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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 2035, TSA Credential and Endorsement Harmonization Act of 2019 as Ordered Reported by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on July 24, 2019
From the Document: "S. 2035 would require the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) to issue a strategic plan within 180 days of enactment to expand the eligibility of the PreCheck Program to certain individuals in the transportation industry who have gone through previous security reviews. PreCheck is a trusted traveler program administered by the TSA that allows preapproved passengers to use expedited security lanes in airports. Based on the cost of similar activities, CBO estimates that preparing the strategic plan would cost less than $500,000 in 2020; any spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2019-08-06
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 3405, Uranium Classification Act of 2019 as Ordered Reported by the House Committee on Natural Resources on July 17, 2019
From the Document: "H.R. 3405 would direct the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to remove uranium from the Final List of Critical Minerals published on May 18, 2018, pursuant to Executive Order 13817, which directed the federal government to identify and develop a national strategy for critical minerals."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2019-08-06
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Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States [Updated August 6, 2019]
From the Overview: "The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) is an interagency committee that serves the President in overseeing the national security implications of foreign investment in the economy. It reviews foreign investment transactions to determine if (1) they threaten to impair the national security; (2) the foreign investor is controlled by a foreign government; or (3) the transaction could affect homeland security or would result in control of any critical infrastructure that could impair the national security. The President has the authority to block proposed or pending foreign investment transactions that threaten to impair the national security."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Jackson, James K.
2019-08-06
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FEMA and SBA Disaster Assistance for Individuals and Households: Application Processes, Determinations, and Appeals [Updated August 6, 2019]
From the Summary: "The Small Business Administration's (SBA's) Disaster Loan Program and the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA's) Individual Assistance (IA) program are the federal government's primary sources of financial assistance to help individuals and households recover and rebuild following an incident. In many cases, disaster survivors need assistance from both programs in addition to other sources of assistance, including private insurance, state and local government assistance, and assistance from voluntary organizations."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lindsay, Bruce R.; Webster, Elizabeth M.
2019-08-06
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Five-Year Offshore Oil and Gas Leasing Program for 2019-2024: Status and Issues in Brief [Updated August 6, 2019]
From the Document: "Under the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (OCSLA), as amended, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) must prepare and maintain forward-looking five-year plans--referred to by BOEM as five-year programs--for proposed public oil and gas lease sales on the U.S. outer continental shelf (OCS). On January 4, 2018, BOEM released a draft proposed program (DPP) for the period from late 2019 through mid-2024. The DPP proposes 47 lease sales during the five-year period: 12 in the Gulf of Mexico region, 19 in the Alaska region, 9 in the Atlantic region, and 7 in the Pacific region. The DPP would make available for leasing more than 90% of the total OCS acreage."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Comay, Laura B.
2019-08-06
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Lead Inspector General Report to the United States Congress: Operation Inherent Resolve, Quarterly Report and Biannual Report to the United States Congress, April 1, 2019 - June 30, 2019
From the Executive Summary: "Despite losing its territorial 'caliphate,' the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) solidified its insurgent capabilities in Iraq and was resurging in Syria this quarter. [...] CJTF-OIR [Combined Joint Task Force-Operation Inherent Resolve] said that in Iraq the ISF [Iraqi Security Forces] often lacks the ability to maintain hold forces in cleared territory. [...] USCENTCOM [U.S. Central Command] reported that ISIS militants in both countries employed similar tactics of targeted assassinations, ambushes, suicide bombings, and the burning of crops, but this quarter did not carry out large-scale conventional attacks or attempt to take and hold territory for more than brief periods. [...] CJTF-OIR reported based on open source data that ISIS likely retains between 14,000 and 18,000 'members' in Iraq and Syria, including up to 3,000 foreigners. [...] CJTF-OIR reported to the DoD OIG [Department of Defense Office of the Inspector General] that ISIS in Iraq is attempting to expand its influence over populations in the Sunni-majority provinces north and west of Baghdad, and has reorganized its leadership and established safe havens in rural Sunni-majority areas."
United States. Department of Defense. Office of the Inspector General; United States. Department of State. Office of the Inspector General; United States. Agency for International Development. Office of Inspector General
2019-08-06?
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Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) [Updated August 6, 2019]
From the Document: "The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) is an interagency body comprised of nine Cabinet members, two ex officio members, and other members as appointed by the President, that assists the President in reviewing the national security aspects of foreign direct investment in the U.S. economy. While the group often operated in relative obscurity, the perceived change in the nation's national security and economic concerns following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks and the proposed acquisition of commercial operations at six U.S. ports by Dubai Ports World in 2006 placed CFIUS's review procedures under intense scrutiny by Members of Congress and the public. In 2018, prompted by concerns over Chinese and other foreign investment in U.S. companies with advanced technology, Members of Congress and the Trump Administration enacted the Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act of 2018 (FIRRMA), which became effective on November 11, 2018. This measure marked the most comprehensive revision of the foreign investment review process under CFIUS since the previous revision in 2007, the Foreign Investment and National Security Act (FINSA)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Jackson, James K.
2019-08-06
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Regulating Drinking Water Contaminants: EPA PFAS Actions [Updated August 6, 2019]
From the Document: "Detections of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in drinking water supplies and uncertainty about potential health effects associated with exposure to PFAS have increased congressional attention to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) efforts to address these substances in public water supplies. Over the past decade, EPA has been evaluating several PFAS under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) to determine whether national drinking water regulations may be warranted. EPA has not issued SDWA regulations for any PFAS but has taken various actions to address PFAS in drinking water."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Tiemann, Mary; Humphreys, Elena H.
2019-08-06
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Disaster Relief Fund: Monthly Report as of July 31, 2019 (Fiscal Year 2019 Report to Congress)
From the Background: "P.L. 116-6 requires that the FEMA Administrator provide a report by the fifth business day of each month on the Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) that includes a funding summary, a table delineating DRF funding activities each month by state and event, a summary of the funding for the catastrophic events, and the fund exhaustion date, or end-of-fiscal-year balance. Consequently, the following report elements are included: 1. Appendix A is an appropriations summary that includes a synopsis of the amount of appropriations made available by source, the transfers executed, the previously allocated funds recovered, and the commitments, allocations,and obligations. 2. Appendix B presents details on the DRF funding activities delineated by month. 3. Appendix C presents obligations and estimates by spending category for Hurricanes Sandy, Harvey, Irma, and Maria and declarations since August 1, 2017. 4. Appendix D presents funding summaries for the current active catastrophic events including the allocations, obligations, and expenditures. 5. Appendix E presents the fund exhaustion date, or end-of-fiscal-year balance. 6. Appendix F presents a bridge table that provides explanation for the monthly and baseline change for all activities to include details for catastrophic events."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2019-08-06
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 335, South Florida Clean Coastal Waters Act of 2019 as Ordered Reported by the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology on July 24, 2019
From the Document: "H.R. 335 would amend the Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Control Act of 1998 to direct the interagency task force on harmful algal blooms to develop and submit to the Congress within two years a plan to reduce, mitigate, and control harmful algal blooms in southern Florida. The interagency task force includes the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of the Interior, the Department of Agriculture, and other agencies."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2019-08-06
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 3675, Trusted Traveler Reconsideration and Restoration Act of 2019 as Ordered Reported by the House Committee on Homeland Security on July 17, 2019
From the Document: "H.R. 3675 would require the Government Accountability Office (GAO) to conduct a review of the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) trusted traveler programs, which expedites the security process at airports. Using information about the cost of other GAO studies, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing H.R. 3675 would cost less than $500,000."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2019-08-06
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Uganda [Updated August 6, 2019]
From the Document: "U.S. officials have viewed Uganda as a key security partner in East Africa for over a decade. The country has played a lead role in high-profile counterterrorism and stability operations in the region, most notably in Somalia. Uganda is major recipient of U.S. foreign aid and has been one of the top recipients of U.S. security assistance in Africa. The United States provides logistics, training, equipment, and advisory support to the Ugandan military for its regional operations. Reports of torture and unlawful killings by security forces complicate the bilateral relationship, though, as do growing concerns about Uganda's political trajectory. The country has never had a democratic transition of power."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Blanchard, Lauren Ploch
2019-08-06
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 2107, Protecting America's Food and Agriculture Act of 2019
From the Document: "S. 2107 would authorize the appropriation of specific amounts for each year over the 2020- 2022 period totaling $222 million for Customs and Border Protection. The funds would be used to hire agriculture specialists and other personnel to improve the comprehensiveness of inspections of food and agricultural goods entering the United States. Assuming appropriation of the authorized amounts, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing the bill would cost $222 million over the 2020-2024 period. Estimated outlays are based on historical spending patterns for this program."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2019-08-06
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 764, Article One Act
This is the Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
on July 24, 2019. From the Document: "S. 764 would amend the National Emergencies Act to limit the duration of any national emergency declared by the President to 30 days, unless subsequently approved or extended by the Congress."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2019-08-06
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 1064, Appalachian Energy for National Security Act
This is the Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources on July 16, 2019. From the Document: "S. 1064 would require the Department of Energy (DOE) to conduct a study on the national and economic security implications of building petrochemical facilities for ethane and other natural gas liquids in the geographic area covered by parts of Ohio, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and New York. DOE would be required to coordinate with several different agencies to evaluate the benefits and potential risks to economic and national security."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2019-08-06
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Bipartisan Budget Act of 2019: Changes to the BCA and Debt Limit [Updated August 5, 2019]
From the Document: "The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2019 (BBA 2019; P.L. 116-37) was enacted on August 2, 2019. BBA 2019 raised the discretionary spending limits (caps) implemented by the Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA; P.L. 112-25) for FY2020 and FY2021; made other BCA-related changes, including an extension of the mandatory sequester through FY2029; and suspended the statutory debt limit until August 1, 2021."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Driessen, Grant A.; Lynch, Megan Suzanne
2019-08-05
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Renewed Great Power Competition: Implications for Defense--Issues for Congress [Updated August 5, 2019]
From the Summary: "World events in recent years have led observers, particularly since late 2013, to conclude that the international security environment in recent years has undergone a shift from the post-Cold War era that began in the late 1980s and early 1990s, also sometimes known as the unipolar moment (with the United States as the unipolar power), to a new and different situation that features, among other things, renewed great power competition with China and Russia and challenges by these two countries and others to elements of the U.S.-led international order that has operated since World War II."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2019-08-05
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National Emergency Powers [Updated August 5, 2019]
From the Summary: "The President of the United States has available certain powers that may be exercised in the event that the nation is threatened by crisis, exigency, or emergency circumstances (other than natural disasters, war, or near-war situations). Such powers may be stated explicitly or implied by the Constitution, assumed by the Chief Executive to be permissible constitutionally, or inferred from or specified by statute. Through legislation, Congress has made a great many delegations of authority in this regard over the past 230 years. There are, however, limits and restraints upon the President in his exercise of emergency powers. With the exception of the habeas corpus clause, the Constitution makes no allowance for the suspension of any of its provisions during a national emergency. Disputes over the constitutionality or legality of the exercise of emergency powers are judicially reviewable."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Halchin, L. Elaine
2019-08-05
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Philippines [Updated August 5, 2019]
From the Overview: "The United States and the Republic of the Philippines maintain a deep relationship that includes a bilateral security alliance, extensive military cooperation, close people-to-people ties, and many shared strategic and economic interests. U.S. administration of the Philippines as a colonial territory (1898-1946), which followed 300 years of Spanish rule, also shaped the relationship. Bilateral relations have faced challenges under President Rodrigo Duterte, who has long held negative views of the United States. Elected in 2016, Duterte has pursued rapprochement with China and a violent extrajudicial antidrug campaign. Major areas of U.S.-Philippine cooperation, nonetheless, have continued."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Dolven, Ben; Lum, Thomas G. (Thomas Gong), 1961-
2019-08-05
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Minimum Wages and the Raise the Wage Act (H.R. 582) [August 5, 2019]
From the Document: "Since 1938, the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA, 29 U.S.C. §206) has required that certain workers be paid a minimum wage. Since then, Congress has raised the minimum wage rate 22 times, from $0.25 per hour in 1938 to its last increase on July 24, 2009, to $7.25. (P.L. 110-28 increased it from $5.15 to $7.25 in three steps beginning in 2007). Currently, the FLSA covers most, but not all, enterprises and private and public sector employees. Certain employers and employees are exempt from all or parts of the FLSA minimum wage provisions, either because they do not meet individual or enterprise coverage criteria or through specific exemptions included in the act."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bradley, David H.; Whittaker, Julie M.
2019-08-05
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North Korea: What 18 Months of Diplomacy Has and Has Not Achieved [August 5, 2019]
From the Document: "Since President Trump agreed in March 2018 to hold a summit with North Korean leader Kim Jong-un to discuss North Korea's nuclear and missile programs, the Trump Administration's strategy has appeared to be based on the presumption that developing a leader-to-leader relationship will produce more results than the working-group approaches taken by previous administrations. [...] Overall, these diplomatic efforts have produced a marked reduction in tensions on the Korean Peninsula, and Trump and Kim appear to have developed a personal relationship that Trump says ultimately could produce a breakthrough. Kim has pledged to denuclearize, and has maintained a unilateral moratorium on nuclear tests and long-range and medium-range missile tests. Kim's public denuclearization promises, however, have been conditional and vague."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Manyin, Mark E.; Nikitin, Mary Beth Dunham; Rennack, Dianne E. . . .
2019-08-05
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United Nations Issues: Congressional Representatives to the U.N. General Assembly [Updated August 5, 2019]
From the Document: "The annual session of the United Nations (U.N.) General Assembly is held at U.N. Headquarters in New York City. Generally, the President appoints one Democrat and one Republican to serve as U.S. representatives to the session, alternating each year between the House and Senate. At the 73rd session of the Assembly, which opened in September 2018, two Senators (Ron Johnson and Jeff Merkley) served as congressional representatives. Two members of the House will likely serve as representatives to the 74th Assembly session, which is scheduled to open on September 17, 2019."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Blanchfield, Luisa; Weed, Matthew C.
2019-08-05
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Russia's Nuclear Weapons: Doctrine, Forces, and Modernization [August 5, 2019]
From the Document: "Russia's nuclear forces consist of both long-range, strategic systems - including intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs), and heavy bombers - and shorter- and medium-range delivery systems. Russia is modernizing its nuclear forces, replacing Soviet-era systems with new missiles, submarines and aircraft while developing new types of delivery systems. Although Russia's number of nuclear weapons has declined sharply since the end of Cold War, it retains a stockpile of thousands of warheads, with more than 1,500 warheads deployed on missiles and bombers capable of reaching U.S. territory."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Woolf, Amy F.
2019-08-05
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U.S. Withdrawal from the INF Treaty: What's Next? [Updated August 2, 2019]
From the Document: "On August 2, 2019, the United States withdrew from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty. It had notified Russia of its intent to withdraw on February 2, 2019, and, consistent with Article XV of the treaty, the withdrawal took effect six months later. The United States withdrew from the treaty in response to Russia's deployment of an INF-range ground-launched cruise missile, which violated the treaty's ban on missiles with a range between 500 and 5,500 kilometers."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Woolf, Amy F.
2019-08-02
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: Department of Homeland Security Legislation as Ordered Reported by the House Committee on Homeland Security on July 17, 2019
From the Document: "DHS is currently carrying out activities similar to those required by the bills listed above, and any new activities required under the legislation would not require substantial action by the department. Thus, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing each bill would not have a significant cost; any spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2019-08-02
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DOD's Cloud Strategy and the JEDI Cloud Procurement [Updated August 2, 2019]
From the Document: "In September 2017, the Deputy Secretary of Defense issued a memorandum calling for the accelerated adoption of a Department of Defense (DOD) enterprise-wide cloud services solution as a fundamental component of ongoing DOD modernization efforts. As a component of this effort, DOD is seeking to acquire a cloud services solution accessible to the entirety of the Department that can support Unclassified, Secret, and Top Secret requirements, focusing on commercially available cloud service solutions, through the Joint Enterprise Defense Infrastructure (JEDI) Cloud acquisition program. The Department originally expected to award the contract in August 2019. However, Secretary of Defense Dr. Mark T. Esper is reportedly currently reviewing the JEDI Cloud program, which may delay the award."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Peters, Heidi M.
2019-08-02
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3D Printing: Overview, Impacts, and the Federal Role [August 2, 2019]
From the Introduction: "Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a manufacturing process used to create real-world parts from digital 3D design files. This process is of particular relevance to Congress because of its use in federal programs; economic potential; continued applications in scientific research and development; roles in national security; and potential areas of concern, including weapons development and intellectual property law. This report describes the basic parts common to 3D printers and explains the operation of the technology. It also provides a snapshot of current materials and capabilities, traces the historical development of the technology since 1980, provides information on the federal role in 3D printing, communicates the primary properties of 3D printing with reference to manufacturing, explains secondary manufacturing impacts that stem from these properties, and highlights particular issues relevant to Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sargent, John F., Jr.; Schwartz, R.X.
2019-08-02
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Department of Defense's JEDI Cloud Program [Updated August 2, 2019]
From the Introduction: "This report provides analysis of relevant background information and considerations for Congress associated with ongoing Department of Defense (DOD) efforts to obtain enterprise-wide cloud computing services through the Joint Enterprise Defense Infrastructure (JEDI) Cloud acquisition program. In September 2017, then-Deputy Secretary of Defense (DSD) Patrick Shanahan issued a memorandum calling for the accelerated adoption of a DOD enterprise-wide cloud services solution as a key component of ongoing DOD modernization efforts. DOD views this adoption process as a two part effort: in the first phase, DOD is seeking to acquire a cloud services solution accessible to the entirety of the Department that can support Unclassified, Secret, and Top Secret requirements, focusing on commercially available cloud service solutions, through the JEDI Cloud acquisition program. In the second phase, DOD seeks to transition selected existing data and applications maintained by the military departments and agencies to the cloud."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Peters, Heidi M.
2019-08-02
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 149, Stop Senior Scams Act as Ordered Reported by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on July 10, 2019
From the Document: "S. 149 would establish an interagency advisory group, led by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), to study strategies to prevent financial retailers, financial services companies, and wire transfer companies from perpetrating fraud on senior citizens. The group would consult with industry leaders, trade associations, and nonprofit organizations to identify best practices and create model materials that industry and government agencies could use to decrease such fraud. The FTC would report to the Congress each year on the group's activities. The advisory group would disband five years after enactment."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2019-08-02
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Russian Compliance with the Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated August 2, 2019]
From the Document: "The United States withdrew from the Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty on August 2, 2019, six months after announcing its intent to do so. The treaty is no longer in force. In comments made before the June 26, 2019, NATO Defense Ministers meeting, General Secretary Stoltenberg noted that 'Russia still has the opportunity to save the INF Treaty' before the U.S. withdrawal on August 2, 2019, but if Russia did not come back into compliance, NATO would respond. During their meeting, the Defense Ministers agreed that NATO would 'do everything that is in its remit to encourage Russia to return to compliance before 2 August 2019. NATO's focus is to preserve the INF Treaty.' They also agreed that if Russia failed to return to compliance, NATO would consider a range of measures, 'such as exercises, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, air and missile defences, and conventional capabilities,' in response. It would also 'ensure that its nuclear deterrent remains safe, secure and effective.' They did not offer any details about these measures, although they did confirm that NATO 'has no intention to deploy new land-based nuclear missiles in Europe. NATO will not mirror what Russia does, and does not want a new arms race.' Further, they noted that the 'Allies are firmly committed to the preservation of effective international arms control, disarmament and nonproliferation.'"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Woolf, Amy F.
2019-08-02
