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Chemical Warfare Module for the Airland Advanced Research Model (ALARM)
"This thesis incorporates an explicit depiction of chemical warfare (CW) in the AirLand Advanced Research Mode1 (ALARM), being developed at the Naval Postgraduate School based on the Amy's AirLand Battle doctrine. The CW module centers on a planning algorithm using the generalized value system (GVS) for future state decision making. The planning algorithm comprises the Commander's Estimate of the Situation. The GVS quantifies capabilities and importance of all battlefield entities. The CW module represents key chemical staff functions. The algorithm's decision rule is extended, adding aspects of utility theory. The basic concepts of the module are demonstrated in an application computer program running a combat scenario. The program generalizes previous development work on the GVS and the planning algorithm producing a plan consisting of the courses."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Van Arsdale, Layne A.
1987-12
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Technical Guidance for Hazards Analysis: Emergency Planning for Extremely Hazardous Substances
"The purpose of this guide is to help local emergency planning committees (LEPCs) conduct site-specific hazards analyses for airborne releases of extremely hazardous substances (EHSs) as required by Title Ill of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA), also known as the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) . Although these substances may also threaten property and the environment, this guide is primarily concerned with lethal effects of airborne substances on humans. An expanded version of this document which will also address hazards such as flammability, explosivity, corrosivity, and reactivity, is planned. The hazards analysis guidance in this present document will help to identify potential problems and serve as the foundation for planning and prevention efforts with emphasis on EHSs. […] This document represents a joint effort by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and the Department of Transportation (DOT) to provide coordinated and coherent technical guidance. Although this guide can be useful to all community and industry planners, it is intended especially for LEPCs established under the provisions of SARA. The three steps of hazards analysis-hazards identification, vulnerability analysis, and risk analysis-provide a decision-making process for the LEPCs to follow as they undertake the development of comprehensive emergency plans mandated by SARA Title Ill. This chapter includes a description of: the relationship of this guide to general planning guidance, a general description of hazards analysis, the legislative and programmatic background for this technical guidance, and an overview of the remaining chapters."
United States. Environmental Protection Agency; United States. Department of Transportation; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
1987-12
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DoD Directive 5105.33: Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
"This directive states that the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI) is designated a subordinate command of the Defense Nuclear Agency (DNA) established under the authority vested in the Secretary of Defense and that the AFRRI shall serve as the principal ionizing radiation radiobiology research laboratory for the Department of Defense and shall support defense research requirements identified by the DoD Components. The AFRRI may provide services and perform cooperative research with other Federal and civilian agencies and institutions with the approval of the Director, DNA. The mission of the AFRRI shall be to conduct research in the field of radiobiology and related matters essential to the operational and medical support of the Department of Defense and the Military Services. This directive applies to the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), the Military Departments, the Organization of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (OJCS), and the Defense Agencies (hereafter referred to collectively as 'DoD Components'). The term 'Military Services,' as used herein, refers to the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps."
United States. Department of Defense
1987-11-25
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Memorandum of Understanding Between NORAD and the FAA
The North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) is charged with the responsibility for defending the North American continent against air attack. In accordance with the NORAD Terms of Reference, CINCNORAD is responsible for the development of plans and policies for the identification and security control of air traffic and the control of electromagnetic radiation. In this regard, CINCNORAD is authorized to coordinate directly with appropriate U.S. and Canadian agencies. The authority and responsibilities of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) are stated in the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 (Public Law 85-726) 85th Congress. The FAA is charged with the responsibility for the establishment and operation of a common system of air navigation and air traffic control within the United States. In discharging its responsibilities, NORAD makes extensive use of the airspace for a variety of operations. These operations are conducted within the framework of the FAA regulatory provisions and with the active assistance and participation of the FAA. Close coordination between NORAD, its component forces, and the FAA is imperative to carry out air defense requirements effectively without undue restrictions to civil and non-tactical aviation. It is the purpose of this paper to set forth mutually agreed arrangements regarding responsibilities and working relationships of FAA and NORAD to insure accomplishment of the air defense mission.
North American Aerospace Defense Command
1987-11-23
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Strategic Planning for Counterforce Options
"The first objective of this report is to explore the disparity between United States declaratory policy and actual force capabilities. This report will secondarily pose questions and purpose decision making criteria which are essential to ensure successful future nuclear strategic force employment and planning. This report is primarily concerned with the gap in U.S. declaratory and operational (or action) policy as it applies to current counterforce targeting problems. It is important to distinguish between declaratory policy and actual operational policies to appreciate the complexities of the debate and to resolve questions concerning future force planning."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Palumbo, Nancy R.
1987-11-04
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Modern Terrorism: The Potential for Increased Lethality: CLIC Papers
This paper examines the practice of terrorism from an historical perspective and in particular the changes in revolutionary theory which have in part resulted from the availability of mass media means. The author posits a correlation exists in the media attention garnered through violent terrorist acts and the increasingly lethal and seemingly random incidents of these acts. A deadly spiral of violence has developed in which, to attract media attention, ever higher levels of violence are required. Toxic chemical agents may be used by terrorist to achieve a new and even higher level. Although a firm consensus does not exist on the potential for the employment of chemical weapons by terrorist groups, the easy availability of the technology needed to produce such weapons and the resolve to inflict large numbers of casualties indicates a willingness to explore new avenues of violence. Toxic chemical agents could well be that new avenue.
Army-Air Force Center for Low Intensity Conflict (U.S.)
Thornton, William H.
1987-11
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Effects of Martial Arts Training on Expression and Control of Violence
"This literature review begins by describing sources of aggression as provided by laboratory, psychoanalytic, and sociobiological approaches. These sources include environmental events (laboratory approaches), the death instinct or Thanatos (psychoanalytic approaches), and learning rules that are ecologically evolved (sociobiological approaches). The paper then traces the development of martial arts in Asia and outlines psychological studies of martial arts that suggest that it would tend to increase violent tendencies. The paper concludes by reviewing a number of psychological factors that may serve as mediating mechanisms between the martial arts and the realistic control of violence. By including these factors, it is believed that a pattern of instruction can be embedded in a framework of martial arts training of sufficient intensity to take participants through the basic white belt level. The author concludes that such a program should have the effect of improving self esteem, self control, and general military effectiveness at both the unit level and for the individual soldier."
U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences
Carrera, Richard N.
1987-11
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Immigration and Refugee Policy in Japan
From the Document: "Prior to the end of World War II, Japan adopted a policy of sending a large number of emigrants overseas in an effort to alleviate the problems resulting from the rapid modernization process: overpopulation, poverty, and excess labor force in farm villages. At the same time, Japan severely restricted the entry of foreign immigrants including unskilled workers into Japan for the same reasons. Throughout the prewar period, Japan maintained this restrictive immigration policy."
Law Library of Congress (U.S.)
Cho, Sung Yoon, 1928-
1987-11
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Immigration Reform: Status of Implementing Employer Sanctions After One Year
"This is the first of three annual GAO reports required by section 101(a) of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986. The act prohibits employers from knowingly hiring unauthorized workers. Noncompliance can result in penalties (sanctions). Our report describes the initial efforts to implement and enforce the employer sanctions provisions of the act. The act requires us to review the implementation and enforcement of employer sanctions for the purpose of determining if such provisions have been carried out satisfactorily, have caused a pattern of discrimination against U.S. citizens or other eligible workers, and have caused an unnecessary regulatory burden on employers. Since the act has not yet been fully implemented, this report presents information on actions to date and describes our plans to address these questions in our future work. In addition, we discuss several methodological problems that may preclude us from making conclusive determinations on these matters in our two subsequent reports. In GAO's opinion, the general approach followed during the first year to implement the law has been satisfactory. So far, the data on discrimination related to the law has not shown a pattern of discrimination or unreasonable burden on employers. However, because of the many factors involved, GAO may not be able to isolate and measure the effects of employer sanctions on any identified discrimination. Insufficient data exist for GAO to determine if the act's regulatory burden on employers is unnecessary and it is unlikely such data will be available."
United States. General Accounting Office
1987-11
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Jonathan Jay Pollard Espionage Case: A Damage Assessment
"This study, undertaken by the Foreign Denial and Deception Analysis Committee (DDAC) at the direction of the Director of Central Intelligence, is one of two assessments of damage undertaken as a result of Jonathan Pollard's espionage on behalf of Israel during 1984-85, which are being issued almost simultaneously. The other is an assessment prepared for the Department of Defense by the Office of Naval Intelligence and the Naval Investigative Service, Naval Security and Investigative Command, where Pollard was employed during his espionage career. The principal drafters consulted closely during preparation of the two studies. Although they differ somewhat in detail and emphasis, there is mutual agreement concerning their findings."
United States. Central Intelligence Agency
1987-10-30
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Executive Order 12613: Prohibiting Imports from Iran
"By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America, including section 505 of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 (22 U.S.C. 2349aa-9), and section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, find that the Government of Iran is actively supporting terrorism as an instrument of state policy. In addition, Iran has conducted aggressive and unlawful military action against U.S.-flag vessels and merchant vessels of other non-belligerent nations engaged in lawful and peaceful commerce in international waters of the Persian Gulf and territorial waters of non-belligerent nations of that region. To ensure that United States imports of Iranian goods and services will not contribute financial support to terrorism or to further aggressive actions against non-belligerent shipping, I hereby order that: Section 1. Except as otherwise provided in regulations issued pursuant to this Order, no goods or services of Iranian origin may be imported into the United States, including its territories and possessions, after the effective date of this Order."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Reagan, Ronald
1987-10-29
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Executive Order 12612: Federalism
The purpose of this executive order is to "restore the division of governmental responsibilities between the national government and the States that was intended by the Framers of the Constitution and to ensure that the principles of federalism established by the Framers guide the Executive departments and agencies in the formulation and implementation of policies."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Reagan, Ronald
1987-10-26
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FAA's Implementation of a Performance Standard for Passenger Screening Process, Statement of Kenneth M. Mead, Associate Director, Resources, Community, and Economic Development Division, Testimony before the Subcommittee on Government Activities and Transportation, House of Representatives
GAO discussed the preboarding passenger screening process the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) established under its Civil Aviation Security Program to prevent passengers from carrying firearms, explosives, and other dangerous weapons on board airplanes. GAO noted that: (1) FAA developed an enforcement policy which allows it to assess civil penalties when air carrier screening systems fail to detect its test weapons; (2) a 10-month nationwide test of airport screening systems yielded an 80-percent detection rate; and (3) FAA needs to further evaluate the effectiveness of its enforcement policy, focusing on cumulative detection rates, the adequacy of its civil penalties, and its progress in implementing Department of Transportation recommendations for passenger screening.
United States. General Accounting Office
1987-10-22
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National Security Decision Directive 283: The FY 1988 TOUCHSTONE Nuclear Test Program
National Security Decision Directive (NSDD) 283 grants programmatic approval of the FY 1988 TOUCHSTON Nuclear Test Program proposed by the Department of Energy and provides guidance for the implementation of the program within limits of the Limited Test Ban Treaty, the National Environmental Policy Act, NSDD 51 and the Threshold Test Ban Limit.
United States. White House Office
1987-10-07
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U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases: Annual Progress Report, Fiscal Year 1987
This is a report of progress on the research program of the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious diseases on Medical Defense against Biological Agents for the Fiscal Year 1987.
U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
1987-10-01
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Three Firefighter Fatalities in Training Exercise
"This is Report 015 of the Major Fires Investigation Project conducted by TriData Corporation under contract EMW-86-C-2277 to the United States Fire Administration, Federal Emergency Management Agency. [...] An unusual training exercise involving simulated arson sets and live firefighting evolutions in an abandoned farmhouse resulted in the deaths of three volunteer firefighters and injuries to three others. The incident occurred in Milford Township, Michigan, a rural area approximately 30 miles from Detroit, on October 25, 1987. Four area volunteer departments participated in the exercise and the fatalities included members of three of the departments."
United States. Office of Homeland Security; United States Fire Administration
1987-10
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Ramada Inn Air Crash and Fire
"On October 20, 1987, at 0911, the control tower at the Indianapolis Airport was advised by the pilot of an A-7D Corsair single-engine military aircraft of an intended emergency landing due to engine failure. The Airport Fire Department began its normal response to set up on the intended runway. Due to low weather ceiling and poor visibility the plan overshot the intended runway, circled the airport and attempted to fly to an alternate runway. The fire department, having seen this, attempted to follow the aircraft."
United States. Office of Homeland Security; United States Fire Administration
1987-10
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U.S. Navy - U.S. Coast Guard Communications Policy
The purpose of this document is to issue the Navy and Coast Guard policies for mutual support and interoperability of communications Systems. This document provides the U.S. Navy's policy on support of the U.S. Coast Guard and assigns responsibility for carrying out this policy. Additionally, it covers the current policy for the interchange of property and services.
United States. Office of the Chief of Naval Operations
1987-09-30
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Military Police Law and Order Operations
"One of the most important missions the Army has is to maintain its
readiness. Unit readiness rests on the morale, discipline, and training of its
soldiers. It rests equally on having quality soldiers and their families feel
good about life in the Army community. Our soldiers and their families must
have a safe and secure environment in which to live, work, and train. The
military police (MP) accept that challenge daily. MP protect the Army's assets through active physical security measures. And MP undertake a vigorous economic crime program. They guard the Army's people and installations against terrorist threats. Their initiatives in crime prevention and family advocacy and their 'work friendly' attitude show they care about soldiers and their families. MP unstintingly fulfill their law and order mission, knowing it to be vital to the Army's success in combat. This field manual (FM) discusses each element of the MP law and order mission. It addresses law enforcement operations, investigations, confinement of US military prisoners, and terrorism counteraction. This FM will assist MP in understanding how each of these elements is an essential part of their law and order mission. Commanders will find it useful in understanding how MP help support the fulfillment of command
responsibilities."
United States. Department of the Army
1987-09-30
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Department of Defense Instruction 4165.65: Shelter for the Homeless Program
This document implements DoD policy, assigns responsibilities, and provides procedures for the DoD Shelter for the Homeless Program.
United States. Department of Defense
1987-09-30?
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Guide to Understanding Discretionary Access Control in Trusted Systems
One of the features of the Criteria that is required of a secure system is the enforcement of discretionary access control (DAC). DAC is a means of restricting access to objects based on the identity of subjects and/or groups to which they belong. The controls are discretionary in the sense that a user or process given discretionary access to information is capable of passing that information along to another subject. This guide discusses issues in designing, implementing and evaluating DAC mechanisms. Its primary purpose is to provide guidance to manufacturers on how to select and build effective DAC mechanisms. Any examples of DAC mechanisms in this document are not to be construed as the only implementations that will satisfy the Criteria requirement. The examples are merely suggestions of appropriate implementations. The Criteria is the only metric against which systems are to be evaluated. In addition to showing examples of DAC mechanisms, this guide will restate and elaborate on the Criteria requirements for DAC. This guide is part of an on-going program to augment the Criteria on the issues and features it addresses.
United States. Department of Defense
1987-09-30
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Supplement to the Post Exercise Assessment, Version 2: Indian Point Nuclear Power Station [November 10 to December 3, 1986 and February 18, 1987]
From the Introduction: "There have been four full-scale exercises for the Indian Point Nuclear Power Station (IPNS): March 3, 1982, March 9, 1983, November 28, 1984, and June 4, 1986. There also was an exercise of the State Interim Plan for compensating measures for Rockland County on August 24-25, 1983 and remedial exercises on April 10, 1984. A series of remedial exercises were conducted to determine if deficiencies found during the June 4, 1986 exercise had been corrected. A Post Exercise Assessment, dated June 23, 1987, was written discussing the results of the remedial exercises. This document is a supplement to the June, 1987 report."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
1987-09-16
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Survey of the Fifty States and the District of Columbia Statutes Generally Concerning the Quarantine and Isolation of Persons Having a Contagious or Infectious Disease [September 8, 1987]
"This report is a survey of the statutes of the fifty states and the District of Columbia which generally concern the quarantine and isolation of persons having a contagious or infectious disease. In this survey only those statutes were included which concern the quarantine and isolation of persons with contagious or infectious diseases generally. Except for those statutes which concern the quarantine and isolation of persons with venereal disease or specifically AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome), as is the case with the newly enacted statute in Colorado, statutes which discuss the quarantine and isolation for tuberculosis or any other specific disease were not included. It should be noted that statutes which are being enacted in the 1987 legislative year have not been thoroughly searched for this report since not all states have completed their 1987 sessions."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Wolfe, M. Ann
1987-09-08
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NATO's Theater Nuclear Weapons and the Defense of Europe: Past Patterns and Future Prospects
From the thesis abstract: "The goal of this research was to analyze and order the controversy and ambiguity surrounding the TNW [Theater Nuclear Weapons] modernization started by NATO [North Atlantic Treaty Organization] in 1979. To place the GLCM [Ground Launched Cruise Missile]/Pershing II deployment within its historical context, this thesis reviews significant events pertaining to NATO since its inception. Three basic questions guided this study: Why did the NATO allies agree in 1979 to modernize their theater nuclear force? Why did the United States actually begin this TNW deployment in 1983? Is the TNW program accomplishing its goals? The first period reviewed (1948-59) is considered in terms of the United States' initial deployment of TNWs into Europe, the Soviet force buildup following World War II, and the creation of NATO in 1949. Section two traces NATO's changing attitudes towards TNWs from 1960-1974. The third section (1975-present) discusses the conventional and nuclear force balance, NATO's growing divisions during this period, and the role of the GLCM/Pershing II deployment within this environment of change for NATO. An examination of NATO's patterns of response over the last 38 years reveals that NATO has failed to develop formal organizational goals, choosing instead to react to each Soviet provocation on a case-by-case basis."
Air Force Institute of Technology (U.S.)
Stephenson, Gregory L.
1987-09
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Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1986
The 1986 hurricane season for the Atlantic basin is summarized. Six named tropical cyclones were tracked; two hurricanes, Bonnie and Charley, crossed the U.S. coastline.
National Hurricane Center (2012- )
Lawrence, Miles B.
1987-09
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Passports: Implications of Deleting the Birthplace in U.S. Passports, Report to the Congress
Pursuant to a legislative requirement, GAO reported on the implications of deleting the birthplace as a required item on U.S. passports in order to avoid possible harassment or violence from terrorists toward U.S. citizens. GAO found that: (1) deletion of the birthplace from passports could cause some inconvenience for U.S. travelers, since several countries indicated that they would not accept passports without birthplace information or would require birth certificates; (2) several law enforcement agencies oppose the deletion; (3) those agencies with border control responsibilities believe that their jobs would become more difficult if other countries also eliminated birthplace information from their passports; and (4) the Department of State could not identify any instance of terrorists singling out an American because of birthplace information on a passport.
United States. General Accounting Office
1987-08-27
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National Security Decision Directive 281: United States Nuclear Weapons Command and Control
National Security Decision Directive 281 provides "the basis for the attainment and maintenance of an assured, fully integrated, flexible, secure, responsive, and enduring nuclear command and control system (NCCS) that will provide [the President] in [his] role as Commander in Chief, with all capabilities required to exercise [his] authority and direction over nuclear weapon operations of military forces and all government activities and multinational activities that support those operations."
United States. White House Office
1987-08-21
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Radiological Nomograms and Charts
From the manual's purpose statement: "This is a one-stop reference for students and instructors. It is not intended to be an instrumental guide, but a compilation of data from appropriate field manuals." This resource includes multiple tables and charts to calculate the effects of nuclear bursts, including radioactive cloud parameters, downwind distance zones, fission yield/total yield adjustment factors, and fallout decay.
US Army Chemical School
1987-08
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Army Medical Department Roles and Functions in Low Intensity Conflict. CLIC PAPERS
Low intensity conflict (LIC) has increasingly played a conspicuous role in the strategic planning programs of the Armed Forces and the Army in particular. This paper looks at LIC from the standpoint of its functional areas and the roles which the Army Medical Department (AMEDD) is expected to fulfill in each. Emphasis is placed on the AMEDD's expanding role in the insurgency/counterinsurgency arena. The author concludes that the AMEDD must be ready to support US strategic policy in two ways: the traditional health service support role to deployed American forces, and the new LIC operational mode addressing the root causes of instability. In this new model, the AMEDD may act to prevent war, not just to treat the casualties of conflict.
Army-Air Force Center for Low Intensity Conflict (U.S.)
Thornton, William H.
1987-08
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Trusted Network Interpretation of the TCSEC (TNI)
Part I of this document provides interpretations of the Department of Defense Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (TCSEC) (DOD-5200.28-STD), for trusted computer/communications network systems. The specific security feature, the assurance requirements, and the rating structure of the TCSEC are extended to networks of computers ranging from isolated local area networks to wide-area internetwork systems. Part II of this document describes a number of additional security services (e.g., communications integrity, denial of service, transmission security) that arise in conjunction with networks. Those services available in specific network offerings, while inappropriate for the rigorous evaluation applied to TCSEC related feature and assurance requirements, may receive qualitative ratings.
United States. Department of Defense
1987-07-31
