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Anticipating Emerging Infectious Disease Epidemics
From the Background: "Having the ability to anticipate epidemic-prone emerging infectious diseases will give us the necessary edge to battle outbreaks which are becoming more frequent. This foresight, if reliable, is central to global health security and provides the tools and strategies to reduce avoidable loss of life, minimize illness and suffering, and reduce harm to national and global economies. With the rapid evolution of technology, know-how, and an increasing appreciation of the interconnectedness of everyone on the planet, on 1 and 2 December 2015, the World Health Organization convened some of the world's most eminent scientists, experts and practitioners to identify a path forward to better, more accurately and systematically predict epidemics and thereby meaningfully strengthen global and national readiness to address these emerging infectious disease threats. The informal consultation on anticipating epidemics was the first step in an intensified initiative to better predict and be ready to respond to epidemics. It aimed to (1) create a forum for discussion by bringing together multi-disciplinary experts in a forward-thinking exercise on how to better anticipate and prepare for epidemics; (2) engage with a wide range of expertise and experience in order to shape international collaboration to tackle future infectious risks; and (3) identify approaches to improve detection, early analysis and interpretation of factors that drive emergence and amplification of infectious disease epidemics."
World Health Organization
2015-12
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Revision of the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Guidance: An Update on the Drafting Process
"On 27-29 November 2007, the WHO Global Influenza Programme (GIP) convened a working group meeting in Geneva, Switzerland to begin the process of updating WHO's pandemic influenza preparedness guidance. [...] The updated WHO pandemic influenza preparedness and response guidance 'package' is scheduled for publication in December 2008."
World Health Organization
2008-07-16
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Ethical Considerations in Developing a Public Health Response to Pandemic Influenza
"The purpose of this document is to assist social and political leaders at all levels who influence policy decisions about the incorporation of ethical considerations into national influenza pandemic preparedness plans (for link to national plans see Annex). The document focuses on priority setting and equitable access to resources, restriction of individuals' movements as a result of non-pharmaceutical interventions (including isolation of cases, quarantine of contacts, and limitation of social gatherings), the respective obligations of health-care workers and their employers and governments, and the obligations of countries vis-à-vis each other. Key ethical principles emphasized include equity, utility/efficiency, liberty, reciprocity, and solidarity. The document also addresses the need for transparent and timely sharing of information to improve evidence-based policy design and facilitate public engagement in the decision-making process. This document addresses issues related to public health, primarily those likely to arise during the pandemic alert period and the pandemic period (see Glossary). Since specific decisions will depend on local circumstances and cultural values, it will be necessary to adapt this global guidance to the regional and country-level context, with full respect to the principles and laws of international human rights."
World Health Organization
2007
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Pandemic Influenza Prevention and Mitigation in Low Resource Communities
This document should act as a guide for public health professionals in a pandemic influenza situation. This guide outlines key principles that should be followed in the event of an outbreak such as distancing oneself from sick individuals and patient management tools. This document offers concrete information about how to care for the sick as well as hygiene and sanitation measures to implement in the event of an outbreak.
World Health Organization
2008
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Strengthening Pandemic-Influenza Preparedness and Response, Including Application of the International Health Regulations (2005): Report by the Secretariat
"Beginning in mid-2003, eight countries in south-east Asia experienced the largest and most severe outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza in poultry on record. The causative agent, the H5N1 strain of Influenzavirus A, has since become endemic in domestic birds in several of the initially affected countries. 2. From July 2005 to the end of the year, the virus expanded its geographical presence in birds beyond the initial focus in Asia. Countries reporting their first outbreaks, in both wild and domestic birds, included (in order of reporting) the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Romania and Ukraine. Croatia and Mongolia reported detection of the virus in wild birds only. 3. Beginning in February 2006, the geographical presence of the virus in birds expanded again, this time dramatically: between then and early April 2006, 32 countries, located in Africa, Asia, Europe and the Middle East, had reported their first cases of infection in wild or domestic birds, or both. This development marks the fastest and most extensive geographical spread of any highly pathogenic avian influenza virus recorded since the disease was first described in 1878. The virus has now affected poultry in some of the world's most densely populated and impoverished areas poorly served by systems for health care and disease surveillance. This situation increases the likelihood that human cases may not be detected promptly or at all, thus weakening the early warning system that signals the need to intensify pandemic preparedness or launch an effort to contain an emerging pandemic virus."
World Health Organization
2006-04-24
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Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Mitigation in Refugee and Displaced Populations: WHO Guidelines for Humanitarian Agencies
"These practical field-based guidelines are intended for use by humanitarian agencies, e.g. nongovernmental organizations (NGOs); UN organizations coordinating these services; and donor agencies providing financial support for these populations. They also target ministry of health staff working with refugee and displaced populations at local and national level. These guidelines are intended not only for camp settings but also for open settings with displaced populations living dispersed among local communities. They also address local communities where resources/structure of health-care services allow, particularly where the agency already provides health-care services to local communities. WHO recommends that each agency should develop a locally-relevant PPP which specifically addresses the current capacity and anticipated needs on the ground. Where possible these PPPs should be linked to existing national pandemic preparedness plans. This PPP should allow a systematic sequence of actions in preparation for and response to a pandemic. Where there is no national PPP in place, the organization should work closely with the relevant authorities to formulate practical strategies for addressing the threat of pandemic influenza."
World Health Organization
2006-04
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Pandemic Influenza Risk Management: WHO Interim Guidance
"Influenza pandemics are unpredictable but recurring events that can have consequences on human health and economic well-being worldwide. Advance planning and preparedness are critical to help mitigate the impact of a pandemic. This WHO [World Health Organization] guidance document, 'Pandemic Influenza Risk Management', updates and replaces 'Pandemic influenza preparedness and response: a WHO guidance document', which was published in 2009. This revision of the guidance takes account of lessons learnt from the influenza A(H1N1) 2009 pandemic and of other relevant developments. The influenza A(H1N1) 2009 pandemic was both the first of the 21st century and the first since WHO had produced pandemic preparedness guidance. The experience of Member States during the pandemic varied, yet several common factors emerged. Member States had prepared for a pandemic of high severity and appeared unable to adapt their national and subnational responses adequately to a more moderate event. Communications were also demonstrated to be of immense importance: the need to provide clear risk assessments to decision-makers placed significant strain on ministries of health; and effective communication with the public was challenging. […] This guidance can be used to inform and harmonize national and international pandemic preparedness and response. Countries should consider reviewing and/or updating national influenza preparedness and response plans to reflect the approach taken in this guidance. The roles and responsibilities of WHO relevant to pandemic preparedness, in terms of global leadership and support to Member States, are also articulated. This document is not intended to replace national plans, which should be developed by each country."
World Health Organization
2013-06-10
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Novel Coronavirus Summary and Literature Update - as of 17 May 2013
"Since April 2012, there have been 40 laboratory-confirmed cases of human infection with novel coronavirus (nCoV). Several countries in the Middle East have been affected, including Jordan, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Qatar. Cases have also been reported by three countries in Europe: France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. All of the European cases have had a direct or indirect connection to the Middle East. However, in France and the United Kingdom, there has been limited local transmission among close contacts who had not been to the Middle East but had been in contact with a traveler recently returned from the Middle East. The most recent case reported had onset on 10 May 2013. Most patients are male (79%; 31 of 39 cases with sex reported), and range in age from 24 to 94 years (median 56 years). All of the laboratory confirmed cases had respiratory disease as part of the illness, and most had severe acute respiratory disease requiring hospitalization. Reported clinical features include acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), renal failure requiring hemodialysis, consumptive coagulopathy, and pericarditis. Many patients have also had gastrointestinal symptoms including diarrhea during the course of their illness. One patient, who was immunocompromised, presented with fever, diarrhea and abdominal pain, but had no respiratory symptoms initially; pneumonia was identified incidentally on a radiograph. 20 of the 40 patients have died."
World Health Organization
2013-05-17
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WHO Guidelines for Pharmacological Management of Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 and other Influenza Viruses: Part II: Review of Evidence
Part II of the World Health Organization Guidelines for Pharmacological Management of Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 and other Influenza Viruses advices clinicians on available antivirals for patients showing signs of influenza virus infection or chemoprophylaxis. This document also addresses the most widely available and licensed antiviral medicines, which include neuraminidase, and M2 inhibitors.
World Health Organization
2010-02
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WHO Target Product Profiles for COVID-19 Vaccines
From the Purpose of the Document: "Selected disease areas are identified as WHO [World Health Organization] priorities for research and product development. In the case of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019], target product profile development followed the COVID-19 Global research and innovation forum: towards a research roadmap. The target audience includes vaccine scientists, product developers, manufacturers and funding agencies. All the requirements contained in WHO guidelines for WHO policy recommendation and prequalification will also apply. The criteria below lay out some of the considerations that will be relevant in WHO's case-by-case assessments of COVID-19 vaccines in the future."
World Health Organization
2020-04-29
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Strengthening Preparedness for COVID-19 in Cities and Urban Settings: Interim Guidance for Local Authorities
From the Executive Summary: "Preparedness in cities and other urban settlements is critical for effective national, regional and global responses to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. These settings face unique dynamics that affect preparedness - they serve as travel hubs, have a higher risk of disease spread due to high population densities, and many have extensive public transport networks. Diverse subpopulations have different sociocultural needs and contain vulnerable groups. Some live in crowded and substandard housing, lack access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene facilities, and those in informal settlements are also more often unemployed or dependent on informal economies. Cities also have centres for advanced medical care and are critical to broader health systems. Local authorities have governance and policy-making responsibilities and play an important role throughout the emergency management cycle - from preparedness and readiness to response to and eventual recovery from COVID-19."
World Health Organization
2020
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'Immunity Passports' in the Context of COVID-19
From the Document: "WHO [World Health Organization] has published guidance on adjusting public health and social measures for the next phase of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] response. Some governments have suggested that the detection of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2], the virus that causes COVID-19, could serve as the basis for an 'immunity passport' or 'risk-free certificate' that would enable individuals to travel or to return to work assuming that they are protected against re-infection. There is currently no evidence that people who have recovered from COVID-19 and have antibodies are protected from a second infection."
World Health Organization
2020-04-24
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Water, Sanitation, Hygiene, and Waste Management for the COVID-19 Virus
From the Background: "This interim guidance supplements the infection prevention and control (IPC) documents by summarizing WHO [World Health Organization] guidance on water, sanitation and health-care waste relevant to viruses, including coronaviruses. It is intended for water and sanitation practitioners and providers, and health-care providers who want to know more about water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) risks and practices. The provision of safe water, sanitation and hygienic conditions is essential for protecting human health during all infectious disease outbreaks, including of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Ensuring evidenced-based and consistently applied WASH and waste management practices in communities, homes, schools, marketplaces, and healthcare facilities will help prevent human-to-human transmission of, the virus that causes COVID-19."
World Health Organization; UNICEF
2020-04-23
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Preparedness, Prevention and Control of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) for Refugees and Migrants in Non-Camp Settings
From the Background: "Most refugees a and migrants b live in individual and communal accommodations in cities, towns, industrial and urban areas. They face similar health threats from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as their host populations. However, due to the conditions of their migratory journeys, limited employment opportunities, overcrowded and poor living and working conditions with inadequate access to food, water, sanitation, and other basic services, refugees and migrants may have specific vulnerabilities. Many migrants are often excluded from national programmes for health promotion, disease prevention, treatment and care, as well as from financial protection schemes for health and social services. This exclusion makes early detection, testing, diagnosis, contact tracing and seeking care for COVID-19 difficult for refugees and migrants thus increasing the risk of outbreaks in these populations, and that such outbreaks may go unchecked or even actively concealed. These conditions present an additional threat to public health."
World Health Organization
2020-04-17
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Addressing Human Rights as Key to the COVID-19 Response
From the Introduction: "The World Health Organization (WHO) Director General's recent remarks on COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] emphasized that 'All countries must strike a fine balance between protecting health, minimizing economic and social disruption, and respecting human rights'. Human rights frameworks provide a crucial structure that can strengthen the effectiveness of global efforts to address the pandemic. The current COVID-19 outbreak has been described as a pandemic. The global and national COVID-19 responses have presented unique and rapidly-shifting challenges to the promotion and protection of health and of human rights of people around the world. As countries identify ways to address COVID-19, integrating human rights protections and guarantees into our shared responses is not only a moral imperative, it is essential to successfully addressing public health concerns."
World Health Organization
2020-04-21
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Ethics and COVID-19: Resource Allocation and Priority-Setting
From the Introduction: "Governments, international agencies and health systems have an obligation to ensure, to the best of their ability, adequate provision of health care for all. However, this may not be possible during a pandemic, when health resources are likely to be limited. Setting priorities and rationing resources in this context means making tragic choices, but these tragic choices can be ethically justified. This is why we have ethics. This policy brief answers a number of questions about the ethics of setting priorities for the allocation of resources during times of scarcity. Such decisions may include access to hospitals, ventilators, vaccines and medicines. It is essential that policies and practices are ethically justified in such contexts. The document provides a high-level ethical framework that can be used to guide decision-making, and complements WHO's [World Health Organization] technical guidance."
World Health Organization
2020
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Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework for the Sharing of Influenza Viruses and Access to Vaccines and Other Benefits
"The objective of the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework is to improve pandemic influenza preparedness and response, and strengthen the protection against the pandemic influenza by improving and strengthening the WHO [World Health Organization] global influenza surveillance and response system ('WHO GISRS'), with the objective of a fair, transparent, equitable, efficient, effective system for, on an equal footing: (i) the sharing of H5N1 and other influenza viruses with human pandemic potential; and (ii) access to vaccines and sharing of other benefits."
World Health Organization
2011
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Options for the Use of Human H5N1 Influenza Vaccines and the WHO H5N1 Vaccine Stockpile: WHO Scientific Consultation
"From 1 to 3 October 2007, WHO [World Health Organization] held a scientific consultation to review the current data on H5N1 vaccine immunogenicity, safety and other characteristics, to consider current general options for the use of such vaccine and to identify options specifically for the use of the WHO H5N1 vaccine stockpile. One of the principal objectives of this consultation was to review the available scientific information as a basis for the possible uses of the WHO H5N1 vaccine stockpile in order to inform the discussions of the WHO Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) in November 2007. The participants of the October consultation included researchers, representatives from WHO Influenza Collaborating Centres, selected country representatives, SAGE members, and the pharmaceutical industry. Observers were allowed."
World Health Organization
2008
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WHO: Ebola Response Roadmap Situation Report [October 31, 2014]
From the Summary: "A total of 13,567 confirmed, probable, and suspected cases of Ebola virus disease (EVD) have been reported in six affected countries (Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Sierra Leone, Spain, and the United States of America) and two previously affected countries (Nigeria, Senegal) up to the end of 29 October. There have been 4951 reported deaths. The cases reported are fewer than those reported in the Situation Report of 29 October, due mainly to suspected cases in Guinea being discarded. Following the WHO [World Health Organization] Ebola Response Roadmap structure, country reports fall into two categories: 1) those with widespread and intense transmission (Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone); and 2) those with or that have had an initial case or cases, or with localized transmission (Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Spain, and the United States of America). An overview of the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where a separate, unrelated outbreak of EVD is occurring, is also provided. "
World Health Organization
2014-10-31
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WHO: Ebola Response Roadmap Situation Report [October 29, 2014]
From the Summary: "A total of 13,703 confirmed, probable, and suspected cases of Ebola virus disease (EVD) have been reported in six affected countries (Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Sierra Leone, Spain, and the United States of America) and two previously affected countries (Nigeria and Senegal) up to the end of 27 October. There have been 4,922 deaths. The outbreaks of EVD in Senegal and Nigeria were declared over on 17 October and 19 October 2014, respectively. EVD transmission remains persistent and widespread in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. All administrative districts in Liberia and Sierra Leone have now reported at least one confirmed or probable case of EVD since the outbreak began. Cases of EVD transmission remain lowest in Guinea, but case numbers are still very high in absolute terms. Transmission remains intense in the capital cities of the three most affected countries. Cases and deaths continue to be under-reported in the outbreak. Of the countries with localized transmission, Mali, Spain and the United States of America continue to monitor potential contacts. In Mali, a 2-year-old girl died of Ebola on 24 October, after travelling with her grandmother from Guinea. The case makes Mali the sixth West African nation to be affected in the current Ebola outbreak. In Spain, the single patient with EVD tested negative for the disease for a second time on 21 October. Spain will be declared free of EVD 42 days after the date of the second negative test, unless a new case arises during that period. In the US, two health-care workers have tested negative for Ebola for the second time, and have been discharged from hospital. Another health-care worker remains in isolation and is receiving treatment."
World Health Organization
2014-10-29
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WHO: Ebola Response Roadmap Situation Report [October 22, 2014]
From the Summary: "A total of 9936 confirmed, probable, and suspected cases of Ebola virus disease (EVD) have been reported in five affected countries (Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Spain, and the United States of America) and two previously affected countries (Nigeria and Senegal) up to the end of 19 October. A total of 4877 deaths have been reported. The outbreaks of EVD in Senegal and Nigeria were declared over on 17 October and 19 October 2014, respectively. EVD transmission remains persistent and widespread in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. All but one administrative district in Liberia and all administrative districts in Sierra Leone have now reported at least one confirmed or probable case of EVD since the outbreak began. Cases of EVD transmission remain lowest in Guinea, but case numbers are still very high in absolute terms. Transmission remains intense in the capital cities of the three most affected countries. Case numbers continue to be under-reported, especially from the Liberian capital Monrovia. Of the countries with localized transmission, both Spain and the United States continue to monitor potential contacts. On 21 October the single patient with EVD in Spain tested negative for the disease for a second time. Spain will be declared free of EVD 42 days after the date of the second negative test unless a new case arises during that period. On 22 October 2014, WHO [World Health Organization] convened the third Emergency Committee on Ebola under the International Health Regulations (2005)."
World Health Organization
2014-10-22
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WHO: Ebola Response Roadmap Situation Report [October 15, 2014]
From the Outline: "This is the eighth in a series of regular situation reports on the Ebola Response Roadmap. The report contains a review of the epidemiological situation based on official information reported by ministries of health, and an assessment of the response measured against the core Roadmap indicators where available. The data contained in this report are the best available. Because of widespread under-reporting of confirmed cases in Liberia, suspected cases are now also shown in country histograms. Substantial efforts are ongoing to improve the availability and accuracy of information about both the epidemiological situation and the implementation of response measures. Following the roadmap structure, country reports fall into three categories: (1) those with widespread and intense transmission (Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone); (2) those with an initial case or cases, or with localized transmission (Nigeria, Senegal, Spain, and the United States of America); and (3), those countries that neighbour areas of active transmission (Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Senegal). An overview of the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where there is a separate, unrelated outbreak of EVD [Ebola Virus Disease], is also provided."
World Health Organization
2014-10-15
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WHO: Ebola Response Roadmap Situation Report [October 8, 2014]
"This is the seventh in a series of regular situation reports on the Ebola Response Roadmap. The report contains a review of the epidemiological situation based on official information reported by ministries of health, and an assessment of the response measured against the core Roadmap indicators where available. The data contained in this report are the best available. Substantial efforts are ongoing to improve the availability and accuracy of information about both the epidemiological situation and the implementation of response measures. Following the roadmap structure, country reports fall into three categories: (1) those with widespread and intense transmission (Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone); ( 2) those with an initial case or cases, or with localized transmission (Nigeria, Senegal , and the United States of America ); and ( 3), those countries that neighbour are as of active transmission (Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea - Bissau, Mali, Senegal). An overview of the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where there is a separate, unrelated outbreak of EVD , is also provided (see Annex 2 ).'"
World Health Organization
2014-10-08
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WHO: Ebola Response Roadmap Situation Report Update [October 25, 2014]
From the Summary: "A total of 10,141 confirmed, probable, and suspected cases of Ebola virus disease (EVD) have been reported in six affected countries (Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Sierra Leone, Spain, and the United States of America) and two previously affected countries (Nigeria, Senegal) up to the end of 23 October. There have been 4922 reported deaths. Following the WHO [World Health Organization] Ebola Response Roadmap structure1, country reports fall into two categories: 1) those with widespread and intense transmission (Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone); and 2) those with or that have had an initial case or cases, or with localized transmission (Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Spain, and the United States of America). An overview of the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where a separate, unrelated outbreak of EVD is occurring, is also provided."
World Health Organization
2014-10-25
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Operational Considerations for COVID-19 Management in the Accommodation Sector
From the Background: "The document is addressed to collective tourism accommodation establishments such as hotels and similar establishments, holiday and other short-stay accommodation, and campsites. Private tourism accommodation providers are invited to follow the operating guidelines to the greatest extent possible. In addition, the document will help any authority involved in public health to respond to a public health event in hotels and tourism accommodation establishments, including the International Health Regulations (IHR) National Focal Point (NFP), local health authorities, local, provincial, and national health surveillance and response system. The measures proposed here should be reviewed and adapted to the local context by the accommodation establishment's Workplace Health & Safety Committee, Prevention Officers and Services, and Health Consultants, or other relevant stakeholders who are responsible for health-related issues within an establishment, including administration and industry associations."
World Health Organization
2020-04-30
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Pandemic Preparedness: Considerations on Exercises to Validate Pandemic Preparedness Plans
"Since the publication of the first Pandemic Preparedness Guidelines in 1999, WHO has advocated that Member States develop preparedness and response plans to mitigate the effects of an influenza pandemic on their populations. To date considerable effort and resources have been committed to developing such plans by the majority of WHO Member States. Preparation and response planning to reduce the impact of any emergency or crisis is a complex process, which requires the coordination and action of multiple players at all administrative levels. Moreover, this process is anticipated to involve a cycle of planning, development, education, practice, testing, evaluation and periodic revision. Many WHO Member States have already begun this process and should be congratulated for their efforts. The revised International Health Regulations (2005) also underline similar processes for preparedness and response to any Public Health Event of International Concern (PHEIC), including Pandemic Influenza."
World Health Organization
2008-02-07?
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2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan
From About This Document: "On 31 December 2019, WHO [World Health Organization] was alerted to a cluster of pneumonia patients in Wuhan City, Hubei Province of China. One week later, on 7 January 2020, Chinese authorities confirmed that they had identified a novel (new) coronavirus as the cause of the pneumonia (figure 1). The proposed interim name of the virus is 2019-nCoV. [...] This strategic preparedness and response plan outlines the public health measures that the international community stands ready to provide to support all countries to prepare for and respond to 2019-nCoV. The document takes what we have learned so far about the virus and translates that knowledge into strategic action that can guide the efforts of all national and international partners when developing context-specific national and regional operational plans."
World Health Organization
2020-02-03
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COVID-19 Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan: Operational Planning Guidelines to Support Country Preparedness and Response
From the Purpose: "The purpose of this document is to provide a practical guide for the UNCTs [UN Country Teams] and partners to develop a CPRP [Country Preparedness and Response Plan] to immediately support national governments to prepare for and respond to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. The initial CPRP should be developed for a 3-month period from 1 February to 30 April in alignment with the SPRP [Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan]. Subsequent CPRPs will be developed based on the evolving situation and needs. This guide outlines the priority steps and actions to be included in the CPRP across the major areas of the public health preparedness and response: [1] Country-level coordination, planning, and monitoring; [2] Risk communication and community engagement; [3] Surveillance, rapid-response teams, and case investigation; [4] Points of entry; [5] National laboratories; [6] Infection prevention and control; [7] Case management; [8] Operations support and logistics. This guide does not supersede existing national guidance and plans. Rather, this guide should be used to rapidly adapt existing relevant national plans, including NAPHS [ National Action Plans for Health Security] and PIPPs [Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Plans], and focus the support of the international community."
World Health Organization
2020-02-12
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Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Exercice de simulation pour la preparation a une urgence sanitaire [presentation]
"Objectifs généraux: [1] Partager des informations sur l'avancement de la préparation, y compris les capacités de réponse, les plans et les procédures pour identifier et répondre à des cas de COVID-19 [Novel Coronavirus] dans votre pays. [2] Identifier les domaines d'interdépendance entre les acteurs de la santé et d'autres secteurs; [3] Mener une analyse des lacunes sur la base de la liste des repères de préparation opérationnelle pour COVID-19; [4] Élaborer un plan d'action pour améliorer votre niveau de préparation, basé sur la liste de contrôle de l'OMS [l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé]."
World Health Organization
2020-03-05
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Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Health Emergency Preparedness Table-Top Exercise (TTX): Participants' Guide
From the Overview: "The Table Top (TTX) COVID-19 [Novel Coronavirus] exercise is a tool that has been developed to assist Governments and Agencies in the process of strengthening plans and policies with the intention of being able to identify and contain and outbreak of COVID-19 in the country. The TTX Simulation is designed to support the use of the 'WHO [World Health Organization] Operational Readiness Benchmarks for COVID-19.' [...] This exercise uses the scenario of an imported case, as the base for a detailed discussion guided by the exercise facilitator. During the TTX, there are no 'real' actions carried out. The participants (based on their real-life function) explain and discuss among themselves how they would react to the scenario, without being required to execute those actions. Prior to starting the TTX, it is important that all participants know their roles and responsibilities in relation to the national response plan/ appropriate contingency plan."
World Health Organization
2020?
