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April 2022 Update to TIGER: Policymakers Face Grim Quandaries as Storm Clouds Gather
From the Webpage: "This was to be the year of post-COVID [coronavirus disease] normalization, labor market healing, and a growth revival. Instead, it is turning into a fraught period of geopolitical realignments, persistent supply disruptions, and financial market volatility, all against the background of surging inflationary pressures and limited room for policy maneuver. The latest update of the Brookings-Financial Times Tracking Indexes for the Global Economic Recovery (TIGER) shows an overall loss of growth momentum, with considerable unevenness across countries in their vulnerability to adverse domestic and international developments. The war in Ukraine, the resurgence of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] in China, and the limited macroeconomic policy space that now confronts most governments will make 2022 a tough year for global growth. The disruptive impact of COVID-19 seems contained in most other parts of the world, although it remains a wildcard as new variants emerge."
Brookings Institution. Global Economy and Development
Khanna, Aryan; Prasad, Eswar
2022-04-17
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Combating Money Laundering and Other Forms of Illicit Finance: Regulator and Law Enforcement Perspectives on Reform, Hearing Before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, Second Session, November 29, 2018
This is the November 29, 2018 hearing on "Combating Money Laundering and Other Forms of Illicit Finance: Regulator and Law Enforcement Perspectives on Reform," held before the U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. From the Opening Statement of Mike Crapo: "This morning marks the fourth time this year that Members of the Banking Committee meet to evaluate the regulatory scheme of the Bank Secrecy Act [BSA] in terms of efficiency in reporting and effectiveness of enforcement. The purpose of these hearings is to assess the current BSA framework against the challenges faced by the public and private sectors in confronting the risks posed by the constantly evolving money laundering, sanctions evasion, and terrorist financing methods used by illicit financiers in the United States. The Committee's goal is always to search for a means to more effectively target and prevent these activities, while imposing the least burden on those in industry tasked with being the gatekeepers to the United States financial system. [...] Today, the Committee will continue its probe for new ideas on reform from the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, or FinCEN; the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, or OCC as we call them; and from the FBI, which ultimately cannot be hampered by a misplaced reform in its mission to chase down the criminals and illicit proceeds they generate." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Kenneth A. Blanco, Grovetta N. Gardineer, and Steven M. D'Antuono.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022
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Too Much, Too Long? Domestic Violence in the Workplace, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Employment and Workplace Safety of the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, United States Senate, One Hundred Tenth Congress, First Session, April 17, 2007
This is the April 17, 2007 hearing on "Examining Domestic Violence in the Workplace," held before the Subcommittee on Employment and Workplace Safety of the U.S. Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. From the opening statement of Patty Murray: "Each day, we get terrible reminders that domestic violence does not stay at home. It follows people into their workplace, posing safety, financial and legal problems for the victims, employers and other workers. If we ignore it, the horrible toll of domestic violence in the workplace will continue unchecked. But if we confront it, we can make progress and I believe this is the time to have an informed discussion and in fact, next week will mark the National Crime Victims Rights Week and Lifetime Television will help us to focus attention on ending the violence. My goal today is to gather the facts about the size and scope of the problem and to discuss solutions, including a bill that I am introducing today called the Survivors Empowerment and Economic Security Act[.]" Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Kathy Rodgers, Laura Fortman, Yvette Cade, and Sue Willman.
United States. Government Printing Office
2009
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Privacy Impact Assessment for the Department of Homeland Security State, Local, and Regional Fusion Center Initiative
"This PIA (Privacy Impact Assessment) examines the privacy implications of the State, Local and Regional Fusion Center Initiative, established by the 9/11 Commission Act, as well as for DHS' State and Local Program Management Office (SLPMO) which has managerial responsibility for the SLFC Program, and which predates the Act. It begins with a discussion of the specific authority for the Initiative provided within the Act. Then, since the Department's interactions with fusion centers and the SLPMO existed before the Act passed, the PIA includes a background section, examining the underpinnings of the fusion center concept. Next, the PIA catalogs ongoing efforts to infuse privacy into the program including dissemination of fusion center guidelines respecting individual privacy; support for the Information Sharing Environment (ISE); participation in public outreach; providing privacy training to participants in the Initiative; and steps to imbed privacy into programs which are expected to interact with the fusion center Initiative. The PIA then examines how the program's existing policies and procedures implement the Fair Information Practice Principles (FIPPs). Finally, the PIA examines specific privacy concerns raised by the creation and operation of the Initiative and steps participants have taken to mitigate those concerns. Wherever possible, the PIA includes recommendations the Department and individual fusion centers may take in order to further reduce their impact on the privacy of the American Public."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2008-12-11
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Privacy Impact Assessment for the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Modernization/Business Process Improvement/Systems Engineering Management Support (NFIP Information Technology Systems/NextGen)
"The objective of the PIA (Privacy Impact Assessment) is to assist the DHS/FEMA staff to identify and address privacy requirements when planning, developing, implementing, and operating individual agency information management systems. The PIA process also helps to identify sensitive systems so that appropriate information assurance measures are in place. This privacy impact assessment is being conducted in order to outline the NFIP program and how the NextGen Modernization effort affects the information collected and used in the NFIP. [...]The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Modernization, Business Process Improvement, and Systems Engineering Management Support project has transitioned into NFIP IT (NextGen). The NFIP IT NextGen service oriented and integrated systems will support daily reporting by NFIP insurance companies and improve services to stakeholders, especially policy holders."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2008-11-26
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Privacy Impact Assessment for the USCIS Customer Relationship Interface System (CRIS)
"The United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has developed the Customer Relationship Interface System (CRIS) to provide USCIS customers with the status of pending applications and petitions for benefits and processing time information. This PIA is required because the CRIS database contains personally identifiable information (PII) such as Alien Registration Number (A-Number), full name, date of birth, and address."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2008-12-04
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Privacy Impact Assessment for the Automated Commercial System (ACS)/ Automated Commercial Environment (ACE)- Importer Security Filing Data
"U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is expanding and revising the collection of data from carriers and importers to the Automated Commercial System (ACS) in an effort to prevent terrorist weapons from being transported to the United States. Using ACS, CBP collects cargo, carrier, importer, and other data to achieve improved high-risk cargo targeting as required by Section 203 of the Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 (Pub. L. 109-347, 120 Stat. 1884 (SAFE Port Act)). This PIA (Privacy Impact Assessment) is being conducted to explore the use of personally identifiable information contained in the Importer Security Filing submitted by the importer to CBP. The Automated Commercial System (ACS) is the comprehensive system used by U.S. Customs and Border Protection to track, control, and process all commercial goods imported into the United States."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2008-12-02
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Privacy Impact Assessment Update for the Automated Targeting System [Updated December 2, 2008]
"This is an update to the previous Automated Targeting System (ATS) privacy impact assessment, dated August 3, 2007, in order to expand the scope of the data accessed for screening and targeting purposes to include additional importer and carrier requirements. In conjunction with this update, CBP (Customs and Border Protection) is publishing an Interim Final Rule that amends the CBP regulations contained in 19 CFR Parts 4, 12, 18, 101, 103, 113, 122, 123, 141, 143, 149, 178, and 192 addressing the advanced electronic submission of information by importers and vessel carriers. ATS is an intranet-based enforcement and decision support tool that is the cornerstone for all CBP targeting efforts. As a decision support tool ATS compares traveler, cargo, and conveyance information against intelligence and other enforcement data by incorporating risk-based targeting scenarios and assessments. CBP uses ATS to improve the collection, use, analysis, and dissemination of information that is gathered for the primary purpose of targeting, identifying, and preventing potential terrorists and terrorist weapons from entering the United States. Additionally, ATS is utilized by CBP to identify other violations of U.S. laws that are enforced by CBP."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2008-12-02
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FY 2009 Overview: Emergency Operations Center (EOC) and Driver's License Security Grant Programs
"The Emergency Operations Center (EOC) Grant Program is intended to improve emergency management and preparedness capabilities by supporting flexible, sustainable, secure, and interoperable Emergency Operations Centers (EOCs) with a focus on addressing identified deficiencies and needs. This program provides funding for construction or renovation of a state, local, or tribal governments' principal EOC. Fully capable emergency operations facilities at the state and local levels are an essential element of a comprehensive national emergency management system and are necessary to ensure continuity of operations and continuity of government in major disasters caused by any hazard. The governor of each state and territory is required to designate a State Administrative Agency (SAA) to apply for and administer the funds awarded under EOC. The SAA is the only eligible entity able to apply for the available funding on behalf of eligible state, local, and tribal EOCs."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2008-12-16
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National Incident Management System, December 2008
This document is a revised version of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's 'National Incident Management System' as of December 2008. "On February 28, 2003, the President issued Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5 (HSPD-5), 'Management of Domestic Incidents,' which directed the Secretary of Homeland Security to develop and administer a National Incident Management System (NIMS). This system provides a consistent nationwide template to enable Federal, State, tribal, and local governments, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and the private sector to work together to prevent, protect against, respond to, recover from, and mitigate the effects of incidents, regardless of cause, size, location, or complexity. [...] This document was developed through a collaborative intergovernmental partnership with significant input from the incident management functional disciplines, NGOs, and the private sector. Originally published on March 1, 2004, the document was revised in 2008 to reflect contributions from stakeholders and lessons learned during recent incidents."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2008-12
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Report to the President and Congress: Ensuring Leadership in Federally Funded Research and Development in Information Technology
From the Document: "Information technology (IT) drives the modern world. Nearly 80 percent of the households in the developed world have access to the Internet, and nearly half of the world is connected. Nearly every device -- be it a car, a kitchen appliance, a device on the manufacturing floor, or a child's toy -- is enhanced by IT. IT empowers scientific inquiry, space and Earth exploration, teaching and learning, consumer buying and selling, informed decision-making, national security, transportation, advanced manufacturing, and protection of the environment. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that more than half of all new science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) jobs will be related to information technology. It is difficult today to imagine a major economic sector, governmental function, or societal activity that does not directly or indirectly benefit from advances in information technology. Today's advances rest on a strong base of research and development (R&D) created over many years of government and private investment. Because of these investments, the United States has a vibrant academia-industry-government ecosystem to support research and innovation in IT and to bring the results into practical use. It is essential that the Nation continue to invest in IT R&D and to steward those investments wisely in order to address important national goals in areas such as defense, economic prosperity and inclusion, health and human safety, education, and quality of life."
United States. White House Office
2015-08
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Cross Agency Priority Goal Quarterly Progress Update: Insider Threat and Security Clearance Reform
From the Overview section: "Mitigate the inherent risks and vulnerabilities posed by personnel with trusted access to government information, facilities, systems and other personnel. […] [The 'vision' of this report includes the following:] The Federal Government will mitigate the inherent risks posed by personnel with access to government information, facilities, systems and other personnel. To achieve this objective, agencies will work with the Performance Accountability Council (PAC) and the Senior Information Sharing and Safeguarding Steering Committee (SISSSC) to: [1] Improve Enterprise Management of Information Technology and Resources; [2] Develop Insider Threat Programs; [3] Implement Continuous Evaluation; [4] Improve Availability and Sharing of Relevant Information; [5] Implement Federal Investigative Standards (FIS); [6] Improve Oversight and Quality of Background Investigations (BI) and Adjudications; [7] Improve Risk Management with Appropriate Position Designations and Associated Investigations; [8] Improve Security and Suitability Alignment and Reciprocity[.]"
United States. White House Office
Mayock, Andrew; Clapper, James R. (James Robert), 1941-; Cobert, Beth . . .
2016
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Remarks by the President at the Acceptance of the Nobel Peace Prize, Oslo, Norway, December 10, 2009
This speech was delivered by President Barack Obama upon receiving the Nobel Peace Prize. From the text: "I receive this honor with deep gratitude and great humility. It is an award that speaks to our highest aspirations -- that for all the cruelty and hardship of our world, we are not mere prisoners of fate. Our actions matter, and can bend history in the direction of justice. And yet I would be remiss if I did not acknowledge the considerable controversy that your generous decision has generated. (Laughter.) In part, this is because I am at the beginning, and not the end, of my labors on the world stage. Compared to some of the giants of history who've received this prize -- Schweitzer and King; Marshall and Mandela -- my accomplishments are slight. And then there are the men and women around the world who have been jailed and beaten in the pursuit of justice; those who toil in humanitarian organizations to relieve suffering; the unrecognized millions whose quiet acts of courage and compassion inspire even the most hardened cynics. I cannot argue with those who find these men and women -- some known, some obscure to all but those they help -- to be far more deserving of this honor than I."
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
Obama, Barack
2009-12-10
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Spanish-Language Media Outlets Document Obama Administration Outreach to Hispanics [April 29, 2009]
This press release from April 29, 2009 includes "excerpts of coverage of the first 100 days [of President Obama's Administration] from some of the leading Spanish-language media outlets in the country." The White House Press Office notes that "[t]hese stories originated in Spanish, but, for your reference, the White House is providing an English translation of some excerpts." The briefing includes links to the original documents in Spanish.
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
2009-04-29
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American Leadership in the World
From the Document: "The President has refocused and reaffirmed American leadership in the world, recognizing that American strength derives not only from our military power but also our economic vitality, the depth and breadth of our global partnerships, and our values. In doing so, the President has remained relentless in taking action against terrorist networks, while also focusing on key emerging regions and policies that will shape the 21st century."
United States. White House Office
2016-03-06?
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Year of Action: A Final Progress Report on the Obama Administrations's Actions to Help Create Opportunity for all Americans
From the Document: "When President Obama vowed that 2014 would be a year of action in his State of the Union Address, he meant it. And he followed through, announcing more than 80 new executive actions that will help grow the economy, create jobs, address the threat of climate change, and strengthen the middle class. The President also pledged to convene leaders from businesses, nonprofits, education, and communities to expand opportunity for more American families, and in some key areas, his efforts have spurred broader action. Over the past year, President Obama successfully rallied support for raising the minimum wage in states and cities across the country, while signing an executive order to raise the minimum wage for workers on new federal contracts. And he's offered 4 million undocumented immigrants a path out of the shadows while holding them accountable, all while doing everything in his power to attract and keep the most talented high-skill workers to our shores from around the world."
United States. White House Office
2014
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National Strategy for Combating Terrorist and Other Illicit Financing [May 2022]
From the Introduction: "Illicit finance activity in the United States or transiting the U.S. financial system poses a systemic challenge to our financial integrity and national security. It distorts markets and victimizes ordinary Americans. [...] The National Strategy for Combating Terrorist and Other Illicit Financing (2022 Strategy) will guide U.S. government efforts to effectively address the most significant illicit finance threats and risks to the U.S. financial system. It is organized around the principle that a strong and transparent financial system that denies illicit actors access to the funds and resources they need to carry out harmful activities, or to profit from their crimes, supports equitable economic growth, strengthens U.S. national security, and protects Americans. The 2022 Strategy takes into account changes to the illicit finance risk environment and major deficiencies in the U.S. AML/CFT [anti-money laundering/countering the financing of terrorism] regime. These include: the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, ransomware attacks, an opioid-driven overdose epidemic, domestic violent extremism (DVE), corruption, the increased digitization of payments and financial services, and the enactment of significant new requirements to the U.S. AML/CFT framework. More recently, this also includes Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine and the unprecedented international sanctions and economic pressure campaign that have occurred in response."
United States. Department of the Treasury
2022-05
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Remarks by the President in State of Union Address [January 25, 2011]
In this January 25, 2011 State of the Union Address, President Barack Obama presents an agenda to restore the nation's economy and "win the future." President Obama discusses the need to maintain America's leadership by out-innovating, out-educating, and out-building America's global competition. He also speaks of the need to reform the way government works and to take responsibility of the deficit. On national security, President Obama discusses the passage of the New START [Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty] treaty, diplomatic efforts regarding Iran and North Korea, Iraq and Afghanistan, and the fight against al Qaeda and their affiliates. In regards to immigration, the President states the need to "protect our borders, enforce our laws and address the millions of undocumented workers who are now living in the shadows."
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
Obama, Barack
2011-01-25
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President Obama's Plan to Win the Future by Investing in Clean Energy Research and Development [January 25, 2011]
This White House fact sheet discusses President Obama's 2011 State of the Union speech and the president's goal of investing in clean energy research and development. From the Document: "In his State of the Union address, President Obama called for winning the future through new investments in research and development (R&D) that will grow our economy and allow America to remain competitive in the 21st century. That is why the President's Budget will propose over $8 billion for research, development, and deployment investments in clean energy technology programs. This represents a one-third increase in funding, which will be paid for with resources that we now spend on subsidizing fossil fuels. The Administration's clean energy R&D priorities focus on developing cutting-edge technologies with real-world applications to advance a clean energy economy, increase industrial and manufacturing efficiency, reduce energy demand in buildings, and reach our goal of having 1 million advanced technology vehicles on the road by 2015."
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
2011-01-25
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Statistical Programs of the United States Government: Fiscal Year 2015
From the Document: "This report fulfills a responsibility of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (PRA, 44 U.S.C. 3504(e)(2)) to prepare an annual report on statistical program funding. The annual report provides Congress with a consolidated source for key budgetary and programmatic information about the Federal statistical system. The report has four chapters. Chapter 1 discusses the value of Federal statistics, describes the structure of the Federal statistical system, and provides a summary of the budget for statistical programs, including purchases and reimbursements, for Fiscal Years (FY) 2013-2015. Chapter 2 provides details about principal statistical agency programs, highlights the effect of congressional action on FY 2013 and 2014 budget requests, and identifies major program changes planned for FY 2015. Chapter 3 describes other significant statistical programs of Federal agencies and identifies major program changes anticipated in FY 2015. Chapter 4 describes ongoing efforts to maintain and improve Federal statistical programs, including the development and periodic revision of statistical standards and guidelines, selected interagency initiatives to improve the quality and usefulness of the Nation's statistical products, and various collaborations among Federal statistical agencies. In addition to data on budgetary resources, the appendices include information on staffing levels for the principal statistical agencies."
United States. White House Office; United States. Office of Management and Budget
2014-09-25
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United States National Action Plan on Women, Peace, and Security [2016]
From the Document: "The United States Government is deeply committed to the participation of women in advancing peace and security around the world. Consistent with this commitment, in December 2011, President Obama released the inaugural United States National Action Plan on Women, Peace, and Security (WPS)--a document that has helped chart a course for the United States Government to accelerate, institutionalize, and better coordinate efforts to advance women's inclusion in peace negotiations, peacebuilding activities, and conflict prevention and response; to protect women and girls from gender-based violence; and to ensure safe, equitable access to relief and recovery assistance in areas of conflict and insecurity. The 2016 updated United States National Action Plan on Women, Peace, and Security will help the United States Government continue building on this strong foundation."
United States. White House Office
2016-06
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Press Conference by the President [February 15, 2011]
In his February 15, 2011 press conference, President Obama takes questions on the unrest in Egypt; growing protests in the Middle East and North Africa; and the U.S. budget.
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
Obama, Barack
2011-02-15
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Underestimated Cost of the Opioid Crisis
From the Document: "The opioid drug problem has reached crisis levels in the United States--in 2015, over 33,000 Americans died of a drug overdose involving opioids. CEA [Council of Economic Advisers] finds that previous estimates of the economic cost of the opioid crisis greatly understate it by undervaluing the most important component of the loss--fatalities resulting from overdoses. This paper estimates the economic cost of these deaths using conventional economic estimates for valuing life routinely used by U.S. Federal agencies. It also adjusts for underreporting of opioids in overdose deaths, includes heroin-related fatalities, and incorporates nonfatal costs of opioid misuse. CEA estimates that in 2015, the economic cost of the opioid crisis was $504.0 billion, or 2.8 percent of GDP [gross domestic product] that year. This is over six times larger than the most recently estimated economic cost of the epidemic."
United States. White House Office
Council of Economic Advisers (U.S.)
2017-11
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Remarks by the President at Staff Inaugural Ball [January 23, 2013]
From President Obama's opening remarks: "But regardless of whether you got involved six years ago or you got involved six months ago, what is true is that all of you have come to represent for me and Michelle our deepest hopes for America. The average age here is probably around 20-something -- (applause) -- and that's only because I'm here, which brings the average age up quite a bit. But when I think about traveling around the country during the course of the campaign and getting to know some of you and meeting some of you and seeing the work you do in the White House or the work that you did during the convention, and I meet young people who are so much smarter and more thoughtful and more caring about the future than I ever was at your age, so much more capable, so much more serious, so much more poised, it makes me know that America's future is in good hands. (Applause.)"
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
Obama, Barack
2013-01-23
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Remarks by the President and the Vice President at the Inaugural Luncheon [January 21, 2013]
This document contains the remarks of President Obama and Vice President Biden during the Inaugural Luncheon of January 2013.
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
Obama, Barack; Biden, Joseph R., Jr.
2013-01-21
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Presidential Proclamation: Patriot Day and National Day of Service and Remembrance, 2016
This document released from the White House, Office of the Press Secretary on September 9, 2016 is a presidential proclamation by Barack Obama titled "Presidential Proclamation: Patriot Day and National Day of Service and Remembrance, 2016". The document pays tribute the men and women who sacrificed their lives in the line of duty on September 11, 2001 by creating the "Patriot and National Day of Service and Remembrance" henceforth on September 11th.
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
2016-09-09
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Remarks by the President on the Situation in Egypt [January 28, 2011]
In his January 28, 2011 remarks, President Barack Obama discusses his administration's monitoring of the situation in Egypt. According to the president, "The United States has a close partnership with Egypt and we've cooperated on many issues, including working together to advance a more peaceful region. But we've also been clear that there must be reform -- political, social, and economic reforms that meet the aspirations of the Egyptian people."
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
Obama, Barack
2011-01-28
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Performance.gov [website]
From the Webpage: "Performance.gov is a window to the Administration's efforts to deliver a more effective, smarter, and leaner government. The site gives the public, government agencies, Members of Congress, the media, and others a view of the progress underway in cutting waste, streamlining government, and improving performance. Specifically, Performance.gov provides information on the following areas of focus: [1] Acquisition [2] Financial Management [3] Human Resources [4] Technology [5] Performance Improvement [6] Open Government [7] Sustainability [8] Customer Service[.] Performance.gov advances the President's commitment to communicate candidly and concisely what the Federal Government is working to accomplish, how it seeks to accomplish its objectives, and why these efforts are important. Performance.gov provides two main approaches to viewing information: by agency or area of focus. […] All cabinet departments and nine other major agencies have agency pages on Performance.gov. Each agency's page describes the agency's mission and lists the agency's strategic goals, objectives, and Priority Goals. Each agency's home page also provides links to the agency's strategic plan, annual performance plan, and annual performance report; reports agency progress on government-wide management initiatives; and shows agency contributions to Cross-Agency Performance (CAP) goals. […] Areas of Focus home pages describe progress underway in the areas of acquisition, financial management, human resources, technology, performance improvement, open government, sustainability, and customer service. Where appropriate, the home page for each area of focus discusses the government's goals in that area and progress toward those goals. In selected areas, as appropriate, links are provided to relevant agency-specific data."
United States. White House Office
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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Sixth Assessment Report [April 29, 2022]
From the Document: "In 2021, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released 'Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis--Contribution of Working Group I', as part of its Sixth Assessment (AR6 WGI). The role of the IPCC as endorsed by the United Nations in plenary session in 1988 is 'to provide internationally coordinated scientific assessments of the magnitude, timing and potential environmental and socio-economic impact of climate change and realistic response strategies.' This CRS report serves as a primer for the AR6 WGI assessment. It is not comprehensive, instead presenting key findings pertinent to congressional consideration of risks related to natural and human-induced climate change and possible legislative responses. The AR6 WGI presents current evidence of changes in the climate, including, but not limited to, the following: Global average surface temperature in 2011-2020 increased by approximately 1.0 [degrees] C [Celsius] above the preindustrial period of 1850-1900; heatwaves have occurred more often and with greater intensity since the 1950s, while cold extremes have occurred less often in the same time period; scientists have high confidence that there has been a global increase in co-occurring droughts and heatwaves since 1950; terrestrial global average precipitation has increased, as has the frequency of heavy precipitation events; Arctic sea ice has decreased, while Antarctic sea ice has remained largely unchanged."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Haskett, Jonathan D.
2022-04-29
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Global Tuberculosis: Background and Issues for Congress [April 19, 2022]
From the Document: "Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most widespread infectious diseases in the world, infecting 10 million people in 2020. Congress has recognized TB as an important global health issue and a potential threat to global health security. Although TB is curable, approximately 1.5 million TB-related deaths occur each year. Globally, new TB infection rates declined between 2015 and 2020. Global health observers anticipate new data to assess the extent to which interruptions in TB services during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic affected TB control; for example between 2019 and 2020, global TB deaths increased by 5.6%. Members may debate appropriate funding levels and optimum strategies for addressing the continued challenge of global TB control during the remainder of the 117th Congress. The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) work closely with a range of multilateral partners to respond to the threat of TB, including the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB, and Malaria (the Global Fund), the largest multilateral actor in the TB space, and the World Health Organization (WHO), among others. National governments also play a key role in controlling TB within their own borders. Domestic government expenditures in middle-income countries with high TB burdens, such as Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRICS), fund 97% of their domestic spending on TB control and account for a large portion of TB spending worldwide."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Tharakan, Sara M.
2022-04-19
