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Budget Control Act of 2011: Budgetary Effects of Proposals to Replace the FY2013 Sequester [November 9, 2012]
"The Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA; P.L. 112-25) provided for an increase in the statutory limit on the public debt in conjunction with a variety of measures to reduce the budget deficit. Included in these measures was the creation of a Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction, which was tasked to develop and submit a plan to Congress containing deficit reduction to total at least $1.2 trillion over the FY2012-FY2021 period. However, because the committee did not report out recommendations, the BCA's automatic spending reduction process was triggered. This process, set to begin on January 2, 2013, would reduce federal outlays over the next decade unless legislation is enacted to prevent it. [] On September 13, the House passed the National Security and Job Protection Act (H.R. 6365), introduced by Representative Allen West, by a vote of 223-196. The act cancels the FY2013 sequester on discretionary defense, discretionary non-defense, and mandatory defense contingent upon enactment of H.R. 5652, or an alternative measure that would achieve outlay reductions equal to those to be achieved by the FY2013 sequester in those categories. This legislation was determined by CBO [Congressional Budget Office] to not have a budgetary impact. In addition to the measures proposed above to replace the BCA's automatic spending cuts, President Obama signed into law the Sequestration Transparency Act of 2012 (H.R. 5872) on August 7, 2012. This legislation requires OMB [Office of Management and Budget], in consultation with the House and Senate Appropriations Committees, to submit a detailed report within 30 days of enactment containing information on how the BCA's FY2013 automatic spending reductions will affect each nonexempt program, project, and activity. The STA report was released on September 14, 2012."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Levit, Mindy R.
2012-11-09
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Hurricane Sandy and the 2012 Election: Fact Sheet [November 6, 2012]
"Questions have arisen about what actions might be taken by the federal government to respond to the possible impacts of Hurricane Sandy on the November 6 election in affected states. Since 1860, several federal primary elections or local elections have been postponed following catastrophic events, and on at least three occasions in the last 20 years, the federal government has provided funding or assistance to state or local governments engaged in conducting such elections. Those were primary elections affected by Hurricane Andrew in Florida (1992), the terrorist attacks in New York (2001), and Hurricane Katrina in Louisiana (2005). Although none of the events affected general elections, they may be instructive with respect to response to problems created by Hurricane Sandy. According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), 16 states plus the District of Columbia received impacts from Hurricane Sandy. In several cases, election-related activities have been or are likely to be affected. Impacts and responses include (1) suspension, and subsequent extension, of early voting hours, (2) loss of regular polling places from damage, destruction, or power outages, (3) extension of voter registration deadlines, (4) extension of deadlines for accepting absentee ballots, (5) expanded use of provisional ballots and ballots submitted by e-mail and fax, and (6) use of alternative polling places, including U.S. military resources."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Fischer, Eric A.; Coleman, Kevin J.
2012-11-06
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Committee Types and Roles [February 11, 2011]
"Congress divides its legislative, oversight, and internal administrative tasks among more than 200 committees and subcommittees. Within assigned areas, these functional subunits gather information; compare and evaluate legislative alternatives; identify policy problems and propose solutions; select, determine, and report measures for full chamber consideration; monitor executive branch performance (oversight); and investigate allegations of wrongdoing. The 1946 Legislative Reorganization Act (60 Stat. 812) sets the framework for the modern committee system. The act organized the Senate and House committees along roughly parallel lines, but divergences have emerged over time. Within the guidelines of chamber rules, each committee adopts its own rules addressing organizational, structural, and procedural issues. As a consequence, there is considerable variation among panels and across chambers. At the beginning of the 112th Congress, there were 20 standing committees in the House with 103 subcommittees, and one select committee. The Senate has 16 standing committees with 74 subcommittees, as well as four select or special committees. In addition, there are four joint committees."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Heitshusen, Valerie
2011-02-11
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China-U.S. Trade Issues [December 27, 2010]
"The rapid pace of economic integration between China and the United States, while benefiting both sides overall, has made the trade relationship increasingly complex. On the one hand, China's large population and booming economy have made it a large and growing market for U.S. exporters. Over the past decade, China has been the fastest-growing market for U.S. exports. U.S. imports of low-cost goods from China greatly benefit U.S. consumers by increasing their purchasing power. U.S. firms that use China as the final point of assembly for their products, or use Chinese-made inputs for production in the United States, are able to lower costs and become more globally competitive. China's purchases of U.S. Treasury securities (which stood at $907 billion in October 2010) help keep U.S. interest rates relatively low. On the other hand, many analysts argue that growing economic ties with China has exposed U.S. manufacturing firms to greater and what is often perceived to be, 'unfair' competition from low-cost Chinese firms. They argue that this has induced many U.S. production facilities to re-locate to China, resulting in the loss of thousands of U.S. manufacturing jobs. Some policymakers have also raised concerns that China's large holdings of U.S. government debt (which stood at $907 billion as of October 2010) may give China leverage over the United States."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Morrison, Wayne M.
2010-12-27
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China-U.S. Trade Issues [Updated March 3, 2005]
"The continued rise in the U.S.-China trade imbalance, complaints from several U.S. manufacturing firms over the competitive challenges posed by cheap Chinese imports, and concerns that U.S. manufacturing jobs are being lost to Chinese competitors have led several Members to call on the Bush Administration to take a more aggressive stance against certain Chinese trade policies deemed to be unfair. For example, some Members argue that China's policy of pegging its currency (the yuan) to the U.S. dollar makes U.S. exports to China more expensive, and U.S. imports from China cheaper, than they would be if the yuan were fully convertible. Eleven bills on this issue were introduced during the 108th Congress. In the 109th Congress, S.14 (Stabenow) and S. 295 (Schumer) would raise U.S. tariffs on Chinese goods by an additional 27.5% unless China appreciated its currency. In addition, some industry representatives have called on the Administration to utilize special safeguard provisions to restrict imports from China that threaten to harm U.S. firms."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Morrison, Wayne M.
2005-03-03
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China-U.S. Trade Issues [Updated May 16, 2006]
"U.S.-China economic ties have expanded substantially over the past several years. Total U.S.-China trade, which totaled only $5 billion in 1980, rose to $285 billion in 2005. China is now the third largest U.S. trading partner, its second largest source of imports, and its fourth largest export market. With a huge population and a rapidly expanding economy, China is becoming a large market for U.S. exporters. Yet, U.S.-China commercial ties have been strained by a number of issues, including a surging U.S. trade deficit with China (which totaled $202 billion in 2005), China's refusal to float its currency, and lax protection of U.S. intellectual property rights (IPR). […] China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, and U.S. officials continue to closely monitor China's compliance with its WTO commitments. A major concern to U.S. policymakers regarding China's WTO commitments has been its failure to implement an effective strategy to combat widespread IPR piracy in China. Although China has enacted a number of strict IPR laws and regulations, U.S. firms charge that enforcement is lax and ineffective and costs U.S. firms billions of dollars in lost sales annually. On October 26, 2005, the United States initiated a special process under WTO rules to obtain detailed information on China's IPR enforcement efforts. If China fails to comply with this request, the United States might choose to bring a dispute resolution case against it in the WTO. In addition, on March 30, 2006, the United States initiated a WTO case against China over its discriminatory tax treatment of imported auto parts."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Morrison, Wayne M.
2006-05-16
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China-U.S. Trade Issues [Updated November 3, 2004]
"The continued rise in the U.S.-China trade imbalance, complaints from several U.S. manufacturing firms over the competitive challenges posed by cheap Chinese imports, and concerns that U.S. manufacturing jobs are being lost to Chinese competitors have led several Members to call on the Bush Administration to take a more aggressive stance against certain Chinese trade policies. For example, some Members argue that China's policy of pegging its currency (the yuan) to the U.S. dollar makes U.S. exports to China more expensive, and U.S. imports from China cheaper, than they would be if the yuan were fully convertible. Several bills have been introduced in Congress to address China's 'currency manipulation.' In addition, some industry representatives have called on the Administration to utilize special safeguard provisions to restrict imports from China that threaten to harm U.S. firms."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Morrison, Wayne M.
2004-11-03
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China and the Global Financial Crisis: Implications for the United States [June 3, 2009]
"Over the past several years, China has enjoyed one of the world's fastest growing economies and has been a major contributor to world economic growth. However, the current global financial crisis threatens to significantly slow China's economy. Several Chinese industries, particularly the export sector, have been hit hard by crisis, and millions of workers have reportedly been laid off. This situation is of great concern to the Chinese government, which views rapid economic growth as critical to maintaining social stability. China is a major economic power and holds huge amounts of foreign exchange reserves, and thus its policies could have a major impact on the global economy. For example, the Chinese government in November 2008 announced plans to implement a $586 billion package to help stimulate the domestic economy. If successful, this plan could also boost Chinese demand for imports. In addition, in an effort to help stabilize the U.S. economy, China might boost its holdings of U.S. Treasury securities, which would help fund the Federal Government's borrowing needs to purchase troubled U.S. assets and to finance economic stimulus packages. However, some U.S. policymakers have expressed concerns over the potential political and economic implications of China's large and growing holdings of U.S. Government debt securities. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Morrison, Wayne M.
2009-06-03
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Issues in Homeland Security Policy for the 113th Congress [February 27, 2013]
"This report outlines an array of homeland security issues that may come before the 113th Congress. After a brief discussion of the overall homeland security budget, the report divides the specific issues into five broad categories: [1] Counterterrorism and Security Management, [2] Border Security and Trade, [3] Immigration, [4] Disaster Preparedness, Response, and Recovery, and [5] Departmental Management. Each of those areas contains a survey of topics briefly analyzed by Congressional Research Service [CRS] experts. The information included only scratches the surface on most of these issues. More detailed information can be obtained by consulting the CRS reports referenced herein, or by contacting the relevant CRS expert."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Painter, William L.
2013-03-01
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Gun Control Proposals in the 113th Congress: Universal Background Checks, Gun Trafficking, and Military Style Firearms [March 1, 2013]
"Congress has debated the efficacy and constitutionality of federal regulation of firearms and ammunition, with strong advocates arguing for and against greater gun control. The mass shooting in Newtown, CT, along with other mass shootings in Aurora, CO, and Tucson, AZ, has restarted the national gun control debate. Members of the 113th Congress could consider a range of legislative proposals, including several that President Barack Obama has announced his support for as part of his national gun violence reduction plan. The most salient of the President's legislative proposals would (1) require background checks for intrastate firearms transfers between unlicensed persons at gun shows and nearly any other venue, otherwise known as the 'universal background checks' proposal; (2) increase penalties for gun trafficking; and (3) reinstate and strengthen an expired federal ban on detachable ammunition magazines of over 10- round capacity and certain 'military style' firearms commonly described as 'semiautomatic assault weapons,' which are designed to accept such magazines. This report examines these proposals and provides an overview of federal firearms law."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Krouse, William J.
2013-03-01
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China-U.S. Trade Issues [Updated October 3, 2003]
"U.S.-China economic ties have expanded substantially over the past several years. Total U.S.-China trade rose from $5 billion in 1980 to $147 billion in 2002. China is now the fourth-largest U.S. trading partner. With a huge population and a rapidly expanding economy, China is a potentially huge market for U.S. exporters. Yet, U.S.-China commercial relations have been strained by a number of issues, including a surging U.S. trade deficit with China ($103.1 billion in 2002), China's restrictive trade and investment practices, and its failure to provide adequate protection for U.S. intellectual property rights (IPR). […]The continued rise in the U.S.-China trade imbalance, complaints from several U.S. manufacturing firms over the competitive challenges posed by cheap Chinese imports, and concerns that U.S. manufacturing jobs are being lost to Chinese competitors have led several Members to call on the Bush Administration to take a more aggressive stance against certain Chinese trade policies. For example, some Members argue that China's policy of pegging its currency (the yuan) to the U.S. dollar makes U.S. exports to China more expensive, and U.S. imports from China cheaper, than they would be if the yuan were fully convertible. Several bills have been introduced to address China's 'currency manipulation' including H. Con. Res. 285, H.R. 3058, S. Res. 219, S. 1586, and S. 1592."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Morrison, Wayne M.
2003-10-03
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China-U.S. Trade Issues [Updated September 3, 2003]
"U.S.-China economic ties have expanded substantially over the past several years. Total U.S.-China trade rose from $5 billion in 1980 to $147 billion in 2002. China is now the fourth-largest U.S. trading partner. With a huge population and a rapidly expanding economy, China is a potentially huge market for U.S. exporters. Yet, U.S.-China commercial relations have been strained by a number of issues, including a surging U.S. trade deficit with China ($103.1 billion in 2002), China's restrictive trade and investment practices, and its failure to provide adequate protection for U.S. intellectual property rights (IPR). […] The continued rise in the U.S.-China trade imbalance, complaints from several U.S. manufacturing firms over the competitive challenges posed by cheap Chinese imports, and concerns that U.S. manufacturing jobs are being lost to Chinese competitors or from U.S. firms relocating production facilities to China, have led several Members to call on the Bush Administration to take a more aggressive stance against certain Chinese trade policies. For example, some Members have called on the Administration to pressure China to appreciate its currency, which is currently pegged to the U.S. dollar (thus making China's exports more expensive and its imports cheaper). Other Members want the Administration to utilize special safeguard provisions to restrict imports of certain Chinese products which are viewed as harming U.S. producers and jobs, particularly the U.S. textile industry."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Morrison, Wayne M.
2003-09-03
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China-U.S. Trade Issues [Updated August 4, 2003]
"U.S.-China economic ties have expanded substantially over the past several years. Total U.S.-China trade rose from $5 billion in 1980 to $147 billion in 2002. China is now the fourth-largest U.S. trading partner. With a huge population and a rapidly expanding economy, China is a potentially huge market for U.S. exporters. Yet, U.S.-China commercial relations have been strained by a number of issues, including a surging U.S. trade deficit with China ($102.3 billion in 2002), China's restrictive trade and investment practices, and its failure to provide adequate protection for U.S. intellectual property rights (IPR). […] The continued rise in the U.S.-China trade imbalance has led several Members to call on China to either appreciate its currency or to make it fully convertible (currently, China's currency is pegged to the U.S. dollar)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Morrison, Wayne M.
2003-08-04
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China-U.S. Trade Issues [Updated May 16, 2003]
"U.S.-China economic ties have expanded substantially over the past several years. Total U.S.-China trade rose from $5 billion in 1980 to $147 billion in 2002. China is now the fourth-largest U.S. trading partner. With a huge population and a rapidly expanding economy, China is a potentially huge market for U.S. exporters. Yet, U.S.-China commercial relations have been strained by a number of issues, including a surging U.S. trade deficit with China ($102.3 billion in 2002), China's restrictive trade and investment practices, and its failure to provide adequate protection for U.S. intellectual property rights (IPR). […] Many Members of Congress have called on the Bush Administration to closely monitor China's compliance with its WTO [World Trade Organization] commitments. In December 2002, the USTR [U.S. Trade Representative] issued its first annual China WTO compliance report, finding that, although China had made significant progress in meeting its WTO obligations, a number of major problems remained, especially in regards to agriculture, services, IPR protection, and transparency of trade laws and regulations."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Morrison, Wayne M.
2003-05-16
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China-U.S. Trade Issues [Updated January 3, 2003]
"U.S.-China economic ties have expanded substantially over the past several years. Total U.S.-China trade rose from $5 billion in 1980 to $147 billion in 2002. China is now the fourth-largest U.S. trading partner. Yet, U.S.-China commercial relations have been strained by a number of issues, including a surging U.S. trade deficit with China (which likely exceeded $98 billion in 2002), China's restrictive trade and investment practices, and its failure to provide adequate protection for U.S. intellectual property rights (IPR). […] Many Members of Congress have called on the Bush Administration to closely monitor China's compliance with its WTO [World Trade Organization] commitments. In December 2002, the USTR [U.S. Trade Representative] issued its first annual China WTO compliance report, finding that, although China had made significant progress in meeting its WTO obligations, a number of major problems remained, especially in regards to agriculture, services, IPR protection, and transparency of trade laws and regulations."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Morrison, Wayne M.
2003-01-03
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India-U.S. Relations [Updated April 6, 2006]
"The end of the Cold War freed India-U.S. relations from the constraints of global bipolarity, but interactions continued for a decade to be affected by the burden of history, most notably the longstanding India-Pakistan rivalry and nuclear weapons proliferation in the region. Recent years, however, have witnessed a sea change in bilateral relations, with more positive interactions becoming the norm. India's swift offer of full support for U.S.-led counterterrorism operations after September 2001 was widely viewed as reflective of such change. Today, President Bush calls India a 'natural partner' of the United States and his Administration seeks to assist India's rise as a major power in the new century.:
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kronstadt, K. Alan
2006-04-06
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European Union: Questions and Answers [March 4, 2013]
"The European Union (EU) is a political and economic partnership that represents a unique form of cooperation among sovereign countries. The Union is the latest stage in a process of integration begun after World War II, initially by six Western European countries, to foster interdependence and make another war in Europe unthinkable. Today, the EU is composed of 27 member states, including most of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, and has helped to promote peace, stability, and economic prosperity throughout the European continent. [...] This report serves as a primer on the EU and provides a brief description of U.S.-EU relations that may be of interest in the 113th Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Archick, Kristin
2013-03-04
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DOD Alternative Fuels: Policy, Initiatives and Legislative Activity [February 11, 2013]
"This report provides background information and identifies issues for Congress regarding Department of Defense (DOD) alternative fuel initiatives, a subject of debate at congressional hearings on DOD's proposed FY2013 budget. The services (the Army, Navy, and Air Force) have spent approximately $48 million to purchase alternative fuels, and the Navy has proposed a $170 million investment in biofuel production capacity. The services have also spent funds on testing, certification and demonstrations of alternative fuels. By comparison, DOD purchases of petroleum fuels totaled approximately $17.3 billion in FY2011."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Blakeley, Katherine
2013-02-11
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Same-Sex Marriage and the Supreme Court: 'United States v. Windsor' and 'Hollingsworth v. Perry'
"Recently, the Supreme Court agreed to weigh in on an issue that has long been a subject of controversy in the United States, namely, what types of restrictions, if any, may the government place on the ability of gay couples to enter legal marriages. The origin of the debate over same-sex marriage can be traced back to 1993, when the Hawaii Supreme Court issued a ruling that appeared likely to lead to recognition of same-sex marriage under the state's constitution. In response, Congress enacted the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA). Section 3 of DOMA created a new federal definition for the terms 'marriage' and 'spouse' that includes heterosexual couples only. Thus, any federal law that uses those terms automatically excludes same-sex couples from any rights, benefits, or protections that flow from the statute. Meanwhile, in the nearly two decades since DOMA was enacted, the state legislatures and courts have become increasingly enmeshed in questions about the extent to which marital rights and benefits can or must be offered to same-sex couples. Currently, nine states and the District of Columbia permit same-sex couples to marry, while the vast majority of the remaining states have statutes or constitutional provisions that bar such marriages. […] On December 7, 2012, the Supreme Court agreed to hear challenges to two laws that impose restrictions on same-sex marriage. The first case, 'United States v. Windsor', involves questions about the constitutionality of DOMA. The second case, 'Hollingsworth v. Perry', involves a similar challenge to California's Proposition 8. These cases are discussed in detail below."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Feder, Jody; Dolan, Alissa M.
2013-02-20
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India-U.S. Economic Relations [Updated July 28, 2003]
India's economy has shown relatively healthy growth since 1991 when an economic crisis caused the government to implement various economic reforms. Yet many analysts view India's economy as falling below its potential, especially when compared to a country such as China, which has achieved far greater economic success over the past decade. The United States is India's largest trading partner. India is a relatively minor U.S. trading partner, although U.S. officials argue that it could be a potentially largemarket if India implemented further economic reforms. This reportwill be updated as events warrant.
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Morrison, Wayne M.; Kronstadt, K. Alan
2003-07-28
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Inflation and the Real Minimum Wage: A Fact Sheet [February 26, 2013]
"The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938 established the hourly minimum wage rate at 25 cents for covered workers. Since then, it has been raised 22 separate times, in part to keep up with rising prices. Most recently, in July 2009, it was increased to $7.25 an hour. Because there have been some extended periods between these adjustments while inflation generally has increased, the real value (purchasing power) of the minimum wage has decreased substantially over time."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Elwell, Craig Kent, 1947-; Levine, Linda (Linda H.)
2013-02-26
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India-U.S. Relations [Updated June 7, 2002]
"Although the end of the Cold War freed U.S.-India relations from the constraints of a bipolar world, bilateral relations continued for a decade to be affected by the burden of history, most notably the longstanding India-Pakistan regional rivalry. Recent years, however, have brought a sea change in U.S.- India relations, which was reflected in India's swift offer of full support for the U.S.-led war on terrorism following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack on New York and Washington. The continuing U.S. concern in South Asia, however, is the reduction of tensions between India and Pakistan, which center on their competing claims to the former princely state of Kashmir, and the prevention of nuclear and ballistic missile proliferation. India and Pakistan have so far ignored U.S. and international pressure to sign the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty or the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Gupta, Amit
2002-06-07
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India-U.S. Relations [Updated September 3, 2002]
"Although the end of the Cold War freed U.S.-India relations from the constraints of a bipolar world, bilateral relations continued for a decade to be affected by the burden of history, most notably the longstanding India-Pakistan regional rivalry. Recent years, however, have brought a sea change in U.S.- India relations, which was reflected in India's swift offer of full support for the U.S.-led war on terrorism following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack on New York and Washington. The continuing U.S. concern in South Asia, however, is the reduction of tensions between India and Pakistan, which center on their competing claims to the former princely state of Kashmir, and the prevention of nuclear and ballistic missile proliferation. India and Pakistan have so far ignored U.S. and international pressure to sign the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty or the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Gupta, Amit
2002-09-03
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India-U.S. Relations [Updated March 8, 2002]
"Although the end of the Cold War freed U.S.-India relations from the constraints of a bipolar world, bilateral relations continued for a decade to be affected by the burden of history, most notably the longstanding India-Pakistan regional rivalry. Recent years, however, have brought a sea change in U.S.- India relations, which was reflected in India's swift offer of full support for the U.S.-led war on terrorism following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack on New York and Washington. The continuing U.S. concern in South Asia, however, is the prevention of nuclear and ballistic missile proliferation and the reduction of tensions between India and Pakistan, which center on their competing claims to the former princely state of Kashmir. India and Pakistan have so far ignored U.S. and international pressure to sign the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty or the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Blood, Peter R., 1952-
2002-03-08
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India-U.S. Economic Relations [Updated February 25, 2004]
"India is a country with a long history and a large population (more than one billion people, nearly half living in poverty). Given that it is the world's most populous democracy, a U.S. ally in anti-terrorism efforts, and a potentially major export market, India's economic development and its trade relations with the United States are of concern to Congress. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kronstadt, K. Alan; Morrison, Wayne M.
2004-02-25
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India: Chronology of Recent Events [Updated November 14, 2005]
"This report provides a reverse chronology of recent events involving India and India-U.S. relations. Sources include, but are not limited to, major newswires, the U.S. Department of State, 'Hindu' (Madras), 'Hindustan Times' (Delhi), and 'Indian Express' (Bombay). For a substantive review, see CRS [Congressional Research Service] Issue Brief IB93097, 'India-U.S. Relations', by K. Alan Kronstadt. This report will be updated regularly."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kronstadt, K. Alan
2005-11-14
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India-U.S. Relations [Updated May 18, 2005]
"The end of the Cold War freed India-U.S. relations from the constraints of global bipolarity, but interactions continued for a decade to be affected by the burden of history, most notably the longstanding India-Pakistan rivalry and nuclear weapons proliferation in the region. Recent years, however, have witnessed a sea change in bilateral relations, with more positive interactions becoming the norm. India's swift offer of full support for U.S.-led counterterrorism operations after September 2001 was widely viewed as reflective of such change. Today, the Bush Administration vows to 'help India become a major world power in the 21st century.' Continuing U.S. interest in South Asia focuses on tension and conflict between India and Pakistan, a problem rooted in unfinished business from the 1947 Partition and competing claims to the former princely state of Kashmir. The United States strongly encourages maintenance of a cease-fire in Kashmir and continued, substantive dialogue between India and Pakistan."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kronstadt, K. Alan
2005-05-18
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India-U.S. Relations [Updated July 15, 2005]
"The end of the Cold War freed India-U.S. relations from the constraints of global bipolarity, but interactions continued for a decade to be affected by the burden of history, most notably the longstanding India-Pakistan rivalry and nuclear weapons proliferation in the region. Recent years, however, have witnessed a sea change in bilateral relations, with more positive interactions becoming the norm. India's swift offer of full support for U.S.-led counterterrorism operations after September 2001 was widely viewed as reflective of such change. Today, the Bush Administration vows to 'help India become a major world power in the 21st century.' Continuing U.S. interest in South Asia focuses on tension and conflict between India and Pakistan, a problem rooted in unfinished business from the 1947 Partition and competing claims to the former princely state of Kashmir. The United States strongly encourages maintenance of a cease-fire in Kashmir and continued, substantive dialogue between India and Pakistan."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kronstadt, K. Alan
2005-07-15
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India-U.S. Relations [Updated November 4, 2004]
"The end of the Cold War freed India-U.S. relations from the constraints of global bipolarity, but New Delhi-Washington relations continued for a decade to be affected by the burden of history, most notably the longstanding India-Pakistan rivalry. Recent years, however, have witnessed a sea change in bilateral relations, with more positive interactions becoming the norm. India's swift offer of full support for U.S.-led counterterrorism operations after September 2001 was widely viewed as reflective of such change. Continuing U.S. interest in South Asia focuses especially on the historic and ongoing tensions between nuclear-armed India and Pakistan, tensions rooted in unfinished business from the 1947 Partition, and competing claims to the former princely state of Kashmir. The United States strongly encourages maintenance of a cease-fire along the Kashmiri Line of Control and continued, substantive dialogue between India and Pakistan."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kronstadt, K. Alan
2004-11-04
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India-U.S. Relations [Updated August 1, 2005]
"The end of the Cold War freed India-U.S. relations from the constraints of global bipolarity, but interactions continued for a decade to be affected by the burden of history, most notably the longstanding India-Pakistan rivalry and nuclear weapons proliferation in the region. Recent years, however, have witnessed a sea change in bilateral relations, with more positive interactions becoming the norm. India's swift offer of full support for U.S.-led counterterrorism operations after September 2001 was widely viewed as reflective of such change. Today, the Bush Administration vows to 'help India become a major world power in the 21st century.' Continuing U.S. interest in South Asia focuses on tension and conflict between India and Pakistan, a problem rooted in unfinished business from the 1947 Partition and competing claims to the former princely state of Kashmir. The United States strongly encourages maintenance of a cease-fire in Kashmir and continued, substantive dialogue between India and Pakistan."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kronstadt, K. Alan
2005-08-01
