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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, September 28, 2018
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Children with Heart Conditions and Their Special Health Care Needs -- United States, 2016"; "Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Health Care Personnel -- United States, 2017-18 Influenza Season"; "Influenza and Tdap Vaccination Coverage Among Pregnant Women -- United States, April 2018"; "Meningococcal Disease Surveillance in Men Who Have Sex with Men -- United States, 2015-2016"; "Multidrug-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus Carrying Mutations Linked to Environmental Fungicide Exposure -- Three States, 2010-2017"; "Barriers to Receipt of Prenatal Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Among Mothers of Infants Aged
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2018-09-28
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Former Speakers of the House: Office Allowances, Franking Privileges, and Staff Assistance [September 28, 2018]
"Beginning in 1970 and until the passage of P.L. 115-244, former Speakers of the House of Representatives were provided with an allowance upon their departure from the House. The statutorily authorized allowance has been available to former Speakers for office space and furnishings, office operations, franked mail, and staff assistance. Use of the allowance was limited to five years, beginning the day of expiration of a Speaker's tenure as a Representative, and was to be used solely for the administration and conclusion of matters relating to service as a Representative and Speaker of the House.The legislative branch appropriations act for FY2019 was enacted on September 21, 2018, and included a provision to repeal the allowance. The repeal of allowances applies to any Member who served in the 115th Congress or any succeeding Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Egar, William T.
2018-09-28
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Global Trade Imbalances [September 28, 2018]
"In July 2018, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) released its latest report on global trade imbalances that identifies countries with 'excessive' current account balances and exchange rates that are 'misaligned.' The current account is abroad measure of a country's global economic engagement and is comprised of trade in goods, services, and official flows. The report indicates that 40% to 50% of countries had imbalances that were 'excessive,' and that imbalances of about 3.25% of world GDP--both surpluses and deficits--remained constant in 2017, as indicated in Figure 1. In other words, some countries are saving too much and others are borrowing too much (globally, the combined saving and borrowing nets to zero, including statistical discrepancy). Individuals, businesses, and governments contribute to the saving rate. Advanced economies account for a rising share of the deficit: the United States has the single largest deficit. Other trade specialists argue that extensive cross-border capital flows have reduced the usefulness of the current account as a monitoring device and that policy prescriptions based on current account imbalances--and trade imbalances as the largest component of the current account--may be counterproductive."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Jackson, James K.
2018-09-28
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South Sudan's Civil War: Nearly 400,000 Estimated Dead [September 28, 2018]
"South Sudan, which became the world's newest country when it split from Sudan in 2011, has been mired in civil war since December 2013. The war has had a devastating impact, displacing some 4.5 million people and fueling near-famine conditions. With over 7.1 million people severely food insecure in 2018, it is among the world's worst humanitarian crises, and the UN humanitarian appeal for $1.4 billion in assistance is among the largest. South Sudan is one of the most dangerous environments for aid workers, with over 100 killed since the war began. The death toll from the conflict, however, has been based on guesswork, until the release of a new U.S.-funded study by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), commissioned by the U.S. Institute of Peace."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Blanchard, Lauren Ploch
2018-09-28
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Congressional Budget Office Estimate: H.R. 6: Substance Use-Disorder Prevention That Promotes Opioid Recovery and Treatment (SUPPORT) for Patients and Communities Act
This document includes "Estimated Direct Spending and Revenue Effects of H.R. 6, Substance Use-Disorder Prevention that Promotes Opioid Recovery and Treatment (SUPPORT) for Patients and Communities Act" for the years 2019 to 2028.
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-09-27
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Information Technology: SSA Has Improved Acquisitions and Operations, but Needs to Fully Address the Role of Its Chief Information Officer, Statement of Carol C. Harris, Director, Information Technology Management Issues, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Social Security, Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives
"SSA [Social Security Administration] delivers services that touch the lives of almost every American, and relies heavily on IT [information technology] resources to do so. Its systems support a range of activities, such as processing Disability Insurance payments, to calculating and withholding Medicare premiums, and issuing Social Security numbers and cards. For fiscal year 2018, the agency planned to spend approximately $1.6 billion on IT. GAO [Government Accountability Office] has previously reported that federal IT projects have often failed, in part, due to a lack of oversight and governance. Given the challenges that federal agencies, including SSA, have encountered in managing IT acquisitions, Congress and the administration have taken steps to improve federal IT, including enacting federal IT acquisition reform legislation and issuing related guidance.This statement summarizes GAO's previously reported findings regarding SSA's management of IT acquisitions and operations. In developing this testimony, GAO summarized findings from its reports issued in 2011 through 2018, and information on SSA's actions in response to GAO's recommendations."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2018-09-27
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 3041: Disaster Recovery Reform Act of 2018
"S. 3041 would amend and authorize appropriations for several programs administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing the bill would cost $2.4 billion over the 2019-2023 period, assuming appropriation of the authorized and necessary amounts. CBO estimates that enacting S. 3041 would increase direct spending by $45 million over the 2019-2028 period and would decrease revenues by an insignificant amount in each year. Therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures apply. CBO estimates that enacting S. 3041 would not increase net direct spending or on-budget deficits in any of the four consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2029. S. 3041 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-09-27
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 2961: Victims of Child Abuse Act Reauthorization Act of 2018
"S. 2961 would authorize the appropriation of $25 million annually over the 2019-2023 period mostly for Department of Justice programs to prevent child abuse and assist victims of such crimes. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] assumes that the bill will be enacted near the beginning of fiscal year 2019 and that the specified amounts will be appropriated each year. Based on historical spending patterns, CBO estimates that implementing S. 2961 would cost $75 million over the 2019-2023 period, as shown in the following table."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-09-27
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Management Alert -- Observations of FEMA's Debris Monitoring Efforts for Hurricane Irma
"Adequate monitoring is critical to the accuracy of debris removal operations and eligible associated costs. The objective of this alert is to proactively advise the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) of the risks for fraud, waste, abuse, and mismanagement of Federal resources surrounding debris removal operations. This alert emphasizes potential debris monitoring challenges and risks that FEMA needs to address during response and recovery efforts for any disaster."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General
2018-09-27
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Special Review - Initial Observations Regarding Family Separation Issues Under the Zero Tolerance Policy
"In light of the heightened public and congressional interest in the Department of Homeland Security's separation of families at the southern border pursuant to the Government's Zero Tolerance Policy, the DHS Office of Inspector General (OIG) conducted unannounced site visits to U.S. Customs and Border Protection and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement facilities in and around El Paso and McAllen, Texas on June 26-28, 2018. The following report describes OIG's observations in the field and its analysis of family separation data provided by the Department."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General
2018-09-27
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Federalism-Based Limitations on Congressional Power: An Overview [September 27, 2018]
"The U.S. Constitution establishes a system of dual sovereignty between the states and the federal government, with each state having its own government, endowed with all the functions essential to separate and independent existence. Although the Supremacy Clause of the Constitution designates 'the Laws of the United States' as 'the supreme Law of the Land,' other provisions of the Constitution--as well as legal principles undergirding those provisions--nonetheless prohibit the national government from enacting certain types of laws that impinge upon state sovereignty.The various principles that delineate the proper boundaries between the powers of the federal and state governments are collectively known as 'federalism.' Federalism-based restrictions that the Constitution imposes on the national government's ability to enact legislation may inform Congress's work in any number of areas of law in which the states and the federal government dually operate."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Nolan, Andrew; Lewis, Kevin M.; Sykes, Jay B.; Freeman, Wilson C.; Hickey, Kevin J.
2018-09-27
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 6729: Empowering Financial Institutions to Fight Human Trafficking Act of 2018
"H.R. 6729 would permit nonprofit organizations to register with the Department of the Treasury to make it easier for those organizations to share information with financial institutions regarding possible human trafficking or money laundering activities. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing H.R. 6729 would have no significant effect on the federal budget because it would not significantly expand the duties of the department. Enacting the legislation would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply. CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 6729 would not increase net direct spending or on-budget deficits in any of the four consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2029."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-09-27
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 3354: Missing Children's Assistance Act of 2018
"S. 3354 would authorize the appropriation of $40 million annually over the 2019-2023 period for Department of Justice programs to help locate missing children and prevent child abductions. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] assumes that the bill will be enacted near the beginning of fiscal year 2019 and that the specified amounts will be appropriated each year. Based on historical spending patterns, CBO estimates that implementing S. 3354 would cost $121 million over the 2019-2023 period, assuming appropriation of the authorized amounts, as shown in the following table."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-09-27
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 6751: Banking Transparency for Sanctioned Persons Act of 2018
"H.R. 6751 would require the Department of the Treasury to report twice a year to the Congress on any licenses the department issued to financial institutions that permits them to work with nations that sponsor terrorist activities and the names of any financial institutions working with sanctioned persons. Some specified activities would be exempt from this reporting requirement. The reporting requirement would end seven years after enactment. Using information from the department, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing H.R. 6751 would not impose a significant administration burden and would thus have no significant cost."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-09-27
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EMR-ISAC: InfoGram, Volume 18 Issue 39, September 27, 2018
The Emergency Management and Response Information Sharing and Analysis Center's (EMR-ISAC) InfoGram is a weekly publication of information concerning the protection of critical infrastructures relevant to members of the Emergency Services Sector. This issue includes the following articles: "Propane and natural gas safety in flooding conditions"; "Fire Prevention Week campaign focuses on action"; and "Outbreak Response Training Program for public health".
Emergency Management and Response-Information Sharing and Analysis Center (U.S.)
2018-09-27
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DHS Grants and Contracts Awarded Through Other Than Full and Open Competition FY 2017
"On May 5, 2017, Congress enacted Public Law 115-31, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017.' According to Division F, Section 103(a), the Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security shall submit a report not later than October 15, 2017, to the DHS Office of Inspector General listing all grants and contracts awarded by other than full and open competition (OTFOC) during fiscal years 2016 and 2017."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General
2018-09-27
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 3277: Space Frontier Act of 2018
"S. 3277 would direct the Department of Transportation (DOT) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to streamline the permitting processes for commercial space transportation and commercial activities for observing the earth. The bill also would require the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to continue operations of the International Space Station (ISS) through 2030. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing S. 3277 would cost $34 million over the 2019-2023 period, assuming appropriation of the necessary amounts. Enacting S. 3277 would affect direct spending by extending NASA's authority to enter into enhanced-use lease agreements; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures apply. CBO expects NASA would use that extension to enter into agreements with third parties to construct and renovate energy production, launch, and other specialized facilities. CBO estimates that enacting the bill would increase direct spending by $30 million over the 2019-2028 period. The bill would not affect revenues."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-09-27
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Management Alert - Issues Requiring Action at the Adelanto ICE Processing Center in Adelanto, California
"This Alert is part of an ongoing review to inspect U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention facilities. We conducted an unannounced visit to the Adelanto ICE Processing Center and, using ICE's 2011 'Performance-Based National Detention Standards,' we identified serious violations that are important to inform ICE of immediately."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General
2018-09-27
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 6620: The Protecting Critical Infrastructure Against Drones and Emerging Threats Act; H.R. 6735, The Public-Private Cybersecurity Cooperation Act; H.R. 6740, The Border Tunnel Task Force Act
"On September 25, the House of Representatives passed the following three pieces of legislation: [1] H.R. 6620, the Protecting Critical Infrastructure Against Drones and Emerging Threats Act, which would require the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to prepare assessments of the threats presented by unmanned aircraft systems (often called drones) and other emerging threats associated with such new technologies; [2] H.R. 6735, the Public-Private Cybersecurity Cooperation Act, which would require DHS to establish procedures for people or organizations to report vulnerabilities in the department's information systems; and [3] H.R. 6740, the Border Tunnel Task Force Act, which would direct DHS to establish task forces to combat threats from cross-border tunnels; the task forces could include personnel from federal, state, local, and tribal agencies. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that enacting the legislation would not significantly affect spending by DHS in any fiscal year because the department could largely implement each act with existing personnel."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-09-27
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Preptalks: We Succeed or Fail Together [video]
"In his PrepTalk, 'We Succeed or Fail Together' Vance Taylor shares the personal story of a shelter that failed to take into account the needs of people with access and functional needs and how emergency managers can achieve better integrated planning. Taylor explains the importance of understanding the communities we serve and the need to integrate people with access and functional needs within each phase of planning for communication, sheltering, evacuation, and medical needs."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
Taylor, L. Vance
2018-09-26
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Preptalks Discussion Guide: We Succeed or Fail Together
"In his PrepTalk, Vance Taylor shares the personal story of a shelter that failed to take into account the needs of people with access and functional needs, and how emergency managers can achieve better integrated planning. Taylor is the Chief of the Office of Access and Functional Needs in the California Governor's Office of Emergency Services. He explains the importance of understanding the communities we serve and the need to integrate people with access and functional needs within each phase of planning for communication, sheltering, evacuation, and medical needs. In his PrepTalk, Taylor calls for more fully applying technology, including artificial intellegence [sic] and machine learning, to emergency management to save the lives of people with access and functional needs before, during, and after disasters."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
Taylor, L. Vance
2018-09-26?
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DHS Support Components Do Not Have Sufficient Processes and Procedures to Address Misconduct
"This report is part of our ongoing department-wide audit of conduct and discipline to determine whether the Department of Homeland Security has sufficient processes and procedures to address conduct issues. This report presents our findings on DHS support components. We expect to publish a department-wide summary report at the conclusion of the conduct and discipline audit."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General
2018-09-26
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Water Infrastructure Financing: The Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act (WIFIA) Program [September 26, 2018]
"Water infrastructure issues, regarding funding in particular, continue to receive attention from some Members of Congress and a wide array of stakeholders. Localities are primarily responsible for providing wastewater and drinking water infrastructure services. According to the most recent estimates by states and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), expected capital costs for such facilities total $744 billion over a 20-year period. While some analysts and stakeholders debate whether these estimates understate or overstate capital needs, most agree that the affected communities face formidable challenges in providing adequate and reliable water infrastructure services. Capital investments in water infrastructure are necessary to maintain high quality service that protects public health and the environment, and capital facilities are a major investment for local governments. The vast majority of public capital projects are debt-financed (i.e., they are not financed on a pay-as-you-go basis from ongoing revenues to the water utility). The principal financing tool that local governments use is the issuance of tax-exempt municipal bonds. At least 70% of U.S. water utilities rely on municipal bonds and other debt to some degree to finance capital investments."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Ramseur, Jonathan L.; Tiemann, Mary
2018-09-26
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Selected Legal Tools for Maintaining Government Contractor Accountability [September 26, 2018]
"The federal government obligates hundreds of billions of dollars each year to procure goods and services. Federal procurement statutes and regulations establish largely uniform policies and procedures applicable to government contracts 'to deliver on a timely basis the best value product or service to the [government], while maintaining the public's trust and fulfilling public policy objectives.' To meet these ends, federal agencies have a number of legal tools at their disposal to help ensure a contractor adequately performs a contract or, if warranted, to hold a contractor accountable for performance failures or misconduct. These legal tools are intended to advance the transparency, fairness, and integrity of the procurement system and limit waste, fraud, and abuse. As described in detail below, these tools include contractual remedies, contract bid and source selection criteria, as well as various noncontract-based legal powers, such as civil fraud enforcement and the authority to exclude contractors for a period of time from being eligible for future contracts through suspension or debarment proceedings. This report analyzes a selection of the legal tools a procuring agency may use to hold contractors accountable. The report first assesses contractual remedies that procuring agencies could utilize to ensure full and satisfactory performance of existing contracts. Next, the report discusses performance-related contract source selection criteria that agencies may, and often must, utilize when evaluating new contract bid proposals. The report ends with a discussion of other legal tools--outside of contract law and the contract selection processes--that the government may employ to hold a contractor accountable."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Blanchard, Christopher M.
2018-09-26
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Iran Sanctions [September 26, 2018]
"During 2012-2015, when the global community was relatively united in pressuring Iran, Iran's economy shrank by 9% per year, crude oil exports fell from about 2.5 million barrels per day (mbd) to about 1.1 mbd, and Iran was unable to repatriate more than $120 billion in Iranian reserves held in banks abroad. The 2015 multilateral nuclear accord (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, or JCPOA) provided Iran broad relief from the international and U.S. secondary sanctions (sanctions on foreign firms that do business with Iran) that were driving Iran's economy into significant recession. Upon the January 16, 2016,implementation of the JCPOA, U.S. Administration waivers of relevant sanctions laws took effect,relevant executive orders (E.O.s) were revoked, and corresponding U.N. and EU sanctions were lifted. Remaining in place were a general ban on U.S. trade with Iran and U.S. secondary sanctions imposed on Iran's support for regional governments and armed factions, its human rights abuses, its efforts to acquire missile and advanced conventional weapons capabilities, and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). Some additional sanctions on these entities and activities were made mandatory by the Countering America's Adversaries through Sanctions Act (CAATSA, P.L. 115-44), which also increases sanctions on Russia and North Korea."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hickey, Kevin J.
2018-09-26
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Government Contract Bid Protests: Analysis of Legal Processes and Recent Developments [September 26, 2018]
"In FY2017, the federal government obligated approximately $500 billion to procure goods and services. Federal procurement statutes and regulations--notably the Competition in Contracting Act of 1984 (CICA) and the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), the government-wide regulation that generally applies to acquisitions by executive branch agencies--establish largely uniform policies and procedures for how federal executive agencies acquire goods and services. The purpose of these standards is to guide the acquisition system 'to deliver on a timely basis the best value product or service to the [government], while maintaining the public's trust and fulfilling public policy objectives,' such as the promotion of competition. In an effort to advance the transparency, fairness, and integrity of the procurement system, federal law provides mechanisms for contractors to 'protest' (i.e., object to) contract awards and solicitations for failing to comply with federal law."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Carpenter, David H.; Schwartz, Moshe
2018-09-26
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Marine Corps Amphibious Combat Vehicle (ACV): Background and Issues for Congress [September 26, 2018]
"On January 6, 2011, after spending approximately $3 billion in developmental funding, the Marine Corps cancelled the Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle (EFV) program due to poor reliability demonstrated during operational testing and excessive cost growth. Because the EFV was intended to replace the 40-year-old Amphibious Assault Vehicle (AAV), the Pentagon pledged to move quickly to develop a 'more affordable and sustainable' vehicle to replace the EFV. The Amphibious Combat Vehicle (ACV) is intended to replace the AAV, incorporating some EFV capabilities but in a more practical and cost-efficient manner. In concert with the ACV, the Marines were developing the Marine Personnel Carrier (MPC) to serve as a survivable and mobile platform to transport Marines when ashore. The MPC was not intended to be amphibious like an AAV, EFV, or the ACV but instead would be required to have a swim capability for inland waterways such as rivers, lakes, and other water obstacles such as shore-to-shore operations in the littorals. Both vehicles were intended to play central roles in future Marine amphibious operations. On June 14, 2013, Marine leadership put the MPC program 'on ice' due to budgetary pressures but suggested the program might be resurrected some 10 years down the road when budgetary resources might be more favorable."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Feickert, Andrew
2018-09-26
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H. Rept. 115-981: Empowering Financial Institutions to Fight Human Trafficking Act of 2018, Together with Minority views, Report to Accompany H.R. 6729, September 26, 2018
From the Purpose and Summary: "On September 6, 2018, Rep. Ann Wagner introduced H.R. 6729, the ''Empowering Financial Institutions to Fight Human Trafficking Act,'' which would instruct the Secretary of the Treasury to establish a mechanism for nonprofit organizations to qualify for a safe harbor when sharing specific information with financial institutions that facilitates their duties of customer due diligence and the reporting of suspicious activities relating to human trafficking. Registered nonprofit organizations that share information in compliance with these regulations will receive safe harbor protections in order to protect themselves from retaliation, defamation suits, and other actions."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2018-09-26
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EPA Proposes the Affordable Clean Energy Rule to Replace the Clean Power Plan [September 26, 2018]
"On August 31, 2018, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published its proposed Affordable Clean Energy (ACE) Rule to regulate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from existing coal-fired power plants. The ACE Rule would replace the Obama Administration's Clean Power Plan (CPP), which EPA proposed to repeal in October 2017. The CPP has not gone into effect because the Supreme Court in 2016 stayed implementation of the rule. The proposed ACE Rule would allow states to establish GHG emission standards using 'best system of emission reduction' (BSER) measures that are limited to on-site heat-rate improvements for existing coal-fired power plants. Under the proposed ACE Rule, EPA would provide states with a list of 'candidate technologies' for use at individual power plants to set emission standards. In contrast, under the more expansive CPP approach, EPA considered emission reduction measures that could be used on-site at individual power plants and off-site to establish national emission standards and state-wide emission reduction targets. This Sidebar explores the legal basis for the proposed ACE Rule and discusses EPA's authority to consider various emission reduction options for existing power plants under the Clean Air Act (CAA). (A companion Sidebar discusses the proposal's new applicability test for New Source Review permitting requirements under the CAA.)"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Tsang, Linda
2018-09-26
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H. Rept. 115-963, Part 1: Secure Border Communications Act, Report to Accompany H.R. 6742, September 25, 2018
From the Purpose and Summary: "The purpose of H.R. 6742, the Secure Border Communications Act, is to amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to require that the Secretary of Homeland Security ensure appropriate officers and agents of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) are equipped with secure radios or other two-way communication devices, supported by system interoperability. The bill requires that CBP communication devices allow officers and agents to communicate between ports of entry and inspection stations, and with other Federal, State, Tribal, and local law enforcement entities operating in the same area of responsibility. In addition, the bill requires that Border Patrol Agents operating in remote mission critical locations and at border checkpoints be outfitted with multi- or dual-band encrypted portable radios. The radios and communication devices acquired by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) shall have the option to connect to appropriate commercial mobile broadband networks when feasible. The Secretary may evaluate new or emerging communication technology to determine whether they are suitable for border security operational needs as well."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2018-09-25
