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Family Resource Guide on International Parental Kidnapping
"Every year, hundreds of children in the United States are victims of international parental kidnapping-- a child's wrongful removal from the United States, or wrongful retention in another country, by a parent or other family member. Parents and other family members left behind may be overwhelmed by feelings of loss, anguish, despair, and anger--as well as confusion and uncertainty about what can be done in response. In December 1999, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention invited a small group of left-behind and searching parents to participate in a planning and development meeting. Each one had experienced first hand the heartbreak of having a child abducted to another country or wrongfully retained abroad. Some of them had recovered their children, while others had not. They willingly shared their knowledge of international parental kidnapping--gained at tremendous personal cost-- to help other parents of abducted children understand what can be done to: [1] Prevent an international parental kidnapping. [2] Stop a kidnapping in progress. [3] Locate a kidnapped or wrongfully retained child in another country. [4] Bring an abductor to justice. [5] Recover a kidnapped or wrongfully retained child from another country. [6] Reestablish access to a child in another country. This guide imparts the group's practical wisdom and the hope that other parents will not have to experience the confusion and discouragement these parents did when it was not clear what to do or whom to turn to when their children were kidnapped. The group offered its suggestions for preventing international kidnapping and gave detailed advice to maximize the chance that children who are kidnapped or wrongfully retained will be returned to this country. The guide provides descriptions and realistic assessments of the civil and criminal remedies available in international parental kidnapping cases. It explains applicable laws and identifies both the public and private resources that may be called on when an international abduction occurs or is threatened. It gives practical advice on overcoming frequently encountered obstacles so that parents can get the help they need. The guide prepares parents for the legal and emotional difficulties they may experience and shares coping and general legal strategies to help them achieve their individual goals, whether they involve recovering a child or reestablishing meaningful access to a child in another country."
United States. Office of Justice Programs; United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
Flores, J. Robert (John Robert), 1959-
2007-01
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Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2006
"This report presents the most recent data available on school crime and student safety. The indicators in this report are based on information drawn from a variety of independent data sources, including national surveys of students, teachers, and principals, and data collections from federal departments and agencies, including BJS, NCES, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The most recent data collection for each indicator varied by survey, from 2003-04 to 2005. Each data source has an independent sample design, data collection method, and questionnaire design or is the result of a universe data collection. All comparisons described in this report are statistically significant at the .05 level. In 2005, the unit response rate for the School Crime Supplement did not meet NCES statistical standards; therefore, interpret the 2005 data from Indicators 3, 8, 10, 11, 16, 17, and 20 with caution. Additional information about methodology and the data sets analyzed in this report may be found in appendix A. This report covers topics such as victimization, fights, bullying, disorder, weapons, student perceptions of school safety, teacher injury, and drugs and alcohol. Indicators of crime and safety are compared across different population subgroups and over time. Data on crimes that occur outside of school grounds are offered as a point of comparison where available."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics; United States. Department of Education; National Center for Education Statistics . . .
2006-12
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Privacy Technology Focus Group: Final Report and Recommendations
This document addresses access and authentication, data aggregation and dissemination, identity theft, and personal safety and protection. "In 2005, the Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA), Office of Justice Programs (OJP), U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), in partnership with DOJ's Global Justice Information Sharing Initiative (Global), and the IJIS Institute (IJIS), chartered a group of public and private sector specialists to focus on privacy technology, charging the group to examine the use and exchange of personally identifiable information (PII) in the context of justice information systems and in the dissemination and aggregation of justice and public safety data. The focus group identified prominent issues in privacy policy and technology, narrowed issues to readily addressable areas, outlined tangible, targeted technology solutions, and developed specific recommendations for action."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2006-09-16
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Privacy, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties: Policy Templates for Justice Information Systems
"The policy templates were developed for use by law enforcement agencies, prosecutors, courts, or other justice system agencies or jurisdictions at the local, state, regional, tribal, territorial, or federal level. The templates were designed to cover a range of computer based justice information systems, including: An incident- or event-based records management system (RMS); An offender-based information system (OBIS) or offender-based tracking system (OBTS); A case management system (CMS) used by an agency or court; An integrated criminal justice information system (often referred to as IJIS or CJIS) supporting the activities of several agencies and related courts; A criminal history record information (CHRI) system; A criminal intelligence gathering system (CIS); A corrections or jail management system (JMS); or a justice information sharing network through which information in one or more of the above systems is shared with users of all systems involved."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2006-09
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Role of Law Enforcement in Public Health Emergencies: Special Considerations for an All-Hazards Approach
"This document will help state and local law enforcement officials and policymakers to understand communicable diseases (including terminology and methods of transmission) and the threat they pose to public health and safety. The document outlines key concerns that law enforcement officials must address in preparation for a virus-caused pandemic and other public health emergencies and identifies issues that may arise in the department's 'all-hazards' approach. The document has three main sections: preparing the department (e.g., maintaining operational continuity); protecting the officers (e.g., educating them about transmission, vaccination, and treatment), and; Protecting the community (e.g., maintaining public order)."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2006-09
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Office of Justice Programs Strategic Plan: Fiscal Years 2007-2012
"The OJP Strategic Plan, covering the timeframe from FY 2007 through FY 2012, describes the underlying issues and situations facing the United States' criminal and justice systems at the state, local, and tribal levels and how OJP is responding to them. It emphasizes the importance of partnerships between OJP and state, local, and tribal governments. Most important, the plan communicates the challenges that OJP faces in prioritizing increasing demands for resources and how it will address these challenges. The OJP Strategic Plan provides a framework to focus funding in order to optimize the return on investment of taxpayer dollars. OJP must adapt the way that it does business in order to have the greatest impact on reducing crime. The changes involve adopting a 'One OJP' orientation that ensures a coordinated approach for addressing cross-cutting issues at the OJP level. These changes also involve placing increased emphasis on providing knowledge, information, and innovation through a 'knowledge-to-practice model'; a research-based approach for providing evidence-based knowledge and tools to meet the challenges of crime and justice. We use this approach to discover and evaluate practices that work, disseminate those practices, and discontinue those that do not work. This OJP Strategic Plan is organized into three chapters. Chapter 1 discusses major challenges and responses confronting state, local, and tribal justice organizations. Chapter 2 presents OJP strategic goals and objectives, strategies, and performance measures. Chapter 3 discusses major management and administration priorities necessary in order to conduct and support the mission."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2006-08-28
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National Youth Gang Survey: 1999-2001
"In 1996, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention launched a series of annual surveys to facilitate analysis of trends in the nature of youth gangs and their activities. This Summary provides results from the 1999, 2000, and 2001 surveys and, when available, preliminary results from the 2002 survey. An estimated 731,500 gang members and more than 21,500 gangs were active in the United States in 2002. This compares with an estimated 846,000 and 30,800, respectively, in 1996. Reports of youth gang problems by law enforcement agencies in rural and suburban counties and in cities with populations of less than 100,000 noticeably declined over initial survey years. Despite these declines, gangs remain a significant problem, particularly in large cities. Every city with a population of 250,000 or more reported the presence of youth gangs in 2002, as they had in every survey."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2006-07
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Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin: Crime and the Nation's Households, 2004
"In 2004, 14% of households in the United States, accounting for 16 million households, experienced 1 or more violent or property victimizations as measured by the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). These crimes include rape/sexual assault, robbery, aggravated and simple assault, purse snatching or pocket picking, household burglary, motor vehicle theft, and property theft. In 2004, 3% of households had a member age 12 or older who experienced one or more violent crimes. Simple assault was the type of violent crime sustained by most households. Twelve percent of households experienced one or more property crimes, with theft the most widely sustained. There were no real differences between 2003 and 2004 in the percentage of households experiencing total crimes. Both violent and property crime declined between 1994 and 2004. The percentage of U.S. households experiencing one or more crimes dropped from 25% in 1994 to 14% in 2004."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
Klaus, Patsy A.
2006-04
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Communications Interoperability: Basics for Practitioners
This brief report gives a high level overview of the challenges of communications interoperability, focusing on frequency and equipment incompatibility. Two possible solutions are discussed: additional spectrum allocation and standards-based equipment.
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2006-03
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Intelligence Database Procedures and Protocols
This document provides information on: criminal intelligence database descriptions, access to the criminal intelligence database, protocols for access, main index entries, dissemination, update of purge or materials, sanctions, monitoring and auditing, disaster preparedness, and changes to protocol.
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2006
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Office of Justice Programs Resource Guide - Fiscal 2006 Edition
This Dept. of Justice (DOJ) resource guide outlines the mission and organization of the Office of Justice Programs (OJP). A description of all OJP programs and support services is included. Fields discussed include: law enforcement, corrections, courts, juvenile justice, substance abuse, terrorism and domestic preparedness, tribal justice, technology to fight crime, and research, statistics, and evaluation.
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2006
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Office of Justice Programs Annual Report to Congress: Fiscal Year 2006
"This Annual Report provides an overview of many of the projects undertaken and led by OJP in an effort to fulfill the vision of providing unparalleled resources to the justice community. These resources represent much more than the invaluable monies allocated by Congress. To ensure that the funds reach those programs most in need and most able to utilize them fully, OJP draws on a wealth of knowledge supported by research and many years of staff experience. OJP employees spend countless hours reaching out to criminal justice organizations to ensure that the funds are used wisely, to further progress in the criminal justice field, and to disseminate information on the best approaches to making America's neighborhoods safer. The information contained in this report provides an accounting of many of these efforts to support and lead criminal justice programming around the country. Several OJP bureaus also provide an annual report to Congress which cumulatively contain a more comprehensive look at OJP programming. This report describes numerous OJP program accomplishments in Fiscal Year 2006, but does not attempt to describe every program."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2006
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Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2005
"A joint effort by the Bureau of Justice Statistics and National Center for Education Statistics, this annual report examines crime occurring in school as well as on the way to and from school. It provides the most current detailed statistical information to inform the Nation on the nature of crime in schools.This report presents data on crime at school from the perspectives of students, teachers, principals, and the general population from an array of sources--the National Crime Victimization Survey, the School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey, the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, the School Survey on Crime and Safety and the School and Staffing Survey. Data on crime away from school are also presented to place school crime in the context of crime in the larger society."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics; National Center for Education Statistics; United States. Department of Education . . .
2005-11
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Privacy and Information: Quality Policy Development for the Justice Decision Maker
"This document introduces the framework for a systematic consideration of privacy and information quality policies and practices within your agency. A companion Privacy Policy Development Guide has been designed by the U.S. Department of Justice's Global Privacy and Information Quality Working Group to assist your team in its efforts to develop or revise agency privacy and information quality policies."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2005-09
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Assessing and Managing the Terrorism Threat
"The continuous threat of terrorism has thrust domestic preparedness obligations to the very top of the law enforcement agenda. For todays law enforcement executive, the capacity to assess and manage risk is imperative. In the post-September 11 era, this capacity must be considered as much a staple of law enforcement operations as crime analysis, criminal intelligence, and crime prevention. The consequences of failing to assess and manage terrorist threats and risk could be incalculable.
Risk assessment and management concepts and methodologies are evolving rapidly. Although models differ in the definition, labeling, and sequencing of steps, there is solid consensus on the essential components. In this monograph, each component is defined and briefly examined. Protocols are supplied to quantify/calculate criticality, threat, vulnerability, and risk. Experience and skill with risk assessment and management are limited in many law enforcement agencies. To assist in reversing this situation, this report supplies capacity-building information that includes promising programs, software, and training references. Capacity 'acquisition' through shared/regional arrangements is not only economically practical for many agencies, it promises to leverage effectiveness for all agencies by pooling and coordinating information and planning joint countermeasures."
United States. Office of Justice Programs; United States. Bureau of Justice Assistance
2005-09
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Developing a Sustainability Plan for Weed and Seed Sites
"The mission of the Community Capacity Development Office (CCDO) is to enable and facilitate local efforts to break the cycle between persistent crime conditions and community deterioration. CCDOs support is intended to stimulate synergistic relationships among community agencies, businesses, and residents to improve the safety, housing, economic, and social environment in designated geographic areas. Given that these circumstances are generally the result of longterm and widespread conditions, meaningful solutions will require efforts that are equally longstanding and multifaceted. Consequently, it is essential that local sites recognize the need to develop commitments and resources that extend beyond the time period that CCDOs funding is available. This publication provides Weed and Seed sites with recommendations for developing and implementing a sustainability plan. Checklists and worksheets have been included to guide the site coordinator and Steering Committee in developing this plan. Ideally, each site should develop a sustainability plan within the first 2 years of becoming a designated Weed and Seed site. Steering Committees for sites that are nearing the end of their Weed and Seed designation but have not developed a plan can use this publication to consider what steps should be taken to successfully identify and integrate the resources needed to support the longterm strategy for the community."
United States. Office of Justice Programs. Community Capacity Development Office
2005-09
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Engaging the Private Sector to Promote Homeland Security: Law Enforcement-Private Security Partnerships
"Since the attacks of September 11, 2001, law enforcement-private security partnerships have been viewed as critical to preventing terrorism and terror-related acts. Because the private sector owns and protects 85 percent of the nations infrastructure, while local law enforcement often possesses threat information regarding infrastructure, law enforcement-private security partnerships can put vital information into the hands of the people who need it. Thus, to effectively protect the nations infrastructure, law enforcement and private security must work collaboratively because neither possesses the necessary resources to do so alone. Police chiefs and sheriffs should consider formalizing relationships with their private security counterparts. Formalization shows both law enforcement and private security employees that the partnership is an organizational priority. Law enforcement-private security partnerships tend to revolve around networking, information sharing, crime prevention, resource sharing, training, legislation, operations, and homeland security and terrorism prevention element. and often overlooked, responsibility. The success of a partnership can often depend on the liaison. The selection of private security personnel for this position can be complicated by a lack of prescreening, standards, and training."
United States. Office of Justice Programs; United States. Bureau of Justice Assistance
2005-09
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Weed and Seed Implementation Manual
"This manual is intended to be an easy-to-read guide for communities attempting to implement a Weed and Seed strategy. It must be provided to each new site that is Officially Recognized or funded by the Community Capacity Development Office (CCDO). This manual is not intended to mandate that everything it discusses must be included in every Weed and Seed site. Rather, it offers the ideal toward which sites should strive. This manual is a tool that has been updated by the CCDO Technical Assistance Division to offer direction and support to your efforts. Use it to enhance your efforts as you initiate new activities."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2005-08
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Identifying Victims Using DNA: A Guide for Families
This brochure aims to assist families in understanding the process of identifying the remains of a victim through DNA analysis. It discusses how the DNA testing is done, now long the process takes, which DNA samples may be used, and why DNA analysis might not work.
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2005-04
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Contacts Between Police and the Public: Findings from the 2002 National Survey
"This publication represents the annual report to the Congress as required by Section 210402 of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, which mandates the collection of data by the Attorney General on the 'use of excessive force by law enforcement officers.' The reports findings are based on the Police- Public Contact Survey (PPCS), a survey designed by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) to document contacts between police and the public that culminated in police using force."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
Durose, Matthew R.; Schmitt, Erica Leah; Langan, Patrick A.
2005-04
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State and Local Law Enforcement Response to Transnational Crime
"This final report was developed by Caliber Associates as part of a project for the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) to identify and provide guidance on the development of tools and strategies to help advance the capacities of state and local law enforcement to identify and respond to transnational crime. The findings provide state and local law enforcement with advice on sound operational practice derived from this research. Prior to this project, NIJ sponsored a national survey of law enforcement practitioners to examine the extent of the transnational crime problem from the perspective of state and local law enforcement, the local resources devoted to transnational crime, perceptions of resource needs, and the extent of cooperation among local, state, federal and foreign law enforcement organizations. Using the results of this survey and new research, this project has identified some 'next steps' to providing local and state law enforcement with tools to identify and respond to transnational crime."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2005-04
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Fusion Center Guidelines: Developing and Sharing Information and Intelligence in a New Era, Guidelines for Establishing and Operating Fusion Centers at the Local, State, and Federal Levels
"The need to develop and share information and intelligence across all levels of government has significantly changed over the last few years. The long-standing information sharing challenges among law enforcement agencies, public safety agencies, and the private sector are slowly disappearing. Yet, the need to identify, prevent, monitor, and respond to terrorist and criminal activities remains a significant need for the law enforcement, intelligence, public safety, and private sector communities. Through the support, expertise, and knowledge of leaders from all entities involved, the fusion center concept can become a reality. Each official has a stake in the development and exchange of information and intelligence and should act as an ambassador to support and further this initiative. It is the responsibility of leadership to implement and adhere to the 'Fusion Center Guidelines'."
United States. Office of Justice Programs; United States. Department of Homeland Security
2005
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Office for Victims of Crime Report to the Nation 2005: Fiscal Years 2003 and 2004
"For more than 20 years, the Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) has remained dedicated to helping victims understand and assert their rights. It has worked tirelessly to give victims a more prominent presence in the criminal justice system, and to help them access the many services available. OVC continues to make a noticeable difference in the victims field by upholding victims' rights and improving services. In Fiscal Years 2003 and 2004, OVC emphasized work on many fronts, including human trafficking, identity theft and fraud, international terrorism, sexual violence, faith-based collaborations, victims' rights and services, and Indian Country. This Report to the Nation 2005 highlights OVC's focus areas from October 1, 2002, to September 30, 2004, and important initiatives that extend into Fiscal Year 2005. The initiatives undertaken in each area support the missions of the Office of Justice Programs, the U.S. Department of Justice, the Attorney General's Management Initiative, and the President's Management Agenda-all of which focus on providing victims with greater access to justice through the enforcement of federal laws, representation of individual rights, and efforts to prevent, reduce, and control crime. As OVC marked the 25th commemoration of National Crime Victims' Rights Week (NCVRW) in April 2005, it also paused to celebrate the legacy of President Ronald W. Reagan. This year's NCVRW observance was dedicated to President Reagan because of his rich legacy in promoting victims' rights and services. In the most fundamental ways, President Reagan gave the field a solid foundation on which it could grow and provided strong leadership."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2005
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Responding to Victims of Terrorism and Mass Violence Crimes: Coordination and Collaboration between American Red Cross Workers and Crime Victim Service Providers
"The American Red Cross (ARC) and the Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) in the U.S. Department of Justice fill critical and complementary roles in assisting victims of terrorism and mass violence. The deceased, survivors, and bereaved family members in these events are victims of a deliberately perpetrated criminal act. As such, they may be eligible for both state and federally legislated services and ARC disaster services. ARC disaster operations are activated based on the results of a disaster, not its cause. ARC assists communities affected by natural disasters, epidemics, transportation accidents, terrorism, weapons of mass destruction, and other hazards. In contrast, OVC and state and local crime victim assistance programs are activated when there is significant indication that a disaster has been caused by a criminal act. When both ARC and crime victim service agencies are involved in a response, thoughtful coordination of each programs efforts facilitates better service to victims and family members."
United States. Office of Justice Programs; United States. Office of Justice Programs. Office for Victims of Crime
2005
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Gaining Insight, Taking Action: Basic Skills for Serving Victims
This document is a companion to the training DVD by the same name. From the introduction: "'Gaining Insight, Taking Action: Basic Skills for Serving Victims' consists of a consolidated DVD and discussion guide produced by OVC to provide broader accessibility to three popular videos and companion guides that were originally released as part of the 2005 National Victim Assistance Academy* curriculum. Now with updated resources and a contemporary format, the DVD and guide remain valuable training tools for a broad range of service providers, criminal and juvenile justice professionals, mental health providers, legal advocates, and other audiences who want to better understand how to communicate effectively with crime victims, the challenges faced by underserved victim populations, and the relationship between substance abuse and victimization. The three original videos and guidebooks include-- 1. 'Listen to My Story: Communicating With Victims of Crime', which covers the basics of communicating with traumatized crime victims in five segments, thus exploring the potential effects of crime on the emotional and psychological well-being of victims. Subjects include how to listen compassionately and how to build trust between victim and service provider. 2. 'Meeting the Needs of Underserved Victims' delves into the challenges faced by underserved victim populations in accessing comprehensive and effective victim services in seven topical segments. These groups include victims with various types of disabilities, victims in isolated communities, inner-city youth, female migrant workers, and victims of hate crimes. 3. 'Substance Abuse and Victimization' offers insights into the previctimization and postvictimization correlations between substance abuse and victimization, covering victims who may turn to drugs or alcohol after a crime or whose vulnerability to victimization may have been increased by their own use of drugs or alcohol. The information is presented in three segments, including the importance of collaboration in assisting these victims."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2005
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Characteristics and Dynamics of Crime Gun Markets: Implications for Supply-Side Focused Enforcement Strategies
"This study aims to assist law enforcement agencies in analyzing the dynamics of illegal markets in firearms by using accessible incident level data on crime gun traces and to develop problem-solving interventions designed to help enforce laws against illegal selling, possession and use of firearms. The study is divided into three parts: an overview of what is known about crime-related gun markets and their federal regulation: an analysis of crime gun trace data and the use of this information-related resource to focus law enforcement investigations and strategies; and an assessment of the potential value of crime-gun information to identify violent offenders and improve community safety."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
Pierce, Glenn L.; Braga, Anthony Allan, 1969-; Koper, Christopher S.
2004-12
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Office of Justice Programs Resource Guide: Fiscal 2005 Edition
"Since its founding in 1984, the Office of Justice Programs (OJP) has provided federal leadership in developing the nation's capacity to prevent and control crime, administer justice, and assist crime victims. It also develops information about crime and its related legal and social implications. OJP's bureaus and offices provide federal leadership and administer federal grants, provide training and technical assistance, support technology development and research, and gather and disseminate statistics. OJP is led by an Assistant Attorney General who ensures that OJP policies and programs reflect the priorities of the President, the Attorney General, and the Congress. The Assistant Attorney General provides leadership and promotes coordination among the major program units within OJP." This document is a list of OJP programs and funding opportunities associated with these programs.
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2005
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Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2004
"This is the seventh edition of 'Indicators of School Crime and Safety,' a joint publication of the Bureau of Justice Statistics and the National Center for Education Statistics. This report provides detailed statistical information to inform the nation on the current status of crime in schools. The 2004 edition of 'Indicators' includes the most recent available data, including data from the 2003 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, the 2002 National Crime Victimization Survey, and the 2003 School Crime Supplement, a survey of our nation's students about their experiences with school crime and safety. The data in this report were compiled from a number of statistical data sources supported by the federal government. Such sources include results from a study of violent deaths in schools, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Education and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; the National Crime Victimization Survey and School Crime Supplement to the survey, sponsored by the Bureau of Justice Statistics and the National Center for Education Statistics, respectively; the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and the Schools and Staffing Survey and School Survey on Crime and Safety, both sponsored by the National Center for Education Statistics."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics; National Center for Education Statistics; United States. Department of Education . . .
DeVoe, Jill F.; Peter, Katharin; Kaufman, Phillip
2004-11
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Community Policing Beyond the Big Cities
"Less than 10 years after the 1994 Crime Act set community-oriented policing in motion, two-thirds of U.S. local police departments and 62 percent of sheriffs offices have full-time personnel performing community policing. Much has been written about community policing in the Nations major cities, but community policing has also been implemented in smaller cities and rural counties. A recent study sponsored by the National Institute of Justice examined community policing in these areas. Researchers worked closely with eight law enforcement agencies in small- to medium-sized cities and surrounding rural districts that were implementing community policing (see Law Enforcement Agencies Studied). The study focused on innovative problem-solving initiatives and how these can progress to more advanced stages of community policing. The study found that strong top-down leadership commitment not only legitimizes community policing in the eyes of line officers, but also fosters innovation that breaks through entrenched local problems."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2004-11
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Framework for Justice Information Sharing: Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) [September 28, 2004]
"The purpose of this report is to describe the recommendation of the Global Justice Information Sharing Initiative (Global) Advisory Committee (GAC) for the design and development of an information system architecture that will support both the operational requirements of justice agencies and the requirements for a national system for information sharing among the justice community. It is intended for the manager and policymaker who are responsible for providing the leadership, resources, and management of the justice community. Technologists are already addressing the questions of design, software, and hardware. The more important issues of how service-oriented architecture (SOA) will serve the business concerns of the justice community must still be confronted. Only the police, prosecutors, public defenders, judges, court managers, probation officers, corrections officers, and their cohorts in relevant fields, who are responsible for leading and managing their agencies, can resolve these issues. It is to them we commend this report."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2004-09-28
