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Information Systems Security: The Federal Aviation Administration's Layered Approach
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)develops, maintains, and operates one of the largest
and most complex critical infrastructures; an infrastructure that is almost totally informationcentric. Destroying information or changing it improperly
can disrupt the work of FAA and the
national airspace system. The disclosure of sensitive information about ongoing, critical transportation functions to unauthorized entities can harm the
operations of FAA and other government agencies. For FAA, information systems security extends
beyond the computer environment to the security of airspace and the national airspace system. The
structural, operating, and procedural foundations information systems security provide the mechanisms for achieving FAA's safety, security, and efficiency goals.
United States. Federal Aviation Administration
Mehan, Daniel J.
2000-11
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Report to Congress: Aviation Security Aircraft Hardening Program
The feasibility of blast-resistant baggage has been demonstrated under the prototype effort and subsequent FAA solicitation resulting in the successful testing and certification of a unit developed by private industry. This unit is capable of mitigating an explosive threat in excess of the current explosives detection system certification criteria. The development of hardened container design criteria has been completed, resultinig in a draft specification for LD-3-type hardened baggage containers. This draft specification provides a vehicle by which the FAA could mandate the use of hardened containers if the are proven to be operationally viable and ensure that these containers wil meet or exceed required blast resistance and airworthiness requirements. Protype containers will continue to be developed and tested in order to refine existing design requirements and address airline operational isssues. Analysis of the operational considerations is being initiated. This includes assessing those factors with which the airlines are most concerned; i.e., container cost, tare weight, repair, operability, and maintainability. This analysis will ensure that specifications for a hardened container can meet a reasonable life-cycle cost. Further work with industry will help ensure that the existing specification is appropriate.
United States. Federal Aviation Administration
1998-12
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Annual Report to Congress on Civil Aviation Security: January 1, 1996 - December 31, 1996
This report presents a summary of events. programs. and accomplishments in civil aviation scurity in 1996, including the effectiveness of screening in air transportation and foreign air carrier and airport security. Recent events, growth of the aviation industry, and the intelligence assessments that pointed to an increasing threat of terrorism within the United States raised concern about the standard everyday measures that formed the baseline of domestic aviation security. This concern, the tragedies of VluJet Fligth 592 and TWA Fligth 800, and major legislation drove a year of sweeping changes and growing partnerships and programs in civil aviation security.
United States. Federal Aviation Administration
1997
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Annual Report to Congress on Civil Aviation Security: January 1, 1997 - December 31, 1997
This report presents a summary of events, programs, and accomplishments in civil aviation security in 1997. The year continued the significant changes in direction and emphasis in civil aviation security in the United States that began in 1996 in the aftermath of the ValuJet Flight 592 and TWA Flight 800 tragedies. The White House Commission on Aviation Safety and Security recommended several measures to improve aviation safety and security and ensure that the U.S. aviation system remains the safest and most secure aviation system in the world. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) made significant progress this year in implementing many of the White House Commission's recommendations and related legislation.
United States. Federal Aviation Administration
1998
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Annual Report to Congress on Civil Aviation Security: January 1, 1995 - December 31, 1995
The year 1995 was one of many terrorist attacks, but for civilian aviation it should be recorded as year of disasters averted. Of particular significance was the explosive device hidden on a Phillipine airliner flying from Manila to Osaka, via Cebu, on December 11, 1994. On detonation, this devie killed a Japanese student. This event turned out be the prelude for attempts to attack several American carrier flights in East Asia in January 1995. The FA adopted extensive security measures overseas to protect against this threat and additional measures were required at U.S. airports. The FAA also issued emergency security program amendments to 27 foreign air carriers operating to the United States from the Asia-Pacific region to address a specific threat in that region of the world.
United States. Federal Aviation Administration
1996
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Annual Report to Congress on Civil Aviation Security January 1, 1994 - December 31, 1994
The FAA's aviation security mission is to protect the users of commercial air transportation against terrorist and other criminal acts. Because terrorists seek to destroy public confidence in the safety of air travel and disrupt this vital segment of the U.S. and world economies, the continued growth of commercial air transportation hinges on the effectiveness of aviation security measures. Protecting the air traffic control infrastructure-FAA facilities and equipment and the employees who operate them-is part of that same mission. The FAA also assists other agencies in the interdiction of drugs coming into the United States. The responsibility for aviation security is a shared one and so are its costs. The FAA continuously assesses threats, assigns measures for both current and increased threat situations through regulations, and works with the aviation industry to implement those measures, using enforcement action when necessary. The aviation industry, through its managers and employees, implements those measures. Air carriers are responsible for applying security measures to passengers, service and flight crew, baggage, and cargo-in short, everyone and everything that enters the aircraft. Airports are responsible for maintaining a secure ground environment and providing local law enforcement support. The cooperation of passengers and the diligence of shippers are also needed.
United States. Federal Aviation Administration
1995
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Aviation Fatigue Management Symposium: Partnerships for Solutions
"The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has recognized the need for leadership to begin dialogs to understand and address fatigue in the aviation industry. The issues are cross-cutting affecting flight crews, ground support personnel, maintenance personnel, and air traffic controllers. The solutions require the cooperative action of industry, employee groups, and the FAA. Making head way also requires a shared commitment to solve problems. That shared commitment must rest on a common understanding of the problem, a frank understanding of the barriers, and a collaborative approach to developing practical solutions. The FAA set four primary objectives of the Aviation Fatigue Symposium: Partnerships for Solutions: 1. Energize the aviation community to solve aviation fatigue problems. 2. Provide attendees with the most current information on fatigue physiology, risk assessment and mitigation alternatives. 3. Develop a common understanding of fatigue issues, identify challenges that create the potential for fatigue, and discuss barriers that have historically prevented solutions to reduce fatigue. 4. Discuss the potential for collaborative alliances to develop and implement fatigue mitigation strategies."
United States. Federal Aviation Administration
2008
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Study and Report to Congress on Civil Aviation Security Responsibilities and Funding, 1998
This report is provided to Congress by the Federal Aviation administration (FAA) in response to the requirement for a study of and report regarding allocating civil aviation security responsibilities established by section 301 of the Federal Aviation Reauthorization Act of 1996 (PL 104-264). This study examines the evolution of aviation security responsibilities and finds that a consensus exists to retain the current system of shared responsibilities. It also recognizes the incremental increases in Federal Government involvement that have taken place and predicts that such increases will continue. This study examines discussions of funding for aviation security and considers a number of views. It contains options for aviation security funding and states the Administration's position that any FAA activities, including security activities, be derived from charges paid by the users of the National Airspace System.
United States. Federal Aviation Administration
1998-12
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Study on Experimental Tests and Numerical Simulations of Boeing 747 Overhead Inaccessible-Area Fires, Final Report
From the Abstract: "Hidden fire in an aircraft overhead inaccessible-area is hazardous to in-flight safety and could lead to catastrophic disaster. In this case, fire detection at the earliest stage requires an improved understanding of the heat and mass transfer in overhead areas with curved fuselage sections. In this effort, an experimental campaign was conducted at the FAA [Federal Aviation Administration] William J. Hughes Technical Center on different fire scenarios for the Boeing747-SP [special performance] overhead inaccessible-area to advance knowledge on this phenomenon and provide validation data for the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). Extensive work has been done recently to enable computer simulation of fire on complex geometries within this tool. Therefore, we use the experimental data obtained to perform validation of said capability. Model validation results are defined in terms of thermocouple readings measured and computed with satisfactory overall agreement."
United States. Federal Aviation Administration
McDermott, Randall J.; Scrofani, Paul; Guo, Haiqing . . .
2021-03-21
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Review of Web Applications Security and Intrusion Detection in Air Traffic Control Systems
This report presents the results of the audit done by the Department of Transportation, Office of the Inspector General regarding "web applications security and intrusion detection in air traffic control (ATC) systems. This audit was requested by the Ranking Minority members of the House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and its Aviation Subcommittee. Homeland Security Presidential Directive (HSPD)--7 designates air traffic control systems as part of the Nation's critical infrastructure due to the important role commercial aviation plays in fostering and sustaining the national economy and ensuring citizens' safety and mobility. Essentially, HSPD-7 requires the Secretary of Transportation to ensure that the ATC system is protected from both physical and cyber security threats to prevent disruptions in air travel and commerce. The need to protect ATC systems from cyber attacks requires enhanced attention because the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has increasingly turned toward the use of commercial software and Internet Protocol (IP)1-based technologies to modernize ATC systems. While use of commercial IP products, such as Web applications, has enabled FAA to efficiently collect and disseminate information to facilitate ATC services, it inevitably poses a higher security risk to ATC systems than when they were developed primarily with proprietary software." Recommendations regarding issues and areas of concern were made to the FAA. This document concludes with the actions that the FAA has taken to address those recommendations.
United States. Federal Aviation Administration
2009-05-04
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FAA Strategic Plan, January 2002
This Strategic Plan describes three aerospace goals derived from the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) mission and vision: safety, security, and system efficiency. These goals stem directly from the FAA's legal charter and the Department of Transportation's (DOT) Strategic Plan. The FAA has defined long term objectives and strategies and near-term Corporate Projects to achieve each goal. Annual Performance Objectives and Corporate Projects are discussed in detail in the companion FAA Strategic Plan Supplement. This year's update responds to three changes in the aerospace environment. The first change addressed is the September 11, 2001 attack on America and the subsequent legislation transferring FAA security functions to a new Transportation Security Administration. Security remains a key FAA goal as FAA makes a smooth transfer. The second change addresses the Air Traffic Organization (ATO), a Performance-Based Organization (PBO) within the FAA. ATO has primary responsibility for the FAA's System Efficiency goal. This Strategic Plan sets broad direction for ATO, whose planning must be closely linked to FAA's overall plans. The third change addressed relates to the General Accounting Office (GAO) May 2001 report, "Managing for Results: Federal Managers' Views on Key Management Issues Vary Widely Across Agencies". In this report, GAO surveyed 100 FAA managers and supervisors, then rated FAA low on leadership commitment to achieving results and employees receiving positive recognition for helping the agency accomplish its strategic goals. In response to the GAO's report, this plan addresses how ongoing FAA programs and activities contribute to achieving FAA's strategic goals.
United States. Federal Aviation Administration
2002-01
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FAA K-9 Program Quality Control Aid Test and Evaluation Plan
This document is a Test and Evaluation Plan for an operational test and evaluation of quality control aids (QCAs) for training and testing of the FAA sponsored K-9 teams. Actual explosives and QCAs will be operationally tested for three types of explosives: double-based smokeless powder, TNT, and C4. The three configurations of each QCA include a cloth patch treated with a pure solution, a cloth pouch treated with a granular composite mixture, and a non- hazardous explosive for security training and testing (NESTT) material. This total of nine QCAs will be evaluated to determine the optimal configuration for the QCAs. The results of the OT&E will be used to select leading candidate QCAs for further evaluation under field operational conditions.
United States. Federal Aviation Administration
Fobes, J. L.; Hallowell, Susan F.; Barrientos, J. M. . . .
1995-12
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Press Release - Airports to Remain Closed, Mineta Says [September 12, 2001]
"Secretary of Transportation Norman Y. Mineta has announced the Federal Aviation Administration will allow a limited reopening of the nation's commercial airspace system in order to allow flights that were diverted yesterday to continue to their original destinations. The Secretary also announced that the FAA is temporarily extending the ground stop order imposed yesterday while additional security measures are being completed. Safety is always of paramount importance, and in these extraordinary times we intend to be vigilant, Mineta said. We remain committed to resuming commercial flights as soon as possible. As the President said last night, these despicable terrorist attacks have shaken the foundation of our greatest buildings, but have not shaken the foundation of this great nation, the Secretary said. As America watches the efforts of our heroic emergency responders and rescue personnel, we keep the victims and their families in our prayers, he also said. Mineta said the FAA would permit flights today only in special limited circumstances. Flights diverted as a result of yesterday's order will be allowed to continue to their original destination under vastly tightened security guidelines. Only passengers on the original flights will be allowed to re-board, and only after airports and airlines have implemented strict screening measures. Airlines will also be allowed to reposition empty aircraft, he said."
United States. Federal Aviation Administration
2001-09-12
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Amateur-built Aircraft and Ultralight Flight Testing Handbook
"This advisory circular (AC) sets forth suggestions and safety related recommendations to assist amateur and ultralight builders in developing individualized aircraft flight test plans. [...] This AC's purpose is the following: (1) To make amateur-built/ultralight aircraft pilots aware that test flying an aircraft is a critical undertaking, which should be approached with thorough planning, skill, and common sense. (2) To provide recommendations and suggestions that can be combined with other sources on test flying (e.g., the aircraft plan/kit manufacturer's flight testing instructions, other flight testing data). This will assist the amateur/ultralight owner to develop a detailed flight test plan, tailored for their aircraft and resources."
United States. Federal Aviation Administration
1995-05-24
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Semiannual Report to Congress on the Effectiveness of the Civil Aviation Security Program: July 1, 1989-December 31, 1989
"The report includes an analysis of the current threat against civil aviation along with information regarding hijacking,attempts, security incidents, bomb threats,and passenger screening activity. It also summarizes ongoing activities to assure adequate protection of civil air commerce against hijacking/sabotage and related crimes, and other aspects of the Civil Aviation Security Program."
United States. Federal Aviation Administration
1991-02
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Semiannual Report to Congress on the Effectiveness of the Civil Aviation Security Program: July 1, 1988 - December 31, 1988
"The report includes an analysis of the current threat against civil aviation along with information regarding hijacking attempts, security incidents, bomb threats, and passenger screening activity. It also summarizes ongoing activities to assure adequate protection of civil air commerce against hijacking/sabotage and related crimes, and other aspects of the Civil Aviation Security Program."
United States. Federal Aviation Administration
1989-05
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Semiannual Report to Congress on the Effectiveness of the Civil Aviation Security Program: January 1, 1988 - June 30, 1988
"The report includes an analysis of the current threat against civil aviation along with information regarding hijacking attempts, security incidents, bomb threats, and passenger screening activity. It also summarizes ongoing activities to assure adequate protection of civil air commerce against hijacking/sabotage and related crimes, and other aspects of the Civil Aviation Security Program."
United States. Federal Aviation Administration
1988-11
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Plan for the Future: 10- Year Strategy for the Air Traffic Control Workforce, 2011-2020
"Safety is the top priority of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) as it manages America's National Airspace System (NAS). Thanks to the expertise of people and the support of technology, tens of thousands of aircraft are guided safely and expeditiously every day through the NAS to their destinations. Workload An important part of managing the NAS involves actively aligning controller resources with demand. The FAA 'staffs to traffic,' matching the number of air traffic controllers at its facilities with traffic volume and workload. The FAA's staffing needs are dynamic due to the dynamic nature of the workload and traffic volume. Traffic Air traffic demand has declined significantly since 2000, the peak year for traffic. For the purposes of this plan, air traffic includes aircraft that are controlled, separated and managed by air traffic controllers. This includes commercial passenger and cargo aircraft as well as general aviation and military aircraft. In the past decade, volume has declined by 22 percent and is not expected to return to 2000 levels in the near term. Headcount System-wide controller headcount is slightly higher than in 2000. We continue to hire in advance of need to allow sufficient training time for our new hires to replace retiring controllers. On a per-operation basis, the FAA has more fully certified controllers on board today than in 2000. Retirements Fiscal year 2010 retirements were below projections, and lower than FY 2009. In addition, current year retirements are trending close to plan. The FAA carefully tracks actual retirements and projects future losses to make sure its recruitment and training keep pace. Hiring In the last five years, the FAA has hired more than 7,800 new air traffic controllers. The Department of Transportation's Inspector General stated that the FAA has 'done what I can only say is a remarkable job in hiring replacements for controllers who have decided to leave.'"
United States. Federal Aviation Administration
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FAA: Lessons Learned from Transport Airplane Accidents [website]
"International commercial air travel has reached levels of safety and convenience which would have been unimaginable just a generation ago. Although almost always extremely tragic events, the lessons from accidents have played an important role in the process to continue improving aviation safety. This Lessons Learned From Transport Airplane Accidents library represents some of the most major accidents and their related lessons. The U. S. Federal Aviation Administration, with support from many other organizations and individuals, plans to continue adding to this material on an annual basis. The objective is to populate the material with many more of the most historically significant, policy shaping accidents, in order that the lessons that can be learned from their review may be available to all users of the library."
United States. Federal Aviation Administration
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FAA Aviation Safety Information Analysis and Sharing (ASIAS) [website]
"The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) promotes the open exchange of safety information in order to continuously improve aviation safety. To further this basic objective, the FAA developed the Aviation Safety Information Analysis and Sharing (ASIAS) system. The ASIAS system enables users to perform integrated quires across multiple databases, search an extensive warehouse of safety data, and display pertinent elements in an array of useful formats. A phased approach continues to be followed in the construction of this system. Additional data sources and capabilities will be available as the system evolves in response both to expanded access to shared data and to technological innovation."
United States. Federal Aviation Administration
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Plan for the Future: 10-Year Strategy for the Air Traffic Control Workforce, 2009-2018
"Air traffic controller workload and traffic volume are dynamic and so are staffing needs. One of the primary factors affecting controller workload is the demand created by air traffic. This means that an adequate number of controllers must be available to cover the peaks in traffic caused by weather and daily, weekly or seasonal variations. FAA [Federal Aviation Administration] continues to 'staff to traffic.' This practice exercises the flexibility to match the number of controllers at each facility with traffic volume and workload. System-wide, traffic has declined by about 17 percent since 2000. […] The FAA has demonstrated over the past several years that it can effectively manage the long predicted wave of expected controller retirements from the controllers that were hired as a result of the controller strike of 1981. For example, in 2005, the FAA began hiring again in anticipation of the retirements expected this decade. That year, the agency began hiring more controllers than the number that retired each year, in order to make sure enough trained controllers were on board when the retirement wave began to swell. As veteran controllers retire, controllers hired since 2005 are completing training and are replacing retirees as Certified Professional Controllers (CPCs). Similarly, controllers hired in the 1990s may move from mid-level facilities into the higher-paying, higher-workload facilities. The transition through the ranks will continue to provide increased career growth opportunities for the workforce. The current hiring plan has been designed to phase-in new hires as needed. This will avoid another major spike in retirement eligibility like the current one experienced as a result of the 1981 controller strike."
United States. Federal Aviation Administration
2009
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FAA Flight Plan: 2009-2013
The Flight Plan is the strategic plan for the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for 2009 -2013. It covers four goal areas: Increased Safety, Greater Capacity, International Leadership, and Organizational Excellence. The plan outlines previous accomplishments and future objectives for each of these areas.
United States. Federal Aviation Administration
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Advisory Circular: Fatigue Risk Management Systems for Aviation Safety
There are three major sections of this document: "(1) Describes the basic concepts of Fatigue Risk Management Systems (FRMS) and how they relate to aviation industry employees safely performing their duties. (2) Provides information on the components of a FRMS as applied to aviation and how to implement a FRMS within an aviation operation. (3) Defines a FRMS as an operator-specific process; therefore, while all FRMS will have common elements, the specifics must be tailored to an operator's particular conditions."
United States. Federal Aviation Administration
2010-08-03
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Advisory Circular: Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighter (ARFF) Training Facilties
"This advisory circular (AC) provides guidance on the design, construction, and operation of aircraft rescue and fire fighting (ARFF) training facilities."
United States. Federal Aviation Administration
2010-09-03
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Advisory Circular: Airport Foreign Object Debris (FOD) Management
"This advisory circular (AC) provides guidance for developing and managing an airport foreign object debris (FOD) program. In addition, this AC provides specifications for the equipment used in FOD removal operations."
United States. Federal Aviation Administration
2010-09-30
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Advisory Circular: Airport Water Rescue Plans and Equiptment
"This Advisory Circular (AC) provides guidance to assist airport operators in preparing for water rescue operations.[...]The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) recommends the guidelines and standards in this AC for the operation of civil airports where aeronautical activity is conducted near a significant body of water. In general, use of this AC is not mandatory. However, this AC provides guidance in meeting the requirements outlined in Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) §139.325, Airport Emergency Plan. An airport operator may elect to follow an alternative method, provided it is also found by the FAA to be an acceptable means of complying with 14 CFR part 139, Certification of Airports. For airports certificated under part 139 the use of the guidelines and standards in this AC is mandatory. In the event of a conflict, the requirements under 14 CFR part 139 takes precedence over the guidelines set forth in this AC. The standards contained in this AC must be used for the development of new Airport Water Rescue Plans and are to be implemented at all part 139 certificated airports no later than one year from the effective date of this AC. In addition to the foregoing, the use of this AC is mandatory for all projects funded with federal grant monies through the Airport Improvement Program (AIP) and with revenue from the Passenger Facility Charges (PFC) Program."
United States. Federal Aviation Administration
2010-09-29
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Criminal Acts Against Civil Aviation: 1989
"The Federal Aviation Administration's Office of Civil Aviation Security maintains records of aircraft hijackings, bombing attacks, and other significant criminal acts against civil aviation worldwide. These records include actual and attempted hijackings: explosions aboard aircraft, at airports, and at airline offices; and other selected criminal acts against civil aviation. These offenses represent serious threats to the safety of civil aviation and, in those incidents involving U.S. air carriers or facilities outside the United States, are often intended as symbolic attacks against the United States. This edition summarizes events which occurred during 1989 and places the events in perspective within a 5-year period."
United States. Federal Aviation Administration
1989-01
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Criminal Acts Against Civil Aviation, 1997
"Criminal Acts Against Civil Aviation is a publication of the Federal Aviation Administration's Office of Civil Aviation Security. This document records incidents that have taken place against civil aviation aircraft and interests worldwide. Criminal Acts has been published each year since 1986. Incidents recorded in this report are summarized in regional geographic overviews. Feature articles focus on case histories or on specific aviation-related issues. Incidents are also sorted into one of seven categories and compared over a five-year period. In addition, charts and graphs have been prepared to assist the reader in interpreting the data. The cutoff date for information in this report is December 31, 1997. The information contained in this publication is derived from a variety of foreign and domestic sources. In many cases, however, specific details of a particular incident may not be available, especially if it occurs outside the United States. While every effort has been made to provide complete and accurate information, it is not always possible to verify accounts of some incidents."
United States. Federal Aviation Administration
1997
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Federal Aviation Administration Plan for Research, Engineering and Development 1993
"The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) manages and operates the National Airspace System (NAS), a significant national resource. However, the demands on this system are continuously growing, and changing technologies provide the opportunity to dramatically improve system effectiveness and efficiency. To this end, the FAA's R,E&D Program is an investment in the future that will sustain the United States preeminence in aviation throughout the world. Without this investment, the United States leadership would erode. Thus, the importance of aviation to the Nation Mandates a comprehensive research, engineering, and development program to ensure both the safety of public air transportation and the fulfillment national priorities and policy goals. The contributions of aviation to the Nation's economy cannot be overstated. Aviation and related industries contribute over $600 billion to the United States economy (5.5 percent gross domestic product (GDP), encompassing over 8 million jobs. Aviation is critical to business travel, tourism, and travel services (a $47.5 billion industry), as well as aircraft components ($24.7 billion), cargo and mail transport, and industrial national and international competitiveness. Aerospace is by far the largest exporting industry for the United States, with a 1990 industry trade surplus of $27 billion. The United States is currently the recognized world leader in aerospace, aviation, and air traffic control, However, this leadership role cannot be sustained without continued research into new and evolving technologies."
United States. Federal Aviation Administration
1994-02
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Making the NextGen Vision a Reality: 2006 Progress Report to the Next Generation Air Transportation System Integrated Plan
"NextGen implementation has already begun. Right now, two critical foundational technologies are being implemented. Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) is an essential element in developing our satellite-based surveillance capabilities. ADS-B is different from traditional ground-based surveillance and control systems. With ADS-B the controller, the pilot, and other aircraft see the same information at the same time. Another critical initiative is System Wide Information Management (SWIM). This networking-based initiative is an essential part of developing NextGen's Network-Enabled Operations (NEO). In an Internet-like fashion it will link information of all kinds (position, weather, restricted airspace notices, etc.) to all relevant users in the system. Both of these programs have been funded by the FAA."
United States. Federal Aviation Administration
2007
