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• Designation of Ukraine for Temporary Protected Status: Impact and Other Considerations [Updated April 21, 2022]

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  From the Document: "On February 24, 2022, Russia launched a full-scale attack [hyperlink] on Ukraine, a country of 43.7 million people. The United States and its allies have condemned [hyperlink] the invasion, and are imposing trade and financial sanctions [hyperlink] on Russia and enhancing their own military deterrence posture [hyperlink], while also providing aid to Ukraine. More than 4 million people [hyperlink] have fled as refugees to neighboring countries, and the United States pledged humanitarian assistance [hyperlink] in response to the crisis. The United States maintains deep and multifaceted relations [hyperlink] with Ukraine, and the country is a leading recipient [hyperlink] of U.S. foreign and military aid. As of 2019, more than 350,000 [hyperlink] foreign-born individuals from Ukraine resided in the United States. Some have U.S. citizenship and others have lawful permanent resident [hyperlink] (LPR) status. Still others have temporary statuses [hyperlink] (such as students, tourists, and temporary workers) and could see their authorized periods of admission end before it is safe to return; and some have no lawful immigration status. Those with temporary or no legal status could benefit from certain temporary immigration relief options."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Smith, Hillel R.; Wilson, Jill, 1974-; Santamaria, Kelsey Y.

  2022-04-21
• Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 5273, Global Fragility and Violence Reduction Act of 2018

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  "H.R. 5273 would require the Administration to establish and implement an interagency initiative to stabilize and prevent violence in conflict-prone areas of the world. The bill also would require the Administration to develop 10-year plans to coordinate federal efforts under the initiative in at least six countries or regions that are prone to conflict. Finally, H.R. 5273 would require the Government Accountability Office and the Administration to provide regular briefings and reports to the Congress. Earlier this year, the Departments of State and Defense and the U.S. Agency for International Development released the Stabilization Assistance Review (SAR), which outlined a framework for directing federal efforts to stabilize countries affected by conflict. The Department of State indicated that the interagency initiative required under the bill would build on the SAR and would be accomplished through other current programs. However, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating the 10-year plans would require the equivalent of two additional employees: one stationed overseas at an average annual cost of about $500,000, and one located in Washington, D.C., at an average annual cost of $160,000. In total, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing H.R. 5273 would cost about $1 million each year and total $3 million over the 2019-2023 period; such spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds. Actual costs could differ if the Congress appropriates more or less than the amounts estimated here; such decisions could be based on information from federal agencies or other sources that differs from the information CBO used for this estimate."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2018-11-13
• Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 2116, Global Fragility Act

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  "H.R. 2116 would authorize the appropriation of $230 million each year over the 2020-2024 period to eliminate or reduce violence in countries and regions affected by armed conflict. The bill would establish the Stabilization and Prevention Fund to provide economic and development assistance and would authorize the appropriation of $200 million each year over the 2020-2024 period for that purpose. In addition, the bill would authorize the appropriation of $30 million each year over the 2020-2024 period for the Complex Crises Fund. Assuming appropriation of the specified amounts, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing H.R. 2116 would cost a total of $558 million over the 2020-2024 period and a total of $1,104 million over the next 10 years (see Table 1)."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2019-04-25
• Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: Department of Homeland Security Legislation [April 23, 2019]

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  "On April 1, the House of Representatives passed the following pieces of legislation: [1] H.R. 1589, the CBRN [chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear] Intelligence and Information Sharing Act of 2019, which would direct the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to gather and analyze intelligence on terrorist threats involving chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) materials and to share that information with federal, state, and local authorities. DHS is currently carrying out activities similar to those required by H.R. 1589, so CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing the act would not significantly affect spending by the department. [2] H.R. 1593, the CLASS [Coordinating and Leveraging Activities for School Security] Act of 2019, which would establish within DHS a council to coordinate departmental policies and activities to enhance the security of schools. Based on the cost of similar councils, we estimate that implementing H.R. 1593 would have no significant costs."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2019-04-23
• Navy Columbia (SSBN-826) Class Ballistic Missile Submarine Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated April 27, 2022]

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  From the Introduction: "This report provides background information and potential oversight issues for Congress on the Navy's Columbia (SSBN-826) class program, a program to design and build a class of 12 new ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) to replace the Navy's current force of 14 aging Ohio-class SSBNs. Since 2013, the Navy has consistently identified the Columbia-class program as the Navy's top priority program. The Navy procured the first Columbia-class boat in FY2021 and wants to procure the second boat in the class in FY2024. The Navy's proposed FY2023 budget requests $5,857.8 million (i.e., about $5.9 billion) in procurement and advance procurement (AP) funding for the program."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  O'Rourke, Ronald

  2022-04-27
• Review of the President's Executive Actions on Immigration, Joint Hearing Before the Subcommittee on National Security and the Subcommittee on Health Care, Benefits and Administrative Rules of the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, First Session, June 17, 2015

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  This is the June 17, 2015 hearing entitled "A Review of the President's Executive Actions on Immigration," held before the Subcommittee on National Security and the Subcommittee on Health Care, Benefits and Administrative Rules of the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. From the opening statement of subcommittee chairman Ron DeSantis: "On November 20, 2014, just 2 weeks after the 2014 midterm elections, President Obama made far-reaching unilateral changes to our Nation's immigration policy, despite saying on over 22 different occasions that he did not have the authority to do so. In his address on that day, the President said that: We're a Nation of laws. Those who broke our immigration laws must be held accountable, especially those who are dangerous. That's why over the past 6 years, deportations of criminals are up 80 percent. And that's why we're going to keep focusing enforcement resources on actual threats to our security. We will prioritize, just like law enforcement does every day. The administration's actions, however, have not matched the President's rhetoric. According to documents provided to the House Judiciary Committee by DHS in April of this year, ICE arrests of criminal illegal aliens has declined 32 percent from the same period a year before, with 51,337 administrative arrests of criminal aliens in fiscal year 2015 compared to 75,171 arrests in the same period in fiscal year 2014. Those declines occurred across the board of criminal offenses. [...] Plainly, the President's assertion his administration will keep focusing enforcement resources on actual threats to our security is not--is contradicted by those facts. Simply put, the President's policy changes are not doing a good job of protecting the safety of the American people." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Sarah R. Saldana, Leon Rodriguez, and John Roth.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2015
• Mass Migration in Europe: Assimilation, Integration, and Security, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Europe, Eurasia, and Emerging Threats of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, Second Session, April 26, 2018

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  This is the April 26, 2018 hearing on Mass Migration in Europe: Assimilation, Integration, and Security, held before the Before the Subcommittee on Europe, Eurasia, and Emerging Threats of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, of the United States House of Representatives. From the opening statement of the Hon. Dana Rohrabacher: "The subcommittee's topic for this afternoon is mass migration in Europe, its history, the current reality, the consequences of migration and what those consequences mean to the transatlantic relationship. Let me say that from the start what this hearing is not and it is not and cannot simply be a discussion of recent Syrian refugees going, pouring into Europe. Yes, that is part of the discussion, but it is only one part of the discussion. This is a big topic, one with a history which stretches back decades and in terms of migration perhaps even centuries. We cannot do justice to the issue or the lives of all the people affected without being respectful of the history of what we are talking about today. [...] However, this hearing will shed some light on constructive ways that we can approach the challenges that we are talking about." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Robin Simcox, Marta Vrbetic, Victor Davis Hanson, and Wa'el Alzayat.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2018
• Preventing and Addressing Sex Trafficking of Youth in Foster Care, Hearing Before U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Ways and Means, Subcommittee on Human Resources, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, October 23, 2013

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  This is the October 23, 2013 hearing on "Preventing and Addressing Sex Trafficking of Youth in Foster Care" held before U.S. House Committee on Ways and Means. From the opening statement of Dave Reichert: "Welcome to our hearing today. Before being elected to Congress, I spent over 32 years working in law enforcement in King County, Washington, becoming Sheriff in 1997. I saw firsthand the many tragedies children face when they're not cared for by loving parents. It was in the Sheriff's office where I first witnessed the horrors of child sex trafficking, and it convinced me we needed to do more to protect youth at risk of abuse. And in late summer, 1982 I began a 20-year journey that would focus my attention on this issue like nothing else ever could. […] We can't continue to allow these kids to become victims of this terrible crime. We owe it to these children to ensure our nation's foster care system does all it can to protect them so they can live safe, happy, and successful lives. For too many kids in foster care, we are not living up to that promise. That's why the topic of today's hearing is so critical to me, and why I know it's important to each of our witnesses today. I look forward to hearing from each of them." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Dave Reichert, Erik Paulsen, Louise Slaughter, Ted Poe, Karen Bass, Orrin G. Hatch, Withelma "T" Ortiz Walker Pettigrew, John Ryan, Bobbe J. Bridge, Melinda Giovengo, and Ashley Harris.

  United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means

  2013-10-23
• Challenge to Europe: The Growing Refugee Crisis, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Europe, Eurasia, and Emerging Threats of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, First Session, November 4, 2015

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  This is the November 4, 2015 hearing on "Challenge to Europe: The Growing Refugee Crisis," held before the Subcommittee on Europe, Eurasia and Emerging Threats of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives. From the opening statement of Dana Rohrabacher: "The topic of this afternoon's hearing is a massive and increasing tide of asylum seekers, economic vibrance, stateless persons, and displaced people who have been and continue to enter Europe as we have seen, all seen, in the videos and news reports. Migrants fleeing to Europe, they have been an issue of humanitarian concern for several years, but a wave of immigration erupted into a tsunami this summer, when the German Government announced it would ignore the Dublin rules and accept all Syrian refugees that made it to the German border. That announcement opened the gates for a flow of people to move from North Africa, the Middle East, and even Asia to transit through Greece, Turkey, the Balkans, and northward into Europe. With some notable exceptions, countries have simply facilitated the movement of migrants through their territory as quickly as possible, sometimes working to register the asylum seekers and sometimes not." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Gary Shiffman and V. Bradley Lewis.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2015
• DHS Office of Inspector General, Testimony of Acting Inspector General John V. Kelly, Hearing Before Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Homeland Security, U.S. House of Representatives, March 6, 2019

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  From the testimony of John V. Kelly: "My testimony today will focus on our recent work in the areas of: (1) family separation, (2) unannounced inspections of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) facilities, (3) the Department's efforts to hire and train border patrol agents and immigration officers, and (4) oversight of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) disaster relief work."

  United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General

  2019-03-06
• Budget Hearing: United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Before the U.S. House Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Homeland Security, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, Second Session, March 13, 2014

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  This testimony compilation is from the March 13, 2014 hearing before the Subcommittee on Homeland Security of the House Committee on Appropriations, "Budget Hearing: United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement." From the opening statement of John Carter: "Our job today is to learn whether the President's budget request enables you to do your jobs taking down transnational criminal organizations, combating illegal cross border activity, and enforcing immigration laws. Gentlemen, I'm going to be blunt. As Chairman of this subcommittee, I must be convinced the budget supports your operations. Unfortunately, from what I have reviewed so far, cuts to operational accounts aren't justified by facts, analysis, or data." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: John Carter, Daniel H. Ragsdale, Peter T. Edge, and Thomas Homan.

  United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations

  2014-03-13
• Examining the Syrian Refugee Crisis, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on the Middle East and North Africa of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, September 19, 2013

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  This is the September 19, 2013 hearing on "Examining the Syrian Refugee Crisis" held before U.S. House Subcommittee on the Middle East and North Africa of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. From the opening statement of Ileana Ros-Lehtinen "While much attention and great amounts of deliberation have been focused on the use of chemical weapons in the Syrian conflict and what the proper U.S. response may be, we must also continue to highlight the increasingly dire humanitarian crisis. Since this conflict began in March 2011, the numbers of those impacted have grown exponentially and are truly shocking and devastating. Nearly a full one-third of Syria's population is in dire need of humanitarian assistance and has been displaced by the conflict. By most estimates, there are now nearly five million Syrians who are now internally displaced persons (IDP). Unable or unwilling to flee Syria to find sanctuary elsewhere for whatever reason, these IDPs are extremely vulnerable. The vast majority of them are women and children, and the elderly, who end up staying in unofficial shelters, unfinished buildings and makeshift accommodations, making it extremely difficult to get them the basic necessities that they require. There have also been over two million Syrians who have risked their lives to flee the fighting in Syria and have sought refuge in other countries, with over one million of those refugees being children under the age of 18. Over 97% of these refugees flee to Syria's neighboring countries, like our ally Jordan, or to Turkey, Lebanon, Egypt, and Iraq. We have seen hundreds of thousands flee to each of these countries, and this mass influx of refugees weighs heavily on their economies and their security situations. Perhaps the two countries most greatly impacted by the refugee crisis are Lebanon and Jordan." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Anne C. Richard and Nancy E. Lindborg.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2013
• Enforcing the President's Constitutional Duty to Faithfully Execute the Laws, Hearing Before the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, Second Session, February 26, 2014

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  "This is the February 26, 2014 hearing on 'Enforcing the President's Constitutional Duty to Faithfully Execute the Laws,' held before the U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary. From the opening statement of Bob Goodlatte: 'Since taking office, President Obama has increasingly pushed the boundaries on executive power beyond their constitutional limits. He has repeatedly declared that rather than faithfully executing the laws passed by the legislative branch, he will refuse to take no for answer, and that where Congress will not act, I will. These have not been empty proclamations. From Obamacare, to welfare and education reform, to our Nation's drug enforcement and immigration laws, President Obama has been picking and choosing which laws to enforce. But the Constitution does not confer upon the President the executive authority to disregard the separation of powers and write or rewrite acts of Congress. It is a bedrock principle of constitutional law that the President must faithfully execute the laws. The President has no authority to bypass Congress and unilaterally waive, suspend, or amend the laws based on his policy preferences. President Obama's actions have pushed executive power beyond all limits and created what has been characterized as an uber-presidency.' Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Elizabeth Price Foley, Christopher H. Schroeder, and Jonathan Turley."

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2014
• America's Immigration System: Opportunities for Legal Immigration and Enforcement of Laws Against Illegal Immigration, Hearing Before the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, February 5, 2013

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  This is the February 5, 2013 hearing on "America's Immigration System: Opportunities for Legal Immigration and Enforcement of Laws Against Illegal Immigration," held before the House Committee on the Judiciary. From the opening statement of Bob Goodlatte: "This year, Congress will engage in a momentous debate on immigration. This will be a massive undertaking with significant implications for the future direction of our nation. As such, we must move forward methodically and evaluate this issue in stages, taking care to fully vet the pros and cons of each piece. This debate is often emotionally charged. That is because it is not about abstract statistics and concepts, but rather about real people with real problems trying to provide a better life for their families. This holds true for U.S. citizens, for legal residents, and for those unlawfully residing in the U.S. I urge the Members of this Committee to keep that in mind as we begin our examination. America is a nation of immigrants. Everyone among us can go back a few or several generations to our own relatives who came to America in search of a better life for themselves and their families. But we are also a nation of laws." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Vivek Wadhwa, Michael Teitelbaum, Puneet S. Arora, Julian Castro, Julie Myers Wood, Chris Crane, Jessica Vaughan and Muzaffar Chishti.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2013
• Gangs and Crime in Latin America, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere of the Committee on the International Relations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, First Session, April 20, 2005

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  From the opening statement of Dan Burton: "Today the Subcommittee will examine the growing threat of street gangs on security and stability in Latin America and the United States. Gangs of various kinds have existed in the United States and Latin America for years, traditionally in large metropolitan areas. In recent years, however, gang activities have grown increasingly violent and have spread to smaller cities, as well as rural areas. According to the United States Department of Justice, some 30,000 gangs, with about 800,000 members, operate in the United States. They range from small local groups to large multi-state and multinational organizations, and their growth was fueled by the explosive use of illegal drugs in the United States during the 1980s. A 2001 survey by the National Youth Gang Center showed that while all racial groups are represented in street gangs, nearly half of all members are Hispanic, many of them the children of illegal immigrants. Today's high profile street gangs are a different, more dangerous breed than their predecessors. Although, just as violent as the gangs in the past, today's street gangs are more organized with members holding clandestine meetings to exchange guns, drugs, plot strategies, target enemies, and share intelligence information on law enforcement, all the hallmarks of a criminal syndicate or terrorist network." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Adolfo A. Franco, Dan Burton, Chris Swecker, John P. Torres, Stephen C. Johnson, Kelly L. Smith, Manuel Orozco, and Robert Menendez.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2006
• Empowering Local Law Enforcement to Combat Illegal Immigration, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy, and Human Resources of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, Second Session, August 25, 2006

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  From the opening statement of Mr. Souder: "This is the third hearing our subcommittee has held this year on the subject of illegal immigration. The first was in Winston-Salem in April on illegal immigrant gangs, and the second was just last month in Washington, DC, on the proposed expansion of the Southwest border fence. I'd like to thank my fellow member and good friend, Sue Myrick, classmate, who was--has invited us here to her district. I hope that the information we gather at this hearing will help us achieve the goals of securing our border and enhancing Federal partnership with State and local officials in combating illegal immigration. I should also point out that this subcommittee did a major border report three or 4 years ago before the creation of the Homeland Security Committee that was the foundation of the border committee, that 2- year cycle we did somewhere in the vicinity of 10 to 12 hearings on both the Southwest border and on the Northern border in Canada so--and we have oversight over the Justice Department, which is why we work on illegal immigration. This is just the third hearing in the cycle of the last 6 months. Since 2001, the illegal immigrant population in this country has been swelling by nearly 1 million annually. After crossing the border, most illegal immigrants undoubtedly would prefer to quietly find work and earn money rather than participate in any activity that might draw the attention of law enforcement. However, some of them feel no such restraint, as many Federal, State and local police agencies will attest. As the illegal immigrant population swells, so too does the population of criminals among them."

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2007
• Offshore Oil and Gas: Leasing 'Pause,' Federal Leasing Review, and Current Issues [Updated April 29, 2022]

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  From the Document: "Offshore oil and gas leasing has been affected by executive branch actions pertaining to energy leasing on all federal lands. On January 27, 2021, President Joe Biden issued Executive Order (E.O.) 14008, directing multiple actions to address climate change. Section 208 of the order directed the Secretary of the Interior to 'pause new oil and natural gas leases on public lands or in offshore waters pending completion of a comprehensive review and reconsideration of Federal oil and gas permitting and leasing practices,' to the extent that such actions were 'consistent with applicable law.' The E.O. directed that the review evaluate 'potential climate and other impacts' associated with oil and gas leasing, as well as whether to adjust royalties paid to the federal government from onshore and offshore oil and gas production to account for 'climate costs."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Guenther, Gary L.

  2022-04-29
• Overview of the Treasury Department's Federal Payment Levy and Treasury Offset Programs [Updated April 22, 2022]

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  From the Document: "The U.S. Department of the Treasury, through the Bureau of Fiscal Service (BFS), has two programs for collecting delinquent debt owed by individuals, businesses, and other entities to federal and state government agencies. They differ mainly by the type of debt each program collects. The Federal Payment Levy Program (FPLP) collects delinquent 'federal tax debt' only. In this case, the BFS collaborates with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to collect this debt by placing a continuous levy on eligible federal payments to delinquent taxpayers. The Treasury Offset Program (TOP) collects a 'variety of state tax and nontax debt and federal nontax debt'. In this case, the BFS collaborates with federal and state government agencies to collect delinquent debt (including past-due child support) by offsetting certain federal payments to delinquent individuals. Federal nontax debt consists of direct loans, defaulted guaranteed loans, administrative debt (e.g., salary and benefit overpayments), and unpaid fines and penalties."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Guenther, Gary L.

  2022-04-22
• Political Transition in Yemen [April 25, 2022]

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  From the Document: "In April 2022, a truce went into effect between the Republic of Yemen Government (ROYG) and the 'Ansar Allah' movement (aka the Houthis), the first nationwide truce in six years. Yemen's president subsequently resigned, reportedly under pressure from Saudi Arabia, which leads a coalition backing the ROYG in its fight against the Iran-backed Houthi movement. Congress may review the status of the Yemen conflict during its consideration of the Biden Administration's request for $46 million in FY2023 foreign assistance funding for Yemen and through its oversight of the Administration's regional policies, including a potential nuclear agreement with Iran and defensive support to U.S. partners."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  2022-04-25
• Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 6511, Strategic Petroleum Reserve Reform Act

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  "H.R. 6511 would authorize the Department of Energy (DOE) to lease certain facilities at the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) to the private sector, subject to certain conditions. The act would direct DOE to implement a pilot program for leasing storage capacity for up to 200 million barrels of crude oil and authorize the department to use funds appropriated to the Energy Security and Infrastructure Modernization Fund (ESIMF) to make any capital improvements necessary for commercial use. Finally, DOE would be required to charge fees sufficient to fully compensate the government for costs incurred for commercial leasing activities. DOE would be allowed to spend any such proceeds on operating expenses without further appropriation."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2018-12-07
• Hearing on National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 and Oversight of Previously Authorized Programs, Before the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, Second Session, Subcommittee on Readiness Hearing on Marine Corps Readiness Posture, March 6, 2018

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  This is the March 6, 2018 hearing on "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 and Oversight of Previously Authorized Programs," held before the U.S. House Committee on Armed Services. From the opening statement of Joe Wilson: "Today, the subcommittee will hear from Marine Corps senior leaders regarding the Marine Corps fiscal year 2019 budget request and current state of Marine Corps readiness. Specifically, we want to explore the shortfalls, gaps, and critical challenges facing the Marine Corps readiness recovery plan and recognize the progress achieved thus far, and we want to gain a keen understanding of how the fiscal year 2019 budget request enables critical warfighting capabilities and life-cycle sustainment." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Brian D. Beaudreault, Michael G. Dana, and Rex C. McMillian.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2018
• Fiscal Year 2014 Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force Combat Aviation Programs: Hearing Before the United States House of Representatives Committee on Armed Services, Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, April 17, 2013

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  This testimony compilation is from the April 17, 2013 hearing, "Fiscal Year 2014 Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force Combat Aviation Programs," before the U.S. House Committee on Armed Services, Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces. From the opening statement of W. Mark Skinner, Bill Moran, and Robert E. Schmidle: "Our testimony will provide background and rationale for the Department's Fiscal Year 2014 Budget request for aviation programs aligning to our strategic priorities and budgetary goals. The United States is a maritime nation with global responsibilities. Our Navy and Marine Corps' persistent presence and multi-mission capability represent U.S. power projection across the global commons." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Charles R. Davis, Burt Field, Robert E. Schmidle, W. Mark Skinner, and Michael J. Sullivan.

  United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services

  2013-04-17
• Marine Corps 2017 Operations and Maintenance Budget Request and Readiness Posture, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Readiness of the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, Second Session, March 3, 2016

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  This testimony compilation is from the March 3, 2016 hearing on "Marine Corps 2017 Operations and Maintenance Budget Request and Readiness Posture" held before the Readiness Subcommittee of the House Committee on Armed Services. From the statement conclusion of John M. Paxton Jr.: "On behalf of all of our Marines, Sailors, and their families, I thank the Congress and this subcommittee for affording us the opportunity to discuss some of the key challenges faced by our Marine Corps today and providing us the support and resources to win on the battlefield of the future as well as of today. With your continued support, we will strive to carefully and correctly balance readiness with risk in today's force and the force of tomorrow, and to articulate what we require to guarantee our warfighting capability and capacity as we improve our balance across all five pillars of readiness today and into the future. We will continue to answer the nation's call to arms, meet the needs of the Combatant Commanders and national leaders who depend on us, and be prepared to respond to any crisis or contingency that may arise. Your Marine Corps will continue to do as the 82nd and 114th Congress directed: 'to be the most ready when the nation is least ready.'" Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Vincent A. Coglianese, John M. Paxton Jr., and Glenn M. Walters.

  United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services

  2016-03-03
• Pakistan's Domestic Political Setting [Updated April 28, 2022]

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  From the Overview: "The Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a parliamentary democracy in which the prime minister is head of government and the president is head of state. A bicameral parliament is comprised of a 342-seat National Assembly (NA) and a 104-seat Senate, both with directly elected representatives from each of the country's four provinces (Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa or KP, Punjab, and Sindh), as well as from the former Federally Administered Tribal Areas (now part of KP) and the Islamabad Capital Territory (the quasi-independent regions of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan have no representation). The NA reserves 60 seats for women and 10 seats for religious minorities on a proportional basis, meaning only 272 districts elect representatives. The prime minister is elected to an indeterminate term by the NA. The president is elected to a five-year term by an Electoral College comprised of both chambers of Parliament, as well as members of each of the country's four provincial assemblies. NA and provincial assembly members are elected to five-year terms. Senate terms are six years, with elections every three years. Senate powers are limited, and only the NA can approve budget and finance bills."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Kronstadt, K. Alan

  2022-04-28
• Intellectual Property and Technical Data in DOD Acquisitions [April 22, 2022]

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  From the Document: "The Department of Defense (DOD) relies extensively on the organizations that comprise the defense industrial base (DIB). These entities provide the products and services that enable DOD's business operations and warfighting capabilities. In some situations, DOD must also consider the need to obtain intellectual property (IP) and technical data rights in order to operate and maintain the capabilities it acquires. IP rights have grown in importance to DOD as U.S. defense research and development (R&D) spending as a share of global R&D spending has declined--and IP rights are also increasingly important to DIB entities who rely on their portfolios of developed IP to generate profits from their R&D investments. Observers such as the Government Accountability Office (GAO) have said that DOD has not always been consistent in its acquisition and licensing of IP developed at private expense in the past, resulting in 'reduced mission readiness and surging sustainment costs' in some instances. In recognition of these trends, Congress has directed DOD to take a number of actions to improve policies and processes for how DOD acquires IP."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Peters, Heidi M.

  2022-04-22
• Russia's Invasion of Ukraine: Overview of U.S. Sanctions and Other Responses [Updated April 22, 2022]

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  From the Document: "On February 24, 2022, Russia launched an undeclared war [hyperlink] against Ukraine. The United States [hyperlink] and countries [hyperlink] around the world [hyperlink] have condemned Russia's 'unprecedented military aggression' as 'unprovoked and unjustified.' Members of legislatures, local governments, businesses, and publics [hyperlink] in the United States and elsewhere have expressed support for Ukraine and have condemned Russia's invasion. Hundreds of U.S. and other companies [hyperlink] have withdrawn, suspended, or curtailed operations in Russia. On March 2, 2022, the U.N. General Assembly voted [hyperlink] 141-5 to demand Russia 'immediately, completely and unconditionally withdraw' from Ukraine (34 countries, including China and India, abstained)."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Welt, Cory

  2022-04-22
• Farm Bill Primer: International Food Aid Programs, Mcgovern-Dole and Local and Regional Procurement [April 21, 2022]

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  From the Document: "The U.S. government administers international food assistance programs that aim to alleviate hunger and improve food security around the world. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) administers several of these programs, including the McGovern-Dole International Food for Education and Child Nutrition Program (McGovern-Dole) and the Local and Regional Procurement Program (LRP). These two programs have several parallel provisions that aim to achieve the same goal of providing nonemergency food aid in an effort to help communities boost agricultural productivity, strengthen local food systems, and improve nutrition. This In Focus provides an overview of the McGovern-Dole and LRP programs, including their legislative authority, statutory requirements, funding trends, recent projects, and selected issues for Congress."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Nair, Amber D.

  2022-04-21
• Russia's 2022 Invasion of Ukraine: Related CRS Products [Updated April 29, 2022]

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  From the Document: "On February 24, 2022, the Russian Federation invaded Ukraine, with wide-ranging implications for U.S. national security and an array of global geopolitical and economic issues. This report compiles CRS [Congressional Research Service] products on various aspects of this conflict, and will be updated regularly as new products are developed. It also includes some products published before the invasion that offer relevant background and context."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Danon, Zoe; Blum, David A.

  2022-04-29
• Oversight of the Federal Emergency Management Agency's Response to the Baton Rouge Flood Disaster, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Transportation and Public Assests of the Committee on Oversight & Government Reform, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, Second Session, September 9, 2016

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  This testimony compilation is from the September 9, 2016 hearing, "Oversight of the Federal Emergency Management Agency's Response to the Baton Rouge Flood Disaster," before the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Transportation and Public Assets of the Committee on Oversight & Government Reform. The purpose of this testimony is "To examine the extent of damage to the region, oversee the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) recovery efforts and identify areas for improvement." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Tony Robinson, I.M. Shelton, Gerard Landry, Rick Ramsey, and John B. Edwards.

  United States. Congress. House. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform (2007-)

  2016-09-09
• Nonstructural Shoreline Stabilization Projects, or 'Beach Renourishment,' and the Coastal Barrier Resources Act (CBRA) [April 21, 2022]

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  From the Document: "Coastal areas have often been popular sites for development for a variety of commercial, scientific, and personal purposes. The U.S. coastal areas are twice as developed [hyperlink] as the rest of the country, and such development has been increasing [hyperlink]. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration reports that 127 million people [hyperlink] lived in coastal counties as of 2014 and that population density along the coast has been increasing [hyperlink]. However, such areas are also susceptible to erosion, flooding [hyperlink], and damage from severe storms [hyperlink] that can bring high winds, powerful waves, heavy precipitation, and storm surge. These challenges for people living and working along the coast are likely to increase with the impacts of climate change [hyperlink], such as sea level rise, potential changes in weather patterns, and potential exacerbation of algal blooms. Congress has sought to reduce federal incentives for additional development along coastal barriers. The Coastal Barrier Resources Act [hyperlink] (CBRA or 'act'; 16 U.S.C. §§ 3501-3510), enacted in 1982 and subsequently amended, restricts the use of new federal funding that may encourage development on or around certain coastal barriers. The CBRA imposes these restrictions 'to minimize the loss of human life, wasteful expenditure of federal revenues, and the damage to fish, wildlife, and other natural resources associated with the coastal barriers.' [hyperlink] The act allows for certain exceptions [hyperlink] to these restrictions, including one for nonstructural shoreline stabilization projects."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Ward, Erin H.

  2022-04-21