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Bill to Relocate United States Embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem: Memorandum Opinion for the Counsel to the President [May 16, 1995]
"In general, because the venue at which diplomatic relations occur is itself often diplomatically significant, Congress may not impose on the President its own foreign policy judgments as to the particular sites at which the United States' diplomatic relations are to take place. More specifically, Congress cannot trammel the President's constitutional authority to conduct the Nation's foreign affairs and to recognize foreign governments by directing the relocation of an embassy. This is particularly true where, as here, the location of the embassy is not only of great significance in establishing the United States' relationship with a single country, but may well also determine our relations with an entire region of the world. Finally, to the extent that S. 770 is intended to affect recognition policy with respect to Jerusalem, it is inconsistent with the exclusivity of the President's recognition power."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel
1995-05-16
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Terrorism: National Security Policy and the Home Front
The 1995 bombing of the Federal Building in Oklahoma has highlighted the complexity of the phenomenon of political extremism. Until this occurred, The United States was focused on foreign terrorists, particularly the so-called Islamic fundamentalists. The Strategic Studies Institute, as part of their continuing investigation of the terrorist problem, held a conference in November 1994 at Georgia Tech, at which a number of terrorist-related issues were considered. The emphasis was on international terror, but the threat of domestic extremism also was examined. Included in this volume are three papers presented at the conference two are related to international terror, while one is concerned with the domestic variety and a concluding chapter. The Oklahoma City bombing suggests that most of the terrorism faced by the United States in the near future will be home-grown. There is the potential, though, that U.S. foreign policy will provoke terrorist attacks from foreign-backed groups. If this happens, the United States is not ready. Americans have grown accustomed to some of the costs of global engagement. Money and military casualties have been deemed acceptable burdens of world leadership, but Americans are not yet used to the idea that terrorism at home may be an additional cost of global engagement. Unfortunately, terrorists understand this. In the near future, they are likely to use this vulnerability and the growing multiculturalism of the United States in attempts to either deter U.S. activity or provoke it. Only wise and persistent leadership, exercised before terrorism at home reaches crisis proportions, can prevent it from paralyzing American involvement in world affairs.
Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute
Pelletiere, Stephen C.
1995-05-15
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Physical Security Plan
"The purpose of this document is to provide guidelines and procedures for implementing physical security measures at Headquarters, Military Sealift Command (MSC) and to define specific actions required to safeguard personnel, equipment (including Automated Information Systems (AIS) assets), facilities, material and documents from unauthorized access such as espionage, sabotage, theft or other unlawful acts. The mission of the Military Sealift Command (MSC) is to meet Department of Defense requirements by providing efficient sea transportation, combat-ready logistics forces and reliable special mission ships in peace and war. The document details the Security Office Staffing and Functions; Security Measures; Control Measures; Material Control; Physical Security Aids; Security Force; Terrorist Threat Conditions."
United States. Department of the Navy
1995-05-15
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RMA and the Post Goldwater-Nichols World: More Tinkering Ahead for the JCS?
From the thesis abstract: "Defense organization reform is a recurrent issue linked to tradeoffs between civilian control and military efficiency. The 'myth of reorganization' complicates efforts at defense reform. This myth springs from a belief in the applicability of quantification to all defense issues, leading to the idea that reorganization is the solution to all of our military problems. An opposing belief holds that inadequacies in our defense system are due to the personalities of the stake holders, and that we should concentrate our efforts on identifying the ablest leaders, rather than tinkering with organizational structures. The 'Revolution in Military Affairs' [RMA] and the end of the Cold War have changed the nature of our national interests, calling our bipolar defense orientation into question. The evolution of the Joint Chiefs of Staff [JCS] System responded to our assumption of international responsibilities and eventually superpower status in a bipolar world. The Goldwater-Nichols Act culminated the cycle of Cold War changes to our defense establishment by addressing the issues of Service Parochialism, Jointness, and the Quality of Military Advice. Our national interests in the post-Cold War would involve new challenges that will inevitably call for adjustments in our National Defense System. More flexibility and adaptation of our planning and analysis organizations to joint and combined operations will be the prime factors in continuing efforts at defense reform."
Naval War College (U.S.)
Jenks, Darrell
1995-05-15
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Second Annual Conference on Law Enforcement Technology for the 21st Century: Conference Report
"Technologies can provide new options for law enforcement agencies seeking ways to reduce the use of violent or lethal force in confronting uncooperative suspects. Furthermore, new technologies are essential to assist law enforcement in maintaining at least some parity with the methods criminals employ in trying to escape detection and avoid apprehension. This second Law Enforcement Technology Conference was designed to generate and illuminate discussion on core issues; to continue a strong dialog and partnership among law enforcement, industry, and government; and to facilitate the goal of bringing the criminal justice community into the 21st century. The conference considered a host of law enforcement issues-liability, public safety, business opportunities, technology needs, technology as a force multiplier, technology affordability, government responsibility, and opportunities to leverage research and development. In addition, the program highlighted technology achievements since the first conference and examined the movement of technology to the marketplace, including production and marketing, creative financing, and the role of government agencies."
National Institute of Justice (U.S.). Office of Science and Technology
Gorelick, Jamie S.; Travis, Jeremy; Boyd, David G.
1995-05-15
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Authority of the Secretary of the Treasury to Order the Closing of Certain Streets Located Along the Perimeter of the White House: Memorandum for Edward S. Knight, General Counsel, Department of the Navy [May 12, 1995]
"This is in response to your request for a legal opinion from the Office of Legal Counsel ('OLC') on whether the Secretary of the Treasury ('Secretary') has the authority to order the closing to vehicular traffic of (1) Pennsylvania Avenue between 17th Street and Madison Avenue, (2) State Place, (3) and the segment of South Executive Avenue that connects into State Place in furtherance of his responsibility to protect the President under 18 U.S.C. § 3056. Based on a review of § 3056 and related statutes, their legislative histories, and relevant court and OLC opinions, we conclude that § 3056 grants the Secretary broad authority to take actions that are necessary and proper to protect the President. In light of the recommendations of the White House Security Review and the United States Secret Service's unique expertise and special responsibility in this matter, we agree with your conclusion that § 3056 authorizes the actions contemplated by the Secretary."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel
1995-05-12
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Whether 18 U.S.C. § 603 Bars Civilian Executive Branch Employees and Officers from Making Contributions to a President's Authorized Re-Election Campaign Committee: Memorandum Opinion for the Counsel to the President [May 5, 1995]
"You have asked for our opinion with respect to whether 18 U.S.C. § 603 would bar civilian executive branch employees and officers from making contributions to a President's authorized re-election campaign committee. For the reasons expressed below, we conclude that such employees and officers would not violate § 603 by making such contributions, without more."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel
1995-05-05
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Exec. Rept. 104-3: Treaty with Panama on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters, Report to Accompany Treaty Doc. 102-15, May 5 (Legislative Day, May 1), 1995
From the Purpose: "The Treaty Between the United States of America and the Republic of Panama on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters, With Annexes and Appendices, hereinafter 'The Treaty,' provides for the sharing of information and evidence related to criminal investigations and prosecutions, including drug trafficking and narcotics-related money laundering. Both parties are obligated to assist in the investigation, prosecution and suppression of offenses in all forms of proceedings (criminal, civil or administrative)."
United States. Government Publishing Office
1995-05-05
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Chemical Agent Attacks in Japan [May 4, 1995]
"The release of the nerve agent Sarin in Tokyo's subway system on March 20, marks the first clearly non-state terrorist use of chemical weapons. The agent was highly diluted and fatalities were relatively few (10), though the number of injured was substantial (5,000+, with 600 hospitalized). This incident clearly indicates the potential political effectiveness of chemical weapons against an unprotected civilian population. Once a population has been sensitized by an incident like this, even the threat of CW can become significantly disruptive. Some have credited fear of another attack with contributing to the cautiousness of the Japanese police investigation."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bowman, Steve
1995-05-04
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Exec. Rept. 104-2: Extradition Treaty with Jordan, Report to Accompany Treaty Doc. 104-3, May 2 (Legislative Day, May 1), 1995
From the Purpose: "The Extradition Treaty Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, hereinafter 'The Treaty,' identifies the offenses for which extradition will be granted, establishes procedures to be followed in presenting extradition requests, enumerates exceptions to the duty to extradite, specifies the evidence required to support a finding of a duty to extradite, and sets forth administrative provisions for bearing costs and legal representation."
United States. Government Publishing Office
1995-05-02
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Development of a Strategy for Conflict Management During Fire/EMS Department Amalgamation
"The purpose of this research was to develop a strategy for the management of conflict between Fire and EMS personnel in the Edmonton Emergency Response Department. The research was undertaken employing both an historical research methodology and an action research methodology. Document analysis and interviews were used to gain an understanding of the premerger motives. Management literature on amalgamation (mergers and acquisitions) and on theories of conflict management was examined in order to develop an organizational strategy to provide direction in the development of a specific set of guidelines or tools that may be used by managers to resolve or diffuse situations where conflict negatively affected organizational performance."
National Fire Academy
Williams, Bernard E.
1995-05
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H. Rept. 104-110, Part 2: Pipeline Safety Act of 1995, Report Together with Dissenting and Additional Dissenting Views to Accompany H.R. 1323, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, May 1, 1995
From the Purpose and Summary: "H.R. 1323 reauthorizes the Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act of 1968 and the Hazardous Liquid Pipeline Safety Act of 1979. These two Acts were combined into Chapter 601 of Title 49 of the United States Code during recodification of laws in 1994."
United States. Government Printing Office
1995-05-01
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Weapons Proliferation Threat
Few international dangers confronting the United States have more serious and far-reaching implications for national security and worldwide stability than the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD). The legendary Chinese master of military strategy, Sun Tzu, is reported to have said that the best method of preserving security is to avoid direct battle and instead attack the enemy's plans and strategies. That, in essence, is a fundamental principle of the nonproliferation policy of the United States. If we can determine and understand the plans and intentions of would-be proliferators of weapons of mass destruction, and then frustrate those plans before they reach fruition, we will have preserved the security of our nation without having to confront the devastating power of the weapons themselves. The proliferation of WMD is a global problem that cuts across geographic, political, and technological lines. It involves some of the largest and smallest, richest and poorest countries led by some of the most reactionary and unstable regimes Many potential proliferators are convinced that they need to develop WMD and associated delivery systems to protect their national security.
United States. Central Intelligence Agency
1995-05-01
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H. Rept. 104-110, Part 1: Pipeline Safety Act of 1995, Report Together with Additional Views to Accompany H.R. 1323, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, May 1, 1995
From the Purpose: "The purpose of this legislation is to reauthorize the Natural Gas and Hazardous Liquid Pipeline Safety programs and to reduce risk to public safety and the environment associated with pipeline transportation of natural gas and hazardous liquids."
United States. Government Printing Office
1995-05-01
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Reengineering Defense Acquisition: A Concept of Operations for Waging the Acquisition Campaigns of the 21st Century
The defense acquisition system has earned a reputation of being unable to provide the weapons the warfighters need at a value the Congress and American taxpayers deserve. At the macro level, acquisition is the convergence of five processes--requirements, technology, budgeting, management and operations and support. Micro-management of acquisition execution, when coupled with unstable requirements, technology and budgeting processes, results in a system that is not responsive to the customers' needs. It is time to implement dramatic changes based on a process-oriented reengineering of the entire system and radically improve its performance. To generate recommendations for system improvement, we assessed and restructured the top-level, macro processes associated with defense acquisition--relying on the time-proven tenet of centralized control with decentralized execution. To address current system shortfalls, we propose greatly expanding the role of the joint staff in preparing, planning and executing joint acquisition campaigns. The authors suggest the Department of Defense (DoD) execute acquisition campaigns by mirroring the way military forces plan and execute joint battle campaigns. They suggest process improvements which will strengthen the link between requirements definition and technology insertion. They also suggest altering the budgeting process to enable the DoD to submit a more unified budget position each fiscal year. They then developed a phased, methodical approach for implementing the proposed changes. The recommendations are controversial. The authors are challenging dogmatically accepted paradigms regarding the way the DoD bureaucracy functions and the roles of the joint staff. Before any of the proposed changes can be implemented, dramatic changes in current laws will have to occur. The recommendations are not consistent with either the current interpretations of Title 10 or the law governing the size of the Joint Staff. However, only by changing the current bureaucratic organizations and culture will the acquisition community have a chance at providing the capabilities US warfighters need in the resource constrained environment in which the DoD will continue to find itself.
Air University (U.S.). Air Command and Staff College
Martin, Laura; Starkey, Loretta; Wandrey, Jeffrey
1995-05
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Rhode Island Hurricane Evacuation Study Technical Data Report
"The purpose of this study is to provide the Rhode Island Emergency Management Agency and Rhode Island coastal communities with data quantifying the major factors involved in hurricane evacuation decision-making. [...] the Study provides information on the extent and severity of potential flooding from hurricanes, the associated vulnerable populations, capacities of existing public shelters and estimated sheltering requirements, and evacuation roadway clearance times."
United States. Army. Corps of Engineers; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
1995-05
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Old Buckingham Station - Chesterfield, Virginia
Fire protection issues, particularly unsprinklered combustible spaces, associated with a 4-story apartment complex fire are examined.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
Miller, Thomas H. (Professional safety engineer)
1995-05?
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Selected Annotated Bibliography on Youth and Gang Violence Prevention, Community Team Organizing and Training, and Cultural Awareness Curricula
"This document has been prepared as a resource for youth-serving organizations and individuals, researchers, and policymakers concerned with youth issues. In their efforts to deal proactively with youth violence, gangs, and drug involvement-and to address the opportunities and challenges of collaborating with diverse communities to enhance youth development-many hard-working groups and individuals find that they lack the time to stay current on important literature in their fields. This annotated bibliography deals with this dilemma by providing brief summaries of materials ranging from reports and monographs to curricula, training manuals, articles, and other literature and products. The topics covered in this bibliography reflect the wide array of issues facing youthserving groups and professionals. The original impetus for the creation of this document was a set of expert meetings held in the spring and summer of 1993 to develop a guide to building and training community-based violence prevention teams. Participants in those meetings suggested that a multi-topic, annotated bibliography would meet the diverse informational needs of a broad spectrum of concerned parties."
United States. Family and Youth Services Bureau
Development Services Group, Inc.
1995-05
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Human Radiation Studies: Remembering the Early Years, Oral History of Merril Eisenbud
"In December 1993, U.S. Secretary of Energy Hazel R. O'Leary announced her Openness Initiative. As part of this initiative, the Department of Energy undertook an effort to identify and catalog historical documents on radiation experiments that had used human subjects. The Office of Human Radiation Experiments coordinated the Department's search for records about these experiments. […] In September 1994, the Office of Human Radiation Experiments, in collaboration with Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, began an oral history project to fulfill this goal. The project involved interviewing researchers and others with firsthand knowledge of either the human radiation experimentation that occurred during the Cold War or the institutional context in which such experimentation took place. The purpose of this project was to enrich the documentary record, provide missing information, and allow the researchers an opportunity to provide their perspective. […] Merril Eisenbud was selected for the oral history project because of his former positions as Director of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission's (ABC's) Health & Safety Laboratory (HASL) and Manager of the New York Operations Office, and because of his research into the effects of environmental radioactivity. The oral history covers Mr. Eisenbud's long career, focusing on the years spent founding and managing the Health & Safety Laboratory, his research on radioactive fallout in the United States and abroad, and his experiences with early occupational exposure, especially in uranium processing."
United States. Department of Energy. Office of Human Radiation Experiments
1995-05
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Parameter Estimation in Chaotic Systems
"This report examines how to estimate the parameters of a chaotic system given noisy observations of the state behavior of the system. Investigating parameter estimation for chaotic systems is interesting because of possible applications for high precision measurement and tor use in other signal processing, communication, and control applications involving chaotic systems. In this report, we examine theoretical issues regarding parameter estimation in chaotic systems and develop an efficient algorithm to perform parameter estimation. We discover two properties that are helpful for performing parameter estimation on non-structurally stable systems. First, it turns out that most data in a time series of state observations contribute very little information about the underlying parameters of a system, while a few sections of data may be extraordinarily sensitive to parameter changes. Second, for one-parameter families of systems, we demonstrate that there is often a preferred direction in parameter space governing how easily trajectories of one system can 'shadow' trajectories of nearby systems. This asymmetry of shadowing behavior in parameter space is proved for certain families of maps of the interval. Numerical evidence indicates that similar results may be true for a wide variety of other systems. Using the two properties cited above, we devise an algorithm for performing parameter estimation Standard parameter estimation techniques such as the extended Kaiman filter perform poorly on chaotic systems because of divergence problems. The proposed algorithm achieves accuracies several orders of magnitude better than the Kaiman filter and has good convergence properties for large data sets. In some systems the algorithm converges at a rate proportional to $\frac{l}{nA{2}}$ where $n$ is the number of state samples processed. This is significantly better than the $\frac{l}{\sqrt{n}}$ convergence one would expect from nonchaotic oscillators based on purely stochastic considerations."
United States. Office of Naval Research
Hung, Elmer S.
1995-05
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Intelligence Implications of the Military Technical Revolution [May 1, 1995]
"The availability of precision guided munitions (PGMs) and precise intelligence transmitted in 'real time' lies at the center of a military technical revolution that is changing the ways in which future military operations are likely to be planned and conducted. This revolution requires changes in the functions and organization of the U.S. Intelligence Community. During the decades of the Cold War, intelligence agencies were organized around collection disciplines, e.g., signals intelligence, photographic intelligence, and human intelligence. Collection efforts were managed by Washington-based agencies, principally, the National Security Agency, the National Reconnaissance Office, the Defense Intelligence Agency, and the Central Intelligence Agency. Their efforts were largely (but by not means exclusively) directed towards supporting senior policymakers in dealing with the threat from the Soviet Union. Support to military operations was provided by service intelligence organizations using information that became available from national-level agencies. [...] The Intelligence Community, with congressional support and encouragement, is being restructured to ensure that support to military commanders assigned regional and peacekeeping missions has a high priority. Relationships between national and tactical systems are being rationalized. New surveillance equipment and communications links are being procured. Personnel are being trained to draw upon all the resources of the Intelligence Community to provide real-time support to military operations. There are major challenges remaining, however, to ensure that this process of intelligence 'tacticalization' goes smoothly, that interoperability among equipment used by different services and intelligence agencies is achieved, and that a reasonable relationship between force structure, intelligence and communications 'architectures,' and likely operational missions in the uncertain post-Cold War world is maintained.Some observers have also expressed concern that national intelligence not be neglected as necessary adaptations to the military technical revolution are implemented."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Best, Richard A.
1995-05-01
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United States Code: Title 47, Chapter 5, Subchapter III, Part I, Sec. 308. - Requirements for License
Title 47 describes the U.S. Code regarding Telecommunications. Section 308 details the requirements for licensing a station or modifications thereof, relating to wire or radio communications.
United States. Government Printing Office
1995-05-01
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Guide for Implementing the Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders
"This Guide is a resource to help States, cities, and communities implement OJJDP's [Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention]Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders (Wilson and Howell, 1993). The Guide is presented in four parts. The first provides a detailed blueprint for use by communities and organizations that plan to implement all or part of the Comprehensive Strategy. The remaining three parts provide detailed, research-focused program information on key topics covered in Part I, including prevention, graduated sanctions, and risk assessment."
United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
Krisberg, Barry; Hawkins, J. David; Catalano, Richard F.
1995-05
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Operations Other Than War: A Selected Bibliography
Military operations other than war encompass the use of military capabilities for any purpose other than war. These operations range from peacetime operations such as providing assistance to civil authorities, to combat operations associated with short-duration interventions, to post-combat restoration operations. This bibliography covers materials that address the subject in a general manner, as well as readings that focus specifically on recent operations like RESTORE HOPE, PROVIDE COMFORT, and the Hurricane Andrew restoration. CONTENTS: General Information; Support to Counterdrug Operations; Support for Insurgencies and Counterinsurgencies; Domestic Disaster Response; International Humanitarian Assistance; Combatting Terrorism; Support to Domestic Civil Authorities; Noncombatant Evacuation; Nation Assistance; Peace Operations; and Related Bibliographies. (KAR) P. 2-3
Army War College (U.S.)
Shope, Virginia C.
1995-05
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Impact of the NBC Clothing Ensemble on Respiratory Function and Capacities During Rest and Exercise
This study examined the effects of wearing a modified MOPP (mMOPP) over garment (Protective Clothing, PC), configured with body armor (BA), Load Bearing Equipment (LBE), and M40 CB mask on the pattern and mechanics of breathing and cognitive functioning in 15 male soldiers at rest and during sustained sub-maximal exercise (approx. 600 W). The M40 CB mask reduced breathing capacity 20%, and the PC+BA+LBE components of the mMOPP reduced it 5%. Total respiratory system compliance decreased by 16% in the mMOPP. Thus, wearing the PC+BA+LBE increased the "stiffness" of the soldier's respiratory system. During exercise, the mMOPP decreased tidal volume and increased respiratory rate, a compensation for the decreased respiratory system compliance. Although the M40 CB mask imposes a significant impairment to breathing, the PC with BA and LBE presents a unique external constraint on breathing, which may be more aversive than that imposed by the CB mask. These impairments may be reduced by wearing BA and LBE that are properly fitted over the PC and incorporating, in future designs, enhancements that allow for outward expansion of the PC, BA or LBE with inhalation.
U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine
Muza, Stephen R.; Banderet, Lou; Forte, Vincent A.
1995-05
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Command Arrangements for Peace Operations
"With the end of the Cold War and the emergence of the United States as the only remaining superpower in a world increasingly characterized by disorder, the U.S. has found itself involved in a number of 'peace operations'. These are complex, untraditional missions that are as much political as they are military. Moreover, their successful conduct requires the U.S. military to work with a wide variety of institutions and organizations including foreign governments, non-national political actors, international organizations, and private voluntary organizations (PVOs), as well as the variety of U.S. Government agencies and foreign military forces that are typically part of a peace operation coalition."
Command and Control Research Program (U.S.)
Alberts, David S. (David Stephen), 1942-; Hayes, Richard E.
1995-05
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Radioactive Waste: Status of Commercial Low-Level Waste Facilities, Report to Congressional Requesters
"Through its Environmental Management program, DOE is responsible for environmental restoration, waste management, and facility transition and management at 15 major contaminated facilities and more than 100 smaller facilities in 34 states and territories. These facilities encompass a wide range of environmental problems, including more than 7,000 locations where radioactive or hazardous materials were released into the environment, almost 200 tanks containing high-level radioactive waste from nuclear weapons production, some of which have leaked or could explode, and 7,000 production facilities that are now idled and in need of deactivation, decontamination, and decommissioning."
United States. Government Accountability Office
1995-05
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Profile Series China: Family Planning Policy and Practice in the People's Republic of China
"China's family planning program represents one of the world's most comprehensive and controversial efforts to achieve rapid population stabilization. China experts differ in their assessment of the extent of coercion in the family planning program. There is general agreement, however, on the use of coercion in parts of China, including Fujian province. A recent informal review of asylum applications by the U.S. Department of State's Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor reported that approximately 75 per cent of Chinese asylum seekers come from Fujian Province. In view of this, available information pertaining specifically to the family planning program in Fujian Province has been included in this report."
United States. Immigration and Naturalization Service; INS Resource Information Center
1995-05
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Toxicology Terrorism: Nerve Gas Technology Use
"Recently, a new chapter was started in the handbook of terror involving the application of nerve gas technology to the killing of civilians. On March 19, a terrorist attack in a Tokyo subway resulted in the loss of 10 lives and injury to over 5,000 others. In view of the lethality of the suspected agent, sarin, the fatalities were surprisingly few. Terrorist attacks on civilians are not new, but what was unique about this particular attack was the use of a nerve agent instead of the customary conventional weapons. The possibility that nerve agents can be used against a vulnerable civilian population is alarming. A new era has begun, and we would be remiss if we did not learn from this one attack and take steps to prepare for the next. There is no doubt that those involved in the use of terror will learn from their mistakes and become more effective in their deployment of these horrific weapons. From a public perspective there are several questions that must be urgently addressed. What can we do to prevent such attacks and how do we respond if such an attack should occur? Can we prevent terrorist organizations from making nerve agents? How do we prevent them from delivering these agents to their targets? Is there anything that we as a society can do to protect ourselves in the event of a gas attack? How do we minimize our vulnerability? How do we respond to an attack?"
National Institutes of Health (U.S.)
Hook, Gary E. R
1995-05
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Report on Activities and Programs for Countering Proliferation, 1995
In the 1995 National Defense Authorization Act, Congress directed that a
Counterproliferation Program Review Committee (CPRC) be established, chaired by the Secretary of Defense, and composed of the Secretary of Energy (as Vice Chairman), the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI), and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS). The Committee was instructed to review activities related to countering proliferation within the represented agencies and, based on that review, make recommendations relative to modifications in such programs required to address shortfalls in existing and programmed capabilities. The
CPRC was also tasked to assess progress of the represented agencies toward implementing the recommendations of its predecessor, the Nonproliferation Program Review Committee (NPRC), as summarized in its May 1994 Report to Congress. This report presents the findings and recommendations of the CPRC. The results are summarized below and provided in detail in the main body and appendices of the report. The recommendations of the 1994 NPRC report constitute an integrated, top level plan to improve the overall capability of the United States in countering the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Although it will take a period of years to implement all of the NPRC recommendations, the represented organizations have taken a number of actions since the report was submitted. The CPRC can report that progress has been made over the past year in many areas leading toward a strengthening of U.S. capabilities for countering proliferation. This strengthening includes implementing initiatives that will lead to rapid fielding of essential
capabilities and improved integration, management, and oversight of programs related to countering proliferation.
United States. Counterproliferation Program Review Committee
1995-05
