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Techniques for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings
"The primary purpose of this document is to provide a selected compilation of seismic rehabilitation techniques that are practical and effective. The descriptions of techniques include detailing and constructability tips that might not be otherwise available to engineering offices or individual structural engineers who have limited experience in seismic rehabilitation of existing buildings. A secondary purpose is to provide guidance on which techniques are commonly used to mitigate specific seismic deficiencies in various model building types. This document supersedes FEMA 172, NEHRP [National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program] Handbook of Techniques for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings, which was published in 1992."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States. General Services Administration; National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (U.S.)
2006-10
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National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program: Fiscal Year 1983 Activities, Report to the United States Congress
From the Introduction: "The National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) was established by the United States Congress in 1977 to reduce the risks of life and property from future earthquakes in the United States. The Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977 (Public Law 95-124) directed the President 'to establish and maintain an effective earthquake hazards reduction program.' The Congress recognized that earthquakes pose perhaps the greatest single-event natural hazard faced by the Nation. An earthquake can affect hundreds of thousands of square miles, can cause damage to property measured in the tens of billions of dollars, can cause loss of life and injury to tens of thousands of persons, and can disrupt the social and economic function of the affected area, and potentially, of the entire Nation. The Congress concluded that losses and disruption caused by earthquakes could be substantially reduced through the development and implementation of earthquake hazards reduction measures."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; Geological Survey (U.S.); National Science Foundation (U.S.) . . .
Schnell, Mary L.; Herd, Darrell G.
1984?
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After-Action Report: Salem and Hope Creek Nuclear Generating Station [May 17, 2016]
From the Executive Summary: "On May 17, 2016, a full-scale Plume Exposure Pathway exercise was demonstrated and evaluated for the Delaware portion of the 10 Mile Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ) around the Salem and Hope Creek Generating Station (SHCNGS) by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Region III. The station is located in New Jersey, FEMA Region 2 evaluated the portion of the exercise conducted in New Jersey. The previous full-scale exercise at this site was evaluated on May 20, 2014."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency. Radiological Emergency Preparedness Division
2016-06-21
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Hurricanes...Unleashing Nature's Fury: A Preparedness Guide (Revised August 2001)
"The term hurricane has its origin in the indigenous religions of old civilizations. The Mayan storm god was named Hunraken. A god considered evil by the Taino people of the Caribbean was called Huracan. Hurricanes may not be considered evil but they are one of natures most powerful storms. Their potential for loss of life and destruction of property is tremendous. Those in hurricane-prone areas need to be prepared for hurricanes and tropical storms. Even inland areas, well away from the coastline, can experience destructive winds, tornadoes and floods from tropical storms and hurricanes."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; United States. National Weather Service
2001-08
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Hurricane Isabel Assessment: Review of Hurricane Evacuation Study Products and Other Aspects of the National Hurricane Mitigation and Preparedness Program (NHMPP) in the Context of the Hurricane Isabel Response
"Before Hurricane Isabel, comprehensive hurricane evacuation studies had been completed for North Carolina, Virginia and Maryland. Since Isabel directly affected areas where previous study data were available, there was an opportunity to find out whether previous information collected was accurate, how well products were utilized from past studies, and what improvements could still be made. This report addresses information on behavioral characteristics of evacuees, public shelters, evacuation decisions and transportation clearance times."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; United States. Army. Corps of Engineers
2005-03
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Hurricane Lili Post Storm Assessment with Effects from Tropical Storm Isidore: Review of Hurricane Evacuation Studies Utilization and Information Dissemination
"Before Hurricane Lili and Tropical Storm Isidore, comprehensive hurricane evacuation studies had been completed for Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas. Since these storms directly affected areas where previous study data were available, there was an opportunity to find out whether previous information collected was accurate, how well products were utilized from past studies, and what improvements could still be made. This report addresses information on behavioral characteristics of evacuees, public shelters, evacuation decisions and transportation clearance times."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; United States. Army. Corps of Engineers
Post, Buckley, Schuh and Jernigan, Inc.
2003-12
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Hurricane Georges Assessment: Review of Hurricane Evacuation Studies Utilization and Information Dissemination
"Before Hurricane Georges, a comprehensive hurricane evacuation study had been done for many of the impacted areas. Since Georges directly affected areas where previous study data were available, there was an opportunity to find out whether previous information collected was accurate, how well products were utilized from past studies, and what improvements could still be made. This report addresses information on behavioral characteristics of evacuees, public shelters, evacuation decisions and transportation clearance times."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; United States. Army. Corps of Engineers
1999-08
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Hurricane Bonnie Assessment: Review of Hurricane Evacuation Studies Utilization and Information Dissemination
"Before Hurricane Bonnie, several hurricane evacuation restudies had been done in both North and South Carolina. Since Bonnie directly affected areas where previous study data were available, there was an opportunity to find out whether previous information collected was accurate, how well products were utilized from past studies, and what improvements could still be made. This report addresses information on behavioral characteristics of evacuees, shelter issues, transportation clearance times, and evacuation decisions."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; United States. Army. Corps of Engineers
1999-04
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Hurricane Katrina (OR-2 DMAT) After Action Report: New Orleans Airport, August 31-September 10, 2005
"On August 30, 2005 OR-2 DMAT [Oregon -2 Disaster Medical Assistance Team] was activated to respond to Hurricane Katrina relief efforts. (Prior to activation, the team sent 8 members to augment WA-1 DMAT, which was staged in Houston, Texas prior to the hurricane making landfall.) On August 31, the team was sent to Houston, Texas where it staged and departed the next day for Baton Rouge, Louisiana. (OR-2's cache departed on August 31 from Portland, Oregon in three trucks, with 6 team drivers, with an estimated arrival time for 4 to 5 days.) The team arrived at the New Orleans International Airport at approximately 1330 hours on September 1, 2005 and immediately started treating patients. Three Type I DMAT teams were already at the location delivering medical care. The team encountered an overwhelming demand for patient assessment and treatment during the next four days. Many of the medical personnel on site were extremely fatigued. Some of the previous teams were working up to 60 hours without any sleep. Supplies of both food and water were in short supply and the power had only recently been restored to the facility."
United States. Department of Homeland Security; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; National Disaster Medical System (U.S.)
Miller, Dr. Helen; McNamara, Joel; Jui, Dr. Jon
2005-09-25
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Hurricane Isabel Assessment: Appendix E - State Goals, Objectives and Priorities for the National Hurricane Mitigation and Preparedness Program
This appendix to the "Hurricane Isabel Assessment: Review of Hurricane Evacuation Study Products and Other Aspects of the National Hurricane Mitigation and Preparedness Program (NHMPP) in the Context of the Hurricane Isabel Response" contains a list of the five main goals and related objectives for the National Hurricane Mitigation and Preparedness Program.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States. Army. Corps of Engineers; United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
2005-03
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Hurricane Isabel Assessment: Appendix A - Meeting Attendees / Persons Providing Input
This appendix to the "Hurricane Isabel Assessment: Review of Hurricane Evacuation Study Products and Other Aspects of the National Hurricane Mitigation and Preparedness Program (NHMPP) in the Context of the Hurricane Isabel Response" is a list of persons providing input to the study.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; United States. Army. Corps of Engineers
2005-03
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Watch Out... Storms Ahead! Owlie Skywarn's Weather Book
This document is meant to help children in learning warnings about hurricanes, tornadoes, lightning, floods and winter storms so that they stay safe. This document also has preparedness measures they can help their parents make in case of a weather emergency.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; American Red Cross; United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . . .
2004-07-21?
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Executive Summary of the 2004 Hurricane Season Post Storm Assessment of the National Hurricane Study Products
"Post storm assessments serve as an avenue for FEMA to verify product results and data provided to emergency management through the Hurricane Evacuation Study (HES) Program. They also guide future enhancements to insure effective hurricane evacuation and logistical decision-making techniques. Emergency Management at all levels depends upon the evacuation decision assistance tools produced by the NHP, and the post storm assessment is the key component designed to improve those products. The purpose of the Hurricane assessments is to evaluate the performance of existing National Hurricane Program (NHP) evacuation decision assistance products and program initiatives for emergency management at all levels, and to direct future NHP preparedness, training, and public awareness activities based on detailed post storm Transportation, Behavioral, Shelter, Evacuation Decision Making Analyses and impact assessments. The post storm assessment is a vital tool that allows the NHP to calibrate, correct, and improve models and products that serve as primary decision assistance tools for emergency managers."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States. Army. Corps of Engineers; United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
2005-11
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Opportunities for Expanding and Improving: Climate Information and Services for the Public
From the Introduction: "The impacts of climate change are being felt across the United States and around the world, as documented through robust and sustained science and felt through lived experiences. Because the pace of climate change has accelerated and the impacts can be devastating, an unprecedented effort is needed to better inform society's preparedness for, and resilience and response to, current and future changes. Meeting this challenge requires significant new scientific efforts, a whole-of-government approach, collaboration across science and mission agencies, partnerships with the private sector, and sustained engagement with diverse information users to align climate services with decision needs. This report responds to President Biden's January 2021 Executive Order 14008, Section 211(d) part one[.] [...] The report draws on the strengths of NOAA [U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration] as an agency that serves as an authoritative provider of climate science and services, FEMA as an agency working to enhance preparedness for, response to, and recovery from climate-related hazards, and OSTP [White House Office of Science and Technology Policy] as the White House office that coordinates broad interagency science and technology initiatives and associated policies. The report also draws on capabilities and examples from across the U.S. Government--from the Federal climate-science agencies that provide valuable information to the agencies who apply this information as they work on the ground with stakeholders to address climate-related threats."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States. Office of Science and Technology Policy; United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
2021-10
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Healthcare Facilities and Power Outages: Guidance for State, Local, Tribal, Territorial, and Private Sector Partners
From the Introduction: "This document provides guidance and resources on improving healthcare facility resilience to power outages. Resilience is the backbone of emergency management. The Nation's ability to weather storms and disasters without experiencing loss significantly reduces our risk. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) developed this guide in collaboration with, and support from, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' (HHS) Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR) and other partners to meet, in part, the requirements of Section 1208 of the Disaster Recovery Reform Act. This document informs state, local, tribal, and territorial governments, first responders, utility companies, and healthcare facilities on: [1] Healthcare facility preparedness standards and challenges; [2] Ways to integrate emergency preparedness efforts throughout the whole community; and [3] Methods for prioritizing assistance to hospitals, nursing homes, and other long-term care facilities during power outages."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response
2019-08
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Healthcare Capacity Building: Alternative Care Sites and Federal Medical Stations
From the Document: "Alternate Care Sites (ACS) are buildings or structures of opportunity converted to provide additional capacity and capability for healthcare delivery outside the walls of a traditional, established healthcare institution. All ACS options need to be considered for increasing healthcare capacity and capability during this pandemic."
United States. Department of Homeland Security; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2020-04-20
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Japan Earthquake and Tsunami and What They Mean for the U.S.
"The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the multi-agency National
Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) joins with the rest of the United States and
indeed the rest of the world in expressing our concern to the Japanese people as they recover
from their historic magnitude 9.0 earthquake and resulting tsunami. Our thoughts and prayers go
out to all who were affected by this ongoing tragedy.
Immediately after the earthquake, NOAA's [National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration] Pacific Tsunami Warning Center and West Coast
and Alaska Tsunami Warning Center both issued tsunami warnings for Hawaii, the U.S. West
Coast, Alaska and the island territories in the Pacific. Fortunately, the tsunami generated by this
earthquake which hit Hawaii and the West Coast caused relatively minor damage that was
generally limited to beach front and harbor facilities. However, past tsunamis have been far
worse, and the caution shown by Federal, State and local officials was certainly warranted. One
only has to look back to 1960, when an earthquake in Chile resulted in a 35 ft tsunami in Hilo,
Hawaii that killed 61 people to see that their caution was justified."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (U.S.); National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program (U.S.)
Mahoney, Michael
2011-03-17
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Procedures for Developing Multi-Period Response Spectra at Non-Conterminous United States Sites
From the Purpose: "The purpose of this study is to complement proposals to the Provisions Update Committee of the Building Seismic Safety Council that would incorporate multi-period response spectra (MPRS) in the 2020 edition of the 'NEHRP [National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program] Recommended Seismic Provisions for New Buildings and Other Structures' (2020 NEHRP 'Provisions') and related proposals to the ASCE [American Society of Civil Engineers] 7-22 Seismic Subcommittee of the American Society of Civil Engineers for incorporation of MPRS in the ASCE Standard, ASCE/SEI [Structural Engineering Institute] 7-22, 'Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures' (ASCE 7-22). Ultimately, the intent is that the proposed MPRS and related design requirements of ASCE 7-22 would be adopted, by reference, as part of the '2024 International Building Code' (2024 IBC)."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (U.S.); Geological Survey (U.S.)
2020-08
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SAVER Summary: Ports at Night, Seeing with Hand-Held Intensifiers [March 2007]
"Given the growth in demand and importance of night vision in the law enforcement community, the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center (SPAWARSYSCEN), Charleston assessed Image-Intensified (I2) Night Vision Devices (NVDs) with the assistance of the Texas A&M University Engineering Program Office. This assessment and validation project used the input and assistance of various emergency responders, law enforcement, and security organizations to examine hand-held products in a maritime port environment. The result of this assessment, intended for the emergency responder community, is equally applicable to other agencies and is built on extensive law enforcement experience and background on current hand-held I2 technologies, capabilities, and limitations. […] The Ports at Night, Seeing With Hand-Held Intensifiers Report presents findings from an assessment of four Gen-3 I2 hand-held intensifiers. The intensifiers were evaluated in field assessments in order to provide information to assist emergency responders interested in purchasing these devices. The overall assessment revealed the differences in hand-held intensifiers by comparing them using a set of functional and operational criteria."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; System Assessment and Validation for Emergency Responders (SAVER); United States. Department of Homeland Security
2007-03
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DHS/DOJ Fusion Process Technical Assistance Program and Services: Considerations for Fusion Center and Emergency Operations Center Coordination: Comprehensive Preparedness Guide (CPG) 502 [DRAFT]
"In order for there to be successful interfacing and cooperation between fusion centers and emergency operations centers (EOCs), a familiarity should be built with each other's roles and capabilities. In addition to understanding roles and capabilities, it is imperative that the two develop a solid relationship in order to effectively work together to achieve the objectives of each. The relationships forged between these two entities will allow them to have continuous, meaningful contacts which will enhance their ability to share information and intelligence regardless of the activation status of the EOC. Policies on how they will interact should grow out of mutual trust and respect, paving the way for effective operations in steady state and emergency operations. In addition to formalizing a relationship through development of a joint concept of operations, standard operating procedures should be created, reviewed and updated to define the roles of each entity on a daily basis and during periods of activation. Familiarization with and definition of the processes for information flow is only the beginning of the relationship. Both the fusion center and the EOC should make it a part of their concept of operations (CONOPS) and standard operating procedures (SOPs) to ensure continuous contact and exchange of information to improve public safety across the prevention, protection, response and recovery mission areas. This planning guide focuses on this critical partnership and the exchange of information between these entities."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States. Department of Homeland Security; United States. Department of Justice. Global Justice Information Sharing Initiative
2009-09
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Homeowner's and Renter's Guide to Mold Cleanup After Disasters
"Cleaning up after a flood can pose health risks. You and your family should wait to re-enter your home until professionals tell you it is safe, with no structural, electrical or other hazards. Before you start cleanup activities, contact your insurance company and take pictures of the home and your belongings. Remember - drying your home and removing water-damaged items is your most important step for preventing mold damage."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); United States. Environmental Protection Agency; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency . . .
2015-06
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Firefighter Fatalities in the United States in 2018
From the Introduction: "This report continues a series of annual studies began in 1986 by the USFA [U.S. Fire Administration] of on-duty firefighter fatalities in the U.S. The specific objective of this study is to identify all on-duty firefighter fatalities that occurred in the U.S. and its territories in 2018 and to analyze the circumstances surrounding each occurrence. The study is intended to help identify approaches that could reduce the number of firefighter deaths in future years."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Department of Homeland Security; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency . . .
2019-09
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Embracing the River: Smart Growth Strategies for Assisting in Cedar Rapids' Recovery
From the Introduction: "In January 2009, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) entered into an Interagency Agreement to supplement FEMA's Long-Term Community Recovery (LTCR) activities in Iowa and provide technical assistance to help communities recover from the June 2008 floods and tornadoes. Between March 2009 and May 2010, six communities in Iowa--New Hartford, Iowa City, Cedar Rapids, Cedar Falls, Coralville, and Waverly--received assistance through this interagency agreement. Outcomes from this partnership include strategies tailored to the specific recovery efforts in each of the six communities, a model for collaborative work between EPA and FEMA, and the transfer of technical expertise on smart growth approaches and long-term recovery across the two agencies. This report describes the technical assistance with the city of Cedar Rapids. Staff from EPA headquarters, FEMA, Rebuild Iowa Office (RIO), the Iowa Department of Economic Development, and EPA Region 7 convened local leaders to explore options for stabilizing neighborhoods affected by the flooding and to address barriers to creating neighborhoods that support compact development patterns with a mix of land uses. The city sought to address how existing land development patterns contributed to the occurrence of flooding in certain areas of the city."
United States. Environmental Protection Agency; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; Cedar Rapids (Iowa) . . .
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Heat Wave: A Major Summer Killer
From the Document: "The stagnant atmospheric conditions of the heat wave trap pollutants in urban areas and add the stresses of severe pollution to the already dangerous stresses of hot weather, creating a health problem of undiscovered dimensions. A map of heat-related deaths in St. Louis during 1966, for example, shows a heavier concentration in the crowded alleys and towers of the inner city, where air quality would also be poor during a heat wave. The high inner-city death rates also can be read as poor access to air-conditioned rooms. While air conditioning may be a luxury in normal times, it can be a lifesaver during heat wave conditions. The cost of cool air moves steadily higher, adding what appears to be a cruel economic side to heat wave fatalities. Indications from the 1978 Texas heat wave suggest that some elderly people on fixed incomes, many of them in buildings that could not be ventilated without air conditioning, found the cost too high, turned off their units, and ultimately succumbed to the stresses of heat."
United States. Department of Commerce; United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; United States. National Weather Service . . .
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Fire Safety Program Toolkit: A Comprehensive Resource for Fire Safety Educators
"This toolkit was designed with fire safety education personnel in mind and aims to provide free tools and materials to assist in the development of educational programs. The toolkit breaks down the program development process into five basic steps to create or enhance a fire safety education program for your community. Additionally, a 'Beyond the Basics' in each section has even more resources, strategies, and tools. This overview gives you a snapshot of the process for developing a successful program." The five basic steps covered in this toolkit include the following: 1) Assess Your Community; 2) Develop Partnerships; 3) Plan & Implement Your Program; 4) Market Your Program, and 5) Evaluate.
United States. Department of Health and Human Services; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency . . .
2015-02-05?
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Guide for First Responders: Preparing Your Family for Emergencies [presentation]
This program is focused on ensuring first responders families are prepared so that first responders can effectively help others who are impacted.
Ready Campaign (U.S.); United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States. Department of Homeland Security. Risk Management Division. Office of Infrastructure Protection
2010-08-31?
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Firefighter Fatalities in the United States in 2015
"This report continues a series of annual studies by USFA of on-duty firefighter fatalities in the U.S. The specific objective of this study is to identify all on-duty firefighter fatalities that occurred in the U.S. and its protectorates in 2015 and to analyze the circumstances surrounding each occurrence. The study is intended to help identify approaches that could reduce the number of firefighter deaths in future years."
National Fire Data Center (U.S.); United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration . . .
2016-10
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Needs Assessment of the Fire Service: Mississippi
"PL 106-398, Section 1701, Sec. 33 (b) required that the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) conduct a study in conjunction with the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) to (a) define the current role and activities associated with the fire services; (b) determine the adequacy of current levels of funding; and (c) provide a needs assessment to identify shortfalls. The Fire Service Needs Assessment Survey was conducted as a census, with appropriate adjustments for non-response. The NFPA used its own list of local fire departments as the mailing list and sampling frame of all fire departments in the US. The Fire Service Needs Assessment Survey was sent only to departments with administrative and reporting responsibilities, in order to minimize double-counting. This means that the total number of departments we contacted may be much lower than the total number of departments in the state, as reflected in the state's own records. The data in this state report is least affected by this discrepancy in results reported separately by community size. Any statistics for the entire state must be used with caution and may not give sufficient weight to conditions in the smallest communities. For Mississippi, we analyzed responses from 151 of the 552 fire departments in the state.
Analysis of the results by state was done by NFPA after and outside of the Fire Service
Needs Assessment Survey contract. Those results have not been reviewed or approved by anyone at the Department of Homeland Security (new parent agency of FEMA). All statistics calculated as percents of firefighters are based on percents of departments by population interval, combined with national figures on ratios of firefighters per department between population intervals. Ratios have not been developed for individual states."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; Emergency Management and Response-Information Sharing and Analysis Center (U.S.); United States. Department of Homeland Security . . .
Karter, Michael J.; Hall, John Raymond, 1948-
2004-06
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Needs Assessment of the Fire Service: Florida
"PL 106-398, Section 1701, Sec. 33 (b) required that the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) conduct a study in conjunction with the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) to (a) define the current role and activities associated with the fire services; (b) determine the adequacy of current levels of funding; and (c) provide a needs assessment to identify shortfalls. The Fire Service Needs Assessment Survey was conducted as a census, with appropriate adjustments for non-response. The NFPA used its own list of local fire departments as the mailing list and sampling frame of all fire departments in the US. The Fire Service Needs Assessment Survey was sent only to departments with administrative and reporting responsibilities, in order to minimize double-counting. This means that the total number of departments we contacted may be much lower than the total number of departments in the state, as reflected in the state's own records. The data in this state report is least affected by this discrepancy in results reported separately by community size. Any statistics for the entire state must be used with caution and may not give sufficient weight to conditions in the smallest communities. For Florida, we analyzed responses from 240 of the 472 fire departments in the state. Analysis of the results by state was done by NFPA after and outside of the Fire Service Needs Assessment Survey contract. Those results have not been reviewed or approved by anyone at the Department of Homeland Security (new parent agency of FEMA). All statistics calculated as percents of firefighters are based on percents of departments by population interval, combined with national figures on ratios of firefighters per department between population intervals. Ratios have not been developed for individual states."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; Emergency Management and Response-Information Sharing and Analysis Center (U.S.); United States. Department of Homeland Security . . .
Karter, Michael J.; Hall, John Raymond, 1948-
2004-06
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Firefighter Fatalities in the United States in 2017
"For 41 years, the U.S. Fire Administration (USFA) has tracked the number of firefighter fatalities and conducted an annual analysis. Through the collection of information on the causes of firefighter deaths, the USFA is able to focus on specific problems and direct efforts toward finding solutions to reduce the number of firefighter fatalities in the future. This information is also used to measure the effectiveness of current programs directed toward firefighter health and safety. [...] The specific objective of this study is to identify all on-duty firefighter fatalities that occurred in the U.S. and its territories in 2017 and to analyze the circumstances surrounding each occurrence. The study is intended to help identify approaches that could reduce the number of firefighter deaths in future years."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States. Department of Homeland Security . . .
2018-09
