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• Evaluating Components of International Migration: The Residual Foreign Born

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  "Assumptions regarding the components of international migration (specifically, emigration, temporary migration, legal migration, and unauthorized migration) contain the largest uncertainty in the demographic analysis estimates. Therefore, evaluating the components of international migration was a critical activity in the DAPE project. This report focuses on the evaluation of the U.S. Census Bureau's estimated residual foreign-born population (including both unauthorized and quasi-legal migrants) in 1990 and 2000. The estimates shown here were calculated in conjunction with estimates of other components of international migration: legal permanent migration and legal temporary migration. These components of international migration, along with assumed deaths and emigrants, are subtracted from a total foreign-born population yielding a residual count. This residual foreign-born population is not an estimate of the number of unauthorized migrants. This estimate also includes people who are here legally but are not yet included in the official estimates of legal migrants and refugees. It also includes people in 'quasi-legal' status who are awaiting action on their legal migration requests. Because the estimate was derived from a residual methodology, any limitations in the methods or in the measurement of other migration components are reflected in the residual number. In addition, our assumptions include a great deal of uncertainty, especially for small migration components. Therefore, the residual may be quite different from the actual number of unauthorized migrants."

  U.S. Census Bureau

  Costanzo, Joseph M.; Davis, Cynthia J.; Caribert, Irazi . . .

  2002-06
• Serial No. 107-83: Investigation into Abductions of American Children to Saudi Arabia: Hearings before the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, Second Session, June 12; October 2 and 3; and December 4 and 11, 2002

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  The purpose of this hearing is to discuss the problem of Saudi men who kidnap their children and take them to Saudi Arabia. "Despite the fact that arrest warrants have been issued for some kidnaps, the Saudi Government has refused to lift a finger to help us solve these cases. In fact, the Saudi Government has created a safe haven for these child abductors in a country where women and children are treated like property....The State Department has a list of 46 recent cases involving as many as 92 U.S. citizens who have been held against their will in Saudi Arabia....The law in Saudi Arabia lets Saudi men keep American women and children in Saudi Arabia even when they are in violation of court orders, even when arrest warrants have been issued and even when they have abused their wives and their children, and that is just wrong....The Saudis have to be made to understand that if they let this go on, their relationship with us is going to suffer, and I don't think that has happened yet." The hearing also addresses the lack of effort by the State Department to challenge the Saudi Government in these matters. Statements, witnesses, submissions: Hume Horan, Daniel Pipes, Doug Bandow, Dianne Andruch, Ryan Crocker, Raymond Maybus, Margaret McClain, Patricia Roush, Michael Petruzzello, Jack Deschauer, James Gallagher, Mort Rosenberg, Maureen Mahoney, Michael Rives, Maureen Dabbagh, Joanna Stephenson Tonetti, Dria Davis, Miriam Hernandez-Davis, Ethel Stowers, Eileen Denza, Samiah Seramur, Debra Docekal, Dan Burton, Wm. Lacy Clay, Elijah Cummings, Blanche Lincoln, Doug Ose, Edward Schrock, Christopher Shays, Edolphus Towns, Diane Watson, Henry Waxman, Benjamin Gilman, Constance Morella, Thomas Davis, Jo Ann Davis, Dave Weldon, John Duncan, John Sullivan, Carolyn Maloney, Eleanor Norton, John Tierney, and Janice Schakowsky.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2002-06
• Real-time Information Extraction for Homeland Defense

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  "The National interest in Homeland Defense was the farthest thing from most American's minds prior to the horrific attacks of the Pentagon and the World Trade Center. The worst nightmares of many Department of Defense leaders and technologists had been realized. Our Country was hit, and hit hard. No longer could we take for granted our borders, our way of life, or our freedom. For a short while, no cost was to high to re-secure these basic privileges of American life. But the practicality of manning and equipping airports, seaports, power plants, water supply, borders, and many other American Infrastructure entities demanded a more comprehensive and cost effective way of defending our homeland. One practical investment is in the Nation's network of airborne warning ground based radar systems that are deployed throughout the United States and Canada to monitor any air traffic entering either of these countries. This system of networked radars was designed with the philosophy that threats would originate outside the borders of the United States and Canada. The system worked so well, that when thoughts of expanded capability presented themselves, they were abandoned in favor of more (apparent) pressing issues. This paper addresses this system of systems, and how with some insertion of technology, it can absorb its share of the National Homeland Defense."

  Air Force Research Laboratory (Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio). Embedded Information Systems Branch

  Satterthwaite, Charles P.; Corman, David Ellis; Herm, Thomas S.

  2002-06
• Hearing Regarding a Review of the Relationship Between a Department of Homeland Security and the Intelligence Community, June 27, 2002

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  This hearing reflects the Committee's return to its consideration of the creation of a new Department of Homeland Security; a focused domestic defense agency which would guard our great country against those who seek to suppress our values and destroy our way of life by terrorizing our people. Our challenge and our responsibility after September 11th is to adapt, respond, and reform to protect our people from future terrorist attacks. It should be no contest. We have so much more strength, wealth, talent, and technology than our enemies. And we have our enduring faith, unity, and patriotism to guide us in our work. Two remarkable realities of American history are that no matter how much we've changed to meet the challenges of each succeeding generation, we've stayed, in essence, the same nation committed to the same values. Now, we've got to change again--to become not just safer, but better. In part, this is a matter of executive reorganization. But it's also, more broadly, a test of whether we can transform the people's government at a time of crisis, against the friction of entrenched interests, while protecting our freedoms. Witnesses include: Robert S. Mueller, III, George J. Tenet, William H. Webster, Bob Graham, and Richard C. Shelby.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2002-06
• Victims of Trafficking and Violence Prevention Act 2000: Trafficking in Persons Report, June 2002

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  "This is the second annual Trafficking in Persons Report to Congress, as required by the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, on the status of severe forms of trafficking in persons worldwide. Through this annual report, the United States seeks to bring international attention to the horrific practice of trafficking in persons. This report is a diplomatic tool for the U.S. Government in combating trafficking in persons, serving as an instrument for continued dialogue, and a means to encourage increased prosecution, protection, and prevention programs. After the release of this report, the Department will continue to engage in discussions with governments to help strengthen cooperative efforts to eradicate trafficking. The Department will use the information gained during the report compilation to target assistance programs more effectively. Hopefully, the report will be a catalyst for governmental efforts to combat trafficking in persons around the world, so that this degrading practice is eventually eliminated."

  United States. Department of State

  2002-06
• World Law Bulletin: June 2002

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  This issue of the monthly publication of the Law Library of Congress includes the following relevant titles: 'ASEAN Anti-Terrorism Communique'. "At the end of the two-day Special ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) Ministerial Meeting on Terrorism, attended by the ministers of home and security affairs from the 10-nation organization, ASEAN member states issued a 16-point communique. Among others, the communique outlines the group's efforts to counter, prevent, and suppress all forms of terrorist acts; condemns acts of terrorism in all forms and manifestations; and asserts ASEAN's commitment to carry out the work program on terrorism ad opted during the meeting. The work program, which is the vehicle for implementing the ASEAN Plan of Action To Combat Transnational Crime, sets forth six areas in which to carry out the Plan. These include: exchange of information; compilation and dissemination of relevant laws and regulations of ASEAN member countries; compilation and dissemination of bilateral and multilateral agreements and provision of information on relevant international treaties; development of multilateral or bilateral legal arrangements to facilitate apprehension, investigation, prosecution, extradition, inquiry, and seizure, in order to enhance mutual legal and administrative assistance among ASEAN member states; enhancement of cooperation and coordination in law enforcement and intelligence sharing; and development of regional training programs. ASEAN also agreed to undertake six anti-terrorism-related projects and initiatives, among them, designation of principal contact points on counter-terrorism matters in all member states."

  Law Library of Congress (U.S.)

  Johnson, Constance Axinn; Zeldin, Wendy I.

  2002-06
• Consider the Source: A Pocket Guide to Protecting Your Drinking Water: Drinking Water Pocket Guide #3

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  Virtually every stream, lake, river and aquifer in this country is used as a drinking water source. Protecting these source waters from contaminants is a major national priority in protecting public health through ensuring a clean, safe drinking water supply. Reducing the threat of waterborne illnesses helps save hundreds of millions of dollars annually by eliminating costly health care expenses, lost wages, work absences, decreased job productivity, and additional treatment costs incurred by Public Water Systems (PWSs) required to meet federal drinking water quality standards. The Source Water Protection Program, authorized by the 1996 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), outlines a comprehensive plan to achieve maximum public health protection. According to the plan, it is essential that every community take these six steps: (1) Delineate your drinking water source protection area; (2) Inventory known and potential sources of contamination within these areas; (3) Determine the susceptibility of your water supply system to these contaminants; (4) Notify and involve the public about threats identified in the contaminant source inventory and what they mean to their PWS; (5) Implement management measures to prevent, reduce, or eliminate threats; and (6) Develop contingency planning strategies to deal with water supply contamination or service interruption emergencies.

  United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water

  2002-06
• Military Deployment Coordination Procedures Guide for State Agencies

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  The purpose of the guide is to assist states in developing and/or updating their emergency operations plans or Emergency Highway Transportation Regulations (EHTR) Plans, where applicable. The guide provides useful information regarding military deployment concepts, State/local roles and responsibilities, recommended coordination procedures, and a number of special considerations such as communications, Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) technologies, and force protection. The guide offers "generic" procedures for States to adopt in whole or in part when revising their existing emergency operations plans. Moreover, while the focus of this guide is military deployments (forts to ports), the information may also assist state agencies in preparing for and coordinating requirements during other national security events and emergency situations.

  United States. Federal Highway Administration

  2002-06
• Information Operations: The Need for a National Strategy

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  This thesis explores the hypothesis that a national information strategy would enhance military effectiveness and national security. Analysis of the role of information in conflict, a definition of what information is, and how it can be used to support military operations establishes the foundation for the thesis. Perception management, system destruction, and information exploitation are identified as key elements of to an effective strategy. They are reflected in the 17 information operational capabilities in joint doctrine. Four categories were created to differentiate the IO capabilities along offense/defense and technological/cognitive lines. The current focus of IO in the U.S. is the technical/offensive IO category, with less attention being given to the conceptual/ cognitive category. This may be due to a lack of strategic IO planning. Therefore, a planning methodology is developed herein and used to analyze the Administration's response to the terrorist attacks on 9/11/2001. A detailed analysis of the IO capabilities used identified two shortcomings: the failure to identify all key audiences, and not considering all the IO capabilities available. The thesis recommends adopting the concepts of a National Information Strategy and the IO strategic planning methodology used in the study.

  Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)

  Morthland, Samuel P.

  2002-06
• Financial Aspects of the International Coalition's War on Terrorism: Steps Toward Leadership for the OSCE: Earl Anthony Wayne, Assistant Secretary for Economic and Business Affairs, Remarks to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe Economic Forum, Prague, Czech Republic, May 31, 2002

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  Earl Anthony Wayne, Assistant Secretary for Economic and Business Affairs, addresses the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)Economic Forum, discussing how the OSCE can play an integral role in the international coalition's assault on the financial dimensions of terrorism. He reviews some of the financial and economic aspects of this collective campaign, and then addresses potential leadership roles of the OSCE in this effort.

  United States. Department of State

  2002-05-31
• Historical Perspectives on Developing and Maintaining Homefront Morale for the War on Terrorism

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  The War on Terrorism will be vastly different than any previous U.S. military campaign. The war will span a wide range of geographic, economic and political boundaries. Terrorist organizations will rely on stealth and dispersion to evade the American military and international law enforcement agencies. The United States will therefore be required to engage the enemy in a wide variety of arenas and with a wide variety of tools. Thus, the War on Terrorism will require the skillful blending of many American and international capabilities in order to meet the challenge. One such challenge is to cultivate and sustain homefront morale for the War on Terrorism. This paper will offer recommendation's on how the United States should address their current homefront morale challenge through the analysis of two case studies. The first case study will examine how Great Britain was able to develop and sustain homefront morale during World War II. The second case study will examine the homefront morale issues concerning the United States involvement in the Vietnam War, specifically on their loss of public support for the war. Both case studies will address the applicability of the respective information campaign to the War on Terrorism, and will focus on generating a set of lessons learned that can be directly applied to today's homefront morale challenge.

  Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)

  Snavely, Christopher B.

  2002-06
• Law Enforcement Approach to Combating Terrorism: An Analysis of US Policy

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  This thesis examines the US policy for combating terrorism from 1988 to 2000 using five case studies; the bombing of Pan Am flight 103, the bombing of the World Trade Center in 1993, the bombing of the US barracks in Saudi Arabia in 1996, the bombings of two US embassies in Africa in 1998 and the bombing of the USS Cole in 2000. The thesis begins by outlining the minimum requirements for a counter-terrorism policy. They are; that a policy must either deter terrorists from attacking the US or, failing that, successfully defend against terrorists who cannot be deterred. Next, the thesis examines the history and development of the law enforcement approach to combating terrorism and a few of the events that set the conditions for its ascendance to the forefront of US policy. After establishing the conditions for its dominance, the thesis takes an in- depth to look at the US response in the aftermath of each of the five terrorist attacks. The final chapter compares the demonstrated performance of the policy in the aftermath of the five bombings with the basic requirements for a counter-terrorist policy to determine the effectiveness of the policy as a whole.

  Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)

  Nagel, William C.

  2002-06
• Department of Homeland Security, June 2002

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  "Since September 11, all levels of government have cooperated like never before to strengthen aviation and border security, stockpile more medicines to defend against bioterrorism, improve information sharing among our intelligence agencies, and deploy more resources and personnel to protect our critical infrastructure. The changing nature of the threats facing America requires a new government structure to protect against invisible enemies that can strike with a wide variety of weapons. Today no one single government agency has homeland security as its primary mission. In fact, responsibilities for homeland security are dispersed among more than 100 different government organizations. America needs a single, unified homeland security structure that will improve protection against today's threats and be flexible enough to help meet the unknown threats of the future. The President proposes to create a new Department of Homeland Security, the most significant transformation of the U.S. government in over a half-century by largely transforming and realigning the current confusing patchwork of government activities into a single department whose primary mission is to protect our homeland. The creation of a Department of Homeland Security is one more key step in the President's national strategy for homeland security."

  United States. White House Office

  2002-06
• Department of Homeland Security

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  The President's most important job is to protect and defend the American people. Since September 11, all levels of government have cooperated like never before to strengthen aviation and border security, stockpile more medicines to defend against bio-terrorism, improve information sharing among our intelligence agencies, and deploy more resources and personnel to protect our critical infrastructure. The changing nature of the threats facing America requires a new government structure to protect against invisible enemies that can strike with a wide variety of weapons. Today no one single government agency has homeland security as its primary mission. In fact, responsibilities for homeland security are dispersed among more than 100 different government organizations. America needs a single, unified homeland security structure that will improve protection against today's threats and be flexible enough to help meet the unknown threats of the future. The President proposes to create a new Department of Homeland Security, the most significant transformation of the U.S. government in over a half-century by largely transforming and realigning the current confusing patchwork of government activities into a single department whose primary mission is to protect our homeland. The creation of a Department of Homeland Security is one more key step in the President's national strategy for homeland security.

  United States. Executive Office of the President

  2002-06
• How Agent Based Models Can be Utilized to Explore and Exploit Non-Linearity and Intangibles Inherent in Guerrilla Warfare

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  Since the end of WWII, a host of groups and states have pursued their interests in the Low Intensity Conflict (LIC) environment. One of the characteristics of LIC is that it is executed mostly by the rules of asymmetric war or guerrilla warfare. This thesis utilizes the recently developed agent-based model Map Aware Non-Uniform Automata (MANA) to explore non-linearity and intangibles inherent in guerrilla warfare. An infiltration scenario is developed based on the author's experiences fighting guerrillas in the mountains of Southeast Turkey. To simultaneously investigate the effects of as many as 22 input variables, recently developed Near Orthogonal Latin Hypercube Designs and Fractional Factorial Designs are used. Utilizing a personal computer and the computational capabilities of supercomputers run by Mitre for the Marine Corps Combat Development Center (MCCDC), approximately 200,000 MANA runs were completed. Several statistical models are developed and compared using a variety of diverse statistical techniques, including Cluster Analysis, Neural Networks, Regression Trees, Linear Regression, and Bayesian Networks. The results of the analysis suggest that the outcome of an infiltration scenario is heavily dependent on the Red agent parameters. The analysis also reveals the Red Stealth parameter as the most important factor in predicting the MOEs.

  Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)

  Ipekci, Arif I.

  2002-06
• Joint Task Force Olympics: Monitoring Potential Terrorists' Behavior via Deceptive Computer Means

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  The purpose of this thesis is to deploy tactical deception via a public website. The perception is to have the website be a supportive tool for the joint Task Force Olympics. In actuality, it will be used to collect various data from those who attempt to access the site. The goal is not to implement a secure impenetrable computer site or to capture hackers. On the contrary, the preference is to entice individuals or groups to enter the site and study its contents in the hope that we may discover why and from where they have accessed this site, and what tiles or directories allured them. The objective is to implement a successful deception by following the guidelines of the JP 3-58, Joint Doctrine for Military Deception, which contributes to the successful achievement of military objectives. The deception is focused on people researching information on the Internet for potential terrorist use. Although there are many threats to national security, terrorism is currently the most deadly of threats using one of the most trusted monitors: the Internet. There exists a relationship between the Internet and terrorism, and this thesis intends to exploit it with deception.

  Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)

  Cheung, Christopher; Zodda, Daniel J.

  2002-06
• Modern-Day Youth Gangs

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  "The more recent proliferation of gangs into less traditional areas - smaller cities, towns, suburbs, and even rural communities - has led experts to question whether modern-day youth gangs differ significantly from their predecessors. Drawing on data from the 1996 and 1998 National Youth Gang Surveys, the authors of this Bulletin compare the characteristics of gangs and gang members in jurisdictions with later onset of gang problems with those of gangs and gang members in jurisdictions with earlier onset of gang problems. Their findings provide interesting insights into variations in gang problems based on time of onset."

  United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention

  Egley, Arlen; Howell, James C.; Gleason, Debra K.

  2002-06
• LI NYC Emergency Management Conference - Lessons Learned From The World Trade Center Attack

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  "This report summarizes discussions at the ninth annual LI NYC Emergency Management Conference held May 20-22, 2002, in New York City. The conference reviewed the events of September 11, 2001, in New York City. The report highlights key findings and recommendations gleaned from the conference sessions."

  United States. Department of Homeland Security. SAFECOM

  United States. Public Safety Wireless Network Program

  2002-06
• Police Use of Excessive Force: A Conciliation Handbook for the Police and the Community [Updated June 2002]

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  "This guidebook was developed to give the police and community groups options for addressing any controversy surrounding the police use of excessive or deadly force. Even after pursuing formal avenues like criminal prosecutions and civil litigation, we are still left with the need to address the underlying, unresolved concerns. We have laid out some practical guidelines for resolving community disputes involving excessive or deadly use of force disputes. A conciliation approach is an effective method for resolving police-community conflicts. Thus we would like to share CRS professional conciliators collective experience."

  United States. Community Relations Service

  2002-06
• Chemical Facility Vulnerability Assessment Methodology

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  This special report presents a prototype vulnerability assessment methodology developed for chemical facilities to use to identify and assess potential security threats, risks, and vulnerabilities. The National Institute of Justice developed the vulnerability assessment methodology as a practical method to assess the security of chemical facilities within the United States. The vulnerability assessment methodology is designed to guide the chemical facility industry in making security improvements at chemical facilities. This vulnerability assessment methodology is therefore focused primarily on terrorist or criminal actions that could have significant national impact (e.g., through the loss of chemicals vital to the national defense or economy) or cause releases of hazardous chemicals that would compromise integrity of the facility, cause serious injuries or fatalities among facility employees, contaminate adjoining areas, and cause injuries or fatalities among adjoining populations. Thus the use of this vulnerability assessment methodology should be limited to these areas. It addresses primarily physical security at fixed sites and does not address cyber and transportation security issues.

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  2002-06
• DoD Contractor Collaborations: Proposed Procedures for Integrating Antitrust Law, Procurement Law, and Purchasing Decisions

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  This article reviews the three overlapping general aspects of government action that govern the level of collaboration among DoD contracts, and the procedural enforcement regimes used within each. First, DOJ and FTC apply antitrust laws to the private conduct of contractor collaborations. These agencies take into account the unique DoD regulatory and monopsony powers to inform their assessments, but so far have relied little on DoD for coordinating their enforcement efforts. The DoD defers on matters of antitrust laws to these agencies. Second, the various federal procurement statutes provide a host of requirements for achieving competition during DoD procurements and punish contractors financially for violating antitrust laws. In addition, a host of exceptions may contradict or limit the application of antitrust competition standards. Finally, as a buyer (market participant or market-maker), DoD's purchasing decisions play a significant role in shaping the behavior of its contractors.

  Judge Advocate General's Legal Center and School (United States. Army)

  Dymond, Francis

  2002-06
• KRA Canal and Thai Security

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  This thesis addresses the possible consequences of the Kra Canal on both Thai Sea Power and Thai Security. The thesis starts by discussing the history of the Kra Canal, from the Ayutthaya period to the present. After analyzing the impact of the project on Thai Sea Power using the ideas of Alfred Thayer Mahan, the thesis concludes that the Kra Canal plays a major role on Thai Sea Power because the canal benefits both the Royal Thai Navy and Thai maritime commerce. Finally, the thesis examines the possible consequences of the Kra Canal project on Thai Security. In this case, the thesis found that the Kra Canal contributes to Thai Security because it benefits Thailand in handling tension involving its neighbors.

  Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)

  Thongsin, Amonthep

  2002-06
• Defeating the Modern Asymmetric Threat

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  On February 24th, 2002 the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka entered into a Peace Agreement with the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) ending a horrific 19 year-old low-intensity conflict. Over the course of nearly two decades, the LTTE came to exemplify the modern asymmetric threat as they battled the Sri Lankan Armed Forces (SLAF) and for a period an Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF). The anthropology in Chapter II, history in Chapter III, and explanation of the Tigers in Chapter IV, describes most of the intricacies of the struggle. In particular, Chapter IV offers four explanations for the prolific use of suicide bombers by the LTTE: one operational, one operational, one psychological and one religious. Chapter V conducts an analysis of the conflict to garner what lessons can be learned from the successes and failures of the SLAF and IPKF so that U.S. commanders can better prepare their troops for future battles against organizations employing similar tactics as the LTTE. Chapter V further tests my hypothesis that the four hypothesis of that the four principles of Internal Defense and Development (IDAD) as currently defined in U.S. Joint Doctrine (maximum intelligence, minimum violence, unity of effort, and responsive government) are the applicable variables in defeating the modern asymmetric threat, even those that employ suicide bombers.

  Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)

  Connor, Robert J.

  2002-06
• What Practices in Airport Security Should the United States Implement at Commercial Airports in Light of the Events of September 11, 2001

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  The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 changed forever the way America views its everyday safety, as well as the safety of how we travel. The United States government took swift and dramatic action to change civil aviation security with the passing of the Aviation Transportation and Security Act (ATSA) of 2001. In the months following the attacks, politicians and the media made their viewpoints known while civil aviation security professionals have been unheard. The objective of this thesis is to ascertain the best practices and recommendations of these stakeholders to provide the highest level of security at our nations airports. To gather these data, the researcher conducted on-site interviews of these professionals.

  Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)

  Churchward, Charles E.

  2002-06
• Kosovo Conflict: Emerging Relationships and Implications for Greece

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  This thesis examines the 1999 Kosovo conflict and subsequent NATO military intervention including implications for Greece. Additional areas of study include: a historical and social background of the Balkans; a revival of nationalist pursuits; and emerging regional stakeholder relationships. The methodology included literature review, stakeholder analysis, and results of a researcher-developed questionnaire administered to 35 Greek officers. Survey results (p

  Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)

  Pattas, Ioannis

  2002-06
• Defense Planning and NATO-European Union Relations

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  This thesis analyzes the emerging security role of the European Union (EU) by focusing on the prospects for multilateral defense planning in the NATO- EU relationship. The EU's recent decisions about defense planning may well play a crucial role because the arrangements in this area will influence the future of both the European Union's European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) and NATO. The successful harmonization of defense planning by NATO and the EU could strengthen the transatlantic relationship, while failure could be damaging to both institutions and to their mutual relations. According to recent EU documents, the European Union's defense planning activity will be limited and therefore it will not have a major impact on NATO's decision-making and defense planning process. The cooperation between EU and NATO experts might have positive effects, notably in promoting more efficient use of scarce European resources and in providing transparency between the Alliance and the European Union. However, the ESDP appears unlikely to persuade the European Union nations to increase their defense budgets. It will therefore probably not be able to narrow the significant capability gap between the United States and its European allies.

  Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)

  Kelemen, Tas

  2002-06
• Final Report on DSS Test of Phased Reinvestigation

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  "The Defense Security Service (DSS) and the Defense Personnel Security Research Center (PERSEREC) conducted a pilot test of a two-phase periodic reinvestigation. In a phased reinvestigation, information collected during Phase 1 is used to determine what additional investigative steps are appropriate for Phase 2. If Phase 1 turns up issue-relevant information, Phase 2 is conducted to complete a full-scope reinvestigation. If Phase 1 turns up no issue-relevant information, the investigation is considered clean and no further investigation is done. This is similar to the approach used in medical screening, where findings of initial tests determine what follow-up tests are appropriate. A previous PERSEREC study, 'A New Approach to the SSBI-PR: Assessment of a Phased Reinvestigation', concluded that a phased reinvestigation could save substantial investigative resources with minimal loss of significant information. The saved resources, if redeployed as planned for the proposed Automated Continuing Evaluation System (ACES), will provide a substantial overall benefit to personnel security."

  Defense Personnel Security Research Center (U.S.)

  Crawford, Kent S.; Heuer, Richards J; Kirkpatrick, Sandra N.

  2002-06
• Future U.S. Navy Force Protection

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  "This study deals with providing force protection for the Navy's future, minimally manned surface combatants. Following the attack on the USS Cole, force protection became the Navy's primary warfare concern. In order to add experience and defensive depth, United States Coast Guard Port Security Units augmented Navy ships' force assets in providing Antiterrorism and Force Protection. Concurrently, the Navy set out to build the next family of surface combatants, the DD (X) class. One of the cornerstones of the program, as specified in the operational requirements document (ORD), is that the DD (X) have an 'optimally sized' crew of 95, not to exceed 150. This is nearly a 70 percent reduction from surface combatant crew sizes of today. How can the Navy reasonably expect to provide force protection for minimally manned combatants when it is having trouble doing so today? This study examines the tasks required to provide adequate force protection, the manning required to perform those tasks, and the associated manning costs. The analysis determined that the new DD (X) class will only be able to perform the force protection tasks if manned near the 150 personnel mark, and even then will require a security augmentation force, such as a Port Security Unit."

  U.S. Army Command and General Staff College

  Zuzich, John M.

  2002-05-31
• Centralizing to Achieve Information Superiority

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  "The purpose of this thesis is to propose a potential organizational structure for effectively utilizing Information Operations (IO) within the Department of Defense (DOD). This thesis is in response to a request for research from the vice commander of the 193 Special Operations Wing. According to this individual, the FY 1999 Joint Warfighting Capabilities Assessment, IO panel cycle, highlighted various deficiencies ranging from inadequate manning and force structure, to ineffective planning and integration processes, to inadequate capabilities available to support CINC requirements. Currently no one federal agency or military department has total responsibility or authority to bring all the disparate, but dependent, IO functions/requirements together. As a result, funding, personnel resourcing, and control is fragmented to the detriment of the nation's warfighting capabilities. As demonstrated by the above finding, the subject of IO has pervaded numerous warfighting commands, doctrinal documents, and future vision plans. Despite this pervasion, there is no single agency within DOD that has the sole responsibility for providing or prosecuting information operations. The thesis will answer the question: What is an effective organizational structure for providing information operations that produces the synergistic effects of centralization without reducing the gains achieved at unit levels by having a decentralized approach? The answer to this question will provide an organizational model that may be applied to any individual service, or DOD as a whole, to provide an organized approach to IO."

  Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)

  Jordan, Terry L.; Voce, Russell S.

  2002-06
• Hazardous Material Transportation Policy and the Threat of Terrorist Attack

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  "This thesis analyzes the framework criteria constructed from policies followed by manufacturers, suppliers, and Department of Defense (DOD) on the transportation of hazardous material. Field interviews were conducted with base civilian and military personnel involved in the support of hazardous material operations. Overall policies on transportation of hazardous material do provide adequate security for naval bases but some inefficiency do exist. There is a lack of designated hazardous material transportation routes on base; hazardous material instructions lacks specifics on transporting hazardous material before it becomes waste; and gate security lacks procedures or systems for to check incoming carriers licenses for authorization to transport hazardous material. Recommendations include the establishment of hazardous material routes; incorporate specifics on transporting incoming hazardous material; establish communications with law enforcement systems to check carrier's licenses for authorization to transport hazardous material; and base security plans should incorporate exercises and training plans pertaining to possible terrorists attacks with hazardous material."

  Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)

  Matthews, James R.

  2002-06