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Cyber Defense Review, Spring 2022 (Volume 7, Number 2)
This Spring 2022 Edition of the Cyber Defense Review contains the following articles: "So…Anything Interesting Going On?" by Jeffrey M. Erickson; "Cyber Crime and Geostrategic Clash Over the Internet: Deputizing the Private Sector to Assist" by Dennis Blair and Bud Roth; "Conceptualizing Cyberspace Security Diplomacy" by Christopher Ford; "AI [Artificial Intelligence], Super Intelligence, and the Fear of Machines in Control" by Brian Mullins; "Information as Power: Evolving US Military Information Operations and Their Implications for Global Internet Governance" by Milton Mueller and Karl Grindal; "Timing Influence Efforts with Information Processing" by Joshua McCarty and Kaylee Laakso; "'Explicit' Bargains are Essential to Forming Desired Norms in Cyberspace" by Wonny Kim; "America's Cyber Auxiliary: Building Capacity and Future Operators" by Jeffrey Fair; "The Global Engagement's Center's Response to the Coronavirus Infodemic" by Neill Perry; and the Book Review "Bitskrieg: The New Challenge of Cyberwarfare By John Arquilla" by Mathieu Couillard.
Army Cyber Institute, West Point
2022
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Initial Summary Analysis of Responses to the Request for Information (RFI) Evaluating and Improving Cybersecurity Resources: The Cybersecurity Framework and Cybersecurity Supply Chain Risk Management
From the Introduction: "On February 22, 2022, NIST issued a public Request for Information (RFI), 'Evaluating and Improving NIST [National Institute of Standards and Technology] Cybersecurity Resources: The Cybersecurity Framework [CSF] and Cybersecurity Supply Chain Risk Management.' [hyperlink] The RFI sought information on the use of the NIST Cybersecurity Framework as well as recommendations to improve the effectiveness of the Framework and its alignment with other cybersecurity resources. The RFI also sought suggestions to inform other cybersecurity efforts at NIST, especially related to supply chain cybersecurity risks. When the RFI was issued, Commerce Deputy Secretary Don Graves stated [hyperlink]: 'Every organization needs to manage cybersecurity risk as a part of doing business, whether it is in industry, government or academia...It is critical to their resilience and to our nation's economic security. There are many tools available to help, and the CSF is one of the leading frameworks for private sector cybersecurity maintenance. We want private and public sector organizations to help make it even more useful and widely used, including by small companies.' This document represents an initial, high-level summary of the RFI responses. NIST received more than 130 RFI responses, including many comments submitted jointly by multiple organizations or associations representing numerous organizations. The responses can be found on the NIST CSF website. [hyperlink]"
National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.)
2022-06-03
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Audit of the Implementation of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, Section 3610
From the Executive Summary: "On 27 March 2020, Congress enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act in response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) national emergency. Section 3610 of the CARES Act permits federal agencies, under certain circumstances, to modify terms of existing contracts or agreements, and to reimburse federal contractors' compensation due to COVID 19 [sic] related issues. The CARES Act, Section 3610 provides agencies the discretion to reimburse paid leave to federal contractors confronted with the inability of their employees or subcontractors to perform work at a federal government-approved work site due to facility closures or restrictions when their job duties could not be performed remotely. Reimbursement under the CARES Act, Section 3610 has several limitations related to contractor status, billing rates, hours, and whether the contractor has received other COVID-19 relief. As of 8 June 2021 , the National Security Agency (NSA)/ Central Security Service (CSS)-hereinafter referred to as NSA-reported $917 million in CARES invoices for a total of 81 ,000 CARES hours. The overall objective of this Office of the Inspector General (OIG) audit was to determine whether NSA economically, effectively, and efficiently implemented Section 3610 of the CARES Act."
United States. National Security Agency. Office of Inspector General
2022-05-26
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Leading the Wireless Future: Securing American Network Technology, Virtual Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Communications and Technology of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventeenth Congress, First Session, April 21, 2021
This is the April 21, 2021 virtual hearing on "Leading the Wireless Future: Securing American Network Technology," held before the U.S. House Subcommittee on Communications and Technology of the Committee on Energy and Commerce. From the opening statement of Mike Doyle: "Today we are talking about our Nation's wireless future and, to some extent, the world's as well. The importance of wireless has never been greater. 5G [fifth generation] networks and beyond will grow our economy and enable revolutionary advances in technology and connectivity. However, as a country and a planet, we face growing challenge. Currently, only four major companies, two based in Europe and two in China, build the equipment and infrastructure essential for these deployments. [...] We have seen in the United States, Europe, and around the world that lack of competition in this space has divided folks into two camps: those that can afford secure networks and those that can't. And as more and more communications and commerce occur via wirelessly connected devices, the security and integrity of these networks has only become more important." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Diane Rinaldo, John Baker, Tim Donovan, John Mezzalingua, and Tareq Amin.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022
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Motor Carrier Safety: More Assessment and Transparency Could Enhance Benefits of New Oversight Program, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "Over 3,600 people in this country died in 2009 as a result of crashes involving large commercial trucks and buses. Until recently the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) and its state partners tracked the safety of motor carriers--companies that own these vehicles--by conducting resource-intensive compliance reviews of a small percentage of carriers. In 2004, FMCSA began its Compliance, Safety, and Accountability (CSA) program. CSA is intended to identify and evaluate carriers and drivers posing high safety risks. FMCSA has focused on three key CSA oversight activities to evaluate carriers: a new Safety Measurement System (SMS) using more roadside inspection and other data to identify at-risk carriers; a wider range of 'interventions' to reach more at-risk carriers; and using SMS data to suspend unfit carriers. FMCSA expected to fully implement CSA by late 2010. FMCSA also plans to separately use data to rate drivers' fitness. In this report, GAO [Government Accountability Office] assessed: (1) the status of the CSA rollout and issues that could affect it and (2) CSA's potential to improve safety. GAO reviewed CSA plans and data, visited eight states, and interviewed FMCSA, state, and industry officials."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2011-09
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Hanford Cleanup: DOE Has Opportunities to Better Ensure Effective Startup and Sustained Low-Activity Waste Operations, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "DOE [Department of Energy] created the DFLAW [Direct-Feed Low-Activity Waste] program to treat part of the least radioactive portion of the 54 million gallons of radioactive liquid waste held in 177 aging and leak-prone underground storage tanks at the Hanford Site in Washington State. DOE estimates that the DFLAW program will cost $8.3 billion when complete and begin treating waste in December 2023. DOE is currently in negotiations with the contractor on a possible contract extension for certain DFLAW facilities that may require additional work. Senate Report 116-236 accompanying S. 4049, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, includes a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to review the DFLAW program. Among other things, GAO's report describes the status of facilities needed to start DFLAW operations and examines the challenges DOE faces in starting and sustaining DFLAW operations. GAO reviewed agency documents and DFLAW program data from December 2020 through May 2021; analyzed DOE documents on DFLAW starting and operating challenges and risks, including DOE plans to manage them; and interviewed DOE officials. [...] GAO is making four recommendations, including that DOE ensures that existing challenges and problems in facilities, systems, and components related to DFLAW are resolved by the end of hot commissioning and the start of normal operations. DOE agreed with GAO's recommendations and stated that it is taking steps to implement them by December 31, 2022."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-06
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Los Alamos National Laboratory: Contractor Improving in Safety and Other Areas but Still Faces Challenges, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "NNSA [National Nuclear Security Administration] relies heavily on an M&O [management and operating] contractor to carry out complex and dangerous work related to nuclear weapons production at LANL [Los Alamos National Laboratory]. Following substantial operational interruptions due to safety lapses, in 2018, NNSA awarded a new contract to manage and operate LANL to Triad. NNSA made changes to the contract with the intent over 10 years to improve safety performance, realize cost savings, and achieve other benefits. NNSA is now seeking to expand plutonium pit production and other missions at LANL and, in turn, increase the laboratory's workforce. The National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal year 2019 includes a provision for NNSA to report on the costs and benefits of competing any new M&O contract, and for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to issue two associated reviews. This is GAO's second review on NNSA's contract with Triad (for GAO's first review, see GAO-20-292R [hyperlink]). In this review, GAO examines (1) steps Triad has taken to improve safety performance at LANL, and how NNSA and other organizations have assessed these steps; and (2) the extent to which anticipated cost savings and other benefits have been realized under the current contract thus far. GAO reviewed NNSA performance evaluations, policies, and regulations, and interviewed DOE and NNSA officials and Triad representatives."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-06
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Maritime Security: Progress Made, but Further Actions Needed to Secure the Maritime Energy Supply, Statement of Stephen L. Caldwell, Director, Homeland Security and Justice Issues, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Management; Committee on Homeland Security; House of Representatives
From the Highlights: "The nation's economy and security are heavily dependent on oil, natural gas, and other energy commodities. Al-Qa'ida and other groups with malevolent intent have targeted energy tankers and offshore energy infrastructure because of their importance to the nation's economy and national security. The U.S. Coast Guard-a component of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)-is the lead federal agency for maritime security, including the security of energy tankers and offshore energy infrastructure. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) also has responsibilities for preventing and responding to terrorist incidents. This testimony discusses the extent to which (1) the Coast Guard and the FBI have taken actions to address GAO's [Government Accountability Office] prior recommendations to prevent and respond to a terrorist incident involving energy tankers and (2) the Coast Guard has taken actions to assess the security risks to offshore energy infrastructure and related challenges. This testimony is based on products issued from December 2007 through March 2011 and recently completed work on the Coast Guard's actions to assess security risks. GAO reviewed documents from the Coast Guard's risk model and relevant laws, regulations, policies, and procedures; and interviewed Coast Guard officials. GAO is recommending that the Coast Guard revise policies and procedures to ensure its analysts receive the annual updated list of regulated offshore energy facilities to ensure risk assessments are conducted on those facilities. The Coast Guard concurred with this recommendation."
United States. Government Accountability Office
Caldwell, Stephen L.
2011-08-24
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Aviation Security: TSA Has Made Progress, but Additional Efforts Are Needed to Improve Security, Statement of Stephen M. Lord, Director Homeland Security and Justice Issues, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Management, Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives
From the Highlights: "The attempted bombing of Northwest flight 253 in December 2009 underscores the need for effective aviation security programs. Aviation security remains a daunting challenge with hundreds of airports and thousands of flights daily carrying millions of passengers and pieces of checked baggage. The Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) Transportation Security Administration (TSA) has spent billions of dollars and implemented a wide range of aviation security initiatives. Two key layers of aviation security are (1) TSA's Screening of Passengers by Observation Techniques (SPOT) program designed to identify persons who may pose a security risk; and (2) airport perimeter and access controls security. This testimony provides information on the extent to which TSA has taken actions to validate the scientific basis of SPOT and strengthen airport perimeter security. This statement is based on prior products GAO [Government Accountability Office] issued from September 2009 through September 2011 and selected updates in August and September 2011. To conduct the updates, GAO analyzed documents on TSA's progress in strengthening aviation security, among other things."
United States. Government Accountability Office
Lord, Stephen M.
2011-09-16
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Coast Guard: Action Needed As Approved Deepwater Program Remains Unachievable, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "The Deepwater Program includes efforts to build or modernize ships and aircraft, including supporting capabilities. In 2007, the Coast Guard took over the systems integrator role from Integrated Coast Guard Systems (ICGS) and established a $24.2 billion program baseline which included schedule and performance parameters. Last year, GAO [Government Accountability Office] reported that Deepwater had exceeded cost and schedule parameters, and recommended a comprehensive study to assess the mix of assets needed in a cost-constrained environment given the approved baseline was no longer feasible. GAO assessed the (1) extent to which the program is exceeding the 2007 baseline and credibility of selected cost estimates and schedules; (2) execution, design, and testing of assets; and (3) Coast Guard's efforts to conduct a fleet mix analysis. GAO reviewed key Coast Guard documents and applied criteria from GAO's cost guide."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2011-07-28
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Export Controls: Enforcement Agencies Should Better Leverage Information to Target Efforts Involving U.S. Universities, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the Highlights: "Over 2 million foreign students and scholars studied at U.S. universities in 2019, in many cases contributing to U.S. research. The U.S. government implements export controls to, among other things, mitigate the risk of foreign students' and scholars' obtaining controlled and sensitive information that could benefit foreign adversaries. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to review agencies' efforts to address risks associated with foreign students and scholars who may seek to evade export control regulations. This report examines the extent to which agencies are assessing universities' risk of unauthorized deemed exports to prioritize outreach. GAO reviewed related laws and regulations; analyzed agency data; and interviewed agency officials in Washington, D.C., and 15 U.S. field offices. GAO based its selection of these offices on their proximity to research universities, their geographic dispersion, and other agencies' field office locations. This is a public version of a sensitive report issued in March 2022 that included additional information on (1) challenges agencies face in efforts to enforce export control regulations, particularly for deemed exports at universities, and (2) the extent to which agencies coordinate their efforts and share information. Information that agencies deemed sensitive has been removed. [...] GAO is making eight recommendations to strengthen Commerce's, DHS's, and FBI's ability to prioritize outreach to at-risk universities. All three agencies concurred with the recommendations"
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-06
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Rail Security: TSA Improved Risk Assessment but Could Further Improve Training and Information Sharing, Statement of Steve Lord, Director Homeland Security and Justice Issues, Testimony Before the Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation, U.S. Senate
From the Highlights: "Alleged terrorist plots against rail systems in major U.S. cities have increased focus on these systems. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA), within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), is the primary federal agency responsible for rail security. This testimony addresses the following: (1) the extent that DHS has conducted comprehensive risk assessments for the transportation sector, including for rail, (2) technologies available to enhance rail security, (3) TSA's efforts regarding rail security training, and (4) rail stakeholders' satisfaction with security-related information TSA is providing. GAO's testimony is based on GAO reports issued from March 2009 through September 2010, selected updates conducted in May through June 2011, and preliminary results from ongoing work on information sharing. As part of the ongoing work, GAO surveyed the seven largest freight rail carriers (based on revenue) and interviewed security officials from three of these rail carriers selected for location, as well as TSA officials."
United States. Government Accountability Office
Lord, Steve
2011-06-14
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H. Rept. 117-347: Water Resources Development Act of 2022, Report to Accompany H.R. 7776
From the Purpose of Legislation: "The purpose of H.R. 7776, the 'Water Resources Development Act of 2022', as amended, is to authorize the United States Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) to carry out water resources development activities for the nation, usually through cost-shared partnerships with non-Federal sponsors. Activities include projects or studies to address river and coastal navigation, the reduction of flood and hurricane storm damage risks, shoreline protection, water supply and conservation, the restoration and protection of ecosystems and the environment, and disaster response and recovery. H.R. 7776, as amended, enhances the Corps' responsibility to address the long-term resiliency of Corps' projects, addresses the accessibility and affordability of Corps' projects for economically disadvantaged, rural, and Tribal communities, enhances the dialogue between the Corps and Indian Tribes and other indigenous peoples in addressing local water resources challenges, assesses the condition of Corps' dams and levees in addressing current water resources needs and challenges, and modernizes aspects of the Corps' project development structure. H.R. 7776, as amended, also authorizes new, or modifies existing, water resources project and study authorities to address local water resources infrastructure needs."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022-06-07
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Transatlantic Cooperation on Critical Supply Chain Security, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Europe, Energy, the Environment and Cyber of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventeenth Congress, Second Session, January 19, 2022
This is the January 19, 2022 hearing on "Transatlantic Cooperation on Critical Supply Chain Security," held before the U.S. House Subcommittee on Europe, Energy, the Environment and Cyber of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. From the Opening Statement of William R. Keating: "I want to welcome everyone to what is an important and timely hearing to address transatlantic cooperation on modernizing critical supply chain security. Whether it is the manufacturer of communication technologies in Asia or simply shipping cranberries from a bog in southeastern Massachusetts, supply chains are essential to the everyday lives of Americans and Europeans. The U.S. and the European Union together account for 42 percent of global GDP and both rely heavily on global value chains for their trade. Thus it is vital that we work with our transatlantic allies to modernize and secure global supply chains, which today support two-thirds of the entire world's trade." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Willy C. Shih, Jane Cizik, Chad P. Bown, and Derek Scissors.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022
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General Aviation: Security Assessments at Selected Airports, Report to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, U.S.
From the Highlights: "General aviation accounts for three-quarters of U.S. air traffic, from small propeller planes to large jets, operating among nearly 19,000 airports. While most security operations are left to private airport operators, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), part of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), provides guidance on threats and vulnerabilities. In 2004, TSA issued suggested security enhancements that airports could implement voluntarily. Unlike commercial airports, in most cases general aviation airports are not required to implement specific security measures. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to perform onsite assessments at selected airports with general aviation operations to determine what physical security measures they have to prevent unauthorized access. With advance notice, GAO investigators overtly visited a nonrepresentative selection of 13 airports, based on TSA-determined risk factors. Three of the airports also serve commercial aviation and are therefore subject to TSA security regulations. Using TSA's voluntary recommendations and GAO investigators' security expertise, GAO determined whether certain security measures were in place. GAO also requested documentation of incidents of unauthorized access. Results of GAO's assessments cannot be projected to all general aviation airports and are not meant to imply that the airports failed to implement required security measures."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2011-05
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H. Rept. 117-354: Protect Reporters from Exploitative State Spying Act, Report to Accompany H.R. 4330
From the Purpose and Summary: "H.R. 4330, the ''Protect Reporters from Exploitative State Spying Act'' or the ''PRESS Act,'' would create a qualified federal statutory privilege that protects covered journalists from being compelled by a federal entity (i.e., an entity or employee of the judicial or executive branch of the federal government with power to issue a subpoena or other compulsory process) to reveal confidential sources and information. It would provide a similar privilege for a covered service provider (such as a telecommunications carrier, interactive computer service, or remote computing service) from being compelled by a federal entity to disclose testimony or documents stored by the provider on behalf of a covered journalist or relating to the covered journalist's personal account or personal technology device. The measure also contains exceptions to the covered journalist's privilege where a court determines, by a preponderance of the evidence and pursuant to notice and hearing requirements, that disclosure of information is necessary to prevent or identify any perpetrator of an act of terrorism or to prevent a threat of imminent violence, significant bodily harm, or death. Similarly, the bill allows a federal entity to overcome the privilege for a covered service provider when a court determines, after the federal entity seeking the information provides the affected covered journalist with notice and an opportunity to be heard in court, that there is a reasonable threat of imminent violence, and the court issues an order authorizing the federal entity to compel the disclosure. The bill contains a number of other measures clarifying its scope and applicability."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022-06-07
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S. Rept. 117-120: DHS Contract Reporting Act of 2021, Report to Accompany H.R. 4363, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office
From the Document: "H.R. 4363, the DHS Contract Reporting Act of 2021, establishes a daily public reporting requirement for contract awards of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) at or above $4 million, except for awards relating to classified matters. The report must be posted to a publicly available website and include key information such as contract type and value, name and address of vendor, and place of performance. The substitute amendment adopted by this committee improves consistency and efficiency in the reporting requirements by making changes to allow the data to be pulled from existing systems, such as the Federal Procurement Data System. The amendment also removes a subscription requirement that poses information technology and security challenges for DHS. It clarifies the exemption from reporting for those actions for which disclosure would compromise national security. Lastly, it adds a sunset provision of 5 years on the reporting requirements. [...] Some DHS contract awards are announced through press releases, but many are not, and government websites that contain DHS award notices and spending information can be difficult to navigate and monitor. H.R. 4363 intends to improve transparency and oversight of DHS contract actions by requiring contracts of $4 million and above to be posted in an easily accessible format on a public-facing DHS website. The daily report would include the contract type and amount, and certain other contract information. The legislation would also provide instructions on the handling of undefinitized contract actions and establish an exemption for national security reasons. It also makes certain adjustments to ensure DHS can efficiently fulfill the reporting requirements."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022-06-09
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Transportation Worker Identification Credential: Internal Control Weaknesses Need to Be Corrected to Help Achieve Security Objectives, Statement of Stephen M. Lord, Director, Homeland Security and Justice Issues, Testimony Before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, U.S. Senate
From the testimony of Stephen M. Lord: "I am pleased to be here today to discuss credentialing issues associated with the security of U.S. transportation systems and facilities. Securing these systems requires balancing security to address potential threats while facilitating the flow of people and goods that are critical to the U.S. economy and international commerce. As we have previously reported, these systems and facilities are vulnerable and difficult to secure given their size, easy accessibility, large number of potential targets, and proximity to urban areas. The Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002 (MTSA) required regulations preventing individuals from having unescorted access to secure areas of MTSA-regulated facilities and vessels unless they possess a biometric transportation security card and are authorized to be in such an area. MTSA further required that biometric transportation security cards be issued to eligible individuals unless determined that an applicant poses a security risk warranting denial of the card. The Transportation Worker Identification Credential (TWIC) program is designed to implement these biometric maritime security card requirements."
United States. Government Accountability Office
Lord, Stephen M.
2011-05-10
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 816, Diplomatic Support and Security Act of 2022
From the Document: "S. 816 would alter the Department of State's process for investigating serious security incidents at U.S. government missions overseas to promote a culture of risk management instead of risk avoidance. The bill also would require the department to include more information about risk assessments in its monthly briefings to the Congress. On the basis of information about the costs to prepare similar reports, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that satisfying that requirement would cost less than $500,000 over the 2022-2027 period. Such spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds. Under current law, the department must appoint an Accountability Review Board to investigate a security breach caused by foreign intelligence activities or a security incident involving loss of life, serious injury, or significant destruction of property. Such boards determine whether security measures were adequate and properly implemented and whether to subject any employees who are found accountable to adverse personnel actions. The board can administer oaths, issue subpoenas, and require testimony and depositions."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-06-14
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Transportation Worker Identification Credential: Internal Control Weaknesses Need to be Corrected to Help Achieve Security Objectives, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the Highlights: "Within the Department of Homeland Security [DHS], the Transportation Security Administration [TSA] and the U.S. Coast Guard manage the Transportation Worker Identification Credential [TWIC] program, which requires maritime workers to complete background checks and obtain a biometric identification card to gain unescorted access to secure areas of regulated maritime facilities. As requested, GAO [Government Accountability Office] evaluated the extent to which (1) TWIC processes for enrollment, background checking, and use are designed to provide reasonable assurance that unescorted access to these facilities is limited to qualified individuals; and (2) the effectiveness of TWIC has been assessed. GAO reviewed program documentation, such as the concept of operations, and conducted site visits to four TWIC centers, conducted covert tests at several selected U.S. ports chosen for their size in terms of cargo volume, and interviewed agency officials. The results of these visits and tests are not generalizable but provide insights and perspective about the TWIC program. This is a public version of a sensitive report. Information DHS deemed sensitive has been redacted."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2011-05
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Business Systems: DOD Needs to Improve Performance Reporting and Cybersecurity and Supply Chain Planning, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "For fiscal year 2022, DOD requested approximately $38.6 billion for its unclassified IT [Information technology] investments. These investments included programs such as communications and command and control systems. They also included major IT business programs, which are intended to help the department carry out key functions, such as financial management and health care. The NDAA [National Defense Authorization Act] for FY 2019 included a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to assess selected DOD IT programs annually through March 2023. GAO's objectives for this review were to (1) examine how DOD's portfolio of major IT acquisition business programs has performed; (2) determine the extent to which the department has implemented software development, cybersecurity, and supply chain risk management practices; and (3) describe actions DOD has taken to implement legislative and policy changes that could affect its IT acquisitions. To address these objectives, GAO determined that DOD's major IT business programs were the 25 that DOD reported to the federal IT Dashboard as of December 2021 (The IT Dashboard is a public website that includes information on the performance of IT investments). GAO examined DOD's planned expenditures for these programs from fiscal years 2020 through 2022, as reported in the department's FY 2022 submission to the Dashboard."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-06
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Examining the Future Impacts of President Obama's Off-Shore Energy Plan, Oversight Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources of the Committee on Natural Resources, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, First Session, April 15, 2015
"This is the April 15, 2015 hearing on 'Examining the Future Impacts of President Obama's Off-Shore Energy Plan' held before the House Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources. From the opening statement of Doug Lamborn: 'Today's hearing will focus on the draft proposed Outer Continental Shelf Oil and Gas Leasing Program for 2017-2022, also known as the 5-year plan. This plan has the lowest number of lease sales ever, at 14, and that is being generous, in assuming that all of the sales remain in the final plan. It includes extensive buffer zones which take valuable resources off the table for the next 5 years. The shining hope for an Atlantic sale is dimmed when we remember that an Atlantic sale was scheduled to take place off the coast of Virginia in 2011. Now the earliest it can occur under this draft plan is 2021, a decade later. Again, that is only if the one Atlantic lease sale remains in the final plan, which is not guaranteed. This is not a demonstration of commitment to more oil and gas production.' Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Doug Lamborn, Alan S. Lowenthal, Chett C. Chiasson, Robert Hobbs, Abigail Hopper, Pat McCrory, Mark Shuster, and Emilie Swearingen."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2015
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Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request for Atomic Energy Defense Activities and Nuclear Forces Programs, Hearing Before the Committee on Armed Forces, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, April 8, 2014
This is the April 8, 2014 hearing 'Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request for Atomic Energy Defense Activities and Nuclear Forces Programs,' held before the House Committee on Armed Services. From the opening statement of subcommittee chairman Mike Rogers: "First, today, 2 years late, we have finally received the administration's proposed nuclear force structure under the New START [Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty]. I am glad to see that the President made the right decision, the decision that was obvious to us 2 years ago. We will take a hard look at this in the coming weeks, and we will discuss it today, I am sure. Second, the governance and management of the DOE [U.S. Department of Energy] and NNSA [National Nuclear Security Administration]. We had a hearing 2 weeks ago to receive the interim report of the congressional advisory panel on this topic. It was sobering, and it confirmed what this subcommittee has been saying for many years. We had 13 members show up at that hearing. I hope that shows just how serious we are taking this. We are as serious as a heart attack, and we want to make sure that we see some bold actions at the NNSA. Third, promised capabilities and programs keep slipping despite significant budget increases. Fulfillment of the requirement for this responsive nuclear infrastructure keeps being pushed into the distant future, and we have wasted billions of dollars with false starts. The follow-on to the air-launched cruise missile is pushed and may put both the nuclear security enterprise and the Strategic Command in a real bind. The interoperable warhead, a key pillar of the administration's future stockpile strategy, has been pushed out of sight on the calendar. Fourth, integrity and leadership problems in our nuclear forces. General Harencak and Admiral Richardson, we appreciate the updates you and your services have been providing us." Statements, letters, and other materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Terry J. Benedict, Elaine M. Bunn, Garrett Harencak, Edward Bruce Held, David G. Huizenga, John M. Richardson, Andrew C. Weber, and Peter S. Winokur.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2015
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EMP Threat: The State Preparedness Against the Threat of an Electro-Magnetic Pulse (EMP) Event: Joint Hearing Before the Subcommittee on National Security and the Subcommittee on the Interior of the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, First Session, May 13, 2015
This is the May 13, 2015 hearing entitled "The EMP Threat: The State Preparedness Against the Threat of an Electro-Magnetic Pulse (EMP) Event," held before the Subcommittee on National Security and the Subcommittee on the Interior of the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. From the opening statement of Ron Desantis: "The state of preparedness against the threat of an electromagnetic pulse is the subject of today's hearing. An electromagnetic pulse could be created through an attack from a missile, nuclear weapon, radio frequency weapon, or geomagnetic storm caused by the sun. Fallout from an EMP event, either man-made or natural, could be extremely significant ranging from the loss of electrical power for months, which would deplete energy sources of power such as emergency batteries and backup generators have cascading consequences for supplying basic necessities such as food and water, and result in loss of life. The electrical grid is necessary to support critical infrastructure, supply and distribution of food, water, and fuel, communications, transportation, financial transactions and emergency and government services. Significant damage to the electrical grid during an EMP event would quickly and significantly degrade the supply of these basic necessities." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: George Baker, Peter Vincent Pry, and Mike Caruso.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2015
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Legislation Addressing LNG Exports and PURPA Modernization, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Energy of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, Second Session, January 19, 2018
This is the January 19, 2018 hearing titled "Legislation Addressing LNG Exports and PURPA Modernization," held before the House Subcommittee on Energy of the Committee on Energy and Commerce. From the opening statement of Fred Upton: "On the first panel, we are going to hear testimony from the Department of Energy on two LNG [liquefied natural gas] bills, H.R. 4605, the Unlocking Our Domestic LNG Potential Act, and H.R. 4606, the Ensuring Small Scale LNG Certainty and Access Act. And we will also receive testimony from FERC [Federal Energy Regulatory Commission] on H.R. 4476, the PURPA [Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act] Modernization Act. We also have a second panel of witnesses today so we can hear from industry and State regulators to better understand the impact of the legislation. As we consider this legislation, I am reflecting on our bipartisan codel to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands last month. It is hard to put into words the devastation and loss, and it is hard to fathom that it has been more than 100 days since the hurricane struck and yet hundreds of thousands of folks are still without power. As we learned on our trip, Puerto Rico's grid was in a very rough shape to begin with, and many of their power plants were so outdated they were still burning petroleum. I believe there is a real potential for Puerto Rico to expand their use of natural gas in these bills, especially the Small Scale LNG bill can be part of that solution." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Steven Winberg, James Danly, Travis Kavulla, Timothy J. Sparks, Karl R. Rabago, Paul N. Cicio, and Charlie Riedl.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2019
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Future of Fossil: Energy Technologies Leading the Way, Joint Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Energy & Subcommittee on Environment Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, Second Session, July 17, 2018
This is the July 17, 2018 joint hearing on "The Future of Fossil: Energy Technologies Leading the Way," held before the U.S. House Subcommittee on Energy & Subcommittee on Environment Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. From the opening statement of Randy K. Weber: "This morning, we will examine the status of the early-stage research performed by industry, nonprofit institutes, and the Department of Energy national laboratories to enable advancements in fossil energy technologies. Global demand for fossil fuels will hold steady in the near term and is projected to increase far into the future. Our abundant natural resources, including coal, oil, and natural gas, can and should be produced to meet this demand. However, these fuels should be utilized with efficient technologies that minimize the environmental impact." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Roger Aines, Klaus Brun, Shannon Angielski, and Jason Begger.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2018
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Advancing Nuclear Energy: Powering the Future, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Energy of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, Second Session, September 27, 2018
This is the September 27, 2018 hearing "Advancing Nuclear Energy: Powering the Future" before the U.S. House Subcommittee on Energy of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. From the Hearing Charter: "The purpose of this hearing is to explore future research challenges for advanced nuclear energy technologies in the United States. This hearing will also examine the implementation of S. 97, the Nuclear Energy Innovation Capabilities Act (NEICA)." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Edward McGinnis, Harlan Bowers, John Parsons, and John Wagner.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2019
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Fiscal Year 2019 Nuclear Regulatory Commission Budget, Joint Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Energy and the Subcommittee on Environment of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, Second Session, March 20, 2018
This is the March 20, 2018 joint hearing titled "Fiscal Year 2019 Nuclear Regulatory Commission Budget," held before the House Subcommittee on Energy and the Subcommittee on Environment of the Committee on Energy and Commerce. From the opening statement of John Shimkus: "Welcome to our hearing this morning as we examine the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's fiscal year 2019 budget proposal. The NRC's [Nuclear Regulatory Commission] essential role in licensing and regulating nuclear facilities is of great importance to my Illinois constituents. Illinois produces the largest share of nuclear-generated electricity in the country. Throughout the State, the commercial nuclear energy industry supports thousands of high-paying jobs, funds local school districts, and provides reliable, clean, baseload electricity around the clock. In fact, a little over 75 years ago, Illinois was the site, at a lab under the University of Chicago's football field, where physicists and engineers first generated a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction. We are proud to be the birthplace of nuclear technology." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Kristine Svinicki, Jeff Baran, and Stephen Burns.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2018
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Yemen: State and DOD Need Better Information on Civilian Impacts of U.S. Military Support to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "The United Nations has characterized the conflict in Yemen as one of the world's worst humanitarian crises. The U.S. has long-standing security relationships with Saudi Arabia and UAE [United Arab Emirates]--two primary actors in the conflict--and has continued to provide them military support, including for operations in Yemen since 2015. Public law 116-283 calls for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to review U.S. military support to the Saudi-led coalition in Yemen. This report examines the (1) total financial value of military support provided by DOD to Saudi Arabia and UAE in fiscal years 2015-2021, (2) extent to which DOD and State have assessed the use of U.S. military support in Yemen and to which this support contributed to or reduced civilian harm, and (3) extent to which State certifications and a DOD report submitted in response to two congressional mandates were timely and complete."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-06
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Drug Policy: Preliminary Observations on the 2022 National Drug Control Strategy, Statement of Triana McNeil, Director, Homeland Security and Justice, Testimony Before the Caucus on International Narcotics Control, U.S. Senate
From the Highlights: "Drug misuse--the use of illicit drugs and the misuse of prescription drugs--has been a persistent and long-standing public health challenge in the U.S. resulting in significant loss of life and a negative effect on society and the economy. These costs are borne by individuals who misuse drugs, as well as their families and employers, private businesses and nonprofit organizations, and federal, state, and local governments. GAO [Government Accountability Office] has a body of work on drug policy and ongoing work on ONDCP [Office of National Drug Control Policy]'s efforts, including issuance of the National Drug Control Strategy. This statement includes preliminary GAO observations on the 2022 National Drug Control Strategy and related findings from selected GAO reports on federal drug control-related efforts."
United States. Government Accountability Office
McNeil, Triana
2022-06-15
