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Department of Homeland Security Transition Issues
As you know, on June 20, 2002 the President signed an executive order establishing within OMB a Transition Planning Office for the Department of Homeland Security. Simply put, the objective of the Transition Planning Office is to plan and facilitate an accelerated transition to an integrated and effective Department of Homeland Security. At the same time, we must maintain and enhance homeland security vigilance and effectiveness during the transition period. Central to this goal, we wish to stress that in all instances operations and program execution of the entities to be included in the new department will continue to be directed under existing departmental chains of command until the affected components transfer into the new department. In addition, during the transition period we must continue to discharge effectively any non-homeland security activities which are the responsibility of the entities that will comprise the new department.
United States. White House Office
2002-07-16
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Benefits of Transitioning to a Nationwide Wireless Broadband Network for Public Safety
"At a recent hearing before the Senate Commerce Committee, New York City Police Commissioner Raymond Kelly remarked that a 16-year-old with a smartphone has more advanced communications capability than a police officer or deputy 'carrying a radio.' The failings of public safety communications systems include both interoperability--with the limitations of current systems becoming tragically apparent on 9/11 and in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina and opperability with the cost-effectiveness and performance of traditional public safety devices trailing well behind those provided by modern commercial cellular operators. With the emerging rollout of commercial services marketed as 4G, LTE-based wireless services, there is a once-in-a-generation opportunity to transform the effectiveness of our first responders through a national strategy to develop and deploy a nationwide wireless broadband network for public safety. Such a broadband service promises to enhance the effectiveness of public safety agencies and, if developed appropriately, can also ultimately replace their legacy (and very expensive) communications infrastructure and devices. This report explains how the President's Wireless Innovation and Infrastructure Initiative can facilitate the transition away from the traditional, fragmented world of public safety communications to a next generation system. It begins by providing the relevant context, explaining, among other things, the drawbacks of today's systems, and it concludes by discussing benefits and opportunities made possible by a successful transition to an LTE-based nationwide network. In so doing, it recognizes that this transition will take some time and, in order for it to be successful, it must planned carefully, coordinated effectively, and begin as soon as possible."
United States. White House Office
2011-06
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Reporting Instructions for the Government Information Security Reform Act
The Government Information Security Reform Act (Security Act), passed last year as part of the FY 2001 Defense Authorization Act (P.L. 106-398), amended the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (PRA) by adding a new subchapter on information security. The Security Act focuses on the program management, implementation, and evaluation aspects of the security of unclassified and national security systems. Generally, the Security Act codifies existing OMB security policies, Circular A-130, Appendix III, and reiterates security responsibilities outlined in the Computer Security Act of 1987, the PRA, and the Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996. In addition, the Security Act requires annual agency program reviews and annual independent evaluations for both unclassified and national security programs. On January 16, 2001, OMB issued memorandum 01-08, guidance to agencies on implementing the Security Act. The guidance directs agency heads to transmit to OMB in September, contemporaneous with their FY 2003 budget materials, copies of the annual agency program reviews, independent evaluations, and for national security systems, audits of the independent evaluations. In addition to the program reviews and evaluations, agency heads should also provide a brief executive summary, not to exceed 15 pages, developed by the agency Chief Information Officer, agency program officials, and the Inspector General that is based on the results of their work. These executive summaries will serve as the primary basis for OMB's summary report to Congress.
United States. White House Office
2001-06-22
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Guidance for Implementing E.O. 13211
President Bush issued Executive Order No. 13211, "Actions Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use," on May 18, 2001 (66 Fed. Reg. 28355 (May 22, 2001)). In order to ensure that agencies "appropriately weigh and consider the effects of the Federal Government's regulations on the supply, distribution, and use of energy," the President has directed agencies to prepare and submit to OMB's Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) a "Statement of Energy Effects" for their "significant energy actions." This memorandum provides guidance on the implementation of this Order.
United States. White House Office
2001-07-13
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Emergency Funding to Respond to the September 11th Terrorist Attacks
The supplemental appropriations bill provides $40 billion for "emergency expenses to respond to the terrorist attacks on the United States that occurred on September 11, 2001." Departments and agencies should continue to take all steps necessary to respond swiftly to urgent requirements and to alleviate human endangerment and suffering. All agency costs directly related to these terrorist attacks will be reimbursed. If you have any question about the availability of funding, please consult your OMB contact. The Congress has given us extraordinary authority and funding to address this crisis. It is incumbent on us to see that every dollar of these resources is used for the intended purposes and is fully accounted for. Attached for your information are guidelines that OMB will use in identifying and evaluating with you those areas where the funding enacted today should be targeted. These guidelines have been adapted, usually verbatim, from the procedures followed in response to previous emergencies, including Desert Storm, the Northridge earthquake, and the Northwest floods of 1997. A proposed activity is not expected to meet each of these guidelines but, if a request appears to violate one or more, it will be given very close scrutiny.
United States. White House Office
2001-09-14
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Action to Safeguard Information Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction and Other Sensitive Documents Related to Homeland Security
At the request of the Assistant to the President and Chief of Staff, we have prepared this memorandum to provide guidance for reviewing Government information regarding weapons of mass destruction, as well as other information that could be misused to harm the security of our nation or threaten public safety. It is appropriate that all federal departments and agencies consider the need to safeguard such information on an ongoing basis and also upon receipt of any request for records containing such information that is made under the Freedom of Information Act. Consistent with existing law and policy, the appropriate steps for safeguarding such information will vary according to the sensitivity of the information involved and whether the information currently is classified.
United States. White House Office
2002-03-21
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Review and Consolidation of Business Management Systems for the Proposed Department of Homeland Security
On July 19th, OMB provided guidance to Department of Homeland Security (DHS) component agencies on preventing redundant IT infrastructure. That guidance recognized that an effective DHS requires high quality integrated common systems. The guidance also established the Homeland Security IT Investment Review Group as the executive review group for IT investments proposed by DHS component agencies. A similar opportunity for effectiveness and economy exists in the case of management systems for financial management, procurement, and human resources. Not only is consolidation possible, it has been used effectively in the recent past. In 1998, the Department of Interior's National Business Center consolidated payroll systems for Interior, the Social Security Administration, the Department of Education and many smaller agencies onto the Federal Personnel Payroll System. The result was a payroll system that worked better and cost 25 percent less. Currently, DHS component agencies all use different financial management systems, and lack a common automated system for either procurement or human resources.
United States. White House Office
2002-07-30
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What America's Users Spend on Illegal Drugs: 1988-1998
Since 1991, the Office of National Drug Control Policy has published a biennial report on expenditures by Americans on illegal drugs and on legal drugs used illegally. This version of that biennial report provides estimates of cocaine, heroin and marijuana consumption from 1988 through 1998 and projects estimates for 1999 through 2000. For the first time, it provides comparable estimates for methamphetamine. This version improves and updates estimates of the supply of cocaine to the United States, and for the first time, provides estimates of the supply of heroin to American consumers. Finally, this version reports improved and updated estimates of trends in the domestic price of cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine and marijuana.
United States. White House Office
2000-12
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Economic Costs of Drug Abuse in the United States: 1992-1998
This report was developed for The Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) which asked The Lewin Group to calculate more current estimates of the societal cost of drug abuse. In the context of this report, the phrase "drug abuse" is used to refer to consequences of using illicit drugs, as well as societal costs pertaining to the enforcement of drug laws. This study does not address costs related to abuse of or dependence on legal substances that may be termed drugs such as alcohol, tobacco, or prescription medications. The most recent previous estimates of drug abuse related costs are for 1995 as developed by Harwood et al. (1998). In addition to providing new estimates of the societal cost of drug abuse, this report provides annual estimates for 1992 through 1998 and projections for 1999 and 2000 that are consistently developed, so that trends in the overall societal cost and in component costs of drug abuse can be evaluated. Projections are only provided for 1999 and 2000, because there is a significant lag in the availability of the base data for estimating the component values. For the majority of components, the most recent data available is from 1998. The estimates have followed guidelines developed by the U.S. Public Health Service for cost-of illness studies. These guidelines have been applied in earlier studies of drug abuse in the U.S. (e.g., for 1992, 1985, 1980, and 1977), and to cost-of-illness studies for virtually all of the major medical problems. Accordingly, these estimates can be compared meaningfully to estimates for diseases, such as cancer, stroke, heart disease, diabetes, alcohol abuse and mental illness. The results of this study are summarized in five sections. The first section presents the overall estimates of the cost of drug abuse for 1992 through 1998 and projections for 1999 and 2000. Then, sections two through four demonstrate how the costs in each of the three major cost categories changed between 1992 and 2000. All of the three major cost categories contain costs related to crime. The fifth section below extracts the crime-related costs from each of the other major cost categories and summarizes them. Finally, the sixth section below provides a brief discussion of the study's results.
United States. White House Office
2001-09
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Office of National Drug Control Policy FY 2001- FY 2007 Strategic Plan
In accordance with the Government Performance Result Act (GPRA) requirements, this Plan documents the Office of National Drug Control Policy's (ONDCP's) long-range goals, strategies, and performance measures by which Congress and the public will hold it accountable and evaluate its success. This plan covers the period FY 2001 to FY 2007. This Plan states ONDCP's overall mission and goals and those of the four specific programs ONDCP manages. These goals strive to produce national as well as international outcomes. Because of this, their accomplishment requires the coordinated effort of numerous federal agencies, state and local governments, the private sector, society at large, and foreign governments. Clearly, no one agency or sector can achieve the goals of the National Drug Control Strategy (Strategy) and ONDCP's primary role is to guide the disparate efforts of numerous agencies by setting national drug control priorities and objectives. By law, ONDCP's principal purpose is to establish policies, priorities, and objectives for the United States' drug control program which are articulated in the Strategy. This policy-making and oversight role, however, consumes only a small proportion--less than ten percent--of ONDCP's annual budget. ONDCP applies well over 90 percent of its budget to the four drug control programs it directly manages.
United States. White House Office
2001-07
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International Strategy for Cyberspace: Prosperity, Security, and Openness in a Networked World [fact sheet]
"Digital infrastructure is increasingly the backbone of prosperous economies, vigorous research communities, strong militaries, transparent governments, and free societies. The reach of networked technology is pervasive and global. To realize fully the benefits that networked technology promises the world, these systems must function reliably and securely. Assuring the free flow of information, the security and privacy of data, and the integrity of the interconnected networks themselves are all essential to American and global economic prosperity, security, and the promotion of universal rights."
United States. White House Office
2010-05
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Building a 21st Century Immigration System
"Today, President Obama reiterated his deep commitment to fixing the broken immigration system and outlined his vision for a 21st century immigration policy: 1) Responsibility by the federal government to secure our borders [...] 2) Accountability for businesses that break the law by undermining American workers and exploiting undocumented workers [...] 3) Strengthening our economic competiveness by creating a legal immigration system that reflects our values and diverse needs [...] 4) Responsibility from people who are living in the United States illegally [...] What follows is an update on the progress we have made in securing our borders, enforcing our laws, and improving our immigration system, a summary of the economic benefits of our proposed immigration reforms, and an outline of the challenges we must tackle and the solutions we must implement if we are to build a 21st century immigration system."
United States. White House Office
2011-05
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Working with Tribal Nations to Build a Brighter Future: Synopsis of the 2010 White House Tribal Nations Conference
"At the second White House Tribal Nations Conference on December 16, 2010, President Obama, several cabinet secretaries, and other senior administration officials from the Departments of the Treasury, Defense, Justice, the Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, Transportation, Energy, Education, Veterans Affairs, and Homeland Security, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Office of Management and Budget, the Office of Personnel Management, the Corporation for National and Community Service, the Export-Import Bank of the United States, and the Office of National Drug Control Policy met with tribal leaders to continue delivering on the President's promise to build a new path forward that ensures that Indian nations are full partners in the Federal family."
United States. White House Office
2010-12-16
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Blueprint for a Secure Energy Future
The Obama Administration recently released this report, which outlines the United States' path towards better energy security. This report comes at a time when the price of crude oil is at its highest point since 2003. Which has a significant effect on the U.S. economy, considering that transportation is the second costliest expense for most American households. Main goals laid out in the report include: Expand Safe and Responsible Domestic Oil and Gas Development and Production. Lead the World Toward Safer and More Secure Energy Supplies. Reduce Consumers Costs at the Pump with More Efficient Cars and Trucks. Cut Energy Bills with More Efficient Homes and Buildings. Harness America's Clean Energy Potential so that 80 percent of electricity will come from clean energy sources by 2035. Win the future through Clean Energy Research and Development. Lead by Example so that the Federal Government models best practices and clean energy technologies.
United States. White House Office
2011-03-30
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Presidential Policy Directive 8: National Preparedness
"This directive is aimed at strengthening the security and resilience of the United States through systematic preparation for the threats that pose the greatest risk to the security of the Nation, including acts of terrorism, cyber attacks, pandemics, and catastrophic natural disasters. Our national preparedness is the shared responsibility of all levels of government, the private and nonprofit sectors, and individual citizens. Everyone can contribute to safeguarding the Nation from harm . As such, while this directive is intended to galvanize action by the Federal Government, it is also aimed at facilitating an integrated, all-of-Nation, capabilities-based approach to preparedness . Therefore, I hereby direct the development of a national preparedness goal that identifies the core capabilities necessary for preparedness and a national preparedness system to guide activities that will enable the Nation to achieve the goal. The system will allow the Nation to track the progress of our ability to build and improve the capabilities necessary to prevent, protect against, mitigate the effects of, respond to, and recover from those threats that pose the greatest risk to the security of the Nation."
United States. White House Office
2011-03-30
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Nuclear Detonation Preparedness: Communicating in the Immediate Aftermath
"This document was developed as a resource for emergency responders and federal, state, and local officials communicating with the public and media during the immediate aftermath following a nuclear detonation in the United States. This document has been approved for INTERIM USE while it undergoes public message testing and review by state, local and tribal emergency communicators, planners, public health officials and responders."
United States. White House Office
2010-09
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National HIV/AIDS Strategy for the United States: Updated to 2020, 2016 Progress Report
"In this Progress Report, we assess our accomplishments for 2016 in implementing the National HIV/AIDS [Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome] Strategy: Updated to 2020 (Strategy) amidst a backdrop of progress in our nation's response to the HIV epidemic in America since the Strategy's first release in 2010. It is clear by many measures that our National HIV/AIDS Strategy is paying off-we're on the right track to reach most of our 2020 goals-but significant challenges remain. This report focuses on the most recent data for the Strategy's indicators of progress, as well as Federal and community actions to implement the Strategy during 2016."
United States. White House Office
2016-12
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National Electric Grid Security and Resilience Action Plan
"The 'Joint United States-Canada Electric Grid Security and Resilience Strategy' (Strategy) is a collaborative effort between the Federal Governments of the United States and Canada and is intended to strengthen the security and resilience of the U.S. and Canadian electric grid from all adversarial, technological, and natural hazards and threats. The Strategy, released concurrently with this 'National Electric Grid Security and Resilience Action Plan' (Action Plan), details bilateral goals to address the vulnerabilities of the respective and shared electric grid infrastructure of the United States and Canada, not only as an energy security concern, but for reasons of national security. The implementation of the Strategy requires continued action of a nationwide network of governments, departments and agencies (agencies), and private sector partners. This Action Plan details the activities, deliverables, and timelines that will be undertaken primarily by U.S. Federal agencies for the United States to make progress toward the Strategy's goals. The security and resilience of the integrated U.S. and Canadian electric grid is dynamic. New threats, hazards, and vulnerabilities emerge even as the two countries work to prevent, protect against, and mitigate their potential consequences and to improve their ability to respond to, and recover from, disruptive incidents. Secure and reliable electricity is essential for safe and continued operation of infrastructure owned by businesses, governments, schools, hospitals, and other organizations."
United States. White House Office
2016-12
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Supporting Innovation, Creativity & Enterprise: Charting a Path Ahead, U.S. Joint Strategic Plan on Intellectual Property Enforcement
"The Joint Strategic Plan is a forward-looking document, concentrating almost exclusively on the nature of the impediments to effective enforcement and how best to overcome these challenges during the plan's three-year term. The Joint Strategic Plan does not provide a summary of all the progress made in the fulfilment of intellectual property enforcement initiatives over the past few years. There have been numerous accomplishments and initiatives to observe: from increased seizure and enforcement statistics to high-profile arrests and convictions; to the posting of Intellectual Property Law Enforcement Coordinators (IPLECs) and Intellectual Property Attachés around the world; to the bipartisan passage and enactment of the Defend Trade Secrets Act of 2016, Public Law 114-153 (May 11, 2016), to name a few. To learn more about these and many other important accomplishments, please refer to the Annual Report on Intellectual Property Enforcement issued by the Office of the Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator, and submitted to the Committee on the Judiciary and the Committee on Appropriations of the U.S. Senate, and the Committee on the Judiciary and the Committee on Appropriations of the U.S. House of Representatives, pursuant to Section 304 of the PRO-IP Act, 15 U.S.C. § 8814."
United States. White House Office
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Report on the Legal and Policy Frameworks Guiding the United States' Use of Military Force and Related National Security Operations
From the foreword by President Barack Obama: "Decisions regarding war and peace are among the most important any President faces. It is critical, therefore, that such decisions are made pursuant to a policy and legal framework that affords clear guidance internally, reduces the risk of an ill-considered decision, and enables the disclosure of as much information as possible to the public, consistent with national security and the proper functioning of the Government, so that an informed public can scrutinize our actions and hold us to account. [...] It describes, among other things, how my Administration has ensured that our uses of force overseas are supported by a solid domestic law framework and consistent with an international legal framework predicated on the concepts of sovereignty and self-defense embedded in the United Nations Charter. And it describes how the United States has applied rules, practices, and policies long used in traditional warfare to this new type of conflict. [...] In conjunction with the release of this report, I am issuing a Presidential Memorandum that encourages future Administrations to build on this report and carry forward the principles of transparency it represents. In particular, the memorandum states that the National Security Council staff shall be asked, as appropriate, to update the report at least on an annual basis and to arrange for the report to be released to the public."
United States. White House Office
2016-12
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Joint United States-Canada Electric Grid Security and Resilience Strategy
"This Joint United States-Canada Electric Grid Security and Resilience Strategy (Strategy) is a collaborative effort between the Federal Governments of the United States and Canada and is intended to strengthen the security and resilience of the U.S. and Canadian electric grid from all adversarial, technological, and natural hazards and threats. The Strategy addresses the vulnerabilities of the two countries' respective and shared electric grid infrastructure, not only as an energy security concern, but for reasons of national security. This joint Strategy relies on the existing strong bilateral collaboration between the United States and Canada, and reflects a joint commitment to enhance a shared approach to risk management for the electric grid. It also articulates a common vision of the future electric grid that depends on effective and expanded collaboration among those who own, operate, protect, and rely on the electric grid. Because the electric grid is complex, vital to the functioning of modern society, and dependent on other infrastructure for its function, the United States and Canada developed the Strategy under the shared principle that security and resilience require increasingly collaborative efforts and shared approaches to risk management."
United States. White House Office
2016-12
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Economic Report of the President, Together with the Annual Report of the Council of Economic Advisers
"Eight years ago when I took office, our economy was in crisis. We were just months into the worst recession since the Great Depression, with unemployment rising rapidly toward a peak of 10 percent. Nearly 800,000 Americans were losing their jobs each month, and home prices and the stock market had plummeted. The auto industry was on the verge of collapse. Many American families struggled to pay their bills, and millions had lost their homes. Faced with this crisis, my Administration acted quickly, taking steps to shore up the financial system; cut taxes for working families; invest in infrastructure, clean energy, and teacher jobs; help families refinance their homes; and rescue the auto industry. These actions stemmed the tide of the crisis and laid the foundation for a stronger economy over the long term. Today, thanks to the resilience of the American people, our economy has emerged as the strongest and most durable in the world. By nearly every economic measure, America is better off than when I took office. We are in the midst of the longest streak of job growth on record. U.S. businesses have added 15.6 million jobs since early 2010. The unemployment rate has been cut by more than half from its peak, falling much faster than economists expected. Rising home prices have brought millions of homeowners back above water, we are less reliant on foreign oil than we have been in nearly three decades, and we have cut our budget deficit by two-thirds as a share of the economy."
United States. White House Office
Obama, Barack; Council of Economic Advisers (U.S.)
2017-01
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Commission on Enhancing National Cybersecurity: Report on Securing and Growing the Digital Economy
"Recognizing the extraordinary benefit interconnected technologies bring to our digital economy-and equally mindful of the accompanying challenges posed by threats to the security of the cyber landscape-President Obama established this Commission on Enhancing National Cybersecurity. He directed the Commission to assess the state of our nation's cybersecurity, and he charged this group with developing actionable recommendations for securing the digital economy. The President asked that this enhanced cybersecurity be achieved while at the same time protecting privacy, ensuring public safety and economic and national security, and fostering the discovery and development of new technical solutions. [...] From these discussions, some firm conclusions emerged. Partnerships-between countries, between the national government and the states, between governments at all levels and the private sector-are a powerful tool for encouraging the technology, policies, and practices we need to secure and
grow the digital economy. The Commission asserts that the joint collaboration between the public and private sectors before, during, and after a cyber event must be strengthened. When it comes to cybersecurity, organizations cannot operate in isolation. Resilience must be a core component of any cybersecurity strategy; today's dynamic cyber threat environment demands a risk management approach for responding to and recovering from an attack."
United States. White House Office
2016-12-01
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Forensic Science in Criminal Courts: Ensuring Scientific Validity of Feature-Comparison Methods
"'Forensic science' has been defined as the application of scientific or technical practices to the recognition, collection, analysis, and interpretation of evidence for criminal and civil law or regulatory issues. Developments over the past two decades-including the exoneration of defendants who had been wrongfully convicted based in part on forensic-science evidence, a variety of studies of the scientific underpinnings of the forensic disciplines, reviews of expert testimony based on forensic findings, and scandals in state crime laboratories- have called increasing attention to the question of the validity and reliability of some important forms of forensic evidence and of testimony based upon them. A multi-year, Congressionally-mandated study of this issue released in 2009 by the National Research Council (Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward) was particularly critical of weaknesses in the scientific underpinnings of a number of the forensic disciplines routinely used in the criminal justice system. That report led to extensive discussion, inside and outside the Federal government, of a path forward, and ultimately to the establishment of two groups: the National Commission on Forensic Science hosted by the Department of Justice and the Organization for Scientific Area Committees for Forensic Science at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. […] This report aims to help close these gaps for the case of forensic 'feature-comparison' methods-that is, methods that attempt to determine whether an evidentiary sample (e.g., from a crime scene) is or is not associated with a potential 'source' sample (e.g., from a suspect), based on the presence of similar patterns, impressions, or other features in the sample and the source."
United States. White House Office
2016-09
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Strategy for Integrating Best Practices with New Science to Prevent Disease Transmission by Aedes Mosquito Vectors
"Zika is the latest-but likely not the last-of a series of microbial challenges to public health in the United States and across the globe. The Zika public-health emergency in the Americas first emerged in late 2015, with reports of elevated rates of microcephaly in newborn babies following Zika infection in mothers during pregnancy. The research community continues to evaluate the types, extent, rates, and factors contributing to the adverse outcomes that can occur following Zika infection, and to develop the necessary medical diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. One constant in many recent infectious disease outbreaks-including Zika, dengue, and chikungunya in the United States and its territories, and yellow fever in Africa-is transmission of the viruses by mosquito vectors, most often Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito, but possibly in some circumstances Ae. albopictus, the Asian tiger mosquito. Humanity has successfully controlled mosquitoes in the past through rigorous interventions, but societies and environments have changed. Increasingly dense urban populations and waste produce more standing water in which mosquitoes can breed near housing, insecticide resistance and adaptive behaviors have reduced the effectiveness of standard vector-control practices, and there are higher community expectations for engagement and consultation on which strategies should be used to control these mosquitoes. […] Whether implementing old or new mosquito-vector-control techniques, community education and engagement on the acceptability of interventions remains critical; without community support that allows the use of such techniques, mosquito-vectored endemic disease and sporadic epidemics will continue to occur."
United States. White House Office
2016-12
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Incorporating Renewables Into the Electric Grid: Expanding Opportunities for Smart Markets and Energy Storage
"The cost of renewable energy has been quickly dropping and renewable energy generation has been rapidly growing in the United States, spurred by state and federal policies and technological advances. Moreover, projections going forward suggest ever increasing penetration of renewables into the electricity grid. The two most rapidly growing renewable energy sources, wind and solar, provide variable energy output that depends on the time of day, location, season, weather, and other factors. Integrating high levels of these renewables onto the grid will require a reimagining of the management of the grid. It will increase the demand for grid management services, opening up a new set of important opportunities for promising technologies and approaches. This report examines economic and technical considerations related to increasing integration of variable renewable energy resources onto the existing electric grid, which highlight the importance of emerging technologies and approaches in smart markets and energy storage that can help smooth this transition. Smart markets use new communications technologies to develop integrated approaches allowing for electricity demand to respond during times of high value. Energy storage technologies allow the temporary storage of electricity so it can be released during times of high value."
United States. White House Office
2016-06
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Transitioning from High-Activity Radioactive Sources to Non-Radioisotopic (Alternative) Technologies: A Best Practices Guide for Federal Agencies
"Radioactive sources commonly used in medical, research, and industrial applications in the United States and elsewhere pose a security concern due to their potential for use in radiological dispersal devices (dirty bombs) or radiological exposure devices. The U.S. Government is considering how to reduce this security risk by adopting non-radioisotopic alternatives. Though existing radioactive technologies have a proven record of reliability and effectiveness, some non-radioisotopic alternatives that have emerged in recent decades demonstrate marked improvement in reliability, operability, viability, and availability. In certain cases, these alternatives offer a means for permanently reducing risk and cost by minimizing storage and final disposition charges. In accordance with its charter, the interagency Working Group on Alternatives to High=Activity Radioactive Sources (GARS) developed this guide to provide Federal departments and agencies with background information and recommendations on best practices for transitioning to non-radioisotopic technologies in cases where those technologies meet users' technical, operations, and cost requirements. The guide focuses on transitioning to non-radioisotopic technologies in medical applications, but many of these best practices could be broadly applicable to other uses of high-activity radioactive source."
United States. White House Office
2016-12
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Presidential Policy Directive 41: Directive on United States Cyber Incident Coordination
"This Presidential Policy Directive (PPD) sets forth principles governing the Federal Government's response to any cyber incident, whether involving government or private sector entities. For significant cyber incidents, this PPD also establishes lead Federal agencies and an architecture for coordinating the broader Federal Government response. This PPD also requires the Departments of Justice and Homeland Security to maintain updated contact information for public use to assist entities affected by cyber incidents in reporting those incidents to the proper authorities."
United States. White House Office
Obama, Barack
2016-07-26
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Annex to Presidential Policy Directive 41: Federal Government Coordination Architecture for Significant Cyber Incidents
"This annex to PPD--41, United States Cyber Incident Coordination Policy, provides further details concerning the Federal Government coordination architecture for significant cyber incidents and prescribes certain implementation tasks."
United States. White House Office
Obama, Barack
2016-07-26
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Presidential Policy Directive 30: Directive on United States Nationals Taken Hostage Abroad and Personnel Recovery Efforts
"This Presidential Policy Directive (PPD), including its classified annex, supersedes and revokes NSPD--12 [National Security Presidential Directive], United States Citizens Taken Hostage Abroad, dated February 18, 2002, along with Annex 1 and Appendix A to NSPD--12, dated December 4, 2008. The policy directs a renewed, more agile United States Government response to hostage-takings of U.S. nationals and other specified individuals abroad. It establishes processes to enable consistent implementation of the policies set forth in this directive, to ensure close interagency coordination in order to employ all appropriate means to recover U.S. hostages held abroad, and to significantly enhance engagement with hostages' families. It also reaffirms the United States Government's personnel recovery policy, which seeks to prevent, prepare for, and respond to hostage-takings and other circumstances in which U.S. nationals are isolated from friendly support. This policy will thereby further important national security and foreign policy interests by strengthening the protections for U.S. nationals outside the United States."
United States. White House Office
Obama, Barack
2015-06-24
