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FBI Information on Security Clearances
This document provides information on FBI security clearances and secret clearances. Questions and answers pertaining to security clearances are also included.
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2004
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Female Gangs: A Focus on Research
"The proliferation of youth gangs since 1980 has fueled the public's fear and magnified possible misconceptions about youth gangs. To address the mounting concern about youth gangs, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention's (OJJDP's) Youth Gang Series delves into many of the key issues related to youth gangs. The series considers issues such as gang migration, gang growth, female involvement with gangs, homicide, drugs and violence, and the needs of communities and youth who live in the presence of youth gangs. Much of the research on gangs has ignored females or trivialized female gangs. Influential early studies of gangs, which for years shaped the research agenda, concentrated almost exclusively on males. The implicit message of these studies was that female gangs were unimportant. Even within the past decade an expert commented: 'The notion seems to be that female gangs and their members are 'pale imitations' of male gangs' (Spergel, 1995, p. 90). Given the lack of research, much of what has been written about female gangs and then reproduced in textbooks has been based on the reports of journalists and social workers and on the statements of male gang members. With the exception of a very few early studies, gang researchers did not begin to take female gangs seriously until the 1980's, when Campbell's (1984a) book on New York gangs appeared. Even now, there continue to be methodological problems with many reports on female gangs. This Bulletin summarizes both past and current research on female gangs and draws attention to programmatic and research needs."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
Moore, Major Joanne; Hagedorn, John, 1947-
2001-03
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Privacy Technology Focus Group: Final Report and Recommendations
This document addresses access and authentication, data aggregation and dissemination, identity theft, and personal safety and protection. "In 2005, the Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA), Office of Justice Programs (OJP), U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), in partnership with DOJ's Global Justice Information Sharing Initiative (Global), and the IJIS Institute (IJIS), chartered a group of public and private sector specialists to focus on privacy technology, charging the group to examine the use and exchange of personally identifiable information (PII) in the context of justice information systems and in the dissemination and aggregation of justice and public safety data. The focus group identified prominent issues in privacy policy and technology, narrowed issues to readily addressable areas, outlined tangible, targeted technology solutions, and developed specific recommendations for action."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2006-09-16
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Office of Justice Programs Resource Guide - Fiscal 2006 Edition
This Dept. of Justice (DOJ) resource guide outlines the mission and organization of the Office of Justice Programs (OJP). A description of all OJP programs and support services is included. Fields discussed include: law enforcement, corrections, courts, juvenile justice, substance abuse, terrorism and domestic preparedness, tribal justice, technology to fight crime, and research, statistics, and evaluation.
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2006
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Office for Victims of Crime Report to the Nation 2003: Fiscal Years 2001 and 2002
"Established in 1988 by an amendment to the Victims of Crime Act (VOCA) of 1984, the Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) within the Office of Justice Programs (OJP) of the U.S. Department of Justice provides federal leadership and funding to improve the treatment of America's crime victims. Congress charged OVC with administering the Crime Victims Fund (the Fund), the mechanism created by VOCA to support thousands of direct service programs across the country and victim compensation programs in every state and territory. Composed primarily of fines, penalties, and bond forfeitures from convicted federal offenders-not appropriated taxpayer dollars-the Fund also supports training and demonstration projects and programs designed to improve the response to victims of federal crime. […] The Report to the Nation 2003 provides an overview of activities supported and administered by OVC during Fiscal Years (FYs) 2001 and 2002 (October 1, 2000, to September 30, 2002). It highlights the many initiatives funded by OVC in support of the President's and the Justice Department's vision for greater access to justice among victims. From strengthening grassroots efforts in communities to responding to global terror, the programs encapsulated in this report address myriad challenges facing victims and those who serve them. At the same time, by showing what can be accomplished with relatively few resources, it demonstrates the creative approach to problem solving so characteristic of the victim service field."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2003
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Office for Victims of Crime Report to the Nation 2001: Fiscal Years 1999 and 2000
"Millions of Americans are affected by crime each year. The physical and emotional damage caused by crime affects not only individuals, but also families, communities, and the Nation. For some, the wounds caused by crime never truly heal, but with help victims can rebuild their lives. Over the past two decades, the landscape for victims in this country has changed dramatically for the better, due in large part to the advocacy efforts of crime victims. Every state has passed victims' rights laws, service programs have sprung up across the country, and funding for victim services has steadily increased. At the federal level, the Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) has been a wellspring of funding, information, and leadership for the victims field since its establishment in 1988. This report covers OVC's major undertakings during fiscal years 1999 and 2000 (October 1, 1998-September 30, 2000). It demonstrates the many ways in which OVC works to improve the criminal justice response to victims, make services and resources more accessible, and expand the range and quality of services for victims nationwide and around the world. Funding for OVC's programs and activities does not come from taxpayers, but rather from fines and penalties paid by federal criminal offenders in accordance with the 1984 Victims of Crime Act (VOCA). This report discusses how OVC allocated these funds during the past biennium. The first chapter focuses on OVC's leadership in developing and providing effective responses to crime victims worldwide."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2001
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Office for Victims of Crime Report to the Nation 2005: Fiscal Years 2003 and 2004
"For more than 20 years, the Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) has remained dedicated to helping victims understand and assert their rights. It has worked tirelessly to give victims a more prominent presence in the criminal justice system, and to help them access the many services available. OVC continues to make a noticeable difference in the victims field by upholding victims' rights and improving services. In Fiscal Years 2003 and 2004, OVC emphasized work on many fronts, including human trafficking, identity theft and fraud, international terrorism, sexual violence, faith-based collaborations, victims' rights and services, and Indian Country. This Report to the Nation 2005 highlights OVC's focus areas from October 1, 2002, to September 30, 2004, and important initiatives that extend into Fiscal Year 2005. The initiatives undertaken in each area support the missions of the Office of Justice Programs, the U.S. Department of Justice, the Attorney General's Management Initiative, and the President's Management Agenda-all of which focus on providing victims with greater access to justice through the enforcement of federal laws, representation of individual rights, and efforts to prevent, reduce, and control crime. As OVC marked the 25th commemoration of National Crime Victims' Rights Week (NCVRW) in April 2005, it also paused to celebrate the legacy of President Ronald W. Reagan. This year's NCVRW observance was dedicated to President Reagan because of his rich legacy in promoting victims' rights and services. In the most fundamental ways, President Reagan gave the field a solid foundation on which it could grow and provided strong leadership."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2005
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Working With Victims of Gun Violence
"Gun violence in America crosses the demographic lines of age, race, ethnicity, religion, gender, and class-very few Americans have not been affected by the scourge of gun violence. Gun violence corrodes the fabric of our communities, traumatizing victims, witnesses, families, communities, and even our Nation, as recent high-profile school shootings have shown. To understand and respond effectively to violence in our society, we must build on many disciplines, including the victim assistance and criminal justice fields, health care, social services, education, and the clergy. To guide our efforts in serving victims of gun violence, the Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) sponsored a multidisciplinary group of national experts in March 2000 to identify key victim issues and needs, develop recommendations for using federal funds to address victims' needs, and identify promising practices to serve victims of gun violence. Not surprisingly, this bulletin indicates that some demographic groups are disproportionately victimized by gun violence and that many victims never receive needed services. And while we typically think of gun violence victims as victims of homicide, we were reminded that there are many more victims who survive their injuries, often with long-term physical and psychological disabilities. Addressing the needs of secondary victims, including children and adults who witness violence, is another challenge for practitioners, and one that we are just beginning to address systematically in the victim assistance and compensation fields. This bulletin not only outlines the many challenges before us but also describes some promising practices in communities across our Nation to serve victims and stop the violence."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2001-07
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Emerging Issues On Privatized Prisons
"The state of corrections has come under attack by many during the past decade. Many contend that the current state of affairs will not work in the 21st century. Some argue that the public sector is incapable of handling the complex and changing dynamics associated with corrections, and therefore more prisons need to be handed over to the private sector; others argue that private industry should not be a part of the public matter of penalizing offenders of crime. Although the private sector has had a long history of involvement in corrections, private prisons make up less than 5 percent of the current market. This study offers a review of the history of privatization, presents a review of relevant research on the issues involved, and compares some of the major findings from the National Survey of State Prison Privatization, 1997, conducted by the National Council on Crime and Delinquency (1998) and the Census of State and Federal Correctional Facilities, 1995, conducted by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (1997a), on the benefits and costs associated with private- and public-managed prison facilities. Although private prisons tend to house mostly minimum-security inmates, the findings from this report suggest that private prisons operate much the same as public facilities. Private prisons offer only modest cost savings, which are basically a result of moderate reductions in staffing patterns, fringe benefits, and other labor-related costs. No evidence was found to show that the existence of private prisons will have a dramatic effect on how non-private prisons operate."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
Austin, James; Coventry, Garry
2001-02
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Hate Crimes on Campus: The Problem and Efforts to Confront It
"When a hate crime occurs on a college campus, the ideal of a university as a place for learning and growth is ruptured. Bias-motivated violence or threats targeting students, staff, or faculty not only impair the educational mission of an institution of higher learning but also deprive young men and women of the chance to live and learn in an atmosphere free of fear and intimidation. No college campus is immune to the risk of hate violence. In the past 5 years alone, the U.S. Department of Justice has brought criminal civil rights actions against students attending institutions ranging from small liberal arts colleges in Massachusetts and Georgia to large state universities in Florida and California. This monograph examines four aspects of the problem of bias, prejudice, and hate crimes on our college and university campuses. First, the monograph examines the prevalence of hate crimes on campuses, who is targeted, what kinds of crime are committed, and the frequency and impact of bias incidents. Second, the monograph identifies common problems college communities have experienced in responding to hate crimes and provides recommendations for prompt, effective, and appropriate responses. Third, the monograph describes several promising efforts to respond to campus hate crimes and implement prevention programs. Finally, the monograph explains the difference between hate crimes and bias incidents and discusses the factors police consider to determine whether a hate crime has been committed."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2001-10
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Federal Resource Guide for Weed and Seed Communities
"The Community Capacity Development Office (CCDO) has prepared this guide to assist you in implementing the Weed and Seed strategy in your community. To learn more about CCDO visit our site at 'www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ccdo'. This guide is organized by topical keyword within each of the Weed and Seed strategy elements: Law Enforcement/Community Policing Prevention, Intervention and Treatment, and Neighborhood Revitalization. The keywords cover many activities within a Weed and Seed community-from after school to volunteer services -and include Web site URLs with further details. This guide, while not exhaustive, will assist you in learning about federal programs and funding sources that can serve as a resource in implementing your Weed and Seed strategy."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2000
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Communications Interoperability: Basics for Practitioners
This brief report gives a high level overview of the challenges of communications interoperability, focusing on frequency and equipment incompatibility. Two possible solutions are discussed: additional spectrum allocation and standards-based equipment.
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2006-03
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Weed and Seed Implementation Manual
"This manual is intended to be an easy-to-read guide for communities attempting to implement a Weed and Seed strategy. It must be provided to each new site that is Officially Recognized or funded by the Community Capacity Development Office (CCDO). This manual is not intended to mandate that everything it discusses must be included in every Weed and Seed site. Rather, it offers the ideal toward which sites should strive. This manual is a tool that has been updated by the CCDO Technical Assistance Division to offer direction and support to your efforts. Use it to enhance your efforts as you initiate new activities."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2005-08
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Weed and Seed DEFY Program Implementation Manual
"The Drug Education for Youth (DEFY) program began as a special initiative of the Secretary of the Navy in 1992 when the Secretary of the Navy's Drug Demand Reduction Task Force (DDRTF) was established. DEFY fulfills the DDRTF mission to develop and execute a prototype drug demand reduction project for innovative, positive, long-term community involvement. DEFY is a unique, comprehensive, and multi-phased 1-year program that strengthens protective factors and reduces risk factors that scientific research has directly linked to adolescent alcohol and drug abuse, school failure, delinquency, and violence."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2000
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Forensic Databases: Paint, Shoe Prints, and Beyond
"A detective working a missing persons case undoubtedly knows how to make the most of databases such as the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) and the Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS), but does he or she know how to investigate a paint chip, a tire track, an ink sampling, or a piece of glass? Many government and private forensic databases can help both law enforcement investigators and the scientists who support their work in the lab. To help spread the word about the existence of these tools, the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) funded West Virginia University to gather the following basic information."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
Bowen, Robin Huw; Schneider, Jessica
2007-10
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2009 OJP Annual Report: Forward Momentum
"The Office of Justice Programs' (OJP) close partnership with federal, state, local, and tribal justice systems is essential to providing a comprehensive and cohesive response to the nation's public safety needs. OJP provides innovative leadership, critical research and information, and essential funding to help communities implement programs and strategies. The OJP Fiscal Year 2009 Report to Congress is presented in chapters that demonstrate OJP's commitment to outreach and collaboration with the criminal and juvenile justice fields, innovative programs and technology, evidence-based programs and practices, and sound stewardship of the funds entrusted to OJP by Congress and the American people. Each chapter includes highlights and accomplishments funded by fiscal year (FY) 2009 appropriations and by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act). Each chapter also provides real world examples that show how OJP programs have made a positive difference in the lives of Americans. Composed of five bureaus and two program offices, OJP and its programs and research address every facet of criminal and juvenile justice. Components include the Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA), Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), National Institute of Justice (NIJ), Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), Office for Victims of Crime (OVC), Community Capacity Development Office (CCDO), and the Office of Sex Offender Sentencing, Monitoring, Apprehending, Registering, and Tracking (SMART)"
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2010
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Women in Law Enforcement, 1987-2008
"During the 1990s and 2000s, the percent of sworn law enforcement officers who were women increased only slightly in federal, state, and local agencies. By 2007 nearly 4,000 state police, 19,400 sheriffs', and 55,300 local police officers were women. In 2008, across 62 reporting federal law enforcement agencies there were about 90,000 sworn officers, of whom approximately 18,200 (20%) were women. These 2007 and 2008 numbers suggest a combined total of almost 100,000 female sworn officers nationwide in federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies. Using data primarily from the Bureau of Justice Statistics' Census of Federal Law Enforcement Officers (FLEO) and the Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS) series, this report examines the current state of and trends in the employment of female sworn officers in federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
Langton, Lynn
2010-06
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Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin: National Crime Victimization Survey: Criminal Victimization, 2008
This report "presents the annual estimates of rates and levels of personal and property victimization and describes the year-to-year change from 2007 as well as trends for the ten-year period from 1999 through 2008. The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) collects information on nonfatal crimes, reported and not reported to the police, against persons age 12 or older from a nationally representative sample of U.S. households. During 2008, 42,093 households and 77,852 individuals were interviewed twice for the NCVS. The report includes data on violent crimes (rape/sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault and simple assault), property crimes (burglary, motor vehicle theft and property theft), and personal theft (pocket picking and purse snatching), and the characteristics of victims of these crimes. The report also includes estimates of intimate partner violent crime and use of firearms and other weapons in the commission of violent crime overall."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
Rand, Michael R.
2009-09
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COPS Program after 4 Years - National Evaluation
"The effectiveness of the Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) program, authorized by Title I of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, is summarized in this Research in Brief. The document reviews the history of the COPS program and examines the distribution of funds, program implementation, and the program's effects on policing levels and productivity, use of technology, and the style of policing in the United States. Specific attention is given to COPS grants that enabled law enforcement agencies to hire and/or redeploy police officers to community policing activities. The research covers primarily the first 4 years of the program but includes some projections through 2003."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
Roth, Jeffrey A., 1945-; Ryan, Joseph F.
2000-08
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Through-the-Wall Surveillance Technologies
"The challenges faced by correctional officers in acquiring cutting-edge technologies to be used in their work is a area of growing concern for those within the law enforcement community in the United States. Many organizations such as Raytheon and independent research institutes across the country can play a role in contributing necessary technological developments in the field, as well as bringing greater insight into need-areas faced by those at the most front-line levels. This report details recent developments, as well as future considerations."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2001-07
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Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin: Crime and the Nation's Households, 2004
"In 2004, 14% of households in the United States, accounting for 16 million households, experienced 1 or more violent or property victimizations as measured by the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). These crimes include rape/sexual assault, robbery, aggravated and simple assault, purse snatching or pocket picking, household burglary, motor vehicle theft, and property theft. In 2004, 3% of households had a member age 12 or older who experienced one or more violent crimes. Simple assault was the type of violent crime sustained by most households. Twelve percent of households experienced one or more property crimes, with theft the most widely sustained. There were no real differences between 2003 and 2004 in the percentage of households experiencing total crimes. Both violent and property crime declined between 1994 and 2004. The percentage of U.S. households experiencing one or more crimes dropped from 25% in 1994 to 14% in 2004."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
Klaus, Patsy A.
2006-04
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Role of Law Enforcement in Public Health Emergencies: Special Considerations for an All-Hazards Approach
"This document will help state and local law enforcement officials and policymakers to understand communicable diseases (including terminology and methods of transmission) and the threat they pose to public health and safety. The document outlines key concerns that law enforcement officials must address in preparation for a virus-caused pandemic and other public health emergencies and identifies issues that may arise in the department's 'all-hazards' approach. The document has three main sections: preparing the department (e.g., maintaining operational continuity); protecting the officers (e.g., educating them about transmission, vaccination, and treatment), and; Protecting the community (e.g., maintaining public order)."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2006-09
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TECH beat [October 1997]
This issue of TECH beat presents articles which highlight recent developments within the U.S. law enforcement community.
United States. Office of Justice Programs
1997-10
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TECH beat [Summer 1998]
In this issue of TECH beat there are three articles which may be relevant to those interested in homeland security. The relevant articles are the following; "Car 54: Where Are You?" and "Product Evaluations: DKL LifeGuard and Myotron 'Checkmate.'"
United States. Office of Justice Programs
1998
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TECH beat [Winter 1998]
In this issue of TECH beat there are three articles which may be relevant to those interested in homeland security. The relevant articles are the following; "Another Man's Treasure" and "X Marks the Spot."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
1998
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Testing Technology: From the Lab to the Field with Facial Recognition
"The facial recognition technology installed in the Prince Georges County Correctional Center is part of a pilot project funded by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), a research agency of DOJ. The project is being conducted by the Department of Defense Counter-Drug Technology Development Program Office at the Dahlgren Division of the Naval Seas Systems Command (NAVSEA). Testing the facial recognition system in an operational facility benefits the facility, technology, developers and the corrections community. Jails benefit from the use of advanced technology by knowing exactly who is in the building. Technical developers benefit from the opportunity to test the equipment in real-life settings. Finally, the community benefits from seeing if and how a technology works in a facility. NIJ also has been instrumental in developing the 'Online Biometrics Catalog'. This tool allows practitioners to search through various available biometric technologies, including facial recognition, to find the best fit for their agencies."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2002-06
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Justice Information Sharing [website]
This is the Justice Information Sharing website of the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Assistance. The site contains information on Global Justice, National Initiatives, Privacy & Civil Liberties and Policy and Implementation.
United States. Office of Justice Programs
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National Youth Gang Survey: 1999-2001
"In 1996, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention launched a series of annual surveys to facilitate analysis of trends in the nature of youth gangs and their activities. This Summary provides results from the 1999, 2000, and 2001 surveys and, when available, preliminary results from the 2002 survey. An estimated 731,500 gang members and more than 21,500 gangs were active in the United States in 2002. This compares with an estimated 846,000 and 30,800, respectively, in 1996. Reports of youth gang problems by law enforcement agencies in rural and suburban counties and in cities with populations of less than 100,000 noticeably declined over initial survey years. Despite these declines, gangs remain a significant problem, particularly in large cities. Every city with a population of 250,000 or more reported the presence of youth gangs in 2002, as they had in every survey."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2006-07
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U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) Implementation Guidance for NIEM-Conformant Exchanges [January 2008]
"The objective of this communication is to provide high level guidance to program managers and architects within the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) and its Component agencies on implementing NIEM-conformant information exchanges; and to further the Department's information sharing strategy. The National Information Exchange Model (NIEM) is the result of a collaborative effort by the justice and homeland security communities to produce a set of common, well-defined data elements to be used as the basis for data exchange development and harmonization. NIEM defines a set of building blocks that are used as a consistent baseline for creating exchange documents and transactions within the Department, the federal government and between the federal government and state, local and tribal organizations. An Information Exchange Package (IEP) is an XML representation of the information shared for a specific business purpose. An Information Exchange Package Documentation (IEPD) is a collection of artifacts (describing the purpose, structure and content of IEPs) that governs an information exchange. A NIEM-conformant information exchange is one that is based on an IEPD that follows the rules for NIEM conformance and is registered in one of the established NIEM IEPD repositories. The rules for NIEM conformance are described in the NIEM Implementation Guidelines document found at http://www.niem.gov/implementationguide.php. The goal of NIEM conformance is for the sender and receiver of information to share a common, unambiguous understanding of the meaning of the information being exchanged. Conformance to NIEM ensures that the data being shared (conveyed in common NIEM components) is well understood and has consistent meaning across various communities. The result enables a level of interoperability to occur that would be unachievable with a proliferation of custom or program- specific schemas and dictionaries."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2008-01
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Electronic Crime Scene Investigation: A Guide for First Responders
"The Internet, computer networks, and automated data systems present an enormous new opportunity for committing criminal activity. Computers and other electronic devices are being used increasingly to commit, enable, or support crimes perpetrated against persons, organizations, or property. Whether the crime involves attacks against computer systems, the information they contain, or more traditional crimes such as murder, money laundering, trafficking, or fraud, electronic evidence increasingly is involved. It is no surprise that law enforcement and criminal justice officials are being overwhelmed by the volume of investigations and prosecutions that involve electronic evidence. To assist State and local law enforcement agencies and prosecutorial offices with the growing volume of electronic crime, a series of reference guides regarding practices, procedures, and decisionmaking processes for investigating electronic crime is being prepared by technical working groups of practitioners and subject matter experts who are knowledgeable about electronic crime. The practitioners and experts are from Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies; criminal justice agencies; offices of prosecutors and district attorneys general; and academic, commercial, and professional organizations. The series of guides will address the investigation process from the crime scene first responder, to the laboratory, to the courtroom. […] Due to the rapidly changing nature of electronic and computer technologies and of electronic crime, efforts will be periodically undertaken to update the information contained within each of the guides."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2001-07
