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2020 Decennial Census: Overview and Issues [Updated April 22, 2019]
From the Document: "The census is a count, as nearly complete and accurate as possible, of every person whose usual residence is in the United States. Article I, Section 2, clause 3 of the U.S. Constitution, as modified by Section 2 of the 14th Amendment, requires a population census every 10 years, conducted 'in such Manner as they [Congress] shall by Law direct.' Congress, in Title 13, 'U.S. Code', has delegated this responsibility to the Secretary of Commerce and, within the U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC), the Census Bureau. The first census took place in 1790; the next will be in 2020. The constitutional reason for taking a census is to have an updated basis for apportioning seats in the U.S. House of Representatives. Census data also are used to redraw legislative boundaries within states; to produce population estimates and projections; in formulas that help allocate more than $675 billion in federal funds annually to states and localities; and by subnational governments, businesses, nonprofit organizations, and researchers for myriad purposes."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Williams, Jennifer D.
2019-04-22
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New Census Bureau Products Track COVID-19's Effects [Updated December 28, 2020]
From the Introduction: "In May 2020, the U.S. Census Bureau released its first findings from the new Household Pulse and Small Business Pulse Surveys, both now in Phase 3. These experimental products are designed to track the effects of the novel coronavirus disease--first observed in Wuhan, China, in 2019 (COVID-19) and declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. The bureau defines such products as those 'using new data sources or methodologies that benefit data users in the absence of other relevant products.' Long before COVID-19 struck, the federal statistical system produced data that could gauge changes in mortality, health status, food supplies, unemployment, and business conditions, among other important variables. Not previously available, however, were the kind of data now provided by the pulse surveys, which are not only detailed but also being disseminated in almost real time to help policymakers respond to the pandemic and plan for recovery."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Williams, Jennifer D.
2020-12-28
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FY2018 Appropriations Overview: Census Bureau and Bureau of Economic Analysis [March 23, 2018]
"This report presents an overview of the FY2018 budget request, related congressional actions, and appropriations (discretionary budget authority) for the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) and Bureau of the Census (Census Bureau). These entities historically made up the Economics and Statistics Administration (ESA) in the U.S. Department of Commerce, which is funded under annual appropriations for the Departments of Commerce and Justice, and science and related agencies (CJS)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Williams, Jennifer D.
2018-03-23
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2020 Census Fieldwork Delayed by COVID-19 [April 2, 2020]
From the Introduction: "In a March 18, 2020, press release (CB20-RTQ.08), U.S. Census Bureau Director Steven Dillingham announced that the bureau was suspending all 2020 census field operations until April 1 (but see the more detailed schedule, issued on March 21, below). This action, a response to the novel coronavirus disease first observed in 2019 (COVID-19) and designated a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, came at a critical time for the census. Although April 1 is the official Census Day, early data collection began in remote Toksook Bay, Alaska, on January 21. Other tightly timed field operations were underway or imminent, including the bureau's personal outreach to hard-to-count areas and groups. In-person visits to nonresponding households, originally set for mid-May, have been delayed by two weeks. Dr. Dillingham stated on March 18 that if 'additional adjustments' became necessary, the bureau would communicate them 'broadly and promptly.' The latest press release on the topic, dated March 28 (CB20-RTQ.14), announced an extended suspension of field operations, until April 15. The release did not present another revised schedule for the individual operations, but noted that the bureau 'continues to evaluate' them and 'will communicate any further updates as soon as possible.' This In Focus notes the various components of the bureau's 2020 census fieldwork, with their original and, as of March 21, adjusted schedules. Whether the bureau will have to make further adjustments in the timing of all, or some, components is uncertain. The In Focus will be updated to reflect any new delays or developments."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Williams, Jennifer D.
2020-04-02
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