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Darker Bioweapons Future
The Academy of Sciences concluded that advances in biotechnology, coupled with the difficulty in detecting nefarious biological activity, have the potential to create a much more dangerous biological warfare (BW) threat. Growing understanding of the complex biochemical pathways that underlie life processes has the potential to enable a class of new, more virulent biological agents engineered to attack distinct biochemical pathways and elicit specific effects, claimed panel members. Biologists have synthesized a key smallpox viral protein and shown its effectiveness in blocking critical aspects of the human immune response.
United States. Central Intelligence Agency
2003-11-03
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Mental Health and Mass Violence: Evidence-Based Early Psychological Intervention for Victims/Survivors of Mass Violence: A Workshop to Reach Consensus on Best Practices, October 29-November 1, 2001
Americans have been exposed to increased levels of mass violence during the past decade. School violence, shootings in the workplace, and terrorist acts both here and abroad--all have affected individuals, families, communities, and our country. This report addresses the urgent need to evaluate the various psychological interventions that are increasingly among the first responses to these traumatic events. At a workshop held from October 30 to November 1, 2001, 58 disaster mental health experts from six countries were invited to address the impact of early psychological interventions and to identify what works, what doesn't work, and what the gaps are in our knowledge. Prior to the workshop, leading mental health research clinicians from the United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom prepared a review of the published, peer-reviewed literature (tables appear in Appendix G and references appear in Appendix I). Workshop participants examined research on critical issues related to the following questions: What early interventions can be recommended in mass violence situations? What should the key operating principles be? What are the issues of timing of early intervention? What is appropriate screening? What is appropriate follow-up, for whom, over what period of time? What expertise, skills, and training are necessary for early interventions, at what level of sophistication? What is the role of research and evaluation? What are the ethical issues involved in early interventions? What are the key questions for the field of early intervention that have not yet been thoroughly researched?
National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.)
2002
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Weapons of Mass Destruction Civil Support Teams [website]
Composed of Army and Air National Guardsmen the Weapons of Mass Destruction Civil Support Teams assess a suspected WMD attack, advise civilian responders on appropriate actions, and facilitate the arrival of additional state and Federal military forces. Each team consists of 22 full-time Army and Air National Guardsmen and is broken down into six smaller teams - command, operations, communications, administration and logistics, medical, and survey - that have been trained and equipped to provide a technical capability to "reach back" to other experts who can assist the incident commander.
USAF Counterproliferation Center
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PILOTS Database: An Electronic Index to the Traumatic Stress Literature
Produced by the National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, PILOTS is an electronic index to the worldwide literature on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental-health consequences of exposure to traumatic events. With over twenty thousand entries, content is primarily to citations and abstracts, with some full-text included. The database is updated bimonthly, and a list of the most recent additions is available in PDF form. [Note: computers at sites with restrictive firewalls may have difficulty accessing this site.]
National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (U.S.)
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Shock and Awe: Achieving Rapid Dominance
The purpose of this paper is to explore alternative concepts for structuring mission capability packages (MCPs) around which future U. S. military forces might be configured. From the very outset of this study group's deliberations, we agreed that the most useful contribution we could make would be to attempt to reach beyond what we saw as the current and commendable efforts, largely but not entirely within the Department of Defense, to define concepts for strategy, doctrine, operations, and force structure to deal with a highly uncertain future. In approaching this endeavor, we fully recognized the inherent and actual limits and difficulties in attempting to reach beyond what may prove to be the full extent of our grasp. It is, of course, clear that U.S. military forces are currently the most capable in the world and are likely to remain so for a long time to come. Why then, many will ask, should we examine and even propose major excursions and changes if the country occupies this position of military superiority? For reasons noted in this study, we believe that excursions are important if only to confirm the validity of current defense approaches. There are several overarching realities that have led us to this conclusion. First, while everyone recognizes that the Cold War has ended, there is not a consensus about what this means for more precisely defining the nature of our future security needs. Despite this absence of both clairvoyance and a galvanizing external danger, the United States is actively examining new strategic options and choices. The variety of conceptual efforts underway in the Pentagon to deal with this uncertainty exemplifies this reality.
National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies
Ullman, Harlan; Wade, James P., 1930-
1996-12
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Iraq's Chemical Warfare Program
A Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) product completed in September 2002 entitled "Iraq: Key WMD Facilities: An Operation Support Study" was a planning document produced in support of United States Central Command. That study was not a DIA assessment of Iraq's weapons of mass destruction program or capability. It addressed issues related to Iraq's chemical, biological, and nuclear program infrastructure. DIA stands solid behind the Intelligence Community's assessment that Iraq had an on-going chemical weapons program that was in violation of United Nation sanctions. This document is the declassified section on Iraq's chemical warfare program from the classified DIA study.
United States. Defense Intelligence Agency
2003-06
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Volpe National Transportation Systems Center [website]
The John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center is a recognized center of transportation and logistics expertise. The Center assists federal, state, and local governments, industry, and academia in a number of areas, including human factors research, system design, implementation, and assessment, global tracking, strategic investment and resource allocation, environmental preservation, and organizational effectiveness. Work includes a broad mix of projects that cut across traditional transportation modes and technical disciplines.
United States. Department of Transportation
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Supplemental Report on September 11 Detainees' Allegations of Abuse at the Metropolitan Detention Center in Brooklyn, New York
"This report details the investigation conducted by the Office of the Inspector General (OIG) concerning allegations that staff members of the Federal Bureau of Prisons' (BOP) Metropolitan Detention Center (MDC) in Brooklyn, New York, physically and verbally abused aliens who were detained in connection with the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. In June 2003 an earlier report evaluating the treatment of 762 detainees who were held on immigration charges in connection with the investigation of the September 11 attacks was issued. In that report it was noted that the investigation into verbal and physical abuse towards detainees' was not completed. This new report details the findings and conclusions from the investigation and has been forwarded to the BOP for their review and appropriate disciplinary action."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of the Inspector General
2003-12
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Defense Logistics: Preliminary Observations on the Effectiveness of Logistics Activities during Operation Iraqi Freedom
"Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) is one of the largest logistics supply and support efforts that the U.S. military has ever undertaken. For example, of the $28.1 billion that the Department of Defense (DOD) has obligated for OIF, the services and the Defense Logistics Agency have reported that $14.2 billion is for operating support costs and $4.9 billion is for transportation costs. This operation required the movement of large numbers of personnel and equipment over long distances into a hostile environment involving harsh desert conditions. This report summarizes the logistics support problems in the OIF Theater. Such problems include the backlog of pallets and other materials that have been delayed or not reached their destination due to transportation constraints, and late fees on leased containers reaching into the millions of dollars. The report finds that some of these logistics problems may be due to poor asset visibility, insufficient and ineffective theater distribution capability, and failure to apply "lessons learned" from prior operations."
United States. General Accounting Office
2003-12-18
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Fact Sheet: Attorney General's Guidelines for FBI National Security Investigations and Foreign Intelligence Collection
"Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the Attorney General ordered a broader review of Justice Department guidelines concerning national security and criminal matters. The purposes of that review were to bring investigative practice into line with current counterterrorism priorities, change from a reactive orientation to an orientation emphasizing early intervention and prevention of terrorist acts before they occur, promote initiative at the FBI field office level in investigative activities, strengthen centralized access to and use of investigative information and intelligence, and improve interagency coordination. The guidelines and strategy implemented to that end is outlined in the following fact sheet and NSI Guidelines."
United States. Department of Justice
2002-03-30
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Seller Beware: US International Technology Transfer and Its Impact on National Security
"In the post-cold-war era, there has been a concern that the current policies and strategies regarding exports are obsolete and need overhauling. The call for reexamining the policies is being championed alternately by those who want export controls and policies relaxed and those who believe we may already be transferring too much sensitive technology to potential adversaries. The question at the heart of the dilemma is this: Can the United States maintain a technologically superior force while it expands the defense industrial base beyond the needs of our military. The overall threat to US interests will be complicated by the proliferation of advanced technologies. While U.S. and Western militaries are seen to have the edge in integrating various technologies, the greatest challenge may come from rogue nations or a subnational group possessing a critical system or technology that provides an asymmetrical edge or negates our advantage. This paper examines the debate regarding whether and how to change current export controls and policies, discusses the current policies with an emphasis on how they relate to the defense industry, and concludes by looking at the strategic challenges facing the United States on technology transfer."
Air University (U.S.). Press
Johnson, Wayne M.
1998-12
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Laws and Leaks of Classified Intelligence, Consequences of Permissive Neglect
The future of US intelligence effectiveness depends to a very significant degree on keeping its secrets about collection sources and methods and analytical techniques. When secrecy is breached, foreign targets of US intelligence---such as adversary countries and terrorists---learn about, and then often develop countermeasures to, US intelligence techniques and operations. As a result, the effectiveness of intelligence declines, to the detriment of the national security policymakers and war fighters, and the citizenry that it is meant to serve.
United States. Office of the National Counterintelligence Executive
Bruce, James B.
2003-11-06
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Your Role in Combating the Insider Threat
The Defense Intelligence Agency's (DIA) Counterintelligence and Security Activity (DAC) recently produced a guide to help its members understand their responsibilities for reporting suitability issues and potential espionage indicators that may surface in a colleague's behavior. The guide cites several conclusions reached in the 2002 study conducted by the Defense Personnel Security Research Center (PERSEREC), the complete text of which may be found elsewhere on the NCIX Web site. There is no established formula for recognizing that someone is involved in espionage. This much can be seen even in a brief review of many of the espionage cases against the United States, which have occurred over past years. However, certain situational factors or suitability issues can make an individual predisposed to volunteer to spy or vulnerable to exploitation by foreign intelligence officers. According to the 2002 PERSEREC study, "most known American spies (80%) demonstrated one or more conditions or behaviors of security concern" before they turned to espionage. While reports of behaviors of security concern or personal crises by coworkers have led to the apprehension of some American spies, reluctance to report these issues has also allowed other spies to persist in their crimes.
United States. Defense Intelligence Agency
2003-11-06
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Core Criminal Intelligence Training Standards for United States Law Enforcement and Other Criminal Justice Agencies
The purpose of these standards is to establish core concepts, principles, and practices within the law enforcement criminal intelligence function. This, in turn, will promote the sharing of information and increase cooperation among law enforcement to better protect the public from criminal enterprises and threats. The Global Justice Information Sharing Initiative (Global) Intelligence Working Group (GIWG) Training Committee adopted the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) Summit participants' training recommendations that all levels of law enforcement need to be trained in intelligence. Otherwise, intelligence could become solely the focus of a small unit within the department, rather than being part of the core mission in which all levels of the department are involved. The GIWG Training Committee focused on developing a train-the-trainer component and establishing standards for police executives, managers of criminal intelligence/investigative functions, general law enforcement officers, intelligence officers, and intelligence analysts. The Committee's first goal was to identify specific training topics and issues for each level of personnel involved in the intelligence process. Their second goal was to make specific recommendations for training objectives and the delivery of training. Their third goal is to work with relevant agencies and groups to develop model curricula.
United States. Office of Justice Programs
Global Justice Information Sharing Initiative Intelligence
2000
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International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP): Model Policy on Criminal Intelligence
The purpose of this policy is "to provide law enforcement officers in general, and officers assigned to the intelligence function in particular, with guidelines and principles for the collection, analysis, and distribution of intelligence information."
United States. Bureau of Justice Assistance
International Association of Chiefs of Police
2003
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Global Intelligence Working Group Information /Intelligence Sharing System Survey
This document outlines the parameters of the Global Intelligence Working Group survey on information/intelligence sharing and a summary of the results.
United States. Office of Justice Programs
Global Justice Information Sharing Initiative Intelligence
2003
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Homeland Security: Preliminary Observations on Efforts to Target Security Inspections of Cargo Containers, Statement of Richard M. Stana, Director, Homeland Security and Justice, Testimony before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives
"After the attacks of September 11, 2001, concerns intensified that terrorists would attempt to smuggle a weapon of mass destruction into the United States. One possible method for terrorists to smuggle such a weapon is to use one of the 7 million cargo containers that arrive at our nation's seaports each year. The Department of Homeland Security's U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is responsible for addressing the potential threat posed by the movement of oceangoing cargo containers. Since CBP cannot inspect all arriving cargo containers, it uses a targeting strategy, which includes an automated targeting system. This system targets some containers for inspection based on a perceived level of risk. In this testimony, GAO provides preliminary findings on its assessment of (1) whether CBP's development of its targeting strategy is consistent with recognized key risk management and computer modeling practices and (2) how well the targeting strategy has been implemented at selected seaports around the country. GAO is completing its assessment and developing recommendations to address strategy development and implementation challenges." -- Highlights
United States. General Accounting Office
2003-12-16
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Joint Terrorism Task Force: A Concept that Works
This report covers the integration of varied agencies under the cover of the Joint Terrorism Task Force. The history outlining the combination of federal and local law enforcement agencies is also covered, and the ideas behind the initial founding of the JTTF are also described. "Since its inception, the FBI-NYPD
JTTF has remained on the forefront of the war against terrorism. The World Trade Center bombing proved that Americans could not view terrorism as a malady that affected only other countries. That attack, as well as the Oklahoma City bombing and the bombing at the 1996 Summer Olympics, awakened Americans to
the fact that terrorism had come to the United States. Today, 16 JTTFs stand ready to deter, counter, and respond to acts of terrorism. The FBI-NYPD JTTF, as well as the others throughout the country, remain dedicated to fighting terrorism and eliminating the fear and panic that terrorists rely on to advance their causes. The combining of federal, state, and local law enforcement resources has resulted in effective maximization of resources, the provision of sophisticated investigative and technological resources, and linkage to all federal government resources in the United States and worldwide. The participating law enforcement agencies, working as one, provide the needed knowledge, skills, and resources essential for law enforcement agencies to succeed in fighting the menace of terrorism."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
Martin, Robert A.
1999-03
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Bomb Threat: A Primer for the First Responder
The increase in dramatic bombings in the United States and abroad over the last few years has forced most officers to take increased training to prepare for most every situation. First-responder training is vital in preventing danger and injury to law enforcement professionals, and an important instrument in ensuring greater safety to all civilians.
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
Fuller, T.C.
1999-03
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Report on a Seminar Regarding Arab/Islamic Perceptions of the Information Campaign
The Center for Emerging Threats and Opportunities (CETO) conducted a workshop on the issue of Islamic and Middle Eastern perceptions of the information campaign in the War on Terrorism at the offices of the Potomac Institute for Policy Studies, Arlington, VA, on November 8, 2001. Participants included members of the Islamic and Arab-American communities and members of the Interagency community involved in the information campaign. The objective was to give the government representatives a perspective on how the campaign is being received by the worldwide Muslim and Arab communities.
Center for Emerging Threats and Opportunities (Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory)
2001-11-08
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Lasers and Missile Defense: New Concepts for Space-Based and Ground Based Laser Weapons
Recent advances in lasers, optics, and spacecraft technologies may bring high-energy laser weapons to a sufficient level of maturity for serious consideration as space weapons against the theater ballistic missile threat. However, these technological advances also make other architectures possible, such as the use of terrestrial laser sources with space-based relay mirrors or a mixed force of space-based lasers with orbiting relay mirrors. An important question is how these dramatic technology improvements have affected the strategic employment concepts for high-energy laser weapons. Three space-based architectures are evaluated against the potential ballistic missile threat: space-based lasers, ground-based lasers in conjunction with orbiting mirrors, and a combined approach using space-based lasers with orbiting mirrors.
United States. Department of Defense
Possel, William H
1998-07
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American Access to Russian Nuclear Weapons Storage Sites
There are a multitude of reasons why Russia has not allowed American experts to have access to the many sites where non-alert nuclear weapons are stored. Each reason is explored, and it is concluded that access could be granted only by a pronouncement from the highest levels of government, which is exactly what Prime Minister Kasyanov did on 1 April 2002. It is argued that the ascendancy of economic policy and the recognition that the threat of nuclear terrorism applies to Russia, as well as to the United States, overruled all objections. Note: This document has been added to the Homeland Security Digital Library in agreement with the Project on Advanced Systems and Concepts for Countering WMD (PASCC) as part of the PASCC collection. Permission to download and/or retrieve this resource has been obtained through PASCC.
United States. Department of Defense
Smith, Jr., Harold P.
2003-08
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Committee on Oversight and Government Reform [website]
"The Committee on Oversight and Government Reform is the main investigative committee in the U.S. House of Representatives. It has jurisdiction to investigate any federal program and any matter with federal policy implications." The website includes their schedule, hearing information, investigations, legislation, and recent news.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform (1999-2006)
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U.S. Department of State: Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR) [website]
The Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR), drawing on all-source intelligence, provides value-added independent analysis of events to Department policymakers, ensures that intelligence activities support foreign policy and national security purposes; and serves as the focal point in the Department for ensuring policy review of sensitive counterintelligence and law enforcement activities. INR's primary mission is to harness intelligence to serve U.S. diplomacy. The bureau also analyzes geographical and international boundary issues.
United States. Department of State. Bureau of Intelligence and Research
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National Institute of Standards and Technology: Computer Security Resource Center (CSRC) [website]
The Computer Security Resource Center (CSRC) is the product of the Computer Security Division within the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The mission of NIST's Computer Security Division is to improve information systems security by raising awareness of IT risks, vulnerabilities and protection requirements, particularly for new and emerging technologies.
National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.)
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Rewards for Justice [website]
"The Rewards Program, a counter-terrorism rewards program "established by the 1984 Act to Combat International Terrorism, Public Law 98-533, ...is administered by the U.S. Department of State's Bureau of Diplomatic Security." The web site lists a number of terrorist acts with brief descriptions and photos. Rewards are offered for information leading to the arrest and conviction of persons responsible for such acts."
United States. Department of State. Bureau of Diplomatic Security
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JSCOPE 2001: A Joint Services Conference on Professional Ethics: The Domestic Role of the Military [website]
The Joint Services Conference on Professional Ethics (JSCOPE 2001) lists the papers presented at the JSCOPE conference on the Domestic Role of the Military.
United States Air Force Academy
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U.S. Department of Labor: Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) [website]
The mission of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is to save lives, prevent injuries and protect the health of America's workers. To accomplish this, federal and state governments must work in partnership with the more than 100 million working men and women and their six and a half million employers who are covered by the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970.
United States. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
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U.S. Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazarous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA): Library [website]
"The PHMSA [Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration] Library is you 'one-stop' source for public documents relate to the safe transport of hazardous materials." This library offers general information related to the topic, along with the Hazmat Safety Library and the Pipeline Safety Library. .
United States. Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
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U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission: Post 9/11 Information
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission Post 9/11 Information page includes correspondence, fact sheets, press releases, speeches, and testimonies surrounding the US Nuclear Regulator Commission and 9/11.
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
