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Police Lineups: Making Eyewitness Identification More Reliable
This journal contains the following articles: "Police Lineups: Making Eyewitness Identification More Reliable" by Beth Schuster, "Sexual Assault: Virtual Training Takes Responders from Exam Room to Courtroom" by Kristina Rose, "Taking the Initiative: Practitioners Who Perform Frontline Research" by Lois A. Tully, PhD., "Through-the-Wall Surveillance: A New Technology for Saving Lives," by Christopher A. Miles, "Major Study Examines Prisoners and Their Reentry Needs," by Christy A. Vischer, PhD. and Pamela K. Lattimore, PhD., and "Forensic Databases: Paint, Shoe Prints, and Beyond," by Robin Bowen and Jessica Schneider.
United States. Office of Justice Programs
Schuster, Beth
2007-10
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Detecting Concealed Weapons: Directions for the Future
"On July 24, 1998, a man entered the U.S. Capitol building in Washington, DC, with a .38-caliber handgun concealed under his clothing. A security check point with a portal weapons-detection system had been established at the entrance of the building. Knowing that his gun would be detected if he walked through the portal, the man stepped around it. Immediately, he was confronted by Jacob Chestnut, one of the Capitol Police officers operating the portal. The man drew his gun and killed Chestnut. He then shot and killed a second officer, John Gibson, before he was stopped.1 Seven years later, on December 5, 2005, a man with a bomb vest under his clothing approached a shopping mall in Netanya, Israel. His behavior alerted police and mall security. When he was confronted outside the mall, the suicide bomber detonated his bomb, killing 5 people and injuring 50.2 Although there has yet to be a suicide bombing in this country, such an attack could happen anywhere-on a bus, at a mall, at the Super Bowl, or at the Academy Awards. It is vital for law enforcement to be able to detect and respond to weapons at a sufficient distance to allow officers to make decisions and take actions that deal safely with the situation. For over a decade, the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) has been working to address this need."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
Tillery, Chris
2007-10
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Major Studies Examines Prisoners and Their Reentry Needs
"Key demographics were recently released from a study of reentry programs under the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI)- a Federal effort to help States use their correctional resources to reduce recidivism.1 Aimed at increasing public safety, SVORI is an unprecedented national response to the criminal justice, employment, education, health, and housing challenges that adult and juvenile offenders face when they return to the community. RTI International, a nonprofit research group, and the Urban Institute, a nonpartisan economic and social policy research organization, are conducting a 5-year evaluation of the effectiveness of the SVORI programs. In the National Institute of Justice-funded evaluation, researchers interviewed prisoners at 16 sites, asking them shortly before they were released what services they felt they would need. Here is a summary of the demographics and responses of the SVORI group (a sample of 935 men who received SVORI services) and the comparison group (923 men who did not receive SVORI services)."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
Visher, Christy A.; Lattimore, Pamela K.
2007-10
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Hate Crime in America: The Debate Continues
"In December 2000, in Brooklyn, New York, Mohammad Awad punched Cham Spear while yelling obscenties and anti-Semitic remarks. In nearby Queens, Nicholas Minucci, a Caucasian, fractured the skull of African American Glenn Moore with a baseball bat and robbed him in June 2005. Witnesses testified that Minucci used a racial slur before and during the attack. In October 1998, near Laramie, Wyoming, Russell Henderson and Aaron McKinney robbed, beat, and tied Matthew Shepard, a gay man, to a fence. Five days after the attack, Shepard died from his injures. In Houston, Texas, David Tuck attacked and sexually assaulted a Hispanic teenager in April 2006. Tuck shouted 'white power' and racial slurs during the attack. Awad and Minucci were each convicted of a hate crime. Wyoming, where Shepard was murdered, does not have a hate-crime statute. Houston authorities did not charge Tuck with a hate crime because the charges against him already carried a life sentence. In many cases, hate may be seen or perceived by the victims, their families, witnesses, and even law enforcement to be the motivation for a crime, but perpetrators may not be charged with a hate crime for a variety of reasons-many of the same reasons that the debate on hate-crime laws continues in this country."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
Shively, Michael; Mulford, Carrie F.
2007-06
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DNA: Critical Issues for Those Who Work With Victims [video]
This short video describes the importance of obtaining DNA samples from victims of crimes. Obtaining DNA is an important part of detaining a suspect and convicting perpetrators.
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2007-04?
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DNA: Critical Issues for Those Who Work With Victims [transcript]
This short transcript describes the importance of obtaining DNA samples from victims of crimes. Obtaining DNA is an important part of detaining a suspect and convicting perpetrators.
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2007-04
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Information Quality: The Foundation for Justice Decision Making
"Technology assistance is now available to law enforcement agencies that are in the process of procuring or updating either a computer-aided dispatch (CAD) system or records management system (RMS). With support from the Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA), Office of Justice Programs (OJP), U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), the Law Enforcement Information Technology Standards Council (LEITSC) announces a technical assistance program that will provide law enforcement agencies with an opportunity to work with the Standard Functional Specifications for Law Enforcement CAD Systems and the Standard Functional Specifications for Law Enforcement RMS. These tools provide significant guidance to agencies developing a request for proposal (RFP) for purchasing or upgrading CAD systems or RMS. The Technology Assistance Program is an opportunity for agencies to obtain technology assistance and consulting services as they adopt standard functional specifications for law enforcement CAD systems or RMS or both or as they implement the Information Exchange Package Documentations (IEPDs) Recent events, such as terrorist threats and catastrophic natural disasters, have revealed a critical need for increasing information sharing capacities across disciplines, jurisdictions, agencies, and geographic areas. As these needs are increasingly addressed by the application of new technologies and cross-agency interaction, it is imperative to also focus on information quality. The justice system depends on information sharing. With the rapid proliferation and evolution of new technologies, increased data sharing requires increased responsibility for information quality to ensure sound justice decision making."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2007-02
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Solutions for Safer Communities: FY 2005 Annual Report to Congress
"The Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) was created in 1984 to further strengthen the nation's criminal justice system and help America's tribal, local, and state governments reduce violence and restore security to their neighborhoods, workplaces, and schools. In fiscal year (FY) 2005, BJA continued to serve as one of the nation's premier resources for justice assistance. The impact of BJA programs and initiatives in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the 5 territories--as well as thousands of local governments, organizations, institutions, and faith-based and community groups--was tremendous and further demonstrated the value of justice resources and efforts. To streamline justice funding and grant administration, BJA administered a blended Byrne Formula and Local Law Enforcement Block Grant program in FY 2005--the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant (JAG) Program. This new program provides local and state jurisdictions with a single funding mechanism and the flexibility to prioritize and place justice funds where they are needed most. As evidenced throughout this report, communities experienced tremendous successes in preventing and combating crime. Supporting these efforts was the JAG Program, which provided more than 1,400 grants totaling almost $500 million dollars. BJA also administered $335 million in State Criminal Alien Assistance Program and Southwest Border Prosecution Initiative funds, $170 million for the Byrne Discretionary Grant Program, nearly $70 million for the Public Safety Officers' Benefits Program, and $40 million for the Drug Court Discretionary Grant Program, just to name a few. BJA clearly demonstrated its commitment to all its program areas, ensuring that crime prevention, law enforcement, counter-terrorism, adjudication, substance abuse, corrections, and justice information sharing programs and initiatives were supported and strengthened at every turn."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2007-02
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Victim Impact: Listen and Learn Facilitator Manual
This curriculum is designed to teach offenders about the impact their behavior has on their victims. This behavior includes violent offenses, property crime, and others. The purpose of the training is to attempt to bring feelings of empathy to offenders and to prevent repeat crimes. "The goal of the curriculum is to educate all participants about victimization and change their attitudes. Classes do not provide intense or confrontive therapy about the offender's behavior or thoughts about his or her particular offenses. Instead, the curriculum lays the groundwork for correctional casework staff to help offenders apply their new knowledge to their specific victimizing behaviors. General screening criteria include acceptable behavior in classroom and group settings; ability to process information; and absence of severe mental health issues."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2007?
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Victim Impact: Listen and Learn Participant Workbook
This curriculum is designed to teach offenders about the impact their behavior has on their victims. This behavior includes violent offenses, property crime, and others. The purpose of the training is to attempt to bring feelings of empathy to offenders and to prevent repeat crimes. "Welcome to Victim Impact: Listen and Learn. This program helps you to learn about the impact of crime on victims. You will have opportunities to learn information and skills that benefit you. The program challenges you to begin to focus on other people . . . people you have harmed. This is not a class about sentencing laws or offender rights. The focus is on victims. Although you may already think about the people that you have victimized, you may not know what it feels like to be victimized yourself. During this program, you will participate in activities, watch videos, and hear victims speak. You will see and hear directly from victims about how their lives have changed. This program consists of 13 units, built around 10 core crime topics: property crime, assault, robbery, hate and bias, gang violence, sexual assault, child abuse and neglect, domestic violence, drunk and impaired driving, and homicide. Each unit will take approximately 2.5 hours to complete. In this first session, I will explain what the program is all about and go over the program objectives and ground rules for participating. I'll have you sign the class contract and take a pretest, which will be administered again at the end of the program. The second class will introduce the concept of victim impact through class discussion and a series of group activities."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2007?
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Family Resource Guide on International Parental Kidnapping
"Every year, hundreds of children in the United States are victims of international parental kidnapping-- a child's wrongful removal from the United States, or wrongful retention in another country, by a parent or other family member. Parents and other family members left behind may be overwhelmed by feelings of loss, anguish, despair, and anger--as well as confusion and uncertainty about what can be done in response. In December 1999, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention invited a small group of left-behind and searching parents to participate in a planning and development meeting. Each one had experienced first hand the heartbreak of having a child abducted to another country or wrongfully retained abroad. Some of them had recovered their children, while others had not. They willingly shared their knowledge of international parental kidnapping--gained at tremendous personal cost-- to help other parents of abducted children understand what can be done to: [1] Prevent an international parental kidnapping. [2] Stop a kidnapping in progress. [3] Locate a kidnapped or wrongfully retained child in another country. [4] Bring an abductor to justice. [5] Recover a kidnapped or wrongfully retained child from another country. [6] Reestablish access to a child in another country. This guide imparts the group's practical wisdom and the hope that other parents will not have to experience the confusion and discouragement these parents did when it was not clear what to do or whom to turn to when their children were kidnapped. The group offered its suggestions for preventing international kidnapping and gave detailed advice to maximize the chance that children who are kidnapped or wrongfully retained will be returned to this country. The guide provides descriptions and realistic assessments of the civil and criminal remedies available in international parental kidnapping cases. It explains applicable laws and identifies both the public and private resources that may be called on when an international abduction occurs or is threatened. It gives practical advice on overcoming frequently encountered obstacles so that parents can get the help they need. The guide prepares parents for the legal and emotional difficulties they may experience and shares coping and general legal strategies to help them achieve their individual goals, whether they involve recovering a child or reestablishing meaningful access to a child in another country."
United States. Office of Justice Programs; United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
Flores, J. Robert (John Robert), 1959-
2007-01
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Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2006
"This report presents the most recent data available on school crime and student safety. The indicators in this report are based on information drawn from a variety of independent data sources, including national surveys of students, teachers, and principals, and data collections from federal departments and agencies, including BJS, NCES, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The most recent data collection for each indicator varied by survey, from 2003-04 to 2005. Each data source has an independent sample design, data collection method, and questionnaire design or is the result of a universe data collection. All comparisons described in this report are statistically significant at the .05 level. In 2005, the unit response rate for the School Crime Supplement did not meet NCES statistical standards; therefore, interpret the 2005 data from Indicators 3, 8, 10, 11, 16, 17, and 20 with caution. Additional information about methodology and the data sets analyzed in this report may be found in appendix A. This report covers topics such as victimization, fights, bullying, disorder, weapons, student perceptions of school safety, teacher injury, and drugs and alcohol. Indicators of crime and safety are compared across different population subgroups and over time. Data on crimes that occur outside of school grounds are offered as a point of comparison where available."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics; United States. Department of Education; National Center for Education Statistics . . .
2006-12
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Privacy Technology Focus Group: Final Report and Recommendations
This document addresses access and authentication, data aggregation and dissemination, identity theft, and personal safety and protection. "In 2005, the Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA), Office of Justice Programs (OJP), U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), in partnership with DOJ's Global Justice Information Sharing Initiative (Global), and the IJIS Institute (IJIS), chartered a group of public and private sector specialists to focus on privacy technology, charging the group to examine the use and exchange of personally identifiable information (PII) in the context of justice information systems and in the dissemination and aggregation of justice and public safety data. The focus group identified prominent issues in privacy policy and technology, narrowed issues to readily addressable areas, outlined tangible, targeted technology solutions, and developed specific recommendations for action."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2006-09-16
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Privacy, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties: Policy Templates for Justice Information Systems
"The policy templates were developed for use by law enforcement agencies, prosecutors, courts, or other justice system agencies or jurisdictions at the local, state, regional, tribal, territorial, or federal level. The templates were designed to cover a range of computer based justice information systems, including: An incident- or event-based records management system (RMS); An offender-based information system (OBIS) or offender-based tracking system (OBTS); A case management system (CMS) used by an agency or court; An integrated criminal justice information system (often referred to as IJIS or CJIS) supporting the activities of several agencies and related courts; A criminal history record information (CHRI) system; A criminal intelligence gathering system (CIS); A corrections or jail management system (JMS); or a justice information sharing network through which information in one or more of the above systems is shared with users of all systems involved."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2006-09
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Role of Law Enforcement in Public Health Emergencies: Special Considerations for an All-Hazards Approach
"This document will help state and local law enforcement officials and policymakers to understand communicable diseases (including terminology and methods of transmission) and the threat they pose to public health and safety. The document outlines key concerns that law enforcement officials must address in preparation for a virus-caused pandemic and other public health emergencies and identifies issues that may arise in the department's 'all-hazards' approach. The document has three main sections: preparing the department (e.g., maintaining operational continuity); protecting the officers (e.g., educating them about transmission, vaccination, and treatment), and; Protecting the community (e.g., maintaining public order)."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2006-09
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Office of Justice Programs Strategic Plan: Fiscal Years 2007-2012
"The OJP Strategic Plan, covering the timeframe from FY 2007 through FY 2012, describes the underlying issues and situations facing the United States' criminal and justice systems at the state, local, and tribal levels and how OJP is responding to them. It emphasizes the importance of partnerships between OJP and state, local, and tribal governments. Most important, the plan communicates the challenges that OJP faces in prioritizing increasing demands for resources and how it will address these challenges. The OJP Strategic Plan provides a framework to focus funding in order to optimize the return on investment of taxpayer dollars. OJP must adapt the way that it does business in order to have the greatest impact on reducing crime. The changes involve adopting a 'One OJP' orientation that ensures a coordinated approach for addressing cross-cutting issues at the OJP level. These changes also involve placing increased emphasis on providing knowledge, information, and innovation through a 'knowledge-to-practice model'; a research-based approach for providing evidence-based knowledge and tools to meet the challenges of crime and justice. We use this approach to discover and evaluate practices that work, disseminate those practices, and discontinue those that do not work. This OJP Strategic Plan is organized into three chapters. Chapter 1 discusses major challenges and responses confronting state, local, and tribal justice organizations. Chapter 2 presents OJP strategic goals and objectives, strategies, and performance measures. Chapter 3 discusses major management and administration priorities necessary in order to conduct and support the mission."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2006-08-28
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National Youth Gang Survey: 1999-2001
"In 1996, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention launched a series of annual surveys to facilitate analysis of trends in the nature of youth gangs and their activities. This Summary provides results from the 1999, 2000, and 2001 surveys and, when available, preliminary results from the 2002 survey. An estimated 731,500 gang members and more than 21,500 gangs were active in the United States in 2002. This compares with an estimated 846,000 and 30,800, respectively, in 1996. Reports of youth gang problems by law enforcement agencies in rural and suburban counties and in cities with populations of less than 100,000 noticeably declined over initial survey years. Despite these declines, gangs remain a significant problem, particularly in large cities. Every city with a population of 250,000 or more reported the presence of youth gangs in 2002, as they had in every survey."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2006-07
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Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin: Crime and the Nation's Households, 2004
"In 2004, 14% of households in the United States, accounting for 16 million households, experienced 1 or more violent or property victimizations as measured by the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). These crimes include rape/sexual assault, robbery, aggravated and simple assault, purse snatching or pocket picking, household burglary, motor vehicle theft, and property theft. In 2004, 3% of households had a member age 12 or older who experienced one or more violent crimes. Simple assault was the type of violent crime sustained by most households. Twelve percent of households experienced one or more property crimes, with theft the most widely sustained. There were no real differences between 2003 and 2004 in the percentage of households experiencing total crimes. Both violent and property crime declined between 1994 and 2004. The percentage of U.S. households experiencing one or more crimes dropped from 25% in 1994 to 14% in 2004."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
Klaus, Patsy A.
2006-04
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Communications Interoperability: Basics for Practitioners
This brief report gives a high level overview of the challenges of communications interoperability, focusing on frequency and equipment incompatibility. Two possible solutions are discussed: additional spectrum allocation and standards-based equipment.
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2006-03
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Intelligence Database Procedures and Protocols
This document provides information on: criminal intelligence database descriptions, access to the criminal intelligence database, protocols for access, main index entries, dissemination, update of purge or materials, sanctions, monitoring and auditing, disaster preparedness, and changes to protocol.
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2006
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Office of Justice Programs Resource Guide - Fiscal 2006 Edition
This Dept. of Justice (DOJ) resource guide outlines the mission and organization of the Office of Justice Programs (OJP). A description of all OJP programs and support services is included. Fields discussed include: law enforcement, corrections, courts, juvenile justice, substance abuse, terrorism and domestic preparedness, tribal justice, technology to fight crime, and research, statistics, and evaluation.
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2006
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Office of Justice Programs Annual Report to Congress: Fiscal Year 2006
"This Annual Report provides an overview of many of the projects undertaken and led by OJP in an effort to fulfill the vision of providing unparalleled resources to the justice community. These resources represent much more than the invaluable monies allocated by Congress. To ensure that the funds reach those programs most in need and most able to utilize them fully, OJP draws on a wealth of knowledge supported by research and many years of staff experience. OJP employees spend countless hours reaching out to criminal justice organizations to ensure that the funds are used wisely, to further progress in the criminal justice field, and to disseminate information on the best approaches to making America's neighborhoods safer. The information contained in this report provides an accounting of many of these efforts to support and lead criminal justice programming around the country. Several OJP bureaus also provide an annual report to Congress which cumulatively contain a more comprehensive look at OJP programming. This report describes numerous OJP program accomplishments in Fiscal Year 2006, but does not attempt to describe every program."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2006
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Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2005
"A joint effort by the Bureau of Justice Statistics and National Center for Education Statistics, this annual report examines crime occurring in school as well as on the way to and from school. It provides the most current detailed statistical information to inform the Nation on the nature of crime in schools.This report presents data on crime at school from the perspectives of students, teachers, principals, and the general population from an array of sources--the National Crime Victimization Survey, the School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey, the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, the School Survey on Crime and Safety and the School and Staffing Survey. Data on crime away from school are also presented to place school crime in the context of crime in the larger society."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics; National Center for Education Statistics; United States. Department of Education . . .
2005-11
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Privacy and Information: Quality Policy Development for the Justice Decision Maker
"This document introduces the framework for a systematic consideration of privacy and information quality policies and practices within your agency. A companion Privacy Policy Development Guide has been designed by the U.S. Department of Justice's Global Privacy and Information Quality Working Group to assist your team in its efforts to develop or revise agency privacy and information quality policies."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2005-09
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Assessing and Managing the Terrorism Threat
"The continuous threat of terrorism has thrust domestic preparedness obligations to the very top of the law enforcement agenda. For todays law enforcement executive, the capacity to assess and manage risk is imperative. In the post-September 11 era, this capacity must be considered as much a staple of law enforcement operations as crime analysis, criminal intelligence, and crime prevention. The consequences of failing to assess and manage terrorist threats and risk could be incalculable.
Risk assessment and management concepts and methodologies are evolving rapidly. Although models differ in the definition, labeling, and sequencing of steps, there is solid consensus on the essential components. In this monograph, each component is defined and briefly examined. Protocols are supplied to quantify/calculate criticality, threat, vulnerability, and risk. Experience and skill with risk assessment and management are limited in many law enforcement agencies. To assist in reversing this situation, this report supplies capacity-building information that includes promising programs, software, and training references. Capacity 'acquisition' through shared/regional arrangements is not only economically practical for many agencies, it promises to leverage effectiveness for all agencies by pooling and coordinating information and planning joint countermeasures."
United States. Office of Justice Programs; United States. Bureau of Justice Assistance
2005-09
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Developing a Sustainability Plan for Weed and Seed Sites
"The mission of the Community Capacity Development Office (CCDO) is to enable and facilitate local efforts to break the cycle between persistent crime conditions and community deterioration. CCDOs support is intended to stimulate synergistic relationships among community agencies, businesses, and residents to improve the safety, housing, economic, and social environment in designated geographic areas. Given that these circumstances are generally the result of longterm and widespread conditions, meaningful solutions will require efforts that are equally longstanding and multifaceted. Consequently, it is essential that local sites recognize the need to develop commitments and resources that extend beyond the time period that CCDOs funding is available. This publication provides Weed and Seed sites with recommendations for developing and implementing a sustainability plan. Checklists and worksheets have been included to guide the site coordinator and Steering Committee in developing this plan. Ideally, each site should develop a sustainability plan within the first 2 years of becoming a designated Weed and Seed site. Steering Committees for sites that are nearing the end of their Weed and Seed designation but have not developed a plan can use this publication to consider what steps should be taken to successfully identify and integrate the resources needed to support the longterm strategy for the community."
United States. Office of Justice Programs. Community Capacity Development Office
2005-09
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Engaging the Private Sector to Promote Homeland Security: Law Enforcement-Private Security Partnerships
"Since the attacks of September 11, 2001, law enforcement-private security partnerships have been viewed as critical to preventing terrorism and terror-related acts. Because the private sector owns and protects 85 percent of the nations infrastructure, while local law enforcement often possesses threat information regarding infrastructure, law enforcement-private security partnerships can put vital information into the hands of the people who need it. Thus, to effectively protect the nations infrastructure, law enforcement and private security must work collaboratively because neither possesses the necessary resources to do so alone. Police chiefs and sheriffs should consider formalizing relationships with their private security counterparts. Formalization shows both law enforcement and private security employees that the partnership is an organizational priority. Law enforcement-private security partnerships tend to revolve around networking, information sharing, crime prevention, resource sharing, training, legislation, operations, and homeland security and terrorism prevention element. and often overlooked, responsibility. The success of a partnership can often depend on the liaison. The selection of private security personnel for this position can be complicated by a lack of prescreening, standards, and training."
United States. Office of Justice Programs; United States. Bureau of Justice Assistance
2005-09
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Weed and Seed Implementation Manual
"This manual is intended to be an easy-to-read guide for communities attempting to implement a Weed and Seed strategy. It must be provided to each new site that is Officially Recognized or funded by the Community Capacity Development Office (CCDO). This manual is not intended to mandate that everything it discusses must be included in every Weed and Seed site. Rather, it offers the ideal toward which sites should strive. This manual is a tool that has been updated by the CCDO Technical Assistance Division to offer direction and support to your efforts. Use it to enhance your efforts as you initiate new activities."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2005-08
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Identifying Victims Using DNA: A Guide for Families
This brochure aims to assist families in understanding the process of identifying the remains of a victim through DNA analysis. It discusses how the DNA testing is done, now long the process takes, which DNA samples may be used, and why DNA analysis might not work.
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2005-04
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Contacts Between Police and the Public: Findings from the 2002 National Survey
"This publication represents the annual report to the Congress as required by Section 210402 of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, which mandates the collection of data by the Attorney General on the 'use of excessive force by law enforcement officers.' The reports findings are based on the Police- Public Contact Survey (PPCS), a survey designed by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) to document contacts between police and the public that culminated in police using force."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
Durose, Matthew R.; Schmitt, Erica Leah; Langan, Patrick A.
2005-04
