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Public Health Service Agencies: Overview and Funding [October 8, 2014]
"Within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), eight agencies are designated components of the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS). The PHS agencies are funded primarily with annual discretionary appropriations. They also receive significant amounts of funding from other sources including mandatory funds from the Affordable Care Act (ACA), user fees, and third-party reimbursements (collections)." The report includes analysis of funding, spending and appropriations for the following eight agencies: (1) Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality [AHRQ]; (2) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]; (3) Food and Drug Administration [FDA]; (4) Health Resources and Services Administration [HRSA]; (5) Indian Health Service [IHS]; (6) National Institute of Health [NIH]; (7) Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
[SAMHSA]; and (8) Agency for Toxic Substances
and Disease Registry [ATSDR].
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Thaul, Susan; Sarata, Amanda K.; Lister, Sarah A. . . .
2014-10-08
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Public Health Service Agencies: Overview and Funding (FY2016-FY2018) [August 16, 2017]
"The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has designated 8 of its 11 operating divisions (agencies) as components of the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS). The PHS agencies are (1) the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), (2) the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), (3) the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), (4) the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), (5) the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), (6) the Indian Health Service (IHS), (7) the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and (8) the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). The PHS agencies all provide and support essential public health services; however, their specific missions vary. With the exception of FDA, the agencies have limited regulatory responsibilities. Two of them--NIH and AHRQ--are primarily research agencies. NIH conducts and supports basic, clinical, and translational medical research. AHRQ conducts and supports research on the quality and effectiveness of health care services and systems."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Redhead, C. Stephen; Dabrowska, Agata; Bagalman, Erin . . .
2017-08-16
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Public Health Service Agencies: Overview and Funding (FY2010-FY2016) [October 13, 2015]
"Within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), eight agencies are designated components of the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS). The PHS agencies are funded primarily with annual discretionary appropriations. They also receive significant amounts of funding from other sources including mandatory funds from the Affordable Care Act (ACA), user fees, and third-party reimbursements (collections)." These departments consist of the following: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Indian Health Service (IHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), and Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA).
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Redhead, C. Stephen; Dabrowska, Agata
2015-10-13
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Public Health Service Agencies: Overview and Funding (FY2010-FY2016) [October 2, 2015]
"The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has designated eight of its 11 operating divisions (agencies) as components of the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS). The PHS agencies are: (1) the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), (2) the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), (3) the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), (4) the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), (5) the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), (6) the Indian Health Service (IHS), (7) the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and (8) the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). […] The PHS agencies are funded primarily with annual discretionary appropriations. They also receive significant amounts of funding from other sources including mandatory funds from the Affordable Care Act (ACA), user fees, and third-party reimbursements (collections)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Redhead, C. Stephen; Dabrowska, Agata
2015-10-02
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Proposed Equal Rights Amendment: Contemporary Ratification Issues [July 18, 2018]
"On July 20, 1923, the National Woman's Party (NWP) met in Seneca Falls, New York, to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the historic Seneca Falls Convention and celebrate the 1920 ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment, by which women won the right to vote. At the meeting, NWP leader Alice Paul announced her next project would be to develop and promote a new constitutional amendment, guaranteeing equal rights and equality under the law in the United States to women and men. Paul, a prominent suffragist, noted the recent ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment, which established the right of women to vote. She characterized an 'equal rights' amendment as the next logical step for the women's movement. The proposed amendment was first introduced six months later, in December 1923, in the 68th Congress. Originally named 'the Lucretia Mott Amendment,' in honor of the prominent 19th century abolitionist, women's rights activist, and social reformer, the draft amendment stated that, 'men and women shall have equal rights throughout the United States and every place subject to its jurisdiction.'"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Neale, Thomas H.
2018-07-18
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U.S.-Proposed Missile Technology Control Regime Changes [Updated February 1, 2021]
From the Introduction: "Beginning in 2017, the United States has submitted a series of proposals to the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) partners that would relax the regime's export guidelines for certain Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS). Advocates of altering the guidelines to ease such exports argue that increasing competition from foreign UAS manufacturers is undermining the competitive advantage of their U.S. counterparts. Other observers have emphasized the need to maintain the MTCR's standards, which are widely regarded as effective. [...] The MTCR, according to its website, 'seeks to limit the risks of proliferation of' nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons (NBC weapons) 'by controlling exports of goods and technologies that could make a contribution to delivery systems (other than manned aircraft) for such weapons.' [...] The MTCR guidelines apply to both armed and unarmed UAS. According to the MTCR, Category I items are the most sensitive and include complete UAS 'capable of delivering a payload of at least 500 kg to a range of at least 300 km, their major complete subsystems … and related software and technology,' as well as 'specially designed' production facilities for these UAS and subsystems. Partner governments should have 'a strong presumption to deny' such transfers, regardless of their purpose, but may transfer such items on 'rare occasions.' [...] Regime partners have greater flexibility with respect to authorizing exports of Category II items, which include less sensitive and dual-use missile related components."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kerr, Paul K.
2021-02-01
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U.S.-Japan Relations [Updated February 2, 2021]
From the Overview: "Japan, a U.S. treaty ally since 1951, is a significant partner of the United States in several foreign policy areas, particularly security and trade. Shared security goals range from meeting the challenge of an increasingly powerful China to countering threats from North Korea. The U.S.-Japan mutual defense treaty grants the United States the right to base U.S. troops--currently numbering around 50,000--and other military assets on Japanese territory in return for a U.S. pledge to protect Japan's security. The two countries collaborate through multiple bilateral and multilateral institutions on issues such as science and technology, global health, energy, and agriculture. Japan is the fourth largest U.S. trading partner and largest source of foreign direct investment into the United States, and its investors are the largest foreign holders of U.S. Treasury securities. The U.S.-Japan relationship remains strong, and recent leadership transitions in both capitals could smooth relations and deepen cooperation across a greater set of issues. Whereas alliance relations under former President Trump and former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe relied heavily on personal rapport between leaders, President Biden and Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga may revert to a more traditional partnership that relies more on institutionalized ties. [...] In the short term, the countries will confront the expiration of their existing cost-sharing agreement for hosting the U.S. military in Japan."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Chanlett-Avery, Emma; Manyin, Mark E.; Williams, Brock R. . . .
2021-02-02
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South Korea: Background and U.S. Relations [Updated February 2, 2021]
From the Overview: "South Korea (officially the Republic of Korea, or ROK) is one of the United States' most important strategic and economic partners in Asia. The U.S.-ROK Mutual Defense Treaty, signed in 1953 at the end of the Korean War, commits the United States to help South Korea defend itself, particularly from North Korea (officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, or DPRK). The alliance also helps the United States promote its interests in East Asia and around the globe, including by deploying ROK troops to U.S.-led military conflicts in the Middle East. Approximately 28,500 U.S. troops are based in the ROK. [...] Policy cooperation between the United States and South Korea was inconsistent under the administrations of Donald Trump and Moon Jae-in. President Moon, a progressive, was elected in May 2017 after a decade of conservative rule. President Biden has called for reinvigorating the alliance, suggesting he would abandon President Trump's repeated use of punitive tariffs against allies like Seoul and his demand for a five-fold increase in South Korea's payments for the costs of hosting U.S. troops. Unlike Trump, Biden has not signaled an interest in demanding new concessions in the KORUS FTA [U.S.-South Korea Free Trade Agreement] or withdrawing U.S. troops from South Korea. Bilateral difficulties could surface, however, over North Korea policy. Moon's government favors easing sanctions against Pyongyang, a stance that could create tensions with Washington."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Manyin, Mark E.; Chanlett-Avery, Emma; Williams, Brock R.
2021-02-02
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New Presidential Directives on the Defense Production Act (DPA) and the COVID-19 Pandemic [February 5, 2021]
From the Document: "On January 21, 2021, the Biden Administration issued several executive orders invoking the Defense Production Act of 1950 (DPA) to address the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. The DPA authorizes the President to mobilize domestic industry in service of the national defense, including emergency preparedness. DPA authorities include (1) provisions under Title I to prioritize contracts and allocate scarce goods, materials, and services; (2) financial incentives under Title III to expand productive capacity for critical materials and goods; and (3) coordination, information-gathering, and other supporting provisions under Title VII. This Insight examines the new Administration's recent DPA actions and related congressional policy considerations."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Cecire, Michael H.; Peters, Heidi M.
2021-02-05
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Offshore Energy Agency Appropriations, FY2021 [February 1, 2021]
From the Document: "Three entities in the Department of the Interior (DOI) share responsibility for managing the nation's ocean energy resources on almost 2.5 billion acres of the U.S. outer continental shelf (OCS). The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) administers offshore energy leasing and mineral development, the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) oversees offshore operational safety and environmental protection, and the Office of Natural Resources Revenue (ONRR) manages public revenues from federally regulated offshore and onshore energy and natural resource projects. BOEM, BSEE, and ONRR receive appropriations in the annual Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill. Issues include determining the aggregate and program-level appropriations for each entity and considering related legislative proposals by the Administration. P.L. 116-260, enacted on December 27, 2020, contained FY2021 appropriations for BOEM, BSEE, and ONRR."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Comay, Laura B.
2021-02-01
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Rejoining the World Health Organization (WHO): Reform and Related Issues [February 1, 2021]
From the Document: "The Biden Administration is working to restore U.S. involvement in the World Health Organization (WHO). On January 20, 2021, President Joe Biden sent a letter to United Nation (U.N.) Secretary-General Antόnio Guterres indicating that the United States would remain a member of WHO. The letter retracted a July 6, 2020, decision by the Trump Administration to withdraw the United States from WHO effective July 6, 2021. The withdrawal determination followed assertions by the Trump Administration that WHO failed 'to independently investigate' reports conflicting with Chinese government's accounts of the pandemic and repeated 'grossly inaccurate' or 'misleading' claims made by Chinese authorities about Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). On January 21, 2021, U.S. officials announced a resumption of regular engagement with WHO and an end to the drawdown of U.S. staff seconded to WHO. The White House also issued a directive, which among other things, directed the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs to make recommendations for reforming and strengthening WHO. The unprecedented attempt to withdraw the United States from WHO raised questions about congressional authority to inform the withdrawal process. It also reignited calls for reforming WHO, some of which conflated shortcomings of WHO with limitations of the International Health Regulations [IHR (2005)]--the rules governing responses by WHO and Member States to public health emergencies of international concern (PHEIC)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Salaam-Blyther, Tiaji
2021-02-01
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Vietnam's Economy and U.S. Trade: Key Issues in 2021 [February 1, 2021]
From the Document: "Over the last decade, Vietnam has emerged as a major manufacturing center in Asia, and has risen to become one of the top 10 trading partners for the United States. The expansion of Vietnam's export-oriented manufacturing sector contributed to Vietnam experiencing rapid economic growth during most of the decade. Vietnam's rise to be a major U.S. trading partner was stimulated in part by shifts in regional supply chains, driven by rising production costs in the People's Republic of China (China, or PRC), as well as trade tensions between the PRC and the United States. The expansion of bilateral trade has resulted in a major increase in the U.S. merchandise trade deficit with Vietnam. The growth in trade also contributed to other forms of trade friction. The Trump Administration accused Vietnam of unfair trade practices, including an allegation of currency manipulation. Vietnam has claimed that the U.S. government has utilized unwarranted trade restrictions and regulations to block Vietnamese exports to the United States, particularly exports of catfish."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Martin, Michael F.
2021-02-01
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Twenty-Fifth Amendment: Sections 3 and 4--Presidential Disability [February 5, 2021]
From the Document: "The Twenty-Fifth Amendment, proposed by Congress in 1965 and ratified by the states in 1967, provides for presidential succession, vice presidential vacancies, and presidential disability. Presidential inability or disability is specifically covered in Section 3, whereby the President may declare a disability, and Section 4, whereby a disability is declared by the Vice President and a majority of the Cabinet or such other body as may be established by law."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Neale, Thomas H.
2021-02-05
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Voluntary Voting System Guidelines (VVSG): An Overview [Updated February 11, 2021]
From the Document: "States and localities make most decisions about the voting systems used in U.S. elections, from what equipment to acquire to how to pay for it. Since 1990, however, the federal government has issued voluntary guidance states and localities may use to inform their choices. This Insight examines the current iteration of that guidance, the Voluntary Voting System Guidelines (VVSG)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Shanton, Karen L.
2021-02-11
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Temporary Enhancements to Charitable Contributions Deductions in the CARES Act [Updated February 5, 2021]
From the Document: "Individuals and corporations are allowed a deduction for charitable contributions on their tax returns. The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (P.L. 116-136) provided temporary increased benefits for 2020 for some of these deductions. These provisions were extended through 2021 by Division EE of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Gravelle, Jane
2021-02-05
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Immigration Detention: Actions Needed to Improve Planning, Documentation, and Oversight of Detention Facility Contracts, Report to the Chairman Committee on Homeland Security House of Representatives
From the Highlights: "The Department of Homeland Security's ICE [U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement] detained approximately 48,500 foreign nationals a day, on average, for 72 hours or more in fiscal year 2019. ICE was appropriated about $3.14 billion in fiscal year 2020 to operate the immigration detention system. ICE has three ways of acquiring detention space--IGSAs [intergovernmental service agreements] with state or local government entities; agreements with Department of Justice U.S. Marshals Service to join an existing contract or agreement (known as a 'rider'); or contracts. This report examines (1) what data show about the characteristics of contracts and agreements; (2) the extent to which ICE developed and implemented processes and a strategic approach to acquire space; and (3) the extent to which ICE has overseen and enforced contracts and agreements."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2021-01
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Trump Administration's 'Zero Tolerance' Immigration Enforcement Policy [Updated February 2, 2021]
From the Introduction: "In recent years, Central American migrant families have been arriving at the U.S.-Mexico border in relatively large numbers, many seeking asylum. While some request asylum at U.S. ports of entry, others do so after attempting to enter the United States illegally between U.S. ports of entry. On May 7, 2018, then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions announced that the Department of Justice (DOJ) implemented a 'zero tolerance' policy toward illegal border crossing, both to discourage illegal migration into the United States and to reduce the burden of processing asylum claims that Trump Administration officials contended are often fraudulent. Under the zero tolerance policy, DOJ prosecuted 100% of adult aliens apprehended crossing the border illegally, making no exceptions for whether they were asylum seekers or accompanied by minor children. [...] This report briefly reviews the statutory authority for prosecuting persons who enter the United States illegally and the policies and procedures for processing apprehended illegal border entrants and any accompanying children. It explains enforcement policies under past administrations and then discusses the Trump Administration's zero tolerance policy on illegal border crossers and the attendant family separations. The report concludes by presenting varied policy perspectives on the zero tolerance policy and briefly reviews recent related congressional activity."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kandel, William
2021-02-02
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National Emergency Powers [Updated February 16, 2021]
From the Summary: "The President of the United States has available certain powers that may be exercised in the event that the nation is threatened by crisis, exigency, or emergency circumstances (other than natural disasters, war, or near-war situations). Such powers may be stated explicitly or implied by the Constitution, assumed by the Chief Executive to be permissible constitutionally, or inferred from or specified by statute. Through legislation, Congress has made a great many delegations of authority in this regard over the past 230 years. There are, however, limits and restraints upon the President in his exercise of emergency powers. With the exception of the habeas corpus clause, the Constitution makes no allowance for the suspension of any of its provisions during a national emergency. Disputes over the constitutionality or legality of the exercise of emergency powers are judicially reviewable. Both the judiciary and Congress, as co-equal branches, can restrain the executive regarding emergency powers. So can public opinion. Since 1976, the President has been subject to certain procedural formalities in utilizing some statutorily delegated emergency authority. The National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. §§1601-1651) eliminated or modified some statutory grants of emergency authority, required the President to formally declare the existence of a national emergency and to specify what statutory authority activated by the declaration would be used, and provided Congress a means to countermand the President's declaration and the activated authority being sought. The development of this regulatory statute and subsequent declarations of national emergency are reviewed in this report."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Halchin, L. Elaine
2021-02-16
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COVID-19's Impact on Sub-National Governments
From the Document: "In emerging markets, urban centers feel the brunt of both the health and economic crises, putting subnational governments, or SNGs, front and center in the efforts to contain COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. SNGs in emerging markets face significant challenges brought on by the pandemic, for example, significantly less use of public transit, dramatically lower sales tax revenue due to retail and tourism closures, and limited capacity to mount an effective health response. Low levels of preparedness compound these vulnerabilities."
International Finance Corporation
Kochanov, Pavel; Hong, Youngki; Mutambatsere, Emelly
2020-10
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How Much is COVID-19 Hurting State and Local Revenues?
From the Webpage: "State and local governments are significant players in the U.S. economy. Employment by state and local governments represents about 13 percent of total employment in the U.S.--more than the federal government. State and local tax revenues represent about 9 percent of GDP [gross domestic product]. And unlike the federal government, state and local governments generally have to balance their operating budgets; they can't borrow to finance large deficits. This Q&A [question and answer] examines the fiscal impact that COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] has had on state and local governments and is drawn from 'Fiscal Effects of COVID-19,' presented at the Brookings Papers on Economic Activity on September 24, 2020."
Brookings Institution
Sheiner, Louise; Campbell, Sophia
2020-09-24
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Fifth Phase of Fiscal COVID-19 Relief is No State and Local Government Windfall
From the Summary: "[1] This week's federal fiscal relief should not be considered a windfall for state (or local) governments. [2] Although Congress has spent $4.5 trillion on COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] relief to date, there has not been any direct unencumbered funds allocated to state and local governments that could be used to offset budget shortfalls. [3] After assuming that $64 billion of this week's relief offsets some state and local spending we are still expecting state and local government budget shortfalls of at least $107.5 billion."
Hilltop Securities Inc.
Kozlik, Tom
2020-12-23
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About Face: Examining the Department of Homeland Security's Use of Facial Recognition and Other Biometric Technologies, Part II, Hearing Before the Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Second Session, February 6, 2020
This is the February 6, 2020 hearing "About Face: Examining the Department of Homeland Security's Use of Facial Recognition and Other Biometric Technologies, Part II," held before the U.S. House Committee on Homeland Security. From the Opening Statement of Bennie G. Thompson: "The committee is meeting today to continue examining the Department of Homeland Security's use of facial recognition technology. The committee held Part I of this hearing in July of last year, after news that the Department was expanding its use of facial recognition for varying purposes, such as confirming the identity of travelers, including U.S. citizens. As facial recognition technology has advanced, it has become the chosen form of biometric technology used by the Government and industry. [...] In December 2019, the National Institute for Standards and Technology [NIST] published a report that confirmed age, gender, and racial bias in facial recognition algorithms. NIST, for example, found that depending on the algorithm, African American and Asian American faces were misidentified 10 to 100 times more than white faces. [...] These findings continue to suggest that some of this technology is not really ready for prime time and requires further testing before wide-spread deployment. Misidentifying even a relatively small percentage of the traveling public could affect thousands of passengers annually and likely would have a disproportionate effect on certain individuals. This is unacceptable." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: John P. Wagner, Peter E. Mina, and Charles H. Romine.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2020
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National Institute of Justice Journal (Issue 282)
This December 2020 issue of the National Institute of Justice Journal focuses on violent crime and includes the following articles: "Understanding Domestic Radicalization and Terrorism: A National Issue Within a Global Context"; "Advancing Mass Shooting Research To Inform Practice"; "Serial Killer Connections Through Cold Cases"; "Using Forensic Intelligence To Combat Serial and Organized Violent Crimes"; "Functional Family Therapy-Gangs: Adapting an Evidence-Based Program To Reduce Gang Involvement"; "What Do the Data Reveal About Violence in Schools?"; and "New Approaches to Policing High-Risk Intimate Partner Victims and Offenders."
National Institute of Justice (U.S.)
2020-12
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Electronic Health Records: VA Has Made Progress in Preparing for New System, but Subsequent Test Findings Will Need to Be Addressed, Report to Congressional Committees
From the GAO (Government Accountability Office) Highlights: "VA [Department of Veterans Affairs] relies on its health information system-- the Veterans Health Information Systems and Technology Architecture (VistA)--to deliver health care to 9 million patients annually. VistA contains the department's EHR [electronic health record] and exchanges information with many other applications and interfaces. However, VistA is a technically complex system, has been in operation for more than 30 years, is costly to maintain, and does not fully support VA's needs. In May 2018, VA contracted to acquire a commercial EHR system as part of its EHRM [Electronic Health Record Modernization] program over 10 years at a maximum cost of $10 billion. GAO was asked to review VA's EHR deployment. This report discusses progress VA is making on implementing the new EHR system, among other topics. To perform its review, GAO assessed VA's progress toward making system configuration decisions, developing system capabilities, developing system interfaces, completing end user training, and resolving system test findings. GAO also interviewed relevant officials. GAO is making two recommendations, including that VA should postpone deployment of its new EHR system at planned locations until any resulting critical and high severity test findings are appropriately addressed. VA concurred with the recommendations and described actions the department plans to take to address them."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2021-02-11?
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Enforcement Policy for Modifications to FDA-Cleared Molecular Influenza and RSV Tests During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Public Health Emergency: Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff
From the Introduction: "FDA plays a critical role in protecting the United States from threats such as emerging infectious diseases, including the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. FDA is committed to providing timely guidance to support response efforts to this pandemic. FDA is issuing this guidance to provide a policy to help expand access to certain FDA-cleared molecular assays intended for detection and identification of influenza (flu) viruses, including those molecular influenza assays that also detect and identify respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV), during the influenza season and for the duration of the COVID-19 public health emergency."
United States. Food and Drug Administration
2020-10
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Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers Lumiradx UK Ltd., LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 RNA STAR Complete
From the Document: "This Fact Sheet informs you of the significant known and potential risks and benefits of the emergency use of the LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] RNA [Ribonucleic acid] STAR [Spliced Transcripts Alignment to a Reference] Complete. The LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 RNA STAR Complete is authorized for use with upper respiratory specimens collected from individuals suspected of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] by their healthcare provider."
United States. Food and Drug Administration
2021-02-09
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COVID-19 Healthcare Resource Roadmap
From the Document: "This 'COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Healthcare Resource Roadmap' (Roadmap), as developed by FEMA, is to assist state, local, tribal, and territorial (SLTT) leaders and stakeholders with navigating some of the challenges, as well as the resources, associated with the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Specifically, the Roadmap describes how supplemental appropriated funds, in particular funding authorized under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, and certain ongoing annually funded federal programs, can be used to implement potential solutions. [...] The Roadmap is to assist in challenges that federal departments and agencies which work directly with SLTT partners have identified in healthcare and COVID-19 pandemic recovery. Although not an exhaustive list, the identified challenges that follow fall within five topic areas: [1] Patient Care Delivery; [2] Healthcare Workforce Protection and Expansion; [3] Hospital Operations and Financial Management; [4] Post-Acute and Long-Term Care and Other Implications of COVID-19; [5] Vaccine Administration. Each topic area consists of a flowchart of specific challenges, potential solutions, and federal department or agency resources, including federal funding and technical assistance which may be available."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2020-10-27
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PPE Preservation Planning Toolkit
From the Document: "This toolkit is designed to aid organizations by maximizing the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) by planning and implementing preservation strategies. It provides estimates of the value of implementing preservation actions to reduce (use of), to reuse, or to repurpose PPE, as described in the Coronavirus (COVID-19) [coronavirus disease 2019] Pandemic: Personal Protective Equipment Preservation Best Practices fact sheet, in conventional, contingency, or crisis capacity conditions (as defined in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Optimizing Supply of PPE and Other Equipment during Shortages). Users enter data on their current or prospective PPE use practices. The toolkit assists users to understand preservation strategies their organizations can implement. It also provides estimates of the positive impacts of using those strategies in increasing the duration of PPE supplies."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2020-11
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Cities, Towns and vi llages Are Essential to America's Economic Recovery
From the Document: "Without support for local governments, municipalities may move from being part of the economic solution, to becoming a major obstacle to long-term stabilization and recovery. The negative effects of the coronavirus pandemic on local communities are severe and will continue long after this year."
National League of Cities
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Operation Warp Speed: Accelerated COVID-19 Vaccine Development Status and Efforts to Address Manufacturing Challenges, Report to Congressional Addressees
From the GAO (Government Accountability Office) Highlights: "As of February 5, 2021, the U.S. had over 26 million cumulative reported cases of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] and about 449,020 reported deaths, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The country also continues to experience serious economic repercussions, with the unemployment rate and number of unemployed in January 2021 at nearly twice their pre-pandemic levels in February 2020. In May 2020, OWS [Operation Warp Speed] was launched and included a goal of producing 300 million doses of safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines with initial doses available by January 2021. Although FDA has authorized two vaccines for emergency use, OWS has not yet met its production goal. Such vaccines are crucial to mitigate the public health and economic impacts of the pandemic. GAO was asked to review OWS vaccine development efforts. This report examines: (1) the characteristics and status of the OWS vaccines, (2) how developmental processes have been adapted to meet OWS timelines, and (3) the challenges that companies have faced with scaling up manufacturing and the steps they are taking to address those challenges. GAO administered a questionnaire based on HHS's [Department of Health and Human Services] medical countermeasures TRL [technology readiness levels] criteria to the six OWS vaccine companies to evaluate the COVID-19 vaccine development processes. GAO also collected and reviewed supporting documentation on vaccine development and conducted interviews with representatives from each of the companies on vaccine development and manufacturing."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2021-02-11?
