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• Statistical Analysis of Terrorism and Instability in Latin America

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  In this research the effect of socioeconomic factors on terrorism and government instability in Latin America are studied. A commonly held opinion is that terrorism and instability are caused by repressive conditions. The objective of this research was to generate a methodology to forecast terrorism and instability given certain socioeconomic indicators. This methodology was generated for individual countries, two groups of countries, and a composite developing country. A set of 28 socioeconomic factors were evaluated and reduced based on correlation analysis. Patterns of terrorism and instability were investigated through data analysis and factor analysis. Multiple regression was used to develop predictive models. Although autocorrelation was present in most of the models, all terrorism trends except in the individual country models of Paraguay and Venezuela were fairly well fitted by the models. Similar results were observed in modelling the trend of instability generated for Argentina. Data analysis showed that there was a correlation between terrorism and some socio-economic factors. Generally, countries having a relative high level of standard of living experienced less terrorism.

  Air Force Institute of Technology (U.S.)

  Hurtado, Juan A.

  1993-03
• Fire/Arson Investigation Training Resource Catalog

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  This is meant to be a document which investigators could consult for information relevant to professional education and improvement. The catalog consists of four sections. Part One contains a state-by-state listing of training opportunities from throughout the United States. Within each state, courses are listed alphabetically by name of the sponsoring organization or school. The second section of the catalog indexes the training material by primary topic. Part Three details certification requirements and procedures for national level certification programs in fire investigation and related fields. The final section of the catalog is a comprehensive bibliography of fire/arson investigation literature, compiled from material provided by the National Fire Academy's Learning Resource Center.

  United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency

  1993-03
• Alert Series: Bulgaria Movements towards Democratization

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  "Since the ruling Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP) forced Bulgaria's long-time dictator, Todor Zhivkov, to resign in 1989, Bulgaria has made substantial progress toward the establishment of democracy. The country has had two parliamentary elections (the second of which ousted the BCP's successor party, the Bulgarian Socialist Party, from power) and a presidential election. Each of these elections were judged by international observers to be largely free and fair. For most sectors of the population, democratic rights and freedoms have been solidly established in both law and practice. The status of Bulgaria's ethnic minorities, however, has yet to be fully resolved. On one hand, the BSP did repeal the forced assimilation policies of the Zhivkov era, and a predominately Turkish organization, the Movement for Rights and Freedom (MRF), does play an important role in the parliament. On the other hand, there was strong judicial and legislative opposition to the MRF's registration as a political party, and a clause in the July 1991 Constitution banning ethnically and religiously based parties bars Rom and Macedonian parties from electoral politics. The open hostility displayed by a significant number of Bulgarian Christians towards ethnic Turks, Muslims, and Roms, the continuing incidents of discrimination and violence against Roms, and other similar considerations indicate that a culture of tolerance has yet to be established. Bulgaria has demonstrated a promising degree of respect for the rule of law and the provenance of international legal standards. While trials for incidents of corruption and human rights abuse during the Zhivkov era are being conducted, anti-communist 'witchhunts' appear unlikely to result."

  INS Resource Information Center

  1993-03
• New Direction for Non-Proliferation Policy: Weapons of Mass Destruction and the Third World

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  "The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction in the Third World is a major national security challenge. This paper provides a summary of non-proliferation policies along with a discussion of current world realities leading to the conclusion that the existing non-proliferation regime is losing its potency. Three options are provided on potential ways and means of halting the spread of these weapons as Third World nations search for their niche in the post Cold War world. The options include the impact of continuing with current policies; an aggressive military-oriented forced compliance policy; and third, an approach that envisions nation building and developing economic power as a counter to seeking regional influence through mass destruction weapons."

  Army War College (U.S.)

  Kilgore, Darryl W.

  1993-02-26
• Proliferation as a Framework for Adaptive Planning

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  "Throughout the forty years of the cold war, the military proficiently demonstrated planning, exercising, and employing against weapons of mass destruction -- specifically nuclear weapons. However, this planning has never targeted the spread of those weapons. This paper examines the high priority the National Command Authorities place on proliferation but explains how the military failed to plan operations countering the spread of weapons of mass destruction. The four stages of proliferation (supply, demand, indigenous, threatening) provide a framework for using the adaptive planning concept and identifying proactive military objectives. The existence of nuclear technology, command and control of the weapons of mass destruction, associated moral issues, or the value of assured deterrence between two nuclear weapon states are not addressed. Weapons of mass destruction are the example used to examine the stages of proliferation. Once planning for proliferation of weapons of mass destruction has been proven effective, this framework can be applied to other types of proliferants such as narcotic trafficking and transfer of conventional/high technology arms."

  Naval War College (U.S.)

  Adkins, Marcelyn A.

  1993-02-22
• Backing into the War: A Critical Analysis of the Military Commitment to the War on Drugs

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  "This paper examines examines the role of the Department of Defense (DoD) in America's war on drugs. It is a critical analysis of the strategy that employs U.S. military forces. This paper reviews the military's historical support to the federal law enforcement community and focuses on the Congressional mandate that committed military forces to direct participation in the border interdiction program. The analysis includes an assessment of the effectiveness of the military's efforts and examines those efforts with respect to the traditional principles and concepts that govern the employment of military forces as an instrument of national power. The paper concludes that Congressional action designating DoD as the lead agency for detection and monitoring severely restricted the military's ability to develop an effective strategy; that the strategy is, in fact, ineffective. The paper recommends redefining the DoD role in border interdiction and the development of an effective strategy to support the national supply reduction efforts.... Commitment, Measure of effectiveness, Operational art."

  Naval War College (U.S.)

  Watson, Benjamin A.

  1993-02-22
• Executive Order 12838: Termination and Limitation of Federal Advisory

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  "By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the Federal Advisory Committee Act ('FACA'), as amended (5 U.S.C. App.), it is hereby ordered as follows: Each executive department and agency shall terminate not less than one-third of the advisory committees subject to FACA (and not required by statue) that are sponsored by the department or agency by no later than the end of fiscal year 1993."

  United States. Office of the Federal Register

  Clinton, Bill, 1946-

  1993-02-10
• Chaordic Threat: Right Wing Terrorism in the United States

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  Future war is emerging in our own culture and language. The threat is chaordic and possesses unity of effort with little visible unity of command. Our nation is at risk but doesn't fully comprehend an enemy that is elusive, global, serious, survivable and effective. This paper focuses on the traits endemic to a threat that purposefully avoids definition, and is strategically targeting the United States Government portion of Clausewitz's remarkable trinity as an intermediate objective. Because its shared strategic purpose is global, this chaordic threat conducts superterrorism. This threat poses a learning opportunity about full dimension war, and suggests that points of departure to the new paradigm are flattening hierarchical organizations and redefining doctrinal battlespace as battlesystem awareness. Strategic success will depend on linking security battlesystems in real battlespace.

  Army War College (U.S.)

  Driscoll, John B.

  1993-02-05
• Paradigm Found - The Nuclear and Nonlinear Battlefields

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  From the thesis abstract: "This monograph explores the similarity between the nuclear battlefield of the Pentomic Era and the nonlinear battlefield described in TRADOC [U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command] Pamphlet 525- 5 AirLand Operations: A Concept for the ~volution of AirLand Battle for the Strateqic Armv of the 1990's and Beyond. This concept is based on the assumption that future battlefields will be nonlinear (more open, less dense). Since the ideas in this pamphlet will guide developments in doctrine, organization, training, materiel, and leader and soldier development, examining this nonlinear battlefield is important. Many aspects of the Pentomic Era's nuclear battlefield are similar to the nonlinear battlefield. If a strong enough connection can be made between the two, some of the nuclear battlefield's testing and analysis data could be used to guide future nonlinear battlefield analysis. The methodology used for objectively determining similarity between the two battlefields is based on comparing the nonlinear battlefield described in TRADOC Pamphlet 525-5 to the nuclear battlefield described in various Pentomic Era books, articles, and studies. The test criteria are: battlefield characteristics (descriptive aspects which set the battlefield apart from preceding descriptions); battlefield relationships (relationships between activities, friendly and enemy forces, and combat and sustainment forces); and combat power dynamics (from FM 100-5 Operations -maneuver, firepower, protection, and leadership). Additionally, the Soviet view of the nonlinear/nuclear battlefield relationship is discussed as further evidence linking the two battlefield descriptions. Finally, the monograph ends with comments on the utility of studying military history."

  U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies

  LeGare, J. Marc

  1993-02-04
• Drug War: A Military Cure?

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  "The drug problem in the United States has reached almost epidemic proportions. Americans have become frustrated at the lack of progress that the government and civilian law enforcement agencies have made in combatting the drug problem. This lack of progress has caused many to believe that the military may provide the solution. Counter-narcotics efforts, to include production and trafficking, are a high priority mission of the Department of Defense. However, the ability of the DoD to fight in a drug war is severely limited by the Posse Comitatus Act. Although this Act has been amended to allow the military to take a more active role in counter-narcotics missions, the military is still severely constrained from using all of its resources. Civilian and military planners must answer three basic questions before they fully commit the armed forces of the United States to fight the war on drugs: (1) Should the military be involved in the drug war?, (2) What are the possibilities and limitations of military involvement?, and (3) What is the military objective? In examining these very pertinent questions, it is also necessary to consider the role of the military as 'policemen', and the impact that such a mission would have on the ability of our nation's warriors to conduct standard warfighting missions."

  Army War College (U.S.)

  Steimer, Gary R.

  1993-02-03
• Anniston Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program Tabletop Exercise (TTX), October 14, 1992

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  "The Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program (CSEPP) exercises are federally managed exercises involving Federal, State, and local agencies designed to enhance emergency preparedness in the areas surrounding the eight chemical stockpile storage installations. The CSEPP Tabletop exercises (ITXs) are self-evaluated exercises focusing on a thorough emergency operations plans and procedures review in an informally structured discussion forum."

  United States. Department of the Army; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency

  1993-02-03
• Management of DoD Interoperability Efforts for Tactical Command, Control, and Communications

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  "This report is one of two issued as part of the overall audit of U.S. interoperability with North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) tactical command, control, and communications. The report addresses the lack of combined (U.S. and Allied forces) doctrine, tactics, techniques, and procedures; the effectiveness of the Interoperability Improvement program, and the DoD's management of tactical C3 architectures. Tactical command, control, and communications (C3) systems are those systems that integrate various tactical combat elements into a focused, efficient, fighting force in conducting offensive and defensive ground, sea, and air operations. Interoperability is the ability of systems or forces to provide services to and accept services from other systems, units, or forces and to use the services to enable systems, units, or forces to operate effectively together. The Assistant Secretary of Defense (Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence) is responsible for the overall supervision of C3 matters. The Joint Staff Command, Control, Communications, and Computers (C4) Systems Directorate (J-6), is responsible for developing policies, plans, and programs for C3 systems to ensure adequate C3 support to the Commanders in Chief and the National Command Authorities for joint (U.S. forces only) and combined (U.S. and Allied forces) military operations. The Joint Staff Operational Plans and Interoperability Directorate (J-7) are responsible for increasing the warfighting capabilities of the unified and specified commands through joint doctrine, tactics, techniques, and procedures."

  United States. Department of Defense. Office of the Inspector General

  1993-02-02
• U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Children Left At Home Alone: Eleven Die in Two Fires

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  This technical report series looks at two separate fires in Detroit, MI. The causes of these fires and the factors which led to the tragic loss of these young lives provide vivid lessons about the dangers of leaving children home alone.

  United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration

  1993-02-01?
• Domestic Missions for the Armed Forces

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  This paper details Senator Nunn's ideas for new missions. It sets forth his speech, the relevant materials from reports of the Senate Armed Services Committee, and the House-Senate Conference Committee, and the final text of the legislation as enacted in the National Defense Authorization Act for FY 1993.

  Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute

  Nunn, Sam

  1993-02
• Alert Series:Turkmenistan: Political Conditions in the Post-Soviet Era

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  "Of the fifteen former Soviet Republics, Turkmenistan is one of the most politically repressive -- and potentially one of the wealthiest. The Commission on Security and Cooperation has predicted that despite Turkmenistan's repressive policies, it will be able to '...mollify the population economically...' Only cosmetic changes in the leadership and bureaucracy have occurred since Turkmenistan's independence in December 1991 -- it is essentially ruled by the same leadership, bureaucracy, and repressive laws of the Soviet era. Turkmenistan has a one-party system: although opposition groups and media sources exist, they are not officially recognized. Real or perceived political opposition is subjected to severe repression. Several political activists and journalists have been tried and jailed, some on political charges, but more frequently now on criminal charges (such as drug smuggling or corruption). Because media coverage of Turkmenistan is minimal, it is impossible to know for certain how Turkmenistan's ethnic and religious minorities are being treated. The government does not appear to be discriminating against or harassing any group solely because of its ethnic or religious orientation. While the overwhelming majority of Turkmenistan's population are Turkmens or of Turkic origin, and some have expressed hostility toward 'Russian-speakers' (Russians, other Slavs, Armenians and Jews), the kind of societal-level hostility against 'Russian-speakers' or against Jews in many other former Soviet states does not appear to be as prevalent in Turkmenistan. However, religious or cultural activities or organizations, whether Muslim, Christian, or Jewish, which the government perceives as a potential source of political opposition, could put religious and cultural activists at risk."

  United States. Immigration and Naturalization Service; INS Resource Information Center

  1993-02
• U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: New York City Bank Building Fire - Compartmentation vs. Sprinklers

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  "A high-rise office complex in the heart of midtown Manhattan was the scene of a major fire on the night of January 31, 1993. It was the most destructive high-rise fire in New York City in more than a decade, resulting in direct property damage of more than $10 million and a much larger loss due to business interruption and secondary effects. [...] This fire is particularly significant as an evaluation of the effectiveness of Local Law 5, the retroactive requirements that were enacted for all high-rise office buildings in New York City, after a series of destructive fires in the 1960s and 1970s. It suggests that the compartmentation option offered by Local Law 5 may be inadequate to prevent fires from growing to extremely destructive proportions and placing both occupants and firefighters in danger of death or injuries. Although the extent of the fire was not as great as similar fires that occurred in Los Angeles and Philadelphia in recent years, it could have equalled or exceeded their magnitude if it had originated on a higher floor. This result reinforces the opinion of many fire experts and authorities having jurisdiction that automatic sprinklers should be required in all existing high-rise buildings, as well as new construction."

  United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration

  1993-01-31
• World Trade Center Bombing: Report and Analysis

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  This is a report by the incident commander of the City of New York Fire Department in response to the attack on the World Trade Center. This is a personal account of the events as they occurred that day. It includes a layout of a FDNY typical sector command post, significant aspects of the command structure, and the response to growing strategic needs as the magnitude of the incident became clearer. It also describes the command operations and progressive damage assessment, including lessons learned and reinforced.

  United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency

  1993-02
• Developing an Exit Survey Instrument for Identifying and Decreasing Theft Susceptibility Risks in the Department of Defense: The Results at SIMA, Norfolk

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  "This study focused on the use of exit surveys as a diagnostic security tool to gather data regarding susceptibility to theft. It sought to achieve four interrelated goals: (1) the creation of a process which can develop a full-scale security exit instrument, (2) the creation of a prototype theft exit survey instrument, (3) a test of the effectiveness of that instrument, and (4) a determination of the extent to which the instrument was subject to various forms of response distortion. The instrument developed proved highly effective in identifying location, procedures, actions, and events susceptible to theft. Separating personnel provided more critical responses than non-separating respondents. While the focus of the study is on theft, it is believed that the findings are generalizable for developing exit surveys to help protect people and classified information."

  Defense Personnel Security Research Center (U.S.)

  Giacalone, Robert A.

  1993-02
• Alert Series: Sudan: Human Rights since the 1989 Coup

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  "The attached report on Sudan was written in April 1992. Information in this report on the background of the current situation is still substantially accurate. Below is a brief summary of events which have occurred since the report was written. The record of the Sudanese government regarding human rights deteriorated in all of the areas discussed in this paper. Martial law and a nationwide state of emergency remain in effect. Detentions, torture, severe misconduct in war, suppression of religious and political freedom, and systematic discrimination and violence against black African Sudanese in both southern and northern Sudan, continue to be documented. The situation in southern Sudan, already extremely problematic when this paper was written, worsened dramatically since April 1992. Splits within the southern Sudanese People's Liberation Army (SPLA) between the 'Torit' faction led by Colonel John Garang (primarily Dinkas) and the 'Nasir' faction (primarily Nuer), worsened throughout 1992. Factional fighting between the two wings of the SPLA, and fighting within the two factions of the SPLA, on ethnic and political lines, led to widespread killing and abuse of civilians in southern Sudan. Southern Sudan is now experiencing severe famine conditions."

  United States. Immigration and Naturalization Service; INS Resource Information Center

  1993-02
• Building Performance: Hurricane Iniki in Hawaii: Observations, Recommendations, and Technical Guidance

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  "The purpose of this report is to provide guidance and recommendations for reducing hurricane and flood damage in the future. This purpose is best achieved through learning from successes and failures of building performance. Therefore, this report includes observations of both successes and failures of various building types. Numerous references to figures are made throughout the text of this report. These figures, primarily photographs, explicitly portray, clarify, or reinforce the technical issues addressed. The figures are presented at the end of each pertinent section. The reader is encouraged to examine these figures while reviewing the report. This report includes detailed engineering discussions of building failure modes and successful building performance supplemented by graphic examples and illustrated design specifications. It also provides recommendations for enhancing building performance under hurricane conditions and addressing building materials, code compliance, plan review, and construction inspection."

  United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States. Federal Insurance Administration

  1993-01-29
• U.S. National Security Strategy and the Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons

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  "This paper proposes a new national security strategy. The recommendation is based on the synthesis of two arguments: (1) the Bush national security strategy is seriously flawed; and (2) proliferation of nuclear weapons is the most dangerous threat to U.S. national security. The broad elements of a new national security strategy are presented together with an analysis of strengths and a rebuttal of potential arguments against the proposal. A new national security strategy is needed, and its centerpiece should be twofold: first, the clear identification of U.S. vital interests; and second, the global neutralization of all nuclear threats. One would appropriately name the combination of these dual themes "Nuclear Containment." This strategy would employ the full spectrum of political, military, and economic power to achieve the following objectives: nuclear disarmament, nuclear nonproliferation, a global ban on the use of nuclear weapons, and defense against all forms of nuclear attack."

  National War College (U.S.)

  Kalb, John F.

  1993-01-25
• Executive Order 12835: Establishment of the National Economic Council

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  "By the authority vested in me as President of the United States by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows: There is established the National Economic Council. The principal functions of the Council are: (1) to coordinate the economic policy-making process with respect to domestic and international economic issues; (2) to coordinate economic policy advice to the President; (3) to ensure that economic policy decisions and programs are consistent with the President's stated goals, and to ensure that those goals are being effectively pursued; and (4) to monitor implementation of the President's economic policy agenda. The Assistant may take such actions, including drafting a Charter, as may be necessary or appropriate to implement such functions."

  United States. Office of the Federal Register

  Clinton, Bill, 1946-

  1993-01-25
• Foreign Assistance: Meeting the Training Needs of Police in New Democracies, Report to Congressional Requesters

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  As a way to bolster judicial reform in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, Congress recently authorized the executive branch to begin offering law enforcement training in those countries. This report discusses (1) whether the needs of the police forces in the region have been adequately assessed, (2) whether the assistance to police forces now being provided directly supports attempts to build democracy, (3) whether the executive branch has developed a plan to provide police training in support of consolidating democratic values in this region of the world, and (4) which U.S. agency has the experience to meet the training intent of the legislation.

  United States. General Accounting Office

  1993-01-21
• Presidential Decision Directive 2: Organization of the National Security Council

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  "The National Security Council (NSC) shall be the principal forum for consideration of national security policy issues requiring Presidential determination. The functions, membership and responsibilities of the NSC shall be as set forth in the National Security Act of 1947, as amended, and this Presidential Decision Directive. The NSC shall advise and assist me in integrating all aspects of national security policy as it affects the United States -- domestic, foreign, military, intelligence and economic (in conjunction with the National Economic Council). Along with its subordinate committees, the NSC shall be my principal means for coordinating Executive departments and agencies in the development and implementation of national security policy."

  United States. White House Office

  Clinton, Bill, 1946-

  1993-01-20
• Executive Order 12834: Ethics Commitments by Executive Branch Appointees

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  "By the authority vested in me as President of the United States by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America, including section 301 of title 3, United States Code, and sections 3301 and 7301 of title 5, United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows: (a) Every senior appointee in every executive agency appointed on or after January 20, 1993, shall sign, and upon signing shall be contractually committed to, the following pledge ('senior appointee pledge') upon becoming a senior appointee: 'As a condition, and in consideration, of my employment in the United States Government in a senior appointee position invested with the public trust, I commit myself to the following obligations, which I understand are binding on me and are enforceable under law.'"

  United States. Office of the Federal Register

  Clinton, Bill, 1946-

  1993-01-20
• Authority to Grant Conservation Easements under 40 U.S.C. § 319: Memorandum for the General Counsel Department of Commerce [January 19, 1993]

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  "You have requested the opinion of the Department of Justice on whether the Secretary of Commerce has authority under 40 U.S.C. § 319 to convey to the City of Boulder, Colorado, a 'conservation easement' in federal property under the control of the Department of Commerce. The grant of this property interest would guarantee 'the perpetual preservation of open space . . . and maximum aesthetic and environmental limitations on future construction' on the site. We understand that your Office has tentatively concluded that the Department of Commerce 'may not possess such authority' and has notified the city attorney for Boulder of that view. Consistent with the tentative opinion of your office, we conclude that § 319 does not provide authority to grant a conservation easement. We believe that § 319 authorizes only the conveyance of property interests that were recognized by courts as valid and customary easements under the common law existing when the statute was enacted. Although the so-called scenic or conservation easement first developed as a land use device prior to enactment of § 319, it was not then recognized as a valid or customary easement in the vast majority of jurisdictions. In the absence of any indication that Congress intended § 319 to include conservation easements, we conclude that the Department of Commerce is not authorized under § 319 to convey such an easement."

  United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel

  1993-01-19
• Authority of the Secretary of the Treasury Regarding Postal Service Bond Offering: Memorandum for the General Counsel, Department of the Treasury [January 19, 1993]

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  "You have requested our opinion concerning the authority of the Secretary of the Treasury under 39 U.S.C. §§ 2003(d) and 2006(a) to purchase bond issues of the Postal Service and to control the disposition of the proceeds thereof. Specifically, we were asked to address the legal issues arising from the proposed bond issue described in Postmaster General Runyon's October 7, 1992, letter to Secretary Brady. Although we understand that Treasury and the Postal Service have reached an agreement, in consequence of which the Postal Service has withdrawn this particular bond issue, we are memorializing our legal conclusions in this memorandum because of the recurring importance of these issues. The Postal Service's plan was to issue bonds in the amount of $3 billion. The Postal Service proposed to transfer the proceeds of the bond issue to a trustee who would then purchase an equivalent amount of government securities, the interest and principal of which would be dedicated to repayment of approximately $2.6 billion of Postal Service debt held by the Federal Financing Bank ('FFB'). Under a ruling of the Financial Accounting Standards Board, this transaction would have allowed the Postal Service to remove the original FFB debt from its books, producing, the Postal Service asserted, cost savings and financial flexibility."

  United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel

  1993-01-19
• Authority of the Attorney General to Make Successive Designations of Interim United States Marshals: Memorandum for the Assistant to the Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General [January 19, 1993]

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  "This memorandum responds to your request for our opinion whether, under 28 U.S.C. § 562, the Attorney General may make two or more successive designations of a person to serve as interim United States marshal in a judicial district where the marshal's office is vacant. You have also asked whether, after the expiration of an initial designation under § 562, the Attorney General may authorize a person to act as marshal under 28 U.S.C. §§ 509, 510. We conclude that § 562 permits the Attorney General to make successive interim designations, and that the Attorney General also may authorize a person to act as marshal under §§ 509 and 510."

  United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel

  1993-01-19
• DoD Directive 3025.1: Military Support to Civil Authorities (MSCA)

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  This directive consolidates all policy and responsibilities previously known as "Military Assistance to Civil Authorities," applicable to disaster-related civil emergencies within the United States, its territories, and possessions, with those related to attacks on the United States, which previously were known as "Military Support to Civil Defense."

  United States. Department of Defense

  1993-01-15
• Department of Defense Directive 3025.1: Military Support to Civil Authorities (MSCA) [January 15, 1993]

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  This Directive is to "consolidate all policy and responsibilities previously known as 'Military Assistance to Civil Authorities (MACA),' applicable to disaster-related civil emergencies within the United States, its territories, and possessions under reference (a), with those related to attacks on the United States, which previously were known as 'Military Support to Civil Defense (MSCD)' under reference (b); Provide for continuation of the DoD Regional Military Emergency Coordinator (RMEC) teams, previously developed under reference (c), to facilitate peacetime planning for MSCA and to provide trained teams of DoD liaison personnel to represent essential DoD Components, as appropriate, for response to any national security emergency; Constitute a single system for MSCA, by which the DoD Components […] shall plan for, and respond to, requests from civil DODD 3025.1, January 15, 1993 2 government agencies for military support in dealing with the actual or anticipated consequences of civil emergencies requiring Federal response, or attacks, including national security emergencies as defined in reference (d); State the policy and responsibilities by which the Department of Defense responds to major disasters or emergencies in accordance with the Stafford Act, as amended (reference (e)), and supports the national civil defense policy and Federal or State civil defense programs, in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) […]; Designate the Secretary of the Army as the DoD Executive Agent for MSCA; Authorize the publication of DoD 3025.1-M, 'DoD Manual for Civil Emergencies,' consistent with DoD 5025.1-M, reference (g)."

  United States. Department of Defense

  1993-01-15