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Voting Access for Native Americans: Case Studies & Best Practices
From the Introduction: "The U.S. Election Assistance Commission (EAC) is an independent, bipartisan commission charged with helping to improve American elections. One of the EAC's top priorities is serving as a national clearinghouse of information on election administration so that all eligible Americans can fully participate in elections. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the current total population of Native American persons in the United States is over 9.7 million. Native Americans are diverse Indigenous peoples of the United States, with over 574 unique federally recognized tribal governments-- this number changes annually as tribes gain or lose federal recognition. Federally recognized tribes are entities recognized as having tribal sovereignty and are entitled to certain protections because of their relationship to the United States. Tribes determine their own governance structures and write their laws except where a treaty or legal decision applies. Each tribal government has a formal nation-to-nation relationship with the United States government. Native Americans are both citizens of their tribes and citizens of the United States. Tribal citizens are guaranteed the same full U.S. and state constitutional rights and protections as every other citizen, including voting rights, whether they live on or off tribal lands. [...] Ever since the United States formally became a nation, Native Americans have faced unique barriers to obtaining full citizenship and voting rights. This document details some of the mitigation measures jurisdictions have implemented when administering non-tribal elections in areas where federally recognized tribal governments are located."
United States. Election Assistance Commission
2021-11-10
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Health and Safety at the Polling Place
From the Overview: "For the remaining 2020 elections, both primaries and in November, jurisdictions will still offer in-person voting, whether at Election Day polling places, or during early in-person voting at sites or the election offices. In the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] environment, election officials should understand potential election management considerations associated with health and safety at voting locations. Regardless of the size of a jurisdiction's in-person operation, methods should be developed to protect the health and safety of poll workers and voters. Decisions affecting upcoming elections should be made as soon as possible to facilitate a safe election and minimize the operational risks associated with changing processes and procedures at a late date. [...] The guidance in this document includes engineering and administrative suggestions that can help minimize or mitigate poll worker exposure to COVID-19."
United States. Election Assistance Commission
2020-05-28
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Safeguarding Staff and Work Environment from COVID-19
From the Overview: "The health and safety of election staff is of paramount concern to election officials as they prepare to administer the November 2020 election. Protecting staff 'now' offers administrators the greatest opportunity to minimize the operational risks associated with running elections, particularly in an environment with many expected changes in voting behavior and changes to election administration processes and procedures. Unlike the management decisions concerning how voters will participate in November, work environment changes can be introduced now by election officials and modified as time goes on and the situation changes. Much of the guidance in this document is based upon reviewing information available from The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [...] The points addressed in this document are a mix of engineering and administrative changes that can help isolate workers from the virus as much as possible and change the way they work to avoid exposure in situations where all risk cannot be eliminated."
United States. Election Assistance Commission
2020-05-28
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Considerations for Modifying the Scale of In-Person Voting
From the Document: "Increasing mail voting or expanding early voting may allow election officials to reduce the number of voting locations and poll workers required on Election Day. This could help mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] on the availability of poll workers or voting locations. However, reducing the number of locations can have dramatic effects on voter access, lines and congestion and should be done with caution and in view of considerations in this document. Election officials should assess any changes they are contemplating in comparison to the pre-COVID-19 voting model. The possible changes to the ratios of mail voting and in-person voting (Election Day and early voting) can be a starting point. The necessary policy decisions should be made as early as possible so that election officials have time to administer the change(s). [...] Officials should review this document in conjunction with the other Government Coordinating Council (GCC) and Sector Coordinating Council (SCC) Joint COVID Working Group documents."
United States. Election Assistance Commission
2020-05-28
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Innovative Practices and New Solutions
From the Overview: "Innovative practices and new solutions have been implemented through the 2020 primary election season in response to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. They offer illustrations of operations that are possible, either as principal solutions or as backup options for the 2020 general election. [...] Resilient Election Day operations should include contingencies for voting locations being unable to open as a result of last-minute facility cancelations, poll worker or staff shortages, and other potential problems related to the pandemic. Some modifications election officials have employed include: [1] Consolidating the number of locations into larger 'super centers' that can serve the same projected number of in-person voters, but with fewer poll workers and locations. [2] Creating a ticketing or reservation system so voters do not have to stand in line while waiting to vote. [3] Deploying drive-through voting and ballot drop-off locations. [4] Using a 'teller' window to separate the voter and poll worker. Although this document provides many examples, election officials are continuing to develop new and groundbreaking ideas."
United States. Election Assistance Commission
2020-07-21?
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Finding Voting Locations and Poll Workers
From the Overview: "While many election officials have responded to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] by focusing on increased mail voting, they will still hold in-person voting and will need to find voting locations and poll workers to staff sites. There will be challenges finding locations that will open to the public and workers who will be willing to staff them. This document provides input on risks and associated mitigations that relate to in-person voting."
United States. Election Assistance Commission
2020-05-28
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Election Education and Outreach for Increased Absentee or Mail Voting
From the Overview: "As demand for absentee or mail ballots increases, states should consider how to communicate changes to voters. Effective communication can increase public access and participation, trust in our election process and facilitate election infrastructure security and integrity by providing voters with clear access to accurate information about the election process. Particularly important is communicating about the security and integrity of the absentee or mail voting process, both to increase public awareness of the security processes and to combat possible disinformation campaigns."
United States. Election Assistance Commission
2020-05-20?
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Importance of Accurate Voter Data When Expanding Absentee or Mail Ballot Voting
From the Overview: "Election officials expanding the use of absentee or mail voting must continually work to ensure that voter data is accurate. An incorrect name, address, or signature on file for a voter may result in that voter not receiving a ballot on time or at all, or their voted ballot not being counted. [...] Inaccuracies in address records can result from voter actions or omissions, such as moving to a new address without providing notice to election officials, or they can be caused by other factors, such as data entry errors. An initial mailing to voters, sent well before mailing any ballots, can give election officials an early indication of existing issues with their records and offer an early opportunity to clean up potential errors. This initial mailing could serve the dual purposes of explaining any coming changes to voters--including any COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]-related changes--and exposing potentially problematic addresses for election officials. It can also inform voters displaced because of COVID-19 (e.g., people living with family/friends, in care facilities) that they need to update their voter registration information, such as temporary mailing address."
United States. Election Assistance Commission
2020-05-20?
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Electronic Ballot Delivery and Marking
From the Overview: "In light of social distancing measures enacted in many areas of the country, many election officials are looking for ways to expand the options they can provide to their voters to cast a ballot privately and independently. One such option being considered is the expansion of electronic ballot delivery and marking. Although there are risks associated with expanding the use of Internet-connected election technologies, election officials must manage those risks under the current conditions. This document provides a list of FAQs [frequently asked questions] and considerations for jurisdictions intending to implement or expand the use of electronic ballot delivery systems. Election officials typically have months or years to implement a new technology, but in the current environment, many do not have that luxury. Therefore, the Election Infrastructure Government Coordinating Council (GCC) and Sector Coordinating Council (SCC) are providing a list of considerations for election officials determining whether the expansion of electronic ballot delivery and marking is appropriate for their jurisdiction."
United States. Election Assistance Commission
2020-05-20?
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U.S. Election Assistance Commission: 2020 Annual Report
From the Chairman's Message: "Looking back on 2020, we are proud of the role we played and the work we did to assist state and local election officials as over 150 million Americans voted. The successful administration of the 2020 election provides reassurance that the foundation of America's democracy thrived amid record voter participation and despite a global pandemic. This was in no small part because of the herculean efforts by state and local election officials. Many of the successful measures they developed this year should improve the voting experience in future elections, like increasing the pool of poll workers and improving absentee/mail ballot operations. [...] Finally, our election infrastructure took a huge leap forward in matters of election security, with election officials as well as cyber and national security professionals declaring the November 3rd election 'the most secure in American history.' To maintain and build on this success, however, will require continued investment in the infrastructure of our democracy. Specifically, election officials regularly discuss the need for consistent federal funding that can sustain and grow the innovative practices we have seen."
United States. Election Assistance Commission
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Lessons Learned from the 2020 Primary During COVID-19
From the Document: "This document includes common themes and feedback from election officials, in their own words, outlining their observations, lessons learned, and best practices based on their experience of adjusting to conducting a large turnout election after the outbreak of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] required stay at home orders across the United States. This document does not include feedback from states that saw no shift in their processes due to already conducting their elections by mail and is not exhaustive of all experiences in the 2020 primary election calendar. It includes information shared with the EAC [Election Assistance Commission] through webinars, interviews, and a public hearing on lessons learned from the 2020 primaries. While officials saw a surge of ballots cast by mail or absentee, it is notable that election officials spent considerable time highlighting to the EAC the unique challenges they faced in conducting in-person voting and the extensive planning that they are undertaking to ensure safe and accessible in-person voting for November."
United States. Election Assistance Commission
2020-09-04?
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Election Administration and Voting Survey 2020 Comprehensive Report: A Report from the U.S. Election Assistance Commission to the 117th Congress
From the Executive Summary: "Since 2004, the U.S. Election Assistance Commission (EAC) has conducted the Election Administration and Voting Survey (EAVS) following each federal general election. The EAVS asks all 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and five U.S. territories--American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands--to provide data about the ways Americans vote and how elections are administered. Since 2008, this project has included a separate survey, the Election Administration Policy Survey (Policy Survey), that collects information about state election laws, policies, and practices. The EAVS provides the most comprehensive source of state and local jurisdiction-level data about election administration in the United States. These data play a vital role in helping election officials, policymakers, and other election stakeholders identify trends, anticipate and respond to changing voter needs, invest resources to improve election administration and the voter experience, and better secure U.S. elections infrastructure. The EAVS data make it possible to examine the details of the U.S. election infrastructure and to produce a generalizable understanding of core aspects of the election process and the management challenges faced by election officials. The survey provides policymakers and the public with critical information every two years about how federal elections are conducted, and it helps the EAC fulfill its congressionally mandated reporting requirements."
United States. Election Assistance Commission
2021-08-16?
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State-By-State Compendium: Election Worker Laws & Statutes
From the Background: "The United States Election Assistance Commission (EAC) is an independent, bipartisan agency created by the Help America Vote Act (HAVA) of 2002 to assist State and local election administrators with the administration of Federal elections. The EAC conducts studies and other activities to promote the effective administration of Federal elections; and serves as a national clearinghouse and resource of information regarding election administration. In 2005, the EAC created a Compendium of State Poll Worker Requirements, along with its election guidebooks. The Compendium is a framework for understanding the legal requirements for serving as a poll worker in the many States. [...] For this Fourth Edition, the EAC worked with each state and territory to update the summaries with the most accurate statutes and regulations that govern poll worker requirements. The compendium is a compilation of State laws, regulations, and information provided by each State and territory, however, the EAC is not responsible for the content or accuracy of the data. State laws change, and any user of this document should verify the current state of the laws."
United States. Election Assistance Commission
2020-08
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Inbound Ballot Process
From the Overview: "The inbound ballot process covers everything that takes place from the time ballots are brought back to the counting facility by ballot collection teams or delivered by USPS [United States Postal Service], until the ballots are permanently sealed in storage containers for the retention period. This includes ballot receiving, ballot verification, ballot preparation, ballot scanning, ballot tabulation, and post-election audits. Although state laws vary on how soon before the election each part of the process can begin, there are some advanced considerations regarding purchasing equipment and building procedures. One of the most important components of the inbound ballot process is having a system to track ballots as they move from one processing area to another to account for any changes in the overall quantity. This guide outlines considerations for a typical inbound ballot process in a high-volume mail ballot environment."
United States. Election Assistance Commission
2020-05-20?
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Managing an Increase in Outbound Ballots
From the Overview: "Mailing a greater volume of ballots takes considerable planning. This document seeks to help election officials who are faced with scaling up, no matter what their current baseline is for mailing ballots. The following questions and answers focus primarily on partnerships with your procurement office, designers, envelope and mail ballot print vendors, the US Postal Service (USPS), and mail fulfillment centers. Other resources available to election officials as they navigate this set of changes are provided in the last section."
United States. Election Assistance Commission
2020-05-08?
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Helping Voters to Request a Mail-In Ballot
From the Overview: "A process to help voters apply to vote by mail by sending them an application or by building an online request tool should be put into motion as early as possible before an election. The following questions and answers seek to help election officials implementing expanded vote by mail application processes."
United States. Election Assistance Commission
2020-05-20?
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Signature Verification and Cure Process
From the Overview: "The FAQs [frequently asked questions] for the signature verification and curing process are provided separate from the Inbound Ballot Process guide because this process is not performed or required in every state for accepting mail ballots, or absentee applications, for counting. On its face, the process is simple: Does the signature on the envelope match the signature on the voter registration form? Yes or no? When dealing with just a handful of returned mail ballots, this is a manageable process. When dealing with tens of thousands of signatures, this review has the potential to become a bottleneck in the process. Having a highly organized process and a well-trained team of verifiers is the key to success."
United States. Election Assistance Commission
2020-05-20?
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Ballot Drop Box
From the Overview: "A ballot drop box provides a secure and convenient means for voters to return their mail ballot. A drop box is a secure, locked structure operated by election officials where voters may deliver their ballots from the time they receive them in the mail up to the time polls close on Election Day. Ballot drop boxes can be staffed or unstaffed, temporary or permanent. Unstaffed drop boxes are typically available 24 hours a day and permanently anchored in place. Staffed drop boxes are typically available during regular business hours and monitored by trained workers during those hours. Whether you are standing up a temporary vote-by-mail program statewide or locally, or you plan to develop a permanent program of voting primarily by mail, there are a few things to know and consider when planning for the use of ballot drop boxes."
United States. Election Assistance Commission
2020-04-09?
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Preparing for Increased Mail or Absentee Ballots During COVID-19
From the Document: "The 2020 primaries saw a dramatic shift in the use of mail and absentee ballots. In Kentucky, absentee ballots usually represent less than 2% of votes in Kentucky. The 2020 primary saw record turnout of an estimated 1.1 million voters with an estimated 75% casting their ballot absentee. Similarly, 1.75 million mail ballots were requested in New York, 11 times more than usual. The Michigan presidential primary saw a 97% increase in absentee ballot requests over their previous level from 2016. It is clear that jurisdictions will see record rates of mail and absentee voting in 2020. [...] A dramatic increase in mail or absentee ballots can lead to numerous challenges related to processing ballots, and further amplifies the need for a positive working relationship with the postal service and vendors. Increased use of mail and absentee ballots in the primary and lessons learned from states that conduct all elections by mail have helped to identify some of these potential issues before November."
United States. Election Assistance Commission
2020?
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Assisting Sick, Exposed, Symptomatic, and Quarantined Voters
From the Document: "Election officials across the country are implementing practices to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] during the November elections. Mitigation measures for in-person voting, such as wearing a face covering, social distancing, hand hygiene, cleaning and disinfection, and other measures, lessen the risk of spreading COVID-19 among voters, poll workers, and other individuals at voting locations. These measures mitigate the spread of COVID-19 from knowingly and unknowingly infected individuals alike. [...] This document seeks to briefly summarize existing guidance on assisting knowingly infected, exposed, symptomatic, and/or quarantined voters and share relevant practices used by election officials during 2020 primary elections. The document complements previous voluntary guidance on in-person voting offered by the Election Infrastructure Subsector's Government Coordinating Council (GCC) and Sector Coordinating Council (SCC) Joint COVID-19 Working Group. As election laws vary by state, election officials should seek legal guidance before implementing the practices described in this guidance."
United States. Election Assistance Commission
2020-09-29?
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U.S. Election Assistance Commission [website]
From the Webpage: "The U.S. Election Assistance Commission (EAC) was established by the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA). EAC is an independent, bipartisan commission charged with developing guidance to meet HAVA requirements, adopting voluntary voting system guidelines, and serving as a national clearinghouse of information on election administration. EAC also accredits testing laboratories and certifies voting systems, as well as audits the use of HAVA funds. Other responsibilities include maintaining the national mail voter registration form developed in accordance with the National Voter Registration Act of 1993."
United States. Election Assistance Commission
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Election Security Risk Profile Tool [website]
From the Introduction: "This tool is intended to help identify and prioritize risk to a State or Jurisdiction's election infrastructure and to identify mitigation options. In order to provide this Risk Profile, the user should respond to the questions in each election component page. Responses across components are transferred to the 'Risk Profile' report which provides an overview of the component's high priority risk areas."
United States. Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency; United States. Election Assistance Commission
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