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Site Evaluation Equipment
First on scene fire units should be equipped with basic, low-tech Hazardous Materials (HazMat) detection equipment. Having such equipment will help avoid unnecessary delays in potential life-saving operations and in the overall response.
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
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Emergency Medical Services: Staffing Family Assistance Centers
Emergency medical services (EMS) personnel who participate in an incident response should not be assigned to standby support at a Family Assistance Center (FAC) unless no alternative is available.
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
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Mutual Aid Agreements: Following Staging Instructions
To avoid confusion at the incident scene, dispatch should maintain contact with mutual aid units and coordinate their deployment. Assisting units must follow instructions and remain at staging areas until instructed otherwise.
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
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ODP Tactical Interoperable Communications Plan Frequently Asked Questions
"TICP [Tactical Interoperable Communications Plan] serves as a planning tool to help sites exercise interoperable communications and to meet the Congressional mandate that grant recipients develop a tactical plan. TICP meets the requirements of Homeland Security Presidential Directive-5, Management of Domestic Incidents, and the DHS National Incident Management System (NIMS)."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
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Expanding Local Healthcare Structure in a Mass Casualty Terrorism Incident
"In order to manage this potentially huge casualty load that would result from a covert bioterrorist attack, the BWIRP team developed the Modular Emergency Medical System (MEMS) concept. The MEMS addresses the gap in casualty care resources that would exist in most medical care jurisdic- tions today if a large number of BW victims were to seek treatment from neighborhood area hospitals. The MEMS is based on the rapid organization of two types of expandable patient care modules, the Neighborhood Emergency Help Center (NEHC) and the Acute Care Center (ACC). The MEMS concept also includes a Medical Command and Control (MCC) element, Casualty Transportation System (CTS), Community Outreach, Mass Prophylaxis, and Public Information components. This pamphlet is not extensive in detail; rather it serves to introduce key characteristics of the MEMS concept and modules and presents an overview of the MEMS as one possible approach to use in planning a response to biological terrorism. The MEMS is a highly adaptable planning guide that provides options and points of consideration that can be integrated in or tailored to any existing emergency plan to suit specific jurisdictional requirements."
United States. Department of Defense
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Improving Local and State Agency Response to Terrorist Incidents Involving Biological Weapons
"A biological terrorist attack could quickly overwhelm community and state emergency resources. State and/or local offices of emergency management, public health departments, and other departments can help organize a response. This planning guide is a first step in helping your community evaluate current Emergency Operations Plans (EOPs), appendices, and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). Using the principles from this guide, your community can begin to incorporate additional planning actions that will allow for an effective response to a terrorist incident involving biological weapons."
United States. Department of Defense
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Public Health's Infrastructure: A Status Report
"How can we protect ourselves from these threats? Our national public health infrastructure is the first - and in many cases the 'only' - line of defense. Like our system of national military preparedness, our public health armaments - a skilled professional workforce, robust information and data systems, and strong health departments and laboratories - must be at a constant state of 'battle readiness' nationwide. Because many environmental and health threats know no boundaries, we can afford no weaknesses in our line of defense. Either we are 'all protected,' or we are 'all at risk'."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
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School Pre-incident Plan System (PIPS) Checklist
This is a template and requirements checklist for conducting school pre-plan visits developed as part of FEMA Region VIII's Pre-Incident Plan System (PIPS).
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
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Incident Site Safety: Allegheny County, Beaver County, Butler County (Pennsylvania) Emergency Teams--Rapid Intervention Team, Inc.'s Personnel Accountability System
"Allegheny County, Beaver County, Butler County (Pennsylvania) Emergency Teams--Rapid Intervention Team, Inc. (ABBET-RIT) established a standardized personnel accountability system to provide Western Pennsylvania fire departments with simple, easily implemented procedures that maximize firefighter safety at incident sites."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
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Maintaining Up-To-Date City and Regional Maps
"Emergency responders require up-to-date plans and maps to make important decisions about public safety, both before and during emergency response efforts. Jurisdictions should maintain up-to-date plans of critical infrastructure and high-risk sites. State emergency operations centers should have up-to-date maps of regions and localities."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
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Monitoring Weather Conditions and Taking Necessary Precautions
Certain weather conditions can hamper emergency response operations and endanger responders. Effective response and recovery efforts require continuous monitoring of accurate and up-to date weather information, which can be obtained from the National Weather Service or a similar state or local service.
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
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Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989 - Geologic Setting and Crustal Structure
This document examines the effects of the Loma Prieta, CA earthquake in 1989. It presents geologic and geophysical investigations of the crustal structure after the earthquake.
United States. Department of the Interior; Geological Survey (U.S.)
Wells, Ray E.
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Developing Plans for Creating Additional Hospital Isolation Areas During a Major Emergency
"Hospitals should develop strategies for quickly creating temporary quarantine areas within their facilities for victims requiring isolation due to possible contact with an infectious agent. These plans should include provisions for moving patients from entire wings of hospitals into other areas, and generating new isolation wards with negative pressure and air flow in their place."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
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Brief History of the Division of Fire Prevention
This document chronicles the history of Alaska's Division of Fire Prevention, from its inception in 1955 to its current status. The document concludes with brief excerpts from the fire marshall's newsletter.
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
Hettrick, Jodie
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Chemical Attack: Security Awareness for Soft Targets and Crowded Places
"A chemical attack may be executed by individuals or groups -- terrorists, terrorist affiliates, or state-sponsored, and/or organized crime -- through the deliberate release of a toxic substances, such as a gas, liquid, or solid, in an attempt to cause public harm, injury, or loss of life. A wide variety of common household and professional grade toxic chemicals can be made, stolen, or acquired for use in an attack, including nerve agents, blister agents, blood agents, choking agents, and irritants."
United States. Office of Homeland Security
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Active Shooter Attacks: Security Awareness for Soft Targets and Crowded Places
"An active shooter is an individual actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a confined and populated area. In most cases, active shooters use firearm(s) and have no pattern or method to their selection of victims, which creates an unpredictable and quickly evolving situation that can result in loss of life and injury. Other active shooter attack methods may also include bladed weapons, vehicles, and improvised explosive devices. While law enforcement is usually required to end an active shooter situation, individuals can take steps to prepare mentally and physically for the possibility of this type of event occurring in order to save lives."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
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Continuity of Operations: Coordinating Emergency Operations Centers
"Emergency command centers are activated to manage response and recovery efforts during a crisis. These command centers must be adequately staffed and equipped to handle emergency tasks associated with the response and coordinate efforts with other command centers."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
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Nursing Home Fires (2012-2014)
"For each year from 2012 to 2014, an estimated 5,700 medical facility fires were reported to fire departments in the United States. Nearly half of those, 2,700 fires, were in nursing homes. It is estimated that these fires caused fewer than five deaths, 125 injuries and $13 million in property loss per year."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
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Demystifying the Rehabilitation Act: What Faith-Based and Community Organizations Need to Know About Using Federal Financial Assistance to Serve People with Disabilities
"If you represent a faith-based or community-based organization [...] then, the following information will help you better understand how Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 applies to your organization as you serve people with disabilities."
United States. Office of Disability Employment Policy; U.S. Department of Labor
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Volunteer and Donations Management: Establishing a 'Hotline' and Maintaining a Donations Database
"Emergency responders may be overwhelmed by offers from private citizens and organizations to volunteer services and donate goods after an emergency incident. These offers can be managed more efficiently by establishing a hot line and a donations database."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
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Donations Management: Educating the Public on Acceptable Food Donations
"Local officials should inform the public that pre-packaged food is the safest and most useful way to donate food to emergency responders. This information should be communicated to the public immediately following an emergency to ensure that all donated food is acceptable and not wasted."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
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National Firewise Communities Program Fact Sheet
"The best approach to wildfire preparedness involves utilizing the wide range of Firewise practices. The National Firewise Communities Program offers a series of practical steps (landscaping, home construction and design, community planning, etc.) that individuals and communities can take to reduce their vulnerability to wildfire. Using at least one element recommended by the National Firewise Communities Program and adding other elements over time will begin to protect against the risk of fire in the wildland/urban interface."
National Wildfire Coordinating Group (U.S.)
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CDC: Arenaviruses
This webpage is maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The webpage provides information and resources on Arenaviruses. Sections of the webpage include: "What are the Arenaviridae"; "When were the members of this virus family recognized"; "What viruses are included in the virus family"; "What kinds of animal hosts do these viruses have?"; and "How are arenaviruses spread?". "Tularemia is a potentially serious illness that occurs naturally in the United States. It is caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis found in animals (especially rodents, rabbits, and hares)."The Arenaviridae are a family of viruses whose members are generally associated with rodent-transmitted disease in humans. Each virus usually is associated with a particular rodent host species in which it is maintained. Arenavirus infections are relatively common in humans in some areas of the world and can cause severe illnesses. The virus particles are spherical and have an average diameter of 110-130 nanometers. All are enveloped in a lipid (fat) membrane. Viewed in cross-section, they show grainy particles that are ribosomes acquired from their host cells. It is this characteristic that gave them their name, derived from the Latin 'arena', which means 'sandy'. Their genome, or genetic material, is composed of RNA [Ribonucleic acid] only, and while their replication strategy is not completely understood, we know that new viral particles, called virions, are created by budding from the surface of their hosts' cells."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
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CDC: Lassa Fever
This webpage is maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The webpage provides information and resources on Lassa Fever. "Lassa fever is an acute viral illness that occurs in West Africa. The illness was discovered in 1969 when two missionary nurses died in Nigeria, West Africa. The cause of the illness was found to be Lassa virus, named after the town in Nigeria where the first cases originated. The virus, a member of the virus family Arenaviridae, is a single-stranded RNA [Ribonucleic acid] virus and is zoonotic, or animal-borne. In areas of Africa where the disease is endemic (that is, constantly present), Lassa fever is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. While Lassa fever is mild or has no observable symptoms in about 80% of people infected with the virus, the remaining 20% have a severe multisystem disease. Lassa fever is also associated with occasional epidemics, during which the case-fatality rate can reach 50%."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
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CDC: Shigella
This webpage is maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The webpage provides information and resources on Shigellosis. Sections of the webpage include: "Frequently Asked Questions" and "General Information". "Shigellosis is an infectious disease caused by a group of bacteria called 'Shigella'. Most who are infected with 'Shigella' develop diarrhea, fever, and stomach cramps starting a day or two after they are exposed to the bacteria. The diarrhea is often bloody. Shigellosis usually resolves in 5 to 7 days. Persons with shigellosis in the United States rarely require hospitalization. A severe infection with high fever may be associated with seizures in children less than 2 years old. Some persons who are infected may have no symptoms at all, but may still pass the 'Shigella' bacteria to others."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
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CDC: Typhoid Fever
This webpage is maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The webpage provides information and resources on Typhoid Fever. Sections of the webpage include: "Frequently Asked Questions" and "General Information". "Typhoid fever is a life-threatening illness caused by the bacterium 'Salmonella' Typhi. In the United States, it is estimated that approximately 5,700 cases occur annually. Most cases (up to 75%) are acquired while traveling internationally. Typhoid fever is still common in the developing world, where it affects about 21.5 million persons each year. Typhoid fever can be prevented and can usually be treated with antibiotics. If you are planning to travel outside the United States, you should know about typhoid fever and what steps you can take to protect yourself."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
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What You Should Know for the 2013-2014 Influenza Season
This webpage by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides information on the 2013-2014 influenza season. It answers questions such as; "What sort of flu season is expected this year?"; "Will new strains of flu circulate this season?"; "When will flu activity begin and when will it peak?"; "What should I do to prepare for this flu season?"; and "Where can I get a flu vaccine?"
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
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CDC: Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever
This webpage is maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The webpage provides information and resources on Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever. Sections of the webpage include: "About the Disease"; "Outbreak Resources"; and "Additional Resources". "Marburg hemorrhagic fever is a rare, severe type of hemorrhagic fever which affects both humans and non-human primates. Caused by a genetically unique zoonotic (that is, animal-borne) RNA [Ribonucleic acid] virus of the filovirus family, its recognition led to the creation of this virus family. The five species of Ebola virus are the only other known members of the filovirus family. Marburg virus was first recognized in 1967, when outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever occurred simultaneously in laboratories in Marburg and Frankfurt, Germany and in Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia). A total of 31 people became ill; they included laboratory workers as well as several medical personnel and family members who had cared for them. There were 7 deaths among the reported cases. The first people infected had been exposed to African green monkeys or their tissues. In Marburg, the monkeys had been imported for research and to prepare polio vaccine. In addition to the 31 cases, an additional case was retrospectivley serologically diagnosed."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
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CDC: Psittacosis
This webpage is maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The webpage provides information and resources on Psittacosis (Chlamydia Psittaci). "Since 1996, fewer than 50 confirmed cases were reported in the United States each year. Many more cases may occur that are not correctly diagnosed or reported. […] Endocarditis, hepatitis, and neurologic complications may occasionally occur. Severe pneumonia requiring intensive-care support may also occur. Fatal cases have been reported. […] Infection is acquired by inhaling dried secretions from infected birds. The incubation period is 5 to 19 days. Although all birds are susceptible, pet birds (parrots, parakeets, macaws, and cockatiels) and poultry (turkeys and ducks) are most frequently involved in transmission to humans. […] Bird owners, pet shop employees, and veterinarians. Outbreaks of psittacosis in poultry processing plants have been reported."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
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CSEPP Lesson Learned: Reentry and Recovery Guidance Development
"As the CSEP [As the Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness] Program matured, more attention was paid to post-emergency recovery issues and a working group was formed to develop guidance on reentry and recovery issues. The group developed a workbook containing a sample recovery plan, along with relevant background and reference information. The sample plan addresses topics such as hazard assessment, access to restricted areas, protection of food and water, medical services, relocation, social services, public information, financial assistance, and environmental remediation. It also lays out recovery responsibilities by Incident Command System (ICS) position. The approach and structure of the workbook can be adapted to planning for recovery from other hazards or all-hazard. Program matured, more attention was paid to post-emergency recovery issues and a working group was formed to develop guidance on reentry and recovery issues. The group developed a workbook containing a sample recovery plan, along with relevant background and reference information. The sample plan addresses topics such as hazard assessment, access to restricted areas, protection of food and water, medical services, relocation, social services, public information, financial assistance, and environmental remediation. It also lays out recovery responsibilities by Incident Command System (ICS) position. The approach and structure of the workbook can be adapted to planning for recovery from other hazards or all-hazard."
U.S. Army Chemical Materials Activity
