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• Nevada Transportation Profile

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  "This report presents highlights of major federal databases and other national sources related to each state's infrastructure, safety, freight movement and passenger travel, vehicles, economy and finance, and energy and the environment. Along with tables generated for each state, this report describes databases and gives information on access, formats, and contact points."

  United States. Bureau of Transportation Statistics

  2002-10
• Method for Determining Effective Sweep Widths for Land Searches: Procedures for Conducting Detection Experiments

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  "For the first time, a standard, simple, practical, and low-cost method for conducting detection experiments for ground searches was successfully developed and demonstrated. This included a simple method for reducing the data obtained in such experiments that requires only minimal computation and the construction of a simple graph. Two types of objects were used--a fluorescent orange glove and a black balloon-filled 55-gallon plastic garbage bag. Twelve gloves and nine garbage bags were placed randomly along either side of a 2.25 kilometer track in a wooded area. Thirty-two searchers participated in the demonstration, providing 384 detection opportunities for gloves and 288 detection opportunities for garbage bags. Preliminary visual effective sweep width (a.k.a. 'detectability index') estimates were obtained for each object type for the type of environment in which the demonstration was conducted. Land search and rescue (SAR) organizations will now be able to conduct detection experiments in their own respective areas of responsibility using their own resources to produce effective sweep width values for their own use and the use of others in similar search situations. This work constitutes a major breakthrough for improving land search planning and evaluation methods by replacing subjective estimates for probability of detection (POD) with objective ones that are more reliable, repeatable, and accurate than current subjective techniques. This work will also make it possible to bring known and proven methods for the optimal allocation of search resources to each situation that requires areas to be searched, leading to multiple benefits. These benefits include finding survivors sooner on average and thereby saving more lives, reducing risks to searchers through reduced search times, reducing costs, reducing the time volunteers must take from their normal lives, and making resources more available for other missions if needed."

  National Search and Rescue Committee (U.S.)

  Robe, R. Quincy; Frost, J.R.

  2002-09-30
• Collaboration between Public Health and Law Enforcement: The Constitutional Challenge

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  In their article "Collaboration between Public Health and Law Enforcement: New Paradigms and Partnerships for Bioterrorism Planning and Response," Butler et al. present a valuable introduction to the practical problems of coordinating public health and criminal law investigations (1). While this problem is not new in public health, the events of September 11, 2001, have given it a special urgency. This commentary outlines the constitutional constraints on such collaborations, with the objective of helping public health and law-enforcement personnel resolve issues that are not addressed by the article.

  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)

  Richards, Edward P.

  2002-10
• Colombia's War: Toward a New Strategy

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  "American policy toward Colombia is being challenged by an altered political and security atmosphere inside each country. Colombia's new president, Alvaro Uribe, is confronting the growing threat to this administration's ability to govern and control national territory. A protracted internal war that involves a complex assortment of illegal armies, paramilitary forces, and symbiotic narcotics traffickers poses a significant threat to Colombian democracy. The Colombian crisis has long-term implications for U.S. and hemispheric security as a test of American resolve to help restore stability and establish legitimate authority over large areas of the Andean region where criminal and terrorist networks have deep roots. Washington can no longer deal only with the symptoms of Colombia's problem and seems to be signaling deeper involvement. The U.S.-Colombian partnership needs a shared, overarching, and cohesive purpose that does not view Colombia's war primarily through the prism of suppressing drug trafficking and terrorism. A new, integrates U.S.-Colombian campaign plan that seeks to enhance public security, governance, defense relations, and community development, as well as bring about a political settlement, could best advance the interest of both countries and would mark an important turning point in strengthening both Colombian and regional security."

  National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies

  Cope, John A.

  2002-10
• FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin: October 2002

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  The FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin is a collection of criminal justice stories, reports and project findings. It provides a forum for the exchange of information, news, and commentary on various aspects of the field of law enforcement. The FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin is an official publication of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the U.S. Department of Justice. Topics discussed in this issue include: Physical fitness in law enforcement; Safety awareness for public-contact employees; Use-of-force policies and training; School violence; Bomb threat assessments; Bulletproof dogs; Officer-involved shootings.

  United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation

  2002-10
• Public Law 107-228: Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 2003

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  "An Act to authorize appropriations for the Department of State for fiscal year 2003, to authorize appropriations under the Arms Export Control Act and the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 for security assistance for fiscal year 2003, and for other purposes." Contains a number of references to Anti-terrorism assistance, including recognizing the United Kingdom's support for the Global War on Terrorism. Division B contains the text of the Security Assistance Act of 2002.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2002-09-30
• Crisis Information Management Software (CIMS): Feature Comparison Report

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  "The Crisis Information Management Software (CIMS) Test Bed Project was implemented by the U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice (NIJ)/Office of Science and Technology (OS&T), in support of its Critical Incident Technology Program (CITP). Through the CITP, NIJ advances the research and development of public safety technologies that will assist State and local law enforcement and other public safety professionals in the prevention of and their response to critical incidents, including acts of terrorism. CIMS, the software found in emergency management operation centers, supports the management of crisis information and the corresponding response by public safety agencies. The primary goal of the CIMS Test Bed Project is to assist Emergency Management Agencies (EMAs) in comparing and contrasting commercially available CIMS software. Source selection is not a goal of this project. Accordingly, EMAs can apply the results of this project to their procurement process for selecting the product that best meets their requirements and financial criteria, while industry vendors can apply the results of this project to improving their product offerings."

  United States. Office of Justice Programs

  Ashcroft, John D., 1942-; Daniels, Deborah J.; Hart, Sarah V.

  2002-10
• Comparative Analysis of the Immigration Functions in the Major Homeland Security Bills [September 30, 2002]

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  "The House passed the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (H.R. 5005) on July 26, 2002. On July 25, 2002, the Senate Governmental Affairs Committee approved a modified amendment in the nature of a substitute to the text of the National Homeland Security and Combating Terrorism Act of 2002 (S. 2452). On September 3, 2002, the Senate began debate on H.R. 5005. On that date, the text of S. 2452 as approved by the Senate Governmental Affairs Committee was submitted as an amendment in the nature of a substitute to H.R. 5005 (S.Amdt. 4471). Legislative action on H.R. 5005 and the Senate amendment was prompted by the June 6, 2002 proposal made by President Bush to create a new Department of Homeland Security (DHS), as well as previous congressional initiatives in this area. The President's proposal includes the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) under its Border Security and Transportation Division. The key immigration differences in the bills are: (1) whether only the immigration enforcement function or all of INS should be transferred to DHS; and (2) whether those immigration functions transferred to DHS should be housed in their own directorate or as part of a border security division. H.R. 5005 and the Senate amendment would effectively abolish INS. H.R. 5005 would transfer INS's enforcement function to a newly created DHS under a Border Security Division, but would leave intact INS's service function in the Department of Justice (DOJ) under a newly created Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Wasem, Ruth Ellen; Seghetti, Lisa M.

  2002-09-30
• Kashmiri Separatists: Origins, Competing Ideologies, and Prospects for Resolution of the Conflict [September 30, 2002]

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  From the Document: "The recent military standoff and threatened nuclear exchange between India and Pakistan have lately focused congressional attention on the longstanding territorial dispute over the former princely state of Kashmir. This report focuses exclusively on the uprising in the Indian-controlled portion of Kashmir, which has been disputed since both countries became independent in 1947. By many accounts the uprising began when anger over an allegedly rigged election in 1987 became a militant insurgency by 1989. Since the end of the 1999 fighting in Kargil, which U.S. officials say came close to becoming a full scale war. Examining both the Indian and Pakistani strategies and perspectives in Kashmir, this report outlines the various parties to the conflict, including descriptions of the main militant groups active in Kashmir, and provides an analysis of three possible settlements that policy makers have recently proposed for the region. Many have argued that militant forces and political leaders in the Kashmir insurgency have, in recent years, begun to fall into two competing groups. The first group has a Kashmiri nationalist, or Kashmiriyat, vision of the former princely state. The second group, originating in the 'jihadi' subculture in Pakistan and Afghanistan, sees the Kashmir dispute as a religious conflict to free an oppressed Islamic population from the rule of neo-colonial powers. The report outlines the battle that has emerged between the members of these groups and the effect that it has had on the uprising as a whole."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Leather, Kaia

  2002-09-30
• Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 1646, Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 2003

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  From the Summary: "The act would authorize appropriations for the Department of State and related agencies for 2003. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that the legislation would increase direct spending by $415 million and revenues by $10 million over the 2003-2012 period."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2002-09-30
• Estimated Costs of a Potential Conflict with Iraq

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  From the Summary and Introduction: "Estimates of the total cost of a military conflict with Iraq and the conflict's aftermath are highly uncertain and depend on many unknown factors including the actual force size deployed, the duration of the conflict, the strategy employed, the number of casualties, the equipment lost, and the need for reconstruction of Iraq's infrastructure. Of the many force-level options being discussed, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] examined two representative examples. Both alternatives are based to some extent on the forces that the Department of Defense (DoD) had previously indicated it would require for a major theater war. Using those forces, CBO employed various methods to develop its estimates. As appropriate, it used cost data from prior and current military operations--most notably, the operations in the Balkans, Afghanistan, and Desert Shield/Desert Storm. In addition, CBO estimated costs using categories similar to those in DoD's annual reports on the Overseas Contingency Operations Transfer Fund--personnel and personnel support, operations support, and transportation. Under the assumptions incorporated in its examples, CBO estimates that the incremental costs of deploying a force to the Persian Gulf would be between $9 billion and $13 billion."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2002-09-30
• S. Rept. 107-293: Aviation Security Improvement Act, Report to Accompany S. 2949, September 30, 2002

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  "The Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, to which was referred the bill (S. 2949) to provide for enhanced aviation security, and for other purposes, having considered the same, reports favorably thereon with amendments and recommends that the bill (as amended) do pass. On September 11, 2001, terrorists used United States commercial aircraft as guided missiles, killing thousands of innocent victims in New York, Washington, D.C., and Pennsylvania. The unprecedented attacks led to passage of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act (ATSA, P.L. 107-71, November 19, 2001). President Bush signed the legislation after two months of debate between the Senate and the House of Representatives over the issue of the responsibilities of the Federal government to provide security for the Nation's aviation system. Ultimately, Congress placed primary responsibility for aviation security with the Federal government. S. 2949 is intended to address a number of issues that have arisen since the passage of ATSA, including the ability of the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) to complete its formidable task of installing explosive detection systems (EDS) at airports and ensuring that carriers have available, for the short term, war risk insurance coverage. The bill also makes technical corrections to ATSA. Since enactment of ATSA, the newly created TSA has struggled to meet aggressive Congressional deadlines to hire, train, and deploy more than 30,000 Federal security screeners (by November 18, 2002), and thousands of air marshals, and to install new EDS by December 31, 2002."

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2002-09-30
• DoD Smallpox Response Plan

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  This publication provides implementing instructions and accompanying planning guidance to Department of Defense activities to prepare for and respond to a smallpox outbreak.

  United States. Department of Defense

  2002-09-29
• Ten Principles for Nuclear and Radiological Materials Security

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  "Our topic, 'International Approaches to Nuclear and Radiological Security,' could not be more relevant or more urgent. The issues we face concern every member of the international community. It is, therefore gratifying to meet with participants from over 25 countries - a reflection of the international community's commitment to address these important issues. In agreeing that the Department of Energy would co-host this conference, U.S. Secretary of Energy Spencer Abraham sent me here with a mission. He wants me to convey to you the sense of urgency and importance that he, the President, and the entire Administration feel about protecting nuclear and radiological materials. He wants me to remind you of the initiatives the United States has already taken, and urge others to match them. And he wants me to ensure that we learn from you, since we face a global challenge that must be solved globally. Secretary Abraham knows that, while we've had some notable successes over the past two years, the problem requires continued personal involvement and commitment by all of us. I've organized my thoughts into ten 'principles' for nuclear and radiological security. For most of them I want to tell you how the United States is implementing them and highlight the challenges for the international community."

  United States. National Nuclear Security Administration

  Brooks, Linton F.

  2002-09-29
• President Bush Pushes for Homeland Security Bill [September 28, 2002]

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  This transcript includes the September 28, 2002 remarks of President Bush at a Matt Salmon for Governor and Rick Renzi for Congress dinner. He discusses political obstacles - such as collective bargaining - that need to be addressed so that a comprehensive Homeland Security bill can be passed.

  United States. Department of Homeland Security

  2002-09-28
• Radio Address by the President to the Nation [September 28, 2002]

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  This is radio address by President Bush discussing the threat posed by the Iraqi regime and the commitment of the government to confront the threat. Bush mentions moving towards a resolution to authorize the use of force if necessary.

  United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary

  Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-

  2002-09-28
• Speech by Defense Secretary Rumsfeld on the September 11 Attacks, Metro Atlanta Chamber of Commerce

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  Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld gave a speech to the Metro Atlanta Chamber of Commerce on September 27, 2002 concerning the attacks of September 11. Secretary Rumsfeld said "A decision to use military force has not been made and it is never an easy decision. It's clearly the last choice, not the first choice. No reasonable person wakes up in the morning wanting to go to war. It's dangerous, it's deadly, and there are clearly serious risks to acting. But in this new security environment we have to face the reality that there are also very serious risks to not acting and we, each of us -- you and me, the people of this country and indeed the people of other countries need to carefully consider and weigh both of those risks -- the risk of acting as well as the risk of not acting".

  United States. Department of Defense

  Rumsfeld, Donald, 1932-

  2002-09-27
• Economic Effects of 9/11: A Retrospective Assessment [September 27, 2002]

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  This retrospective review will attempt to write dispassionately and objectively about the events of September 11 effect on the U.S. economy. The loss of lives and property on 9/11 was not large enough to have had a measurable effect on the productive capacity of the United States even though it had a very significant localized effect on New York City and, to a lesser degree, on the greater Washington, D.C. area. It was initially thought that aggregate demand was seriously affected, for while the existing data showed that GDP growth was low in the first half of 2001, data published in October showed that GDP had contracted during the 3rd quarter. We now know, based on revised data, this is not so. At the time of 9/11 the economy was in its third consecutive quarter of contraction; positive growth resumed in the 4th quarter. This would suggest that any effects from 9/11 on demand were short lived. While this may be true, several events took place before, on, and shortly after 9/11, that made recovery either more rapid than it might have been or made it possible to take place. Thus, it can be argued, timely action contained the short run economic effects of 9/11 on the overall economy. Over the longer run 9/11 will adversely affect U.S. productivity growth because resources are being and will be used to ensure the security of production, distribution, finance, and communication.

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Makinen, Gail E.

  2002-09-27
• NRC Information Notice 2002-28: Appointment of Radiation Safety Officers and Authorized Users under 10 CFR Part 35

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  The purpose of this U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) information notice (IN) is "to inform licensees of the importance of ensuring that Radiation Safety Officers (RSOs) and Authorized Users (AUs) are appointed with the individuals' knowledge and consent. This IN is also being issued to inform licensees of the new requirement affecting the appointment of RSOs under the revised 10 CFR [Code of Federal Regulations] Part 35, 'Medical Use of Byproduct Material.' It is expected that recipients will review the information for applicability to their facilities and consider actions, as appropriate, to ensure compliance with the new NRC requirement. However, no specific action nor written response is required."

  U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards

  2002-09-27
• Remarks by the President at Flagstaff, Arizona Welcome [September 27, 2002]

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  These are remarks by President Bush in Flagstaff, Arizona. Bush expresses his support for Rick Renzi and talks about job security, defending the homeland, the budget, forest policy, defense spending, and health care.

  United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary

  Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-

  2002-09-27
• President Presses Congress for Action on Defense Appropriations Bill [September 27, 2002]

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  These are remarks by President Bush at Bob Beauprez for Congress Luncheon. Bush expresses his support for Bob Beauprez and his views on the economy, tax cuts, trade, and forest resources. Bush also talks about the budget, terrorism, the creation of the Department of Homeland Security, defense spending, and his vision of peace.

  United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary

  Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-

  2002-09-27
• Statement by the Press Secretary [September 27, 2002]

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  The President today declared a major disaster exists in the State of Louisiana and ordered Federal aid to supplement state and local recovery efforts in the area struck by Tropical Storm Isidore beginning on September 21, 2002, and continuing.

  United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary

  2002-09-27
• Bioterrorism Prepardness: A Progress Report [webcast]

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  This program was originally broadcast September 27, 2002. The archived program includes links to an overview of the program, related resources, an archived discussion, and the webcast of the program. "September 2001 ushered in a new era in public health preparedness. Following the devastating attacks on September 11, the possibility of bioterrorism became a reality with the intentional distribution of a deadly form of Bacillus anthracis through our mail system. Twenty-two people were diagnosed with anthrax and five of them died. What role did public health play in preventing additional cases? What was done right? What could be done better? Join us as we share Arlington, Virginia's response to the anthrax crisis, their best practices, and the lessons they learned. [The goal of this program is] To provide information on current strategies in bioterrorism preparedness and discuss the lessons learned from the response to the 2001 anthrax terrorist events."

  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)

  2002-09-27
• MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, September 27, 2002

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  The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Primary and Secondary Syphilis Among Men Who Have Sex with Men -- New York City, 2001"; "Trends in Sexual Risk Behaviors Among High School Students -- United States, 1991-2001"; "Lightning-Associated Injuries and Deaths Among Military Personnel -- United States, 1998-2001"; "West Nile Virus Activity -- United States, September 19-25, 2002, and Michigan, January 1-September 24, 2002"; "Notice to Readers: National Adult Immunization Awareness Week, October 13-19, 2002"; "Notice to Readers: Updated Post-Event Smallpox Response Planand Guidelines"; "Notice to Readers: Expansion of Eligibility for Influenza Vaccine Throughthe Vaccines for Children Program"; and "Notice to Readers: Advancing the Health of Women: Prevention, Practice, and Policy Conference". Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2002.htm]"

  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)

  2002-09-27
• Combating Terrorism: 2001 Congressional Debate on Emergency Supplemental Allocations [Updated September 27, 2002]

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  "Within days of the September 11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, Congress approved a $40 billion emergency supplemental appropriations (P.L. 107-38/H.R. 2888) to aid victims of the terrorist attacks, to bolster security at airports and other sites, to pursue the investigation and prosecution of those responsible, and to support national security. The appropriation measure partitioned the $40 billion into three clusters. The first $10 billion was available immediately for allocation by the President. The second $10 billion was available 15 days after the President notified Congress about how he would distribute the funds. The final $20 billion would be allocated within an enacted FY2002 appropriation bill. Through notifications beginning on September 21, the Administration fully allocated the first $20 billion over the following five months. Between February and August 2002, the White House has made some adjustments to these earlier distributions, primarily to provide additional funds for the Transportation Security Administration. Congress allocated the final $20 billion as a separate title in the FY2002 Defense Department Appropriation (P.L. 107-117; H.R. 3338), cleared for the White House on December 20."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Belasco, Amy; Nowels, Larry Q.

  2002-09-27
• Iraq: Weapons Threat, Compliance, Sanctions, and U.S. Policy [Updated September 27, 2002]

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  "In recent years, the United States has been unable to maintain an international consensus for strict enforcement of all applicable U.N. Security Council resolutions on Iraq, but it has largely succeeded in preventing Iraq from reemerging as an immediate strategic threat to the region. There is U.S. concern about the long-term threat posed by Iraq and, in the wake of the September 11 attacks, the Bush Administration has emphasized regime change as the cornerstone of U.S. policy. The exact means to implement that objective has not been announced, whether it be through international sanctions and diplomacy, military action, or covert action. The regime change policy is not openly supported by many other governments, particularly if it involves major military action, but many governments support U.S. action through the United Nations to enforce Security Council resolutions requiring Iraqi disarmament of its mass destruction weapons (WMD) programs."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Katzman, Kenneth

  2002-09-27
• Diseases Transmitted Through the Food Supply

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  This brief action notice is an updated list of infectious and communicable diseases that are transmitted through handling the food supply and the methods by which such diseases are transmitted. There are two sections. The first briefly discusses pathogens often transmitted by food contaminated by infected persons who handle food. The second section discusses pathogens occasionally transmitted by food handled by an infected person, but usually contaminated at the source or in food processing or by non-food borne routes.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  Carter, Joseph R.

  2002-09-27
• Iraq: Oil-For-Food Program, International Sanctions, and Illicit Trade [Updated September 26, 2002]

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  The "oil-for-food" program is the centerpiece of the long-standing U.N. Security Council effort to alleviate human suffering in Iraq while maintaining key elements of the Gulf war-related sanctions regime. In order to ensure that Iraq remains contained and that only humanitarian needs are served by the program, U.N. Security Council resolutions have mandated substantial controls on Iraqi oil exports and humanitarian imports. Seeking to improve international unity on containment of Iraq, the Bush Administration devised a "smart sanctions" plan that it said would speed the flow of civilian goods to Iraq and thereby improve living conditions for the Iraqi people.

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Katzman, Kenneth

  2002-09-26
• Concept for the Use of Red Teams in Homeland Defense

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  "Immediately after the attacks on 9/11, Sandia National Laboratories' management initiated the Sandia Study of the War on Terrorism (SSWOT). Run by Sandia's Advanced Concepts Group and supported by experts from all parts of the Lab, the study was organized into three teams (Red, Yellow, and Green) that focused on the following three questions, respectively: How do we find and stop terrorists? How can we protect the homeland? How do we address the root causes of terrorism?... At the center of this constellation was a cluster of ideas related to red teams and how they might benefit the war on terrorism. The goal of this paper is to capture Sandia's thinking in this area. Clearly, refining and bringing these ideas to fruition will require the expertise and involvement of many organizations. Even though much of this paper is written in a definitive tone--"We will do X, then Y, then Z"--the ideas in this paper should be seen as nothing more than Sandia's current opinions on this subject. While Sandia's expertise in certain areas addressed by this paper (e.g., system attack methodologies) is quite deep, in other areas (e.g., war gaming) Sandia is a relative novice, and feedback from more expert organizations is needed to strengthen the concepts and approaches articulated in this document."

  Sandia National Laboratories

  Craft, Richard L.

  2002-09-26
• Director Ridge Addresses U.S. Conference of Mayors [September 26, 2002]

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  This transcript includes the September 26, 2002 remarks of Homeland Security Director Tom Ridge to the U.S. Conference of Mayors. He discusses the ongoing debate of the government's reorganization, the new Department of Homeland Security, and funding for the department.

  United States. Department of Homeland Security

  2002-09-26