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Navy DDG-51 and DDG-1000 Destroyer Programs: Background and Issues for Congress [October 18, 2012]
"The Navy's FY2013 budget submission calls for procuring nine Arleigh Burke (DDG-51) class destroyers in FY2013-FY2017, in annual quantities of 2-1-2-2-2. The five DDG-51s scheduled for procurement in FY2013-FY2015, and one of the two scheduled for procurement in FY2016, are to be of the current Flight IIA design. The Navy wants to begin procuring a new version of the DDG-51 design, called the Flight III design, starting with the second of the two ships scheduled for procurement in FY2016. The two DDG-51s scheduled for procurement in FY2017 are also to be of the Flight III design. The Flight III design is to feature a new and more capable radar called the Air and Missile Defense Radar (AMDR). The Navy this year is requesting congressional approval to use a multiyear procurement (MYP) arrangement for the nine DDG-51s scheduled for procurement in FY2013-FY2017. The Navy's proposed FY2013 budget requests $3,048.6 million to complete the procurement funding for the two DDG-51s scheduled for procurement in FY2013. The Navy estimates the total procurement cost of these ships at $3,149.4 million, and the ships have received $100.7 million in prior-year advance procurement (AP) funding."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2012-10-18
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Navy Force Structure and Shipbuilding Plans: Background and Issues for Congress [December 10, 2012]
"The planned size of the Navy, the rate of Navy ship procurement, and the prospective affordability of the Navy's shipbuilding plans have been matters of concern for the congressional defense committees for the past several years. In February 2006, the Navy presented to Congress a goal of achieving and maintaining a fleet of 313 ships, consisting of certain types and quantities of ships. On March 28, 2012, the Department of Defense (DOD) submitted to Congress an FY2013 30-year (FY2013-FY2042) shipbuilding plan that includes a new goal for a fleet of about 310-316 ships. The Navy is conducting a force structure assessment, to be completed later this year, that could lead to a refinement of this 310- 316 ship plan. The Navy's proposed FY2013 budget requests funding for the procurement of 10 new battle force ships (i.e., ships that count against the 310-316 ship goal). The 10 ships include one Gerald R. Ford (CVN-78) class aircraft carrier, two Virginia-class attack submarines, two DDG-51 class Aegis destroyers, four Littoral Combat Ships (LCSs), and one Joint High Speed Vessel (JHSV). These ships are all funded through the Shipbuilding and Conversion, Navy (SCN) account."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2012-12-10
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Navy Force Structure and Shipbuilding Plans: Background and Issues for Congress [October 25, 2012]
"The planned size of the Navy, the rate of Navy ship procurement, and the prospective affordability of the Navy's shipbuilding plans have been matters of concern for the congressional defense committees for the past several years. In February 2006, the Navy presented to Congress a goal of achieving and maintaining a fleet of 313 ships, consisting of certain types and quantities of ships. On March 28, 2012, the Department of Defense (DOD) submitted to Congress an FY2013 30-year (FY2013-FY2042) shipbuilding plan that includes a new goal for a fleet of about 310-316 ships. The Navy is conducting a force structure assessment, to be completed later this year, that could lead to a refinement of this 310- 316-ship plan. The Navy's proposed FY2013 budget requests funding for the procurement of 10 new battle force ships (i.e., ships that count against the 310-316 ship goal). The 10 ships include one Gerald R. Ford (CVN-78) class aircraft carrier, two Virginia-class attack submarines, two DDG-51 class Aegis destroyers, four Littoral Combat Ships (LCSs), and one Joint High Speed Vessel (JHSV). These ships are all funded through the Shipbuilding and Conversion, Navy (SCN) account."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2012-10-25
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Navy Ford (CVN-78) Class Aircraft Carrier Program: Background and Issues for Congress [August 9, 2012]
"CVN-78, CVN-79, and CVN-80 are the first three ships in the Navy's new Gerald R. Ford (CVN- 78) class of nuclear-powered aircraft carriers (CVNs). CVN-78 was procured in FY2008. The Navy's proposed FY2013 budget estimates the ship's procurement cost at $12,323.2 million (i.e., about $12.3 billion) in then-year dollars. The ship received advance procurement funding in FY2001-FY2007 and was fully funded in FY2008- FY2011 using congressionally authorized four-year incremental funding. The Navy did not request any procurement funding for the ship in FY2012, and is not requesting any procurement funding for the ship in FY2013. The Navy plans to request $449 million in procurement funding in FY2014 and $362 million in procurement funding in FY2015 for the ship to cover $811 million in cost growth on the ship."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2012-08-09
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Navy DDG-51 and DDG-1000 Destroyer Programs: Background and Issue for Congress [April 3, 2012]
"Procurement of Arleigh Burke (DDG-51) class Aegis destroyers resumed in FY2010 [Fiscal Year 2010] after a four year hiatus. Congress funded the procurement of one DDG-51 in FY2010, two in FY2011, and one more in FY2012. The Navy's FY2012 budget submission calls for procuring seven more in FY2013-FY2016. DDG-51s to be procured through FY2015 are to be of the current Flight IIA design. The Navy wants to begin procuring a new version of the DDG-51 design, called the Flight III design, starting in FY2016. The Flight III design is to feature a new and more capable radar called the Air and Missile Defense Radar (AMDR). The Navy began preliminary design work on the Flight III DDG-51 in FY2012. The Navy wants to use a multiyear procurement (MYP) contract for DDG- 51s to be procured from FY2013 through FY2017. The Navy's proposed FY2012 budget requested $1,980.7 million in procurement funding for the DDG-51 planned for procurement in FY2012. This funding, together with $48.0 million in advance procurement funding provided in FY2011, would complete the ship's total estimated procurement cost of $2,028.7 million. The Navy's proposed FY2012 budget also requested $100.7 million in advance procurement funding for two DDG-51s planned for procurement in FY2013, $453.7 million in procurement funding to help complete procurement costs for the three Zumwalt (DDG-1000) class destroyers that were procured in FY2007 and FY2009, and $166.6 million in research and development funding for the AMDR. A Government Accountability Office (GAO) report released on January 24, 2012, discusses several potential oversight issues for Congress regarding the Navy's plans for procuring DDG- 51s, particularly the Flight III version. Some of these issues were first raised in this CRS [Congressional Research Service] report; the GAO report developed these issues at length and added some additional issues."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2012-04-03
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Navy Ford (CVN-78) Class Aircraft Carrier Program: Background and Issues for Congress [June 29, 2012]
"CVN-78, CVN-79, and CVN-80 are the first three ships in the Navy's new Gerald R. Ford (CVN- 78) class of nuclear-powered aircraft carriers (CVNs). CVN-78 was procured in FY2008. The Navy's proposed FY2013 budget estimates the ship's procurement cost at $12,323.2 million (i.e., about $12.3 billion) in then-year dollars. The ship received advance procurement funding in FY2001-FY2007 and was fully funded in FY2008- FY2011 using congressionally authorized four-year incremental funding. The Navy did not request any procurement funding for the ship in FY2012, and is not requesting any procurement funding for the ship in FY2013. The Navy plans to request $449 million in procurement funding in FY2014 and $362 million in procurement funding in FY2015 for the ship to cover $811 million in cost growth on the ship. […] Oversight issues for Congress for the CVN-78 program include the following: cost growth in the program; where the estimated procurement costs of CVNs 78, 79, and 80 now stand in relation to the legislated procurement cost caps for the ships, and whether the cost caps should be amended; whether to approve the Navy's request for using six-year incremental funding to procure CVN-79 and CVN-80; whether to procure CVN-79 and CVN-80 together in a two-ship block buy; and CVN-78 program issues that were raised in a December 2011 report from the Department of Defense's (DOD's) Director of Operational Test and Evaluation (DOT&E)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2012-06-29
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Navy DDG-1000 Destroyer Program: Background, Oversight Issues, and Options for Congress [February 27, 2008]
"The Navy is procuring a new kind of destroyer called the DDG-1000 (formerly the DD(X)). Navy plans call for procuring a total of seven DDG-1000s. The first two DDG-1000s were procured in FY2007 using split funding (i.e., incremental funding) across FY2007 and FY2008. The Navy estimates their combined procurement cost at $6,325 million. The Navy wants to procure the third DDG-1000 in FY2009; the Navy estimates its procurement cost at $2,653 million. The ship received $150 million in advance procurement funding in FY2008, and the Navy's proposed FY2009 budget requests the remaining $2,503 million. The Navy's proposed FY2009 budget also requests $51 million in advance procurement funding for the fourth DDG-51, which the Navy wants to procure in FY2010. The DDG-1000 program raises several potential oversight issues for Congress, including the accuracy of Navy cost estimates for the program, technical risk and system integration, the acquisition strategy for the third and subsequent ships in the program, the shared-production arrangement for the program, and the program's potential implications for the shipbuilding industrial base. Potential options for Congress for the DDG-1000 program include supporting the Navy's proposed plans, using a block-buy arrangement for procuring several DDG-1000s, and curtailing procurement of DDG-1000s, perhaps to help fund the procurement of other Navy ships. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2008-02-27
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Navy DDG-1000 (DD(X)) and CG (X) Ship Acquisition Programs: Oversight Issues and Options for Congress [April 5, 2007]
"The Navy is procuring a new kind of destroyer called the DDG-1000 (formerly DD(X)), and wants to procure a new kind of cruiser called the CG(X). Navy plans call for procuring 7 DDG-1000s and 19 CG(X)s between FY2007 and FY2023. The first two DDG-1000s were procured in FY2007. The Navy wants to procure the first CG(X) in FY2011 and the second in FY2013. The Navy's FY2008 budget requests $2,802 million in procurement funding to complete the Navy's estimated procurement cost for the first two DDG-1000s, which are being split-funded (i.e., incrementally funded) across FY2007 and FY2008. The Navy's combined estimated procurement cost for the two ships is $6,370 million. The two ships received $1,010 million in FY2005 and FY2006 advance procurement funding, and $2,557 million in FY2007 procurement funding. The Navy's FY2008 budget also requests $151 million in advance procurement funding for the third DDG-1000, whose procurement cost the Navy estimates at $2,563 million. The DDG-1000/CG(X) program raises several potential oversight issues for Congress, including the accuracy of Navy cost estimates for the program, the program's affordability and cost effectiveness, the acquisition strategy for the third and subsequent DDG-1000s, and the program's potential implications for the shipbuilding industrial base. Potential options for Congress for the DDG-1000/CG(X) program include supporting the Navy's proposed plans or curtailing the DDG-1000 and/or CG(X) programs and pursuing lower-cost alternatives to the DDG-1000 and/or CG(X) designs. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2007-04-05
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Navy Force Structure and Shipbuilding Plans: Background and Issues for Congress [February 15, 2008]
"In February 2006, as part of its FY2007 budget submission, the Navy proposed a future ship force structure of 313 ships, including, among other things, 14 ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs), 4 cruise missile submarines (SSGNs), 48 attack submarines (SSNs), 11 (and eventually 12) aircraft carriers, 88 cruisers and destroyers, 55 Littoral Combat Ships (LCSs), 31 amphibious ships, and a Maritime Prepositioning Force (Future), or MPF(F), squadron with 12 new-construction amphibious and sealift-type ships. The Navy reiterated this 313-ship force structure plan in February 2007 and February 2008 as part of its FY2008 and FY2009 budget submissions. […] Although types and numbers of ships to be procured in the FY2009-FY2038 30-year shipbuilding plan have not changed substantially from last year's (FY2008-FY2037) 30-year plan, the Navy appears to have increased its estimate of the average annual cost of the plan by about 40% in real (i.e., inflation-adjusted) terms. The Navy's new estimate, which is much closer to earlier Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates of the cost of the Navy's 30-year plan, substantially intensifies the question of the affordability and executibility of the Navy's 30-year plan. In addition, the Navy's new cost estimate, unlike last year's, does not include the cost of 12 new ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) that are included in the 30-year plan. Including the cost of these 12 SSBNs could increase the average annual cost of the 30-year plan by about $1.3 billion to $2.5 billion per year. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2008-02-15
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NATO Enlargement: Senate Advice and Consent [February 5, 2008]
"On July 21, 1949, the Senate gave its advice and consent to ratification of the North Atlantic Treaty. That treaty bound twelve states -- the United States, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, and Great Britain -- in a pact of mutual defense and created the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). NATO now has a membership of twenty-six states. This enlargement has occurred gradually -- Greece and Turkey joined in 1952; the Federal Republic of Germany in 1955; Spain in 1982; Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic in 1998; and Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia in 2004. Albania, Croatia, and Macedonia are candidates for the next round of NATO enlargement, and one or more of these countries may be invited to join NATO at the April 2008 summit in Bucharest. […] This report describes the provisions of the North Atlantic Treaty and of the original Senate debate in 1949 pertinent to enlargement and the procedures that have been followed for each subsequent enlargement proposal. It also discusses what the Senate did with respect to the reunification of Germany in 1990 and the implications of that event for Germany's membership in NATO. The report will be updated as needed."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Garcia, Michael John
2008-02-05
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Navy Ford (CVN-78) Class (CVN-21) Aircraft Program: Background and Issues for Congress [March 12, 2008]
"The Navy's proposed FY2009 budget requests $2,712 million in procurement funding for CVN-78, the first ship in the Gerald R. Ford (CVN-78) class of aircraft carriers, which was earlier known as the CVN-21 class. Although CVN-78 was procured in FY2008, the Navy's budget includes procurement funding for the ship in FY2009, FY2010, and FY2011. The Navy's proposed FY2008 budget also requests $1,214 million in advance procurement funding for CVN-79, the second ship in the class, which the Navy wants to procure in FY2012. The Navy's estimated procurement costs for CVN-78 and CVN-79 are about $10.5 billion and $9.2 billion, respectively. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2008-03-12
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NATO Common Funds Burdensharing: Background and Current Issues [April 22, 2010]
"Member states of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) contribute to the activities of the alliance in several ways, the chief of which is through the deployment of their own armed forces, funded by their national budgets. Certain commonly conducted activities, however, are paid for out of three NATO-run budgets. These three accounts--the civil budget, the military budget, and the security investment program--are funded by individual contributions from the member states. The countries' percentage shares of the common funds are negotiated among the members, and are based upon per capita gross national income and several other factors. The U.S. shares for the three funds, which have fallen over the past three decades, currently range from about 22%-25%. Twelve central and eastern European nations were admitted into the alliance in 1999, 2004, and 2009. As NATO has expanded, it has incurred certain additional costs to accommodate the new members. These costs are being shared by all, including the new countries. In 2005, members of the alliance adopted new burdensharing arrangements; the U.S. level, however, was limited to its current share. Additional changes in the cost share formulas are under review. Congress will likely examine U.S. contributions to the NATO budgets in the context of the Defense and State Departments' appropriations."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Ek, Carl
2010-04-22
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NATO Enlargement [Updated February 13, 2003]
"This report provides a brief summary of the last round of NATO enlargement, then analyzes recent events. The report analyzes the key military and political issues that affect the current debate over seven prospective members named at NATO's Prague summit. It then provides an overview of the positions of the allies and of Russia on enlargement, citing the important potential effects of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, on the United States. It concludes with a discussion of recent legislation on enlargement. This report will be updated as needed."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Gallis, Paul E.
2003-02-13
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NATO Enlargement [Updated November 4, 2002]
"This report provides a brief summary of the last round of NATO enlargement, then sketches recent events culminating in preparations for the NATO summit in Prague on November 21-22, 2002. The report analyzes the key military and political issues that affect the current debate over 9 candidate states. It then provides an overview of the positions of the allies and of Russia on enlargement, citing the important potential effects of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, on the United States. It concludes with a discussion of current legislation on enlargement before Congress. This report will be updated, as needed."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Gallis, Paul E.
2002-11-04
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Potential Challenges to U.S. Farm Subsidies in the WTO: A Brief Overview [October 25, 2006]
"Expiration of the WTO's [World Trade Organization] so-called Peace Clause on January 1, 2004, appears to have made U.S. export and domestic support programs more vulnerable to legal challenge under WTO rules. This report examines U.S. commodity subsidy programs against an emerging set of criteria that test their potential vulnerability. The criteria are whether the subsidies cause adverse effects contributing to serious prejudice under the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM), Articles 5 and 6.3. When measured against these criteria, available evidence suggests that all major U.S. program crops, particularly crops receiving benefits under both the counter-cyclical payments program and marketing loan provisions (i.e., corn, soybeans, wheat, rice, cotton, peanuts, barley, sorghum, oats, and minor oilseeds), are potentially vulnerable to dispute settlement challenges. If such challenges occur and are successful, the WTO remedy likely would imply either elimination, alteration, or amendment by Congress of the programs in question to remove their adverse effects. Alternately, in light of an adverse ruling the United States could choose to make compensatory payments (under agreement with the challenging country) to offset the alleged injury. In spite of U.S. vulnerability, there are reasons why challenges may rarely be filed. Disputes are economically and diplomatically costly, and a lost challenge can help to legitimize the disputed program. This report, which will not be updated, is an abridged version of CRS [Congressional Research Service] Report RL33697, 'Potential Challenges to U.S. Farm Subsidies in the WTO'. Citations to sources appear in that report."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Womach, Jasper
2006-10-25
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NATO Enlargement [Updated December 17, 2002]
"This report provides a brief summary of the last round of NATO enlargement, then sketches recent events culminating in the NATO summit in Prague on November 21-22, 2002. The report analyzes the key military and political issues that affect the current debate over seven prospective members named at Prague. It then provides an overview of the positions of the allies and of Russia on enlargement, citing the important potential effects of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, on the United States. It concludes with a discussion of current legislation on enlargement before Congress. This report will be updated as needed."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Gallis, Paul E.
2002-12-17
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NATO Enlargement [Updated January 16, 2003]
"This report provides a brief summary of the last round of NATO enlargement, then sketches recent events culminating in the NATO summit in Prague on November 21-22, 2002. The report analyzes the key military and political issues that affect the current debate over seven prospective members named at Prague. It then provides an overview of the positions of the allies and of Russia on enlargement, citing the important potential effects of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, on the United States. It concludes with a discussion of current legislation on enlargement before Congress. This report will be updated as needed."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Gallis, Paul E.
2003-01-16
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NATO Enlargement [Updated March 28, 2003]
"This report provides a brief summary of the last round of NATO enlargement, then analyzes recent events. The report analyzes the key military and political issues that affect the current debate over seven prospective members named at NATO's Prague summit. It then provides an overview of the positions of the allies and of Russia on enlargement, citing the important potential effects of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, on the United States. It concludes with a discussion of recent legislation on enlargement. This report will be updated as needed."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Gallis, Paul E.
2003-03-28
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NATO Enlargement [Updated May 16, 2002]
"This report provides a brief summary of the last round of NATO enlargement, then sketches recent events culminating in the alliance's June 2001 endorsement of the admission of at least one new member at the NATO summit in Prague in 2002. The report analyzes the key military and political issues that affect the current debate over 9 candidate states. It then provides an overview of the positions of the allies and of Russia on enlargement, citing the important potential effects of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, on the United States. It concludes with a discussion of current legislation on enlargement before Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Gallis, Paul E.
2002-05-16
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NATO Enlargement [Updated March 11, 2002]
"This report provides a brief summary of the last round of NATO enlargement, then sketches recent events culminating in the alliance's June 2001 endorsement of the admission of at least one new member at the NATO summit in Prague in 2002. The report analyzes the key military and political issues that affect the current debate over 9 candidate states. It then provides an overview of the positions of the allies and of Russia on enlargement, citing the important potential effects of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, on the United States. It concludes with a discussion of current legislation on enlargement before Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Gallis, Paul E.
2002-03-11
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Navy Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) Program: Background and Issues for Congress [July 2, 2013]
"This report provides background information and issues for Congress on the Aegis ballistic missile defense (BMD) program, which is carried out by the Missile Defense Agency (MDA) and the Navy, and gives Navy Aegis cruisers and destroyers a capability for conducting BMD operations. Congress's decisions on the Aegis BMD program could significantly affect U.S. BMD capabilities and funding requirements, and the BMD-related industrial base."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2013-07-02
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Navy Force Structure and Shipbuilding Plans: Background and Issues for Congress [July 3, 2013]
"This report provides background information and presents potential issues for Congress concerning the Navy's ship force-structure goals and shipbuilding plans. The planned size of the Navy, the rate of Navy ship procurement, and the prospective affordability of the Navy's shipbuilding plans have been matters of concern for the congressional defense committees for the past several years. Decisions that Congress makes on Navy shipbuilding programs can substantially affect Navy capabilities and funding requirements, and the U.S. shipbuilding industrial base."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2013-07-03
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U.S. Farm Economy [Updated April 17, 2008]
"According to USDA's Economic Research Service (ERS), national net farm income -- a key indicator of U.S. farm well-being -- is expected to rise to a record $92.3 billion in 2008, over 4% above the previous year's record ($88.7 billion) on the strength of higher commodity prices, which are being driven by the outlook for continued strong domestic and international demand and sharply lower stocks for major grains and oilseeds.1 Consequently, the outlook for the U.S. farm economy as a whole is for another year of record profitability as projected record agricultural cash receipts of $313.2 billion (up $28 billion or 10%) more than offset record high production expenses of $279.2 billion. Government payments are projected up over 11% in 2008 at $13.7 billion. An increase in ad hoc and emergency program payments are expected to more than offset sharp declines in commodity program payments due to the projected rise in crop prices which, in turn, are expected to reduce price-triggered marketing loan benefits and counter-cyclical payments. Total farm asset value of $2,514 billion and total farm debt of $228 billion are both projected at record levels in 2007. However, the debt-to-asset ratio of 9.1% is down sharply from last year's value of 9.9% and represents the lowest level since 1960, suggesting a strong financial position for the agricultural sector as a whole. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Schnepf, Randall Dean, 1954-
2008-04-17
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U.S. Farm Economy [Updated September 4, 2007]
"According to USDA's Economic Research Service (ERS), national net farm income -- a key indicator of U.S. farm well-being -- is expected to rise nearly 48% in 2007 on the strength of higher commodity prices, which, in turn, are being driven largely by the rapidly growing demand for corn as a feedstock in ethanol production.1 Net farm income is forecast at $87.1 billion, up from $59 billion in 2006, as projected record agricultural cash receipts of $276.4 billion (up $37.1 billion or 16%) more than offset record high production expenses (up $249.9 billion or 7%) and a decline of over $2 billion in government payments. Crop and livestock receipts are both projected to reach record levels in 2007 of $136.2 billion and $140.2 billion, respectively. Higher prices are behind the surge in both crop and livestock receipts. The projected rise in crop prices is expected to reduce price-triggered marketing loan benefits and counter-cyclical payments, leading to lower total government payments. Total farm asset value of $2,223 billion and total farm debt of $214 billion are both projected at record levels in 2007. However, the debt-to-asset ratio of 9.6% is down sharply from last year's value of 10.5% and represents the lowest level since 1960, suggesting a strong financial position for the agricultural sector as a whole. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Schnepf, Randall Dean, 1954-
2007-09-04
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U.S. Farm Economy [Updated September 2, 2008]
"According to USDA's Economic Research Service (ERS), national net farm income -- a key indicator of U.S. farm well-being -- is expected to rise to a record $95.7 billion in 2008, over 10% above the previous year's record ($86.8 billion) on the strength of higher commodity prices, which are being driven by the outlook for continued strong domestic and international demand and sharply lower stocks for major grains and oilseeds. Consequently, the outlook for the U.S. farm economy as a whole is for another year of record profitability as projected record agricultural cash receipts of $335.8 billion (up $51 billion or 18%) more than offset a $40.4 billion jump in production expenses to a record high of $294.8 billion. Government payments are projected up slightly in 2008 at $13.2 billion. An increase in ad hoc and emergency program payments are expected to more than offset declines in commodity program payments due to the projected rise in crop prices which, in turn, are expected to reduce price-triggered marketing loan benefits and counter-cyclical payments. Total farm asset value of $2,359 billion and total farm debt of $212 billion are both projected at record levels in 2008. However, the debt-to-asset ratio of 9.0% is down sharply from last year's value of 9.6% and represents the lowest level since 1960, suggesting a strong financial position for the agricultural sector as a whole. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Schnepf, Randall Dean, 1954-
2008-09-02
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U.S. Farm Economy [Updated May 31, 2007]
"According to USDA's [United States Department of Agriculture] Economic Research Service (ERS), national net farm income -- a key indicator of U.S. farm well-being -- is expected to rise 10% in 2007 on the strength of higher commodity prices, which, in turn, are being driven largely by the rapidly growing demand for corn as a feedstock in ethanol production. Net farm income is forecast at $66.6 billion, up from $60.6 billion in 2006, as projected record agricultural cash receipts of $258.7 billion (up $16 billion) more than offset higher production expenses and a decline of nearly $4 billion in government payments. Crop and livestock receipts are both projected to reach record levels in 2007 of $133.5 billion and $125.2 billion, respectively. While higher prices are behind the surge in crop receipts, mostly steady prices and larger output account for the livestock sector's increased value. The projected rise in crop prices is expected to reduce price-triggered marketing loan benefits and counter-cyclical payments, leading to lower total government payments. In addition, the rise in cash receipts is expected to be partially offset by record high production expenses of $251.3 billion (up nearly 6%). Total farm asset value of $1,994 billion and total farm debt of $235 billion are both projected at record levels in 2007. However, the debt-to-asset ratio of 11.8% equals last year's value and represents the lowest level since 1960, suggesting a strong financial position for the agricultural sector as a whole. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Schnepf, Randall Dean, 1954-
2007-05-31
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U.S. Farm Economy [Updated February 21, 2007]
"According to USDA's [United States Department of Agriculture] Economic Research Service (ERS), national net farm income -- a key indicator of U.S. farm well-being -- is expected to rise 10% in 2007 on the strength of higher commodity prices, which, in turn, are being driven largely by the rapidly growing demand for corn as a feedstock in ethanol production.1 Net farm income is forecast at $66.6 billion, up from $60.6 billion in 2006, as projected record agricultural cash receipts of $258.7 billion (up $16 billion) more than offset higher production expenses and a decline of nearly $4 billion in government payments. Crop and livestock receipts are both projected to reach record levels in 2007 of $133.5 billion and $125.2 billion, respectively. While higher prices are behind the surge in crop receipts, mostly steady prices and larger output account for the livestock sector's increased value. The projected rise in crop prices is expected to reduce price-triggered marketing loan benefits and counter-cyclical payments, leading to lower total government payments. In addition, the rise in cash receipts is expected to be partially offset by record high production expenses of $251.3 billion (up nearly 6%). Total farm asset value of $1,994 billion and total farm debt of $235 billion are both projected at record levels in 2007. However, the debt-to-asset ratio of 11.8% equals last year's value and represents the lowest level since 1960, suggesting a strong financial position for the agricultural sector as a whole. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Schnepf, Randall Dean, 1954-
2007-02-21
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U.S. Farm Economy [Updated September 6, 2006]
"According to USDA's Economic Research Service (ERS), national net farm income -- a key indicator of U.S. farm well-being -- is expected to experience a decline in 2006 following three years of robust receipts and income. Net farm income is forecast to decline by $19.4 billion (or 26%) to $54.4 billion in 2006 due to declines in cash receipts (down $3.6 billion) and government payments (down $6.1 billion) combined with a sharp rise in production expenses (up $9.5 billion). Crop receipts are projected to reach a record high in 2006, despite a smaller crop outlook, on the strength of higher prices. However, gains in crop receipts are expected to be more than offset by sharply lower livestock receipts due to weaker hog, broiler, and dairy prices. The projected rises in crop prices are expected to reduce price-triggered marketing loan benefits, leading to lower total government payments. Finally, energy, fertilizer, and pesticide costs, as well as interest charges, are expected to rise significantly in 2006, cutting into net farm returns. Farm asset value of $1,919 billion and total farm debt of $217 billion are both projected at record levels in 2006. However, the debt-to-asset ratio of 11.3% represents a fourth consecutive year of decline (and the lowest level since 1960), suggesting a strong financial position for the agricultural sector as a whole. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Schnepf, Randall Dean, 1954-
2006-09-06
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Navy DDG-51 and DDG-1000 Destroyer Programs: Background and Issues for Congress [March 2, 2012]
"This report presents background information and potential oversight issues for Congress on the Navy's Arleigh Burke (DDG-51) [Guided Missile Destroyer] and Zumwalt (DDG-1000) class destroyer programs. The Navy's proposed FY [Fiscal Year] 2013 budget requests funding for the procurement of two DDG-51s. The Navy this year is also requesting congressional approval to use a multiyear procurement (MYP) arrangement for the nine DDG-51s scheduled for procurement in FY2013-FY2017. Decisions that Congress makes concerning these programs could substantially affect Navy capabilities and funding requirements, and the U.S. shipbuilding industrial base."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2012-03-02
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Navy DDG-1000 (DD(X)), CG(X), and LCS Ship Acquisition Programs: Oversight Issues and Options for Congress [July 26, 2006]
"The Navy wants to procure three new classes of surface combatants -- the DDG-1000 (formerly DD(X)) destroyer, the CG(X) cruiser, and a smaller surface combatant called the Littoral Combat Ship (LCS). The Navy wants to procure 7 DDG-1000s, 19 CG(X)s, and 55 LCSs. The first two DDG-1000s are to be procured in FY2007, with each ship being split-funded (i.e., incrementally funded) across FY2007 and FY2008. The estimated cost of each ship is $3,291 million, for a total of $6,582 million. The FY2007 budget requests $2,568 million in procurement funding for the two ships. The Navy estimates that the next three DDG-1000s will cost an average of roughly $2.5 billion each. The Navy wants to procure the first CG(X) in FY2011. The first LCS was procured in FY2005, three more were procured in FY2006, and the Navy's proposed FY2007 budget requests $521 million to procure two additional ships. The Navy's FY2007 unfunded requirements list (URL) -- its 'wish list' of items desired but not included in the FY2007 budget -- includes an additional two LCSs for an additional $520 million. […] The Senate Appropriations Committee, in its report (S.Rept. 109-292 of July 25, 2006) on H.R. 5631, recommends approving the Navy's request for FY2007 procurement funding for the first two DDG-1000s (page 115), and increasing the Navy's request for FY2007 DDG-1000 research and development funding by a net $1 million (pages 179 and 186). The report recommends funding the procurement of one LCS (rather than the requested two) in FY2007, and rescinding funding (in Section 8043) for one of the three LCSs procured in FY2006 (pages 114, 115-116, and 230-231). The report recommends increasing the FY2007 request for LCS [Littoral Combat Ship] research and development funding by $1.8 million (pages 177 and 185). This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2006-07-26
