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Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2020 Budget and Appropriations [Updated April 9, 2020]
From the Document: "Each year, Congress considers 12 distinct appropriations measures, including one for the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS), which includes funding for U.S. diplomatic activities, cultural exchanges, development and security assistance, and U.S. participation in multilateral organizations, among other international activities. On March 11, 2019, the Trump Administration submitted to Congress its SFOPS budget proposal for FY2020, which totaled $42.72 billion in discretionary funds ($42.88 billion when $158.9 million in mandatory retirement funds are included), reflecting adherence to discretionary funding caps, as determined by the Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA; P.L. 112-25). [...] This report provides an account-by-account comparison of the FY2020 SFOPS request (including the supplemental request), House and Senate SFOPS legislation, and the final FY2020 SFOPS appropriation (including supplemental appropriations) to FY2019 funding in Appendix A. The International Affairs (function 150) budget in Appendix B provides a similar comparison."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Gill, Cory R.
2020-04-09
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Federal Employees' Compensation Act (FECA): Workers' Compensation for Federal Employees [Updated April 13, 2020]
From the Summary: "The Federal Employees' Compensation Act (FECA) is the workers' compensation program for federal employees. Like all workers' compensation programs, FECA pays disability, survivors, and medical benefits, without regard to who was at fault, to employees who are injured or become ill in the course of their federal employment and to the survivors of employees killed on the job. The FECA program is administered by the Department of Labor (DOL) and the costs of benefits are paid by each employee's host agency. U.S. Postal Service (USPS) employees currently comprise the largest group of FECA beneficiaries and are responsible for the largest share of FECA benefits."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Szymendera, Scott
2020-04-13
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Army's Optionally Manned Fighting Vehicle (OMFV) Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated April 16, 2020]
From Why Is This Issue Important to Congress?: "The Army's Optionally Manned Fighting Vehicle (OMFV) is the Army's third attempt to replace the M-2 Bradley Infantry Fighting Vehicle (IFV) which has been in service since the early 1980s. Despite numerous upgrades since its introduction, the Army contends the M-2 is near the end of its useful life and can no longer accommodate the types of upgrades needed for it to be effective on the modern battlefield. Because the OMFV would be an important weapon system in the Army's Armored Brigade Combat Teams (ABCTs), Congress may be concerned with how the OMFV would impact the effectiveness of ground forces over the full spectrum of military operations. Moreover, Congress might also be concerned with how much more capable the OMFV is projected to be over the M-2 Bradley to ensure that it is not just a costly marginal improvement over the current system. A number of past unsuccessful Army acquisition programs have served to heighten congressional oversight of Army programs, and the OMFV may be subject to a high degree of congressional interest."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Feickert, Andrew
2020-04-16
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Federal Communications Commission: Progress Protecting Consumers from Illegal Robocalls [April 10, 2020]
From the Document: "The number of robocalls continues to grow in the United States, and the figures tend to fluctuate based on the introduction of new government and industry attempts to stop them and robocallers' changing tactics to thwart those attempts (see Figure). In 2019, U.S. consumers received 58.5 billion robocalls, an increase of 22% from the 47.8 billion received in 2018, according to the YouMail Robocall Index. In 2016, the full first year the Robocall Index was tabulated, that figure was 29.1 billion calls--half the number of calls in 2019. Further, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) states that robocalls make up its biggest consumer complaint category, with over 200,000 complaints each year--around 60% of all the complaints it receives. A robocall is any telephone call that delivers a pre-recorded message using an automatic (computerized) telephone dialing system. The Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 (P.L. 102-243) regulates robocalls. Legal robocalls are used by legitimate call originators for political, public service, and emergency messages. Illegal robocalls are usually associated with fraudulent telemarketing campaigns. The FCC estimates that eliminating illegal scam robocalls would provide a public benefit of $3 billion annually. A survey by Truecaller, a company that tracks and blocks robocalls, puts that figure as high as $10.5 billion."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Figliola, Patricia Moloney
2020-04-10
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Constitutional Considerations of Remote Voting in Congress [April 14, 2020]
From the Document: "COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] has had an impact on almost every facet of American life. Congress has not been spared. Largely because the risk of transmission of the disease is highest in concentrated groups, there have been calls to alter the internal operation of the two chambers to introduce 'social distancing' into the legislative process. One high-profile suggestion--intended to limit the risks associated with Members' physical presence on the House or Senate floor and travel back and forth from their districts--is to alter House or Senate rules to allow floor votes to be cast remotely, i.e. with Members being virtually rather than physically present."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Garvey, Todd
2020-04-14
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Defense Production Act (DPA) and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Recent Developments and Policy Considerations [April 15, 2020]
From the Document: "In response to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, the Administration invoked the Defense Production Act of 1950 (DPA) on multiple occasions to facilitate the manufacture and distribution of medical equipment and supplies. The full extent of DPA implementation is unclear--to date, there have been six public announcements describing official DPA implementation actions. This Insight describes recent DPA actions and reported implementation with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic, and discusses policy considerations for Congress. It is intended as a companion to CRS [Congressional Research Service] Insights IN11280 and IN11231. See CRS Report R43767 for a more in-depth discussion of DPA history and authorities."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Cecire, Michael H.; Peters, Heidi M.
2020-04-15
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Department of Justice's Coronavirus Emergency Supplemental Funding Program [April 16, 2020]
From the Document: "The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act, P.L. 116-136) provided $850 million to the Department of Justice (DOJ) to be awarded to state and local governments to help them 'prevent, prepare for, and respond to coronavirus, domestically or internationally.' DOJ is awarding this funding under its Coronavirus Emergency Supplemental Funding (CESF) program, which is being administered by the Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
James, Nathan
2020-04-16
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Iran Sanctions [Updated April 14, 2020]
From the Overview: "Sanctions have been a significant component of U.S. Iran policy since Iran's 1979 Islamic Revolution that toppled the Shah of Iran, a U.S. ally. In the 1980s and 1990s, U.S. sanctions were intended to try to compel Iran to cease supporting acts of terrorism and to limit Iran's strategic power in the Middle East more generally. After the mid-2000s, U.S. and international sanctions focused largely on trying to persuade Iran to agree to limits to its nuclear program. Still, sanctions have had multiple objectives and sought to address multiple threats from Iran simultaneously. This report analyzes U.S. and international sanctions against Iran. CRS [Congressional Research Service] cannot independently corroborate whether any individual or other entity might be in violation of U.S. or international sanctions against Iran. The report tracks implementation of the various U.S. laws and executive orders, some of which require the blocking of U.S.-based property of sanctioned entities. No information has been released from the executive branch indicating the extent, if any, to which any such property is currently blocked."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Katzman, Kenneth
2020-04-14
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Navy Force Structure and Shipbuilding Plans: Background and Issues for Congress [April 22, 2020]
From the Introduction: "This report presents background information and issues for Congress concerning the Navy's force structure and shipbuilding plans. The current and planned size and composition of the Navy, the annual rate of Navy ship procurement, the capacity of the naval shipbuilding industry, and the prospective affordability of the Navy's shipbuilding plans have been oversight matters for the congressional defense committees for many years."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2020-04-22
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Libya: Conflict, Transition, and U.S. Policy [Updated April 13, 2020]
From the Overview: "Libya's 2011 uprising and conflict brought Muammar al Qadhafi's four decades of authoritarian rule to an end. Competing factions and alliances--organized along local, regional, ideological, tribal, and personal lines--have jockeyed for influence and power in post-Qadhafi Libya, at times with the backing of rival foreign governments. In 2018, Ghassan Salamé, then-Special Representative of the U.N. Secretary-General (SRSG) and head of the U.N. Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL), argued that Libyans were struggling to overcome a political 'discourse of hatred' and 'mutual exclusion' that had prevented the completion of the country's transition to date. This discourse is in part a legacy of Qadhafi's decades of divisive rule and in part a product of the divisiveness, insecurity, and zero-sum competition that have followed his downfall."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Blanchard, Christopher M.
2020-04-13
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Navy Ship Names: Background for Congress [Updated April 14, 2020]
From the Background: "Names for Navy ships traditionally have been chosen and announced by the Secretary of the Navy, under the direction of the President and in accordance with rules prescribed by Congress. For most of the 19th century, U.S. law included language explicitly assigning the Secretary of the Navy the task of naming new Navy ships. The reference to the Secretary of the Navy disappeared from the U.S. Code in 1925. The code today (10 U.S.C. §8662) is silent on the issue of who has the authority to name new Navy ships, but the Secretary of the Navy arguably retains implicit authority, given the location of Section 8662 in subtitle C of Title 10, which covers the Navy and Marine Corps."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2020-04-14
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Secure Rural Schools and Community Self-Determination Act: Background and Issues [Updated April 21, 2020]
From the Document: "Under federal law, state and local governments receive payments through various programs due to the presence of federally owned land within their jurisdictions. Some of these payment programs are based on the revenue generated from specific land uses and activities. For example, Congress has authorized payments to the counties containing national forests--managed by the Forest Service--based on the revenue generated from those lands. In addition, Congress has authorized the 18 counties in western Oregon containing the Oregon and California (O&C) lands and Coos Bay Wagon Road (CBWR) lands--managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM)--to also receive a payment based on the revenue generated from those lands."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hoover, Katie
2020-04-21
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Navy Frigate (FFG[X]) Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated April 28, 2020]
From the Document: "This report provides background information and discusses potential issues for Congress regarding the Navy's FFG(X) [guided-missile frigates] program, a program to procure a new class of 20 guided-missile frigates (FFGs). The Navy's proposed FY2021 budget requests $1,053.1 million (i.e., about $1.1 billion) for the procurement of the second FFG(X). The FFG(X) program presents several potential oversight issues for Congress. Congress's decisions on the program could affect Navy capabilities and funding requirements and the shipbuilding industrial base. This report focuses on the FFG(X) program. Other CRS [Congressional Research Service] reports discuss the strategic context within which the FFG(X) program and other Navy acquisition programs may be considered."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2020-04-28
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Precision-Guided Munitions: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated April 15, 2020]
From the Introduction: "This report focuses on selected precision-guided munitions (PGMs) fielded by the Air Force, Army, Navy, and Marine Corps. Over the years, the U.S. military has relied on PGMs to execute ground, air, and naval military operations. PGMs have become ubiquitous in U.S. military operations; funding for these weapons has increased dramatically from FY1998 to the present as depicted in. In FY2021, the Department of Defense (DOD) requested approximately $4.1 billion for more than 41,337 weapons in 15 munitions programs. DOD projects requesting approximately $3.3 billion for 20,456 weapons in FY2022, $3.9 billion for 23,306 weapons in FY2023, $3.9 billion for 18,376 weapons in FY2024, and $3.6 billion for 16,325 weapons in FY2025."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hoehn, John R.
2020-04-15
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Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS): An Overview [Updated April 14, 2020]
From the Introduction: "Established by Congress as an amendment to the Clean Air Act, the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) mandates that U.S. transportation fuels contain a minimum volume of biofuel. 1 The mandated minimum volume increases annually and must be met using both conventional biofuel (e.g., corn starch ethanol) and advanced biofuel (e.g., cellulosic ethanol). For a renewable fuel to be applied toward the mandate, it must be used for certain purposes (i.e., transportation fuel, jet fuel, or heating oil) and meet certain environmental and biomass feedstock criteria."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bracmort, Kelsi
2020-04-14
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China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities--Background and Issues for Congress [Updated May 21, 2020]
From the Summary: "In an era of renewed great power competition, China's military modernization effort, including its naval modernization effort, has become the top focus of U.S. defense planning and budgeting. China's navy, which China has been steadily modernizing for more than 25 years, since the early to mid-1990s, has become a formidable military force within China's near-seas region, and it is conducting a growing number of operations in more-distant waters, including the broader waters of the Western Pacific, the Indian Ocean, and waters around Europe. China's navy is viewed as posing a major challenge to the U.S. Navy's ability to achieve and maintain wartime control of blue-water ocean areas in the Western Pacific--the first such challenge the U.S. Navy has faced since the end of the Cold War--and forms a key element of a Chinese challenge to the longstanding status of the United States as the leading military power in the Western Pacific. China's naval modernization effort encompasses a wide array of platform and weapon acquisition programs, including anti-ship ballistic missiles (ASBMs), anti-ship cruise missiles (ASCMs), submarines, surface ships, aircraft, unmanned vehicles (UVs), and supporting C4ISR (command and control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance) systems. China's naval modernization effort also includes improvements in maintenance and logistics, doctrine, personnel quality, education and training, and exercises."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2020-05-21
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): Emergency Temporary Standards (ETS) and COVID-19 [Updated May 28, 2020]
From the Summary: "The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) does not currently have a specific standard that protects healthcare or other workers from airborne or aerosol transmission of disease or diseases transmitted by airborne droplets. Some in Congress, and some groups representing healthcare, meat and poultry processing, and other workers, are calling on OSHA to promulgate an emergency temporary standard (ETS) to protect workers from exposure to SARS-Cov-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] , the virus that causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSH Act) gives OSHA the ability to promulgate an ETS that would remain in effect for up to six months without going through the normal review and comment process of rulemaking. OSHA, however, has rarely used this authority in the past--not since the courts struck down its ETS on asbestos in 1983."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Szymendera, Scott
2020-05-28
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EPA Reconsiders Benefits of Mercury and Air Toxics Limits [Updated May 19, 2020]
From the Document: "In April 2020, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) concluded that limits on hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) from coal- and oil-fired power plants are not 'appropriate and necessary' (A&N) under Clean Air Act (CAA) Section 112(n)(1) ('Reconsideration of Supplemental Finding and Residual Risk and Technology Review,' April 16, 2020). The 2020 A&N rule reversed prior A&N determinations, which led to the 2000 listing of coal- and oil-fired power plants as a major source of HAPs and the 2012 Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS) limiting those HAPs. Notwithstanding the 2020 A&N rule, the 2012 MATS limits remain in effect for power plants because EPA determined that it could not meet the criteria under CAA 112(c)(9) to delist them. Furthermore, the A&N finding does not change the regulatory status of other pollution sources because CAA Section 112(n)(1) applies only to power plants. Some have raised questions about why EPA reversed the A&N finding and how it might affect regulated entities. For example, some power plant owners are concerned the A&N reversal may compromise their ability to recover from ratepayers the costs of installing MATS pollution controls. Others find this unlikely, but legal challenges to the 2020 A&N rule are expected."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Shouse, Kate C.
2020-05-19
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Emoluments Clauses of the U.S. Constitution [Updated May 26, 2020]
From the Document: "Recent litigation involving President Trump has raised a number of legal issues concerning formerly obscure constitutional provisions that prohibit the acceptance or receipt of 'emoluments' in certain circumstances. This In Focus provides an overview of these constitutional provisions, highlighting several unsettled legal areas concerning their meaning and scope, and reviewing the status of ongoing litigation against President Trump based on alleged violations of the Emoluments Clauses."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hickey, Kevin J.; Foster, Michael A. (Legislative attorney)
2020-05-26
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Guyana: An Overview [Updated May 21, 2020]
From the Document: "Located on the north coast of South America, English-speaking Guyana has characteristics of a Caribbean nation because of its British colonial heritage (the country achieved independence from Britain in 1966). Guyana participates in Caribbean regional organizations and forums, and its capital of Georgetown serves as headquarters for the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), a regional integration organization. Guyana currently is facing two enormous challenges--a political crisis concerning the conduct of the March 2, 2020, elections, and a public health threat due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sullivan, Mark P.
2020-05-21
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Russia's Nord Stream 2 Pipeline: A Push for the Finish Line [Updated May 28, 2020]
From the Document: "Recent reports suggest that the Russian government is trying to complete construction of Nord Stream 2, a controversial natural gas pipeline that will enable Russia to increase the amount of natural gas it exports directly to Germany and onward to other European Union (EU) member states (bypassing Ukraine and other transit countries). Pipeline construction was suspended in December 2019, after the United States imposed sanctions related to the project. The Trump Administration and Congress have expressed opposition to Nord Stream 2, reflecting concerns about European dependence on Russian energy and the threat Russia poses to Ukraine."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Welt, Cory; Ratner, Michael; Belkin, Paul
2020-05-28
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United Nations Issues: Congressional Representatives to the U.N. General Assembly [Updated May 22, 2020]
From the Document: "The annual session of the United Nations (U.N.) General Assembly is held at U.N. Headquarters in New York City. The President generally appoints one Democrat and one Republican to serve as U.S. representatives to the session, alternating each year between the House and Senate. At the 74th session, which opened in September 2019, two members of the House of Representatives, Barbara Lee and Cathy McMorris Rodgers, served as congressional representatives. Two members of the Senate will likely serve as representatives to the 75th session, which is scheduled to open on September 15, 2020. It is unclear how, if at all, the upcoming Assembly session may be affected by Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Current General Assembly activities are being conducted remotely."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Blanchfield, Luisa; Weed, Matthew C.
2020-05-22
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Child Support Enforcement-Led Employment Services for Noncustodial Parents: In Brief [May 18, 2020]
From the Summary: "The Child Support Enforcement (CSE) program is a federal-state partnership that seeks to ensure child support is a regular source of income for families. The program transfers financial support from a noncustodial parent (NCP) to a child's primary caretaker (usually a custodial parent). Nearly two-thirds of participating custodial families report having incomes below 200% of the federal poverty threshold. The CSE program collects about two-thirds of the current support that is due each year, with the remainder that is unpaid becoming arrears (i.e., past-due support). Many NCPs who do not pay their obligations in full struggle with finding consistent and sufficient employment. Employment programs within the context of CSE are designed to increase NCP employment and child support collections. Many states have CSE-led employment programs and a number of practitioners report that, in their experience, these services are a more effective tool for NCPs with limited ability to pay than other enforcement strategies. CSE employment programs only serve a small proportion of NCPs making zero or partial payments; many observers primarily attribute this to a lack of sustainable funding. In response, some policymakers have proposed dedicating federal funding for CSE-led employment services."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Landers, Patrick A.
2020-05-18
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U.S. Blood Supply and the COVID-19 Response: In Brief [May 28, 2020]
From the Summary: "The nation's blood supply is largely managed by a network of independent blood centers and the American Red Cross, with some oversight from the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These private organizations collect blood product donations (e.g., whole blood, plasma, and platelets) from individual volunteers through scheduled appointments, walk-in appointments, and blood drives. Independent blood centers and the American Red Cross each collect nearly half of blood products nationwide, with the remainder collected in hospital settings. The response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed significant challenges for maintenance of the U.S. blood supply. Mitigation strategies to prevent the spread of COVID-19, such as closures of schools and workplaces, have led to blood drive cancellations at the places where such events are often held. In addition to blood drive cancellations, individual state stay-at-home orders and general fear of contracting the COVID-19 virus might dissuade individuals from scheduling appointments to donate blood."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sussman, Jared S.; Dabrowska, Agata
2020-05-28
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COVID-19: Federal Travel Restrictions and Quarantine Measures [Updated May 28, 2020]
From the Document:"In response to the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the federal government has taken several actions to deter persons with potential COVID-19 infection from entering the country. This Legal Sidebar examines the legal authorities underlying two categories of these actions: First, restrictions on the entry of many non-U.S. nationals (aliens) who recently have been physically present in mainland China, Iran, much of Europe, and Brazil; and second, quarantine requirements imposed on all persons entering the United States, regardless of citizenship status. A separate Sidebar discusses additional actions the federal government has taken to restrict the movement of foreign nationals through ports of entry on the land borders with Canada and Mexico."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Liu, Edward C.
2020-05-28
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CFIUS: New Foreign Investment Review Regulations [Updated May 28, 2020]
From the Overview: "On January 13, 2020, the Department of the Treasury issued final regulations to implement key parts of the Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act (FIRRMA) (Title XVII, P.L. 115-232), which are intended to 'strengthen and modernize' the national security review of foreign direct investment (FDI) transactions by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) (under P.L. 110-49). CFIUS is an interagency body comprising nine Cabinet members and others as appointed. The regulations, which largely concern CFIUS's expanded review of certain real estate and noncontrolling investments, became effective on February 13, 2020. These rules were widely anticipated by various stakeholders for clarifying key aspects of FIRRMA. Subsequently, a new rule proposed in May would amend the mandatory filing requirements related to U.S. critical technology companies."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Cimino-Isaacs, Cathleen D.; Jackson, James K., 1949-
2020-05-28
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Belarus: An Overview [Updated May 19, 2020]
From the Document: "In recent years, observers have debated the prospects for change in the foreign and domestic policies of Belarus, an authoritarian state in Eastern Europe with close economic and security ties to Russia (see Figure 1). Although the U.S.-Belarus relationship has been difficult, the two countries have taken steps to normalize relations, including an agreement to appoint ambassadors for the first time since 2008. Few observers anticipate major governance or foreign policy changes in Belarus in the near term. Some, however, believe incremental shifts may be possible. Congressional policy toward Belarus previously has focused on the promotion of democracy and human rights, including via the imposition of sanctions. The renewal of U.S. diplomatic relations with Belarus and Belarus's growing rift with Russia may be of interest to some Members of Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Welt, Cory
2020-05-19
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National Security Implications of Fifth Generation (5G) Mobile Technologies [Updated June 2, 2020]
From the Document: "The fifth generation (5G) of mobile technologies will increase the speed of data transfer and improve bandwidth over existing fourth generation (4G) technologies, in turn enabling new military and commercial applications. 5G technologies are expected to support interconnected or autonomous devices, such as smart homes, self-driving vehicles, precision agriculture systems, industrial machinery, and advanced robotics. 5G for the military could additionally improve intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) systems and processing; enable new methods of command and control (C2); and streamline logistics systems for increased efficiency, among other uses. As 5G technologies are developed and deployed, Congress may consider policies for spectrum management and national security, as well as implications for U.S. military operations."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hoehn, John R.; Sayler, Kelley M.
2020-06-02
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Libya and U.S. Policy [May 20, 2020]
From the Document: "Libya has been wracked by major conflict since April 2019, when the 'Libyan National Army'/'Libyan Arab Armed Forces' (LNA/LAAF) movement--a coalition of armed groups led by Khalifa Haftar--launched a bid to seize the capital, Tripoli, from local militias and the internationally recognized Government of National Accord (GNA)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Blanchard, Christopher M.
2020-05-20
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Delivery of Economic Impact Payments (EIPs) [Updated May 26, 2020]
From the Document: "To mitigate the financial hardship many Americans are experiencing during the coronavirus pandemic, Congress passed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (P.L. 116-136). A critical element of the aid package is direct payments to certain individuals in 2020. The payments are referred to as 'recovery rebates' in Section 2201 of the act, but the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) calls them 'economic impact payments' (EIPs) in the notices it shares with the general public. To qualify for a full EIP, an individual's adjusted gross income (AGI) in 2019 cannot exceed $75,000 (or $150,000 for married couples filing jointly). The payment phases out for AGIs between $75,000 and $98,000 for single filers, and between $150,000 and $198,000 for joint filers."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Guenther, Gary L.
2020-05-26
