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Training and Testing Explosive Detection Dogs in Detecting Triacetone Triperoxide
"Improvised explosive mixtures such as triacetone triperoxide (TATP) are a new challenge in combating terrorism and crime. Traditionally trained bomb dogs need to be trained on these products, but the dangers in synthesizing and storing these products create difficulties. In this study, training aids were developed based on TATP produced in very small amounts using pure base compounds. Both experienced and new dogs were trained using these aids. The dogs were subsequently tested on detecting solid crystalline TATP synthesized using different base compounds and production methods. Dogs trained to respond to the training aids demonstrated a sufficient response to different kinds of crystalline TATP, whereas no systematic false alerts on either acetone or hydrogen peroxide were noted."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
Schoon, Adee; Götz, Sebastian; Heuven, Martijn
2006-10
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Biometrics 101: Version 3.1
"Biometric technology represents a convergence of related disciplines into a common analytic field. Government and industry have long used individual biometric modalities to enhance operations and customer service, but mainstream awareness of the technology is a more recent occurrence. As interest in the technology grows, so too will the debate on its merits and drawbacks. This paper provides an overview of biometric technology so that these discussions are based on facts rather than perception. 'Biometrics' are automated methods of recognizing an individual based on their physical or behavioral characteristics. Some common commercial examples are fingerprint, face, iris, hand geometry, voice and dynamic signature. These, as well as many others, are in various stages of development and/or deployment. The type of biometric that is 'best' will vary significantly from one application to another. An outline of questions to ask is shown later in this paper to begin to determine which biometric is best for a given application."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
Blackburn, Duane M.
2004-03
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Federal Bureau of Investigation Strategic Plan: 2004-2009
"Looking forward, the FBI's greatest challenges will be to further improve its intelligence capabilities and strengthen its information technology infrastructure. The FBI will continue to develop its talents through ongoing training, and through the recruitment and hiring of analysts, technology experts, and individuals with language skills. The FBI's international presence will continue to grow, and we will continue our tradition of excellence in carrying out all of our responsibilities overseas and at home. The FBI's 2004--2009 strategic plan serves as a high-level road map for the FBI to achieve its mission. While the strategic plan provides clear goals and objectives, it also includes the flexibility necessary to adjust quickly to evolving threats. Since the FBI's inception, the nation has turned to it to address the most significant threats, and the FBI has always responded. The strength of the FBI has been, and will always be, its people."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2004
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Terrorism 2000/2001
"Since the mid-1980s, the FBI has published 'Terrorism in the United States', an unclassified annual report summarizing terrorist activities in this country. While this publication provided a good overview of the terrorist threat in the United States, its limited scope proved not conducive to conveying either the breadth and width of the terrorist threat facing U.S. interests or the scale of the FBI's response to international terrorism worldwide. To better reflect the nature of the threat and the scope of our response, the FBI is, therefore, expanding the focus of its annual terrorism report. Terrorism provides an overview of terrorist incidents and preventions taking place in the United Sates and its territories, just as 'Terrorism in the United States' did. In addition, however, 'Terrorism' discusses FBI investigations overseas, and thus provides a more comprehensive picture of the totality of the FBI's response to international terrorism. While this expanded focus is intended to provide a more complete overview of FBI terrorism investigations into acts involving U.S. interests around the world, 'Terrorism' is not intended as a comprehensive annual review of worldwide terrorist activity. For such a comprehensive overview of global terrorism issues, see the report 'Patterns of Global
Terrorism', published annually by the U.S. Department of State. This inaugural issue of Terrorism provides annual overviews for the years 2000 and 2001. The FBI hopes you find 'Terrorism 2000/2001' to be a helpful resource, and thanks you for your interest in the FBI's Counterterrorism Program."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2000
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Future of Officer Safety in an Age of Terrorism
This article discusses traditional training in law enforcement and the need to develop new and innovative ways to implement law enforcement safety issues in training curricula. "The future of officer safety in an age of terrorism raises many questions. Some may prove extremely hard to answer. Ultimately, though, the unifying question is, Will we in law enforcement continue to venerate our dysfunctional past, or will we see change as our friend? If crisis does indeed present an opportunity for positive change, the crisis of global terrorism offers us a chance to use an issue of deep emotional significance to all officers, regardless of other interests, to begin to move larger questions forward."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
Buerger, Michael E.; Levin, Bernard H.
2005-09
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Finding the Missing Links: Technology Helps FBI Unravel Criminal and Terrorist Networks
Increasingly, terrorist networks have come to represent an interconnected web of crime, illicit trafficking, and international smuggling that requires the most technological and developed response and detection capabilities. In this perspective, the role technology plays in helping preventing terrorists from using money trails, fake phone numbers and identities, and other methods becomes paramount. This report looks at the role technology plays in helping to investigate and monitor terrorist actors worldwide, and how information gathered from individuals can be used in wider effectiveness against multinational networks.
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2005-08-18
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FBI Bomb Data Center General Information Bulletin 97-1: 1997 bombing incidents
The FBI Bomb Data Center (BDC) collects and reports bombing information to public safety agencies, elected officials and the interested public. The graphs and tables contained in the body of this summary reflect the use of explosive and incendiary devices by criminals in the United States. Statistics show criminals are continually using these devices to facilitate unlawful purposes. This places the public and law enforcement personnel at great risk. The information contained in the charts comes from bombing incidents reported in 1997 and its territories. Also presented are statistics regarding hoax devices, recoveries of improvised devices, explosives, and military ordnance. State and local public safety agencies (to include over 600 bomb squads) make a significant contribution in reporting these types of incidents to the FBI. In addition, the BDC gathers information from the Postal Inspection Service; Military Explosive Ordnance Disposal units; and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms. While we make every effort to obtain data on all bombing incidents, it is necessary to point out that not every incident is reported to law enforcement agencies, or in rare instances, those reported to the agencies may not come to the attention of the FBI.
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
Gadson, Latonya O.; Michael, Melody Lynn; Walsh, Nancy . . .
1997
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Bombing Incidents: United States, 1973-99
This document is a table outlining bombing incidents - known to police, by type of incident and device, value of property damage, and outcome of incident - in the United States from 1973-199.
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
1999
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Bombing Incidents: United States, 1999
This document is a table outlining bombing incidents - known to police by type of incident and device, value of property damage, and outcome of incident - in the United States in 1999.
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2003
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Report on the Erroneous Fingerprint Individualization in the Madrid Train Bombing Case
"In the aftermath of the March 11, 2004, train bombing in Madrid, Spain, personnel from the FBI Latent Print Unit performed a fingerprint analysis and reported an individualization of a latent print with a candidate print from an Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification (IAFIS) search. It was subsequently determined that the individualization was in error, and the latent print was ultimately identified with a different subject. This report provides information regarding the corrective actions the FBI Laboratory implemented upon recognizing the error, an outline of significant events surrounding the FBI's fingerprint investigation, and a synopsis of the comments by an international committee regarding the erroneous fingerprint conclusion."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
Stacey, Robert B.
2005-01
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Code Breaking in Law Enforcement: A 400-Year History
"In February 2004, 11-year-old Carlie Brucia was abducted and murdered in Sarasota, Florida. While in a county jail awaiting trial, the suspect in the case, Joseph Peter Smith, wrote an enciphered message to his brother (Figure 1). The seemingly random series of symbols and numbers was sent to the FBI for analysis. The FBI determined that Smith enciphered the message by replacing letters of the alphabet with a series of one- or two-character combinations of numerals and symbols. To further complicate decryption, he wrote the message from right to left, starting at the bottom of the page and working his way up. Despite these obstacles, FBI cryptanalysts were able to quickly decipher the message, which contained incriminating references to hiding evidence and moving the body. On November 17, 2005, the jury convicted Smith in the abduction and murder of Carlie Brucia."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2006-04
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Law Enforcement Officers Killed & Assaulted 1997
This is an annual publication in which the FBI provides data on officers feloniously or accidentally killed and officers that were assaulted while performing their duties. Presented throughout this publication are tables, charts, and narrative comments addressing the number of law enforcement officers killed or assaulted in 1997.
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
1998
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Law Enforcement Officers Killed & Assaulted 1999
"At this year's Criminal Justice Information Services Division's memorial ceremony to honor the fallen West Virginia Law Enforcement Officers, keynote speaker Colonel Gary L. Edgell, Superintendent of the West Virginia State Police, remarked that people not closely associated with law enforcement often wonder why a man or woman would choose a career as a police officer. He stated that the pay is not the best, and the job can be very dangerous and thankless. He further observed that most of the men and women who choose to work behind the police officer's badge will confess, 'I am proud of my profession and I have no regrets.' However, Colonel Edgell said, ' . . . police officers do not choose law enforcement as much as law enforcement chooses them' and there is 'the expectation that the police officer will stand on the right side of humanity, no matter the cost.' The cost to pursue this choice can be a dear one. National data collected by the Uniform Crime Reporting Program show that 658 officers were feloniously killed in the line of duty between 1990 and 1999. Thankfully, these numbers are gradually decreasing, due in part to the concerted training efforts of law enforcement. The cumulative experiences of fellow officers--the bedrock of law enforcement discipline and instruction--help to equip officers to face the increasingly dangerous duties of their profession. Improved training built on the lessons learned over the years, along with advanced technological support and other factors, have garnered obvious results: this publication shows that the number of officers feloniously killed is at its lowest point in more than 35 years."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2000
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Law Enforcement Officers Killed & Assaulted 2004
"The FBI publishes Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted (LEOKA) each year to provide information about the officers who were killed, feloniously or accidentally, and those officers who were assaulted while performing their duties. Before reviewing the tables, charts, and narrative summaries presented in this publication, readers should be aware of certain features of the LEOKA data collection process that could affect their interpretation of the information. First, the data in the tables and charts reflect the number of victim officers, not the number of incidents or weapons used. Second, the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program considers any part of the body that can be used as weapons (such as hands, fists, or feet) to be personal weapons and designates them as such in its data. Readers should also be aware that law enforcement agencies use different methodologies for collecting and reporting data about officers who were killed and those who were assaulted. As a result, the two databases, and therefore the tables derived from them, are not comparable. Finally, because the information in the tables of this book are updated each year, the FBI cautions readers against making comparisons between the data in this publication and those in prior editions of the publication."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2005
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Law Enforcement Officers Killed & Assaulted 2001
"The year 2001 will always be remembered as the year terrorists turned commercial airliners into murder weapons and used them to kill 3,047 innocent people. Counted within that number are 72 local, state, and federal law enforcement officers, the most officers ever lost in a single day. Seventy officers were feloniously killed during 2001 in incidents not related to the events of September 11, and 78 officers died in duty-related accidents. Data submitted to the Uniform Crime Reporting Program indicate that 56,666 law officers were assaulted during the year and, of those, 16,202 received injuries. As documented in this report, police work is a hazardous occupation. The current edition of Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted contains 50 statistical tables that aggregate data on officers feloniously killed, accidentally killed, or assaulted in the line of duty. The tables organize the relevant details of the incidents so they form an index to the most dangerous aspects of police work, enabling law enforcement to study and learn from them. The book also contains a narrative summary of each incident in which a law enforcement officer was feloniously killed. The accounts of the events that led to the officers' deaths are straightforward reports provided by the victims' agencies. Nevertheless, they form a series of eloquent testimonials to each officer's dedication to public service. They also serve as a reminder that every law officer every day runs a risk of becoming the victim of a sociopathic or deranged individual. Because a catastrophe such as the September 11 attacks falls far outside the normal course of police experience, the FBI has not included those fatalities in the 2001 rate, trend, or disposition tables for to do so would skew the data and render analyses meaningless. However, the deaths of those officers are chronicled in Section I, Summaries of Felonious Incidents."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2002
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Law Enforcement Officers Killed & Assaulted 2002
"The duty of serving our Nation as a law enforcement officer can be dangerous. The responsibilities that accompany the charge are vast: arresting suspects, investigating suspicious persons or circumstances, answering disturbance calls, performing traffic pursuits or stops, dealing with mentally deranged assailants, and supervising prisoners in custody, to name a few. Additionally, some officers become victims of ambush attacks simply because of their choice of profession. While serving in the line of duty, 56 law enforcement officers were feloniously killed in 2002. Another 77 officers died as the result of duty-related accidents, and at least 58,066 others were victims of some type of assault. Statistically, these numbers equate to the death of one officer every 66 hours and an assault on an officer every 9 minutes. Though the information may be distressing, this report is an excellent resource for law enforcement. In addition to the narrative summaries of each of the incidents in which an officer died a felonious death in 2002, this publication provides several statistical tables regarding the time and circumstances surrounding the felonious killings, accidental deaths, and felonious assaults of the nation's law enforcement officers. Data about the types of weapons used in the commission of felonious murders and assaults of officers are also presented."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2003
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Law Enforcement Officers Killed & Assaulted 2008
"The FBI publishes Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted each year to provide information about the officers who were killed, feloniously or accidentally, and those officers who were assaulted while performing their duties. The FBI collects these data through the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2009
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Law Enforcement Officers Killed & Assaulted 2009
"The FBI publishes Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted each year to provide information about the officers who were killed, feloniously or accidentally, and those officers who were assaulted while performing their duties. The FBI collects these data through the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2010
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Law Enforcement Officers Killed & Assaulted 2005
"The FBI publishes Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted each year to provide information about the officers who were killed, feloniously or accidentally, and those officers who were assaulted while performing their duties. The FBI collects these data through the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2006
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Law Enforcement Officers Killed & Assaulted 2007
"The FBI publishes Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted each year to provide information about the officers who were killed, feloniously or accidentally, and those officers who were assaulted while performing their duties. The FBI collects these data through the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2008
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Law Enforcement Officers Killed & Assaulted 2006
"The FBI publishes Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted each year to provide information about the officers who were killed, feloniously or accidentally, and those officers who were assaulted while performing their duties. The FBI collects these data through the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2007
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Financial Crimes Report to the Public: Fiscal Year 2009
"The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) investigates matters relating to fraud, theft, or embezzlement occurring within or against the national and international financial community. These crimes are characterized by deceit, concealment, or violation of trust and are not dependent upon the application or threat of physical force or violence. Such acts are committed by individuals and organizations to obtain personal or business advantage. The FBI focuses its financial crimes investigations on such criminal activities as corporate fraud, securities and commodities fraud, health care fraud, financial institution fraud, mortgage fraud, insurance fraud, mass marketing fraud, and money laundering. These are the identified priority crime problem areas of the Financial Crimes Section (FCS) of the FBI." This report covers the financial crimes that occurred between October 1, 2008, and September 30, 2009.
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2010
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FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin: May 2010
This issue of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Law Enforcement Bulletin features three articles: "Options for Reporting Sexual Violence" by Sabrina Garcia and Margaret Henderson, which states that "Developments in the field and changing social expectations have made law enforcement agencies reconsider and refine their processes for working with victims of sexual violence;" "Interviewing Compliant Adolescent Victims" by Catherine S. Connell and Martha J. Finnegan, which argues that "Interviewers of adolescent crime victims must understand how to handle these special cases properly;" and "Fifth Amendment Protection and Break in Custody" by Kenneth A. Myers, which contends that "Law enforcement officers must have an understanding of the legal significance of a break in custody in terms of the Fifth Amendment privilege against compelled self-incrimination."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2010-05
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FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin: June 2010
This issue of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Law Enforcement Bulletin features four articles: "Good Decisions" by Brian Fitch; "Leading the Modern Police Force" by Joseph Pangaro; "The Minnesota Police Education Requirement" by Susan M. Hilal and Timothy E. Erickson; "Family and Medical Leave Act Amendments" by Richard G. Schott.
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2010-06
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Analysis of Jihadi Extremist Groups' Videos
"Using a content analysis of 60 jihadi extremist/terrorist groups' videos, this exploratory study describes how the videos, as strategic communication devices, are diffused via the Internet and for what ends. Using a typology, we analyzed the video types, groups' operations, communication approaches, and video production features. After we mapped the videos to a two-dimensional grid, the results indicated that the jihadi extremist groups use 'underground' media organizations to help them produce and distribute videos via popular electronic networks and sites. The videos are 'narrowcasted' to various audience segments to achieve maximum impact in terms of propagating the ideology of religion-sanctioned vengeance for the perceived ongoing and escalating atrocities committed against Islam and its believers. The impact is deemed maximum when many new extremist cells (informal nodes) in diverse geographic locations around the world become organized and actively operationalize extremist-prescribed activities. Given the growing interest in digital and multimedia evidence (DME) among counterterrorism researchers and intelligence communities, the videos are increasingly being used as court exhibits for prosecuting extremists, as well as data for research and policy analysis. DME-based analysis represents an exciting new research frontier, not only for counterterrorism studies but also for a host of sociological, political, legal, and cultural investigations. Future studies using a larger database of videos are encouraged to gain insights and to surface embedded cultural cues and strategic communication goals (planned versus realized)."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
Reid, Edna
2009-07
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Crime in the United States, 2008
This webpage contains the final report on crime in the United States for 2008 as published by the FBI's Criminal Justice Information Services Division. This report, produced annually, contains official FBI data for a wide variety of crimes in the United States including violent crime, property crime, and hate crime and is published as an interactive website through which the user can access the information most relevant to their interests. The 2008 report shows a continued decrease in crime of all types throughout the United States even as the country is experiencing a severe economic recession.
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2009-09
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FBI: National Data Exchange (N-DEx)
This webpage provides information on the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI's) National Data Exchange (N-DEx) program. "N-DEx provides criminal justice agencies with an online tool for sharing, searching, linking, and analyzing information across jurisdictional boundaries. A national repository of criminal justice records submitted by agencies from around the nation, N-DEx enables users to 'connect the dots' between data on people, places, and things that may seem unrelated in order to link investigations and investigators. N-DEx is an unclassified national information sharing system that enables criminal justice agencies to search, link, analyze, and share local, state, tribal, and federal records."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
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FBI Domestic Investigations and Operations Guide
Released through a Freedom of Information Act request, "the Domestic Investigations and Operations Guide (DIOG) establishes the FBI's internal rules and procedures to implement the 'Attorney General's Guidelines for Domestic FBI Operations' (AGG-Dom).[...] These rules, which will be audited and enforced through a rigorous compliance mechanism, are designed to ensure that FBI assessments and investigations are subject to responsible review and approval and do not target anyone or any group on the basis of race, ethnicity, religion, or the exercise of any other right guaranteed by the Constitution. The DIOG and the AGG-Dom were promulgated in late 2008 to ensure that the FBI is equipped with all lawful and appropriate tools so that it can transform itself into an intelligence-driven organization that assesses and investigates criminal and national security threats to our nation and its people. Both documents have been released to the public as part of an ongoing effort to assure the American people that FBI employees will carry out their mission according to an established set of rules and with full respect for the constitutional and statutory rights of the people.The DIOG is a living operational guide and its release to the public is intended to provide as much transparency as possible. It will be reviewed and changed periodically, as law and policy change and as circumstances dictate. Because it does govern FBI operations and investigations, not all of its contents can be released as they provide too much of a road map to those who pose a threat to the nation. The FBI will, from time to time, reassess whether additional information can safely be released."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2009-07-09
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FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin: January 2010
This issue of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Law Enforcement Bulletin features three articles: "Police Investigations of the Use of Deadly Force" by Shannon Bohrer and Robert Chaney which discusses how "the use of force and the police investigation of such action can have far-reaching consequences;" "Operation Spring Cleaning" by Shawn Schwertfeger which provides a successful media-law enforcement partnership case study, and "The FBI's National Law Enforcement Safety Initiative," by Charles E. Miller III, Henry F. Hanburger, Michael Sumeracki, and Marcus Young which describes how "the FBI has expanded its Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted program to help prevent the death or serious injury of this nation's sworn personnel."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2010-01
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Super Bowl XXXIX: The Successful Response of the FBI and Its Partners
This report discusses the security at the National Football League (NFL) Super Bowl XXXIX in Jacksonville, Florida. From the text: "Law enforcement's coordinated response to this event showed what such a cooperative effort can accomplish. Fortunately, not many people--except a few cynical sportswriters--had much to comment on but the area's hospitality, golf courses, beaches, and natural beauty. And, the combined response to the few minor incidents that did surface further proved the success of the plan. As is always the case in the behind the- scenes world of intelligence and counter-terrorism, the success of Super Bowl XXXIX can be measured as much by what did not happen as by what did."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
Westcott, Jeffrey
2006-01
