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Coast Guard Cutter Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress [May 23, 2018]
"This report provides background information and potential oversight issues for Congress on the Coast Guard's programs for procuring 8 National Security Cutters (NSCs), 25 Offshore Patrol Cutters (OPCs), and 58 Fast Response Cutters (FRCs). The Coast Guard's proposed FY2019 budget requests a total of $705 million in acquisition funding for the NSC, OPC, and FRC programs. The issue for Congress is whether to approve, reject, or modify the Coast Guard's funding requests and acquisition strategies for the NSC, OPC, and FRC programs. Congress's decisions on these three programs could substantially affect Coast Guard capabilities and funding requirements, and the U.S. shipbuilding industrial base. The NSC, OPC, and FRC programs have been subjects of congressional oversight for several years, and were previously covered in an earlier CRS report that is now archived. CRS (Congressional Research Service) testified on the Coast Guard's cutter acquisition programs most recently on July 25, 2017."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2018-05-23
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Combating the Opioid Epidemic: The Interception of Illicit Opioids by the Border Patrol
"U. S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) plays a vital role in interdicting illicit narcotics before they can enter the United States. This role is particularly important given the rise of the opioid epidemic and the increasing use of fentanyl, which is overwhelmingly produced outside the United States. At the request of Ranking Member Claire McCaskill, the Democratic staff of the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs examined the efforts of CBP to interdict illicit opioids entering the United States. The investigation found that Border Patrol Agents play an important role in stopping opioids. Currently, CBP collects data and statistics on opioid seizures made by its two primary law enforcement components, the Office of Field Operations, which controls operations at ports of entry, and Border Patrol, which maintains security between ports of entry. This report summarizes and analyzes data relating to the number and amount of opioid seizures by Border Patrol Agents over the last five years."
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
McCaskill, Claire C.
2018-05-23
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Government Efficiency and Effectiveness: Opportunities to Reduce Fragmentation, Overlap, and Duplication and Achieve Other Financial Benefits, Statement of Gene L. Dodaro, Comptroller General of the United States, Testimony Before the Committee on the Budget, U.S. Senate
"The federal government faces a long-term, unsustainable fiscal path based on an imbalance between federal revenues and spending. While addressing this imbalance will require fiscal policy changes, in the near term opportunities exist in a number of areas to improve this situation, including where federal programs or activities are fragmented, overlapping, or duplicative. To call attention to these opportunities, Congress included a provision in statute for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to identify and report on federal programs, agencies, offices, and initiatives--either within departments or government-wide--that have duplicative goals or activities. GAO also identifies areas that are fragmented or overlapping and additional opportunities to achieve cost savings or enhance revenue collection. GAO's 2018 annual report is its eighth in this series (GAO-18-371SP). This statement discusses [1] new areas identified in GAO's 2018 annual report; [2] the progress made in addressing actions GAO identified in its 2011 to 2017 reports; and [3] examples of open actions directed to Congress or executive branch agencies. To identify what actions exist to address these issues, GAO reviewed and updated prior work, including recommendations for executive action and matters for congressional consideration."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2018-05-23
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Information Technology: Continued Implementation of High-Risk Recommendations Is Needed to Better Manage Acquisitions, Operations, and Cybersecurity, Statement of David A. Powner, Director Information Technology Management Issues, Testimony Before the Subcommittees on Government Operations and Information Technology, Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, House of Representatives
"The federal government plans to invest almost $96 billion in IT [information technology] in fiscal year 2018. Historically, IT investments have too often failed or contributed little to mission-related outcomes. Further, increasingly sophisticated threats and frequent cyber incidents underscore the need for effective information security. As a result, GAO [Government Accountability Office] added two areas to its high-risk list: IT security in 1997 and the management of IT acquisitions and operations in 2015. This statement summarizes agencies' progress in improving IT management and ensuring the security of federal IT. It is primarily based on GAO's prior reports issued between February 1997 and May 2018 (and an ongoing review) on (1) CIO [Chief Information Officer] responsibilities, (2) agency CIOs' involvement in approving IT contracts, (3) data center consolidation efforts, (4) the management of software licenses, and (5) compliance with cybersecurity requirements. From fiscal years 2010 through 2015, GAO made about 800 recommendations to OMB [Office of Management and Budget] and federal agencies to address shortcomings in IT acquisitions and operations. Since 2010, GAO also made about 2,700 recommendations to federal agencies to improve the security of federal systems. These recommendations include those to improve the implementation of CIO responsibilities, the oversight of the data center consolidation initiative, software license management efforts, and the strength of security programs and technical controls. Most agencies agreed with these recommendations, and GAO will continue to monitor their implementation."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2018-05-23
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 5240: Enhancing Grid Security Through Public-Private Partnerships Act
"H.R. 5240 would direct the Department of Energy (DOE) to establish a program to promote collaborative efforts--among federal, state, and private stakeholders of the electricity sector--to assess and improve the physical security and cybersecurity of electric utilities. The bill would authorize DOE to provide guidance, training, and technical assistance to utilities and specify other reporting and administrative requirements. Using information from DOE, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that enacting H.R. 5240 would not significantly affect the federal budget. The activities authorized by the bill are largely consistent with DOE's existing efforts related to the security of the energy infrastructure. As a result, CBO expects that any changes in federal spending under the bill--which would be subject to appropriation--would be small."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-05-23
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FBI Warns of Posting Hoax Threats to Institutions and Launches Campaign to Educate the Public to #ThinkBeforeYouPost
"Today, the Federal Bureau of Investigation is announcing a campaign to educate the public on the consequences of posting hoax threats to schools and other public places, and reminds communities that these hoax threats are not a joke. In the aftermath of tragic shootings such as the ones at Santa Fe High School and Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School, the FBI and law enforcement around the country often see an increase in threats made to schools and other public forums. [...] Hoax threats are not a joke, so 'think before you post!'"
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2018-05-23
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Reading the President's Mind: Interpreting National Intent from Patterns and Landmarks, 1987-1996
From the Thesis Abstract: "This monograph identifies signals of national intent during military planning. In times of crisis, national policy is a moving target, especially for military planners trying to anticipate policy and align operations with it. Fortunately, when it comes to committing America's ground forces, there have been observable patterns and useful landmarks on the 'road-to-war' in Panama (1989), the Gulf War (1991), Haiti (1994), and Bosnia (1995). Patterns and landmarks enable planners to interpret what the President wants the military to do and when by providing termination criteria and timeline guidance. The crisis-response pattern of crisis, political response, military planning response, and catalyst, depicts US prerequisites for war. Landmarks like United Nations resolutions, presidential elections, treaties and national agreements, rise above the noise of the hyper-information environment and clarify real policy. Speeches from NCA [National Command Authority] figures are not reliable landmarks. Politically astute officers, in cooperation with interagency partners and legal counsel, are best suited to identify patterns and landmarks that clarify national intent."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Gillman, Mark D.
2018-05-23
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First Responder's Toolbox: Complex Operating Environment--Shopping Malls
From the Document: "Shopping malls are typically readily accessible by the public, mass transit and delivery vehicles, they are frequented by large crowds, and they are likely considered appealing soft targets. The physical attributes, location, and operational and logistical considerations of shopping malls create security challenges for first responders and security stakeholders. Common mall characteristics include open-access layout, steady hours of operation, and crowds of various sizes depending on time of year, sales events, and special activities, such as concerts, pageants and expos."
National Counterterrorism Center (U.S.)
Joint Counterterrorism Assessment Team
2018-05-23
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Cybersecurity Risks Posed by Unmanned Aircraft Systems
From the Scope Note: "This Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience note assesses cybersecurity risks to critical infrastructure associated with UASs [unmanned aircraft systems]. This product assesses the risks associated with malicious cyber actors utilizing UASs for offensive purposes, but does not assess the technical vulnerabilities associated with UASs or critical infrastructure systems. OCIA [Office Of Cyber and Infrastructure Analysis] does not know of a confirmed incident utilizing a UAS for malicious cyber activity against critical infrastructure systems. This product provides situational awareness of potential current and potential future malicious actions, with malicious acts noted in this paper having occurred inside controlled environments. This product supports Federal, State, local, and private sector partners with UAS equities."
United States. Department Of Homeland Security. Office Of Cyber and Infrastructure Analysis
2018-05-22
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Is There Liability for Cross-Border Shooting? [May 22, 2018]
"In 2010, a border patrol agent, standing in the United States, shot and killed a 15-year old Mexican boy standing across the border in Mexico. The Hernandez's parents sued. Last June, the Supreme Court returned the case to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (Fifth Circuit) for further legal proceedings. Hernandez v. Mesa. The Fifth Circuit has now ruled that the Hernandez family may not sue the border patrol agent under an implied-cause-of-action Bivens theory. Bivens refers to Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Fed. Bureau of Narcotics, a 1971 case in which the Supreme Court held that a victim of an unconstitutional search and seizure enjoyed an implied cause of action against the offending agents for damages in the absence of any other legal remedy. In later cases, the Supreme Court has hesitated to recognize an implied cause of action for other constitutional violations. Whether the Court will recognize an implied cause of action in these new-context cases turns on the existence of any special factors suggesting that the existence of any remedy for the constitutional violation should be left to Congress. The Court returned Hernandez to the Fifth Circuit for this 'special factor' analysis. The Fifth Circuit identified special factors that it held precluded recognition of an implied cause of action."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Doyle, Charles
2018-05-22
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U.S. Export Control System and the Export Control Reform Initiative [May 22, 2018]
"Difficulty with striking an appropriate balance between national security and export competitiveness has made the subject of export controls controversial for decades. Through the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), and other authorities, the United States restricts the export of defense articles; dual-use goods and technology; certain nuclear materials and technology; and items that would assist in the proliferation of nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons or the missile technology used to deliver them. U.S. export controls are also used to restrict exports to certain countries on which the United States imposes economic sanctions. The Export Administration Act (EAA) legislated dual-use controls, but it has expired and such controls are presently maintained under IEEPA authorities."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Fergusson, Ian F.; Kerr, Paul K.
2018-05-22
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Wastewater Infrastructure: Overview, Funding, and Legislative Developments [May 22, 2018]
"Waste discharges from municipal sewage treatment plants into inland and coastal waters are a significant source of water quality problems throughout the country. Pollutants associated with municipal discharges include nutrients (which can stimulate growth of algae that can deplete dissolved oxygen or produce harmful toxins), bacteria and other pathogens (which may impair drinking water supplies and recreation uses), and metals and toxic chemicals from industrial and commercial activities and households. The collection and treatment of wastewater remains among the most important public health interventions in human history and has contributed to a significant decrease in waterborne diseases during the past century. Funding these systems continues to be of interest to federal, state, and local officials and the general public."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Ramseur, Jonathan L.
2018-05-22
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Department of Homeland Security Appropriations: FY2018 [May 22, 2018]
"This report describes and analyzes annual appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for FY2018. It compares the enacted FY2017 appropriations for DHS, the Donald J. Trump Administration's FY2018 budget request, and the appropriations measures developed in response. This report identifies additional informational resources, reports, and products on DHS appropriations that provide context for the discussion, and it provides a list of Congressional Research Service (CRS) policy experts with whom clients may consult on specific topics. The suite of CRS reports on homeland security appropriations tracks legislative action and congressional issues related to DHS appropriations, with particular attention paid to discretionary funding amounts. These reports do not provide in-depth analysis of specific issues related to mandatory funding--such as retirement pay--nor do they systematically follow other legislation related to the authorizing or amending of DHS programs, activities, or fee revenues."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Painter, William L.
2018-05-22
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Special Report - Certain Findings Relating to the OIG's Investigation of Allegations Involving FLETC Senior Officials
From the Highlights: "Beginning in early January 2016, DHS OIG [Office of Inspector General] received dozens of allegations involving a variety of issues at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers (FLETC) facility in Glynco, Georgia. Following extensive investigation by DHS OIG investigators, the DHS OIG Special Reviews Group reviewed and evaluated the findings of the investigative team and identified certain findings that warranted public reporting. [...] DHS OIG made four recommendations aimed at ensuring that all FLETC employees, including those who comprise the senior leadership, comply with the policies, procedures, and ethical standards that govern the conduct of all DHS employees."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General
2018-05-22
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Public Law 115-173: Securely Expediting Clearances Through Reporting Transparency Act of 2018
From the Document: "An Act [t]o require the Director of the National Background Investigations Bureau to submit a report on the backlog of personnel security clearance investigations, and for other purposes."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2018-05-22
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, June 22, 2018
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "National HIV Testing Day -- June 27, 2018"; "Interval Since Last HIV Test for Men and Women with Recent Risk for HIV Infection -- United States, 2006-2016"; "Self-Reported Concussions from Playing a Sport or Being Physically Active Among High School Students -- United States, 2017"; "Smoke-Free and Tobacco-Free Policies in Colleges and Universities -- United States and Territories, 2017"; "Strategic Response to an Outbreak of Circulating Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Type 2 -- Syria, 2017-2018"; "Erratum: Vol 67, No 18"; and "QuickStats: Changes in Late Preterm Birth Rates, by State -- National Vital Statistics System, United States, 2014 and 2016."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2018-05-22
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Fact Sheet for OSCs: Fentanyl and Fentanyl Analogs
"The Fentanyl Fact Sheet was developed for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal On-Scene Coordinators (OSC) who may respond with, or provide technical advice to, local first responders who may encounter environmental contamination from fentanyl class compounds (fentanyl analogs). This fact sheet provides information regarding characteristics of fentanyl and fentanyl analogs; the physical properties of fentanyl, fentanyl citrate, carfentanil, 3-methylfentanyl and α-methylfentanyl; potential exposure pathways; provisional advisory levels (PAL) and industry occupational exposure limits (OEL); opioid relative potency, equianalgesic dose and estimated lethal dose; personal safety; personal protective equipment (PPE); field detection; sampling; analysis; decontamination/cleanup; personnel decontamination; waste management; and technical references."
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
2018-05-22
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Annual Report on Civilian Casualties in Connection with United States Military Operations (2017)
From the Document: "Not later than May 1 each year, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report on civilian casualties caused as a result of United States military operations during the preceding year." This report is for military operations during 2017.
United States. Department of Defense
2018-05-22
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National Hurricane Program: Pre-Impact Guidance and Best Practices from Emergency Managers
"The purpose of the NHP [National Hurricane Program] Pre-Impact Guidance is to present experience, best practices, and lessons learned from federal, state, and local emergency managers applied to a decision-making structure that emergency managers may reference, or use to support the development of checklists for pre-impact planning that are meaningful to their jurisdiction. This guidance is not intended to dictate how tropical cyclone planning and response must be done."
United States. Office of Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research
2018-05-22?
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Report to the President on Enhancing the Resilience of the Internet and Communications Ecosystem Against Botnets and Other Automated, Distributed Threats
"This report responds to the May 11, 2017, Executive Order, 'Strengthening the Cybersecurity of Federal Networks and Critical Infrastructure.' That order called for 'resilience against botnets and other automated, distributed threats,' directing the Secretary of Commerce, together with the Secretary of Homeland Security, to 'lead an open and transparent process to identify and promote action by appropriate stakeholders' with the goal of 'dramatically reducing threats perpetrated by automated and distributed attacks (e.g., botnets).' The Departments of Commerce and Homeland Security worked jointly on this effort through three approaches--hosting two workshops, publishing two requests for comment, and initiating an inquiry through the President's National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee (NSTAC)--aimed at gathering a broad range of input from experts and stakeholders, including private industry, academia, and civil society. These activities all contributed to the information-gathering process for the agencies developing the recommendations in this report. The Departments worked in consultation with the Departments of Defense, Justice, and State, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the sector-specific agencies, the Federal Communications Commission and Federal Trade Commission, and other interested agencies."
United States. Department of Commerce; United States. Department of Homeland Security
2018-05-22
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Navy Irregular Warfare and Counterterrorism Operations: Background and Issues for Congress [May 21, 2018]
"This report provides background information and potential issues for Congress on the Navy's irregular warfare (IW) and counterterrorism (CT) operations. The Navy's IW and CT activities pose a number of potential oversight issues for Congress, including how much emphasis to place on IW and CT activities in Navy budgets, particularly in a context of constraints on Navy budgets and Navy desires to devote resources to developing 'high end' combat capabilities for countering improved conventional military capabilities of countries such as China and Russia. Congress's decisions regarding Navy IW and CT operations can affect Navy operations and funding requirements, and the implementation of the nation's overall IW and CT strategies."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2018-05-21
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Iran: Politics, Human Rights, and U.S. Policy [May 21, 2018]
"Since the Islamic Revolution in Iran in 1979, the United States and Iran have been broadly at odds. During the 1980s and 1990s, U.S. officials identified Iran's support for militant Middle East groups as the primary threat posed by Iran to U.S. interests and allies. Iran's nuclear program took precedence in U.S. policy after 2002 as the potential for Iran to develop a nuclear weapon increased. Beginning in 2010, the United States orchestrated broad international economic pressure on Iran to persuade it to agree to strict limits on the program--pressure that contributed to the June 2013 election of the relatively moderate Hassan Rouhani as president of Iran and the eventual negotiation of a 'Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action' (JCPOA). The JCPOA, which took effect in January 2016, exchanged broad sanctions relief for temporary limits on Iran's nuclear program. The JCPOA reduced the potential threat from Iran's nuclear program, but did not directly address the full range of threats posed by Iran, including from its ballistic missile program; its regional influence and support for armed factions; its conventional military programs; and its human rights abuses."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Katzman, Kenneth
2018-05-21
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Advanced Pilot Training (T-X) Program: Background and Issues for Congress [May 21, 2018]
"On December 30, 2016, the United States Air Force (USAF) issued a final solicitation and request for proposal (RFP) to industry to replace the USAF trainer fleet of T-38C Talon aircraft and associated ground-based training systems. The USAF intends to buy 350 Advanced Pilot Training (APT T-X) aircraft and 46 Ground-Based Training Systems (GBTS), a contract valued at roughly $1.5 billion for the research, design, test, and evaluation phase of the program and estimated $18 billion in future procurement. The FY2019 Administration budget request included $265.465million for the T-X. Contract award was anticipated in December 2017. However, the FY2019 defense budget submission now projects an award sometime in FY2018. According to the USAF, the T-38C trainer fleet is old, costly, and outdated. It lacks the technology to train future pilots for fifth-generation fighter and bomber operations. Based on Air Education Training Command's evaluation of the required capabilities to train future pilots for fifth-generation fighters and bombers, the T-38C falls short in 12 of 18 capabilities, forcing the USAF to train for those capabilities in operational units where flying hours are costly and can affect fleet readiness."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Gertler, Jeremiah
2018-05-21
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Federal Budget: Overview and Issues for FY2019 and Beyond
"The federal budget is a central component of the congressional 'power of the purse.' Each fiscal year, Congress and the President engage in a number of activities that influence short- and longrun revenue and expenditure trends. This report offers context for the current budget debate and tracks legislative events related to the federal budget. After a decline in budget deficits over the past several years, the deficit is projected to increase significantly in FY2019. Enactment of the 2017 tax revision (P.L. 115-97) and the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (BBA 2018; P.L. 115-123) are projected to decrease revenues and increase outlays relative to past years, thus increasing deficits. The Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA; P.L. 112-25) implemented several measures intended to reduce deficits from FY2012 through FY2021, and deficits declined from FY2012 through FY2015. In its April 2018 forecast, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) baseline projects that the FY2019 deficit will equal $981 billion (4.6% of GDP), its highest value since the economy was recovering from the Great Recession in FY2012."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Driessen, Grant A.
2018-05-21
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China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities-- Background and Issues for Congress [May 21, 2018]
"This report provides background information and issues for Congress on China's naval modernization effort and its implications for U.S. Navy capabilities. The question of how the United States should respond to China's military modernization effort, including its naval modernization effort, is a key issue in U.S. defense planning and budgeting. Many U.S. military programs for countering improving Chinese military forces (particularly its naval forces) fall within the U.S. Navy's budget. The issue for Congress is how the U.S. Navy should respond to China's military modernization effort, particularly its naval modernization effort. Decisions that Congress reaches on this issue could affect U.S. Navy capabilities and funding requirements and the U.S. defense industrial base."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2018-05-21
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Israel: Background and U.S. Relations in Brief [May 21, 2018]
"Strong relations between the United States and Israel have reinforced bilateral cooperation in many areas. Nevertheless, leaders from the two countries periodically differ on key issues. Matters of particular significance for bilateral relations include the following: (1) Concerns about Iran and Iranian allies, including the 2015 international nuclear agreement and growing tension and conflict involving Iran and its allies (including Hezbollah) at Israel's northern border with Syria and Lebanon. (2) Israeli-Palestinian issues, including President Trump's recognition of Jerusalem as Israel's capital and relocation of the U.S. embassy in Israel there. (3) Israeli domestic political issues, including criminal cases pending against Prime Minister Netanyahu."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Zanotti, Jim
2018-05-21
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Changes in the Arctic: Background and Issues for Congress [May 21, 2018]
"The diminishment of Arctic sea ice has led to increased human activities in the Arctic, and has heightened interest in, and concerns about, the region's future. Issues such as Arctic territorial disputes; commercial shipping through the Arctic; Arctic oil, gas, and mineral exploration; endangered Arctic species; and increased military operations in the Arctic could cause the region in coming years to become an arena of international cooperation or competition. The United States, by virtue of Alaska, is an Arctic country and has substantial political, economic, energy, environmental, and other interests in the region. Decisions that Congress makes on Arctic-related issues could significantly affect these interests. This report provides an overview of Arctic-related issues for Congress, and refers readers to more in-depth CRS reports on specific Arctic-related issues. Congressional readers with questions about an issue discussed in this report should contact the author or authors of the section discussing that issue. The authors are identified by footnote at the start of each section."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2018-05-21
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Increasing Police Accountability and Improving Use of Force Policies in the United States
From the Abstract: "Communities, and their respective police departments, have significant impacts on the social and legal matters they are involved with, making it crucial for both parties to strive to maintain strong, collaborative relationships. Positive interactions between police and the public are therefore extremely vital and beneficial to all involved. Police officers should be held accountable for their transgressions and subject to transparency for their on-duty actions through legal records. Several issues lie in the policies and procedures which requires more attention in its analysis. Changing policies and procedure in the United States regarding police use of force to remedy inconsistencies calls for a national standard and educational rework. Similar conclusions have been reached by the DOJ [Department of Justice] and NIJ [National Institute of Justice] regarding the problems of policing. The problems urgently require reform in order to create sustainability through an updated, and better managed utilized database on police records during the hiring process. This paper will explore the lack of de-escalation methods used in situations where police unnecessarily used force to take control of situations, instead of reserving their use of force as a last resort. Excessive use of force issues that stem from a lack of police accountability will also be explored."
San José State University. ScholarWorks
Kwong, Leica
2018-05-21
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Domestic and International Firearm Laws: Can Implementation Be Used to Nationally Decrease Firearm Violence and Mass Shootings
From the Abstract: "The issue of firearm violence in the United States is highly controversial, as there are sound arguments on both sides of the discussion. Advocates of stricter gun laws often refer to both international and domestic examples that highlight the effectiveness of more restrictive firearm policies. Japan and Australia are two such countries that are continually referred to when a tragedy, such as a mass shooting, occurs in the United States and initial reactions often emphasis a need for fewer guns in the general public. Opposition to the proposed reforms of firearm policies cite the importance of the Second Amendment which grants their right to bear arms. To better understand both sides of the argument, this paper examines the effectiveness of firearm policies on an international and domestic level, and seeks to address whether or not such policies would aid in addressing firearm crime."
San José State University. ScholarWorks
Banuelos, Kenneth
2018-05-21
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S. Rept. 115-250: Reliable Investment in Vital Energy Reauthorization Act, Report to Accompany S. 1336, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, May 21, 2018
"The purpose of S. 1336 is to reauthorize hydroelectric production incentives and hydroelectric efficiency improvement incentives, and for other purposes."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2018-05-21
