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Decade of Decline in Person Crossings from Mexico and Canada into the United States
"The number of persons crossing into the United States through its ports of entry along the Canadian and Mexican borders has been declining since 2000. Recently, research¬ers have proposed various reasons for the decline in per¬son crossings, including (but not limited to) the economies of the three nations and increased security at the borders. This report does not examine reasons for the decline in person crossings, rather the trends in person crossings by mode are investigated. In 2009, there were approximately 252 million person crossings into the United States from Mexico and Canada. The majority of those crossings (75 percent) took place along the Mexican border. Along both the northern and southern borders, a large proportion of crossings were with personal vehicles. An additional 17 percent of total crossings were by pedestrians."
United States. Bureau of Transportation Statistics; United States. Department of Transportation. Research and Innovative Technology Administration
Guarino, Jenny
2011-02
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Model Uniform Core Criteria for Mass Casualty Incident Triage: Addendum to the Paramedic Instructional Guidelines
From the Background: "The MUCC [Model Uniform Core Criteria] criteria are provided here as background knowledge for instructors. MUCC was created to address the issues inherent in mass casualty incidents that cross jurisdictional lines, where responders may be using different triage systems. As Lerner et al. (2011) write, 'for operational simplicity, communication interoperability, and clinical efficiency, it is preferable for all of the responders at a given incident to use the same triage system, or at the very least operate from some common elements.'"
United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; United States. Department of Transportation
2017-12
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Art of Appropriate Evaluation: A Guide for Highway Safety Program Manager
This guide is intended for project managers who will oversee the evaluation of traffic safety programs. It describes the benefits of evaluation and provides an overview of the steps involved. The guide includes case examples to illustrate the described concepts and discusses what to look for when hiring a professional evaluator, for large or complex evaluations.
United States. Department of Transportation; United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
2008-08-21?
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Federal Radionavigational Systems
"The Federal Radionavigation Systems (FRS) covers common-use radionavigation systems (i.e., systems used by both civil and military sectors). These systems are sometimes used in combination with each other or with other systems. Systems used exclusively by the military are covered in the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) Master Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Plan (MPNTP)."
United States. Department of Defense; United States. Department of Transportation; United States. National Technical Information Service
2001
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DOT Guidance for Preparing Packages of Ebola Contaminated Waste for Transportation and Disposal
DOT is Department of Transportation. "This guidance is intended for persons who prepare packages containing waste contaminated or suspected of being contaminated with Ebola, for transportation to off-site treatment and disposal. It provides guidance on DOT regulations regarding the transportation of a Category A infectious substance only and highlights some of the requirements of the HMR, which can affect transportation safety. This document should not be used as a substitute for the HMR to determine compliance."
United States. Department of Transportation; United States. Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
2014?
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LTAP/TTAP Strategic Plan
"The Strategic Plan governs the Local and Tribal Technical Assistance Program (LTAP/TTAP) of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). The national LTAP/TTAP delivers training and technical assistance through 58 local Centers across the United States and Puerto Rico. The Program was established in 1982 to provide local agencies with training programs and information to address the maintenance of rural roadways and bridges. This Strategic Plan was implemented in 2004 to provide structure and accountability to the Federal program as well as address current and future challenges regarding program focus and alignment. LTAP/TTAP services allow local, rural and tribal communities to maximize the performance of their transportation workforce and create and manage a safe, efficient, and environmentally sound transportation infrastructure. All Centers are funded by FHWA, with LTAPs requiring a 50/50 match requirement from states and/or other sources. This Strategic Plan is a suite of documents that cover operations and activities across the national program. The main section includes the vision, mission, and focus areas for activities that guide the 58 Centers at the national program level. Those focus areas -- Safety, Infrastructure Management, Workforce Development, and Organizational Excellence -- are broadly aligned with the goals of the FHWA Strategic Plan and the local roads community. Other elements of the Plan include program performance measures and reporting tools necessary to analyze and manage national efforts, and a list of roles and responsibilities for national program stakeholders that ensures alignment and accountability among all parties."
United States. Department of Transportation; United States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Technical Services
2014
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Commodity Preparedness and Incident Management Reference Sheet: Petroleum Crude Oil
From the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration website, "Developed in conjunction with experts from the hazmat emergency response community, railroads and industry, this document provides emergency response organizations with a standard incident management framework based on pre-incident planning and preparedness principles and best practices. The reference sheet covers transportation safety and precautions, hazard assessment and risk, rail safety procedures, logistics, and the tools, equipment and resources necessary to prepare for and respond to crude oil rail transportation incidents."
United States. Department of Transportation; United States. Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
2014-09
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2014 Federal Radionavigation Plan
From the Executive Summary: "The Federal Radionavigation Plan (FRP) reflects the official positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) policy and planning for the Federal Government. Within the construct of the National PNT Architecture, the FRP covers both terrestrial- and space-based, common-use, federally operated PNT systems. Systems used exclusively by the military are covered in Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction 6130.01, DoD Master Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Plan (MPNTP). The FRP does not include systems that mainly perform surveillance and communication functions. The policies and operating plans described in this document cover the following PNT systems: [1] Global Positioning System (GPS) [2] Augmentations to GPS [3] Instrument Landing System (ILS) [4] Very High Frequency (VHF) Omnidirectional Range (VOR) [5] Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) [6] Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) [7] Aeronautical Nondirectional Beacon (NDB) [8] Microwave Landing System (MLS) [9] Internet Time Service (ITS) [10] Radio Station WWVB signal [11] Two-Way Satellite Time Transfer (TWSTT) [12] Network Time Protocol (NTP). […] A major goal of DoD and DOT is to ensure that a mix of common-use (civil and military) systems is available to meet user requirements for accuracy, reliability, availability, continuity, integrity, coverage, operational utility, and cost; to provide adequate capability for growth; and to eliminate unnecessary duplication of services. The National PNT Architecture is a framework to assist United States Government (USG) organizations with investment decisions. Selecting a future PNT systems mix is a complex task, since user requirements vary widely and change with time."
United States. Department of Defense; United States. Department of Transportation; United States. Department of Homeland Security
2014
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Crash Prevention Effectiveness of Light-Vehicle Electronic Stability Control: An Update of the 2007 NHTSA Evaluation
"Statistical analyses based on FARS [Fatality Analysis Reporting System] and NASS [National Automotive Sampling System] CDS data from 1997 to 2009 found that a vehicle equipped with electronic stability control (ESC) had a smaller likelihood of being involved in a crash than a similar vehicle without ESC. This analysis estimates the magnitude of that reduction for different types of crashes and for different types of vehicles. Overall, ESC was associated with a 5-percent decrease in the likelihood that a passenger car would be involved in any police-reported crash and a 23 percent reduction in the probability that a passenger car would be involved in a fatal crash. For light trucks and vans (LTVs), the reductions are 7 percent and 20 percent respectively. Each of these reductions is statistically significant except the 5 percent overall effect for passenger cars. Fatal first-event rollovers are reduced by 56 percent in passenger cars and by 74 percent in LTVs. Fatal impacts with fixed objects are reduced by 47 percent in passenger cars and 45 percent in LTVs. These reductions are statistically significant."
United States. Department of Transportation; United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
2011-06
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Restrictions on Railroad Operating Employees' Use of Cellular Telephones and Other Electronic Devices
"FRA [Federal Railroad Administration] is amending its railroad
communications regulations by
restricting use of mobile telephones and
other distracting electronic devices by
railroad operating employees. This rule
codifies most of the requirements of
FRA Emergency Order No. 26, which is
supplanted by this final rule on the date
it becomes effective. FRA has revised
some of the substantive requirements of
that Emergency Order as well as its
scope to accommodate changes that
FRA believes are appropriate based
upon its experience with the Emergency
Order and in response to public
comments submitted in response to the
proposed rule."
United States. Office of the Federal Register; United States. Federal Railroad Administration; United States. Department of Transportation
2010-09-27
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National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) General Estimates System (GES) Analytical Users Manual 1988-2009
"One of the primary objectives of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) is to reduce the staggering human toll and property damage that motor vehicle traffic crashes impose on our society. Crashes each year result in thousands of lives lost, hundreds of thousands of injured victims, and billions of dollars in property damage. Accurate data are required to support the development, implementation, and assessment of highway safety programs aimed at reducing this toll. NHTSA uses data from many sources, including the National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) General Estimates System (GES) which began operation in 1988. Providing data about all types of crashes involving all types of vehicles, the GES is used to identify highway safety problem areas, provide a basis for regulatory and consumer information initiatives, and form the basis for cost and benefit analyses of highway safety initiatives."
United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; United States. Department of Transportation
2010-08
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IntelliDrive - Vehicle Safety Communications Working Toward V2V Deployment [presentation]
This is a presentation discussing the development of IntelliDrive Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications safety program, which is a program of the Department of Transportation. The vision of the program is for all vehicles on the roadway to have this to allow the vehicles to communicate with the vehicles around them to support a next generation of active safety applications and systems.
United States. Department of Transportation; United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Harding, John
2010-07-20
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Efficacy of Prehospital Application of Tourniquets and Hemostatic Dressings to Control Traumatic External Hemorrhage
"In the United States, data collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicate that traumatic injuries in 2008 accounted for 181,226 deaths. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, motor vehicle crashes in 2010 were responsible for 32,885 deaths and 2,239,000 injures. In contrast in the same year interpersonal violence and falls were responsible for 20,000 and 31,600 deaths, respectively. Death from road injuries was the fifth leading cause of death, exceeded only by death from ischemic heart disease, lung cancer, stroke, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Some of these injury-related deaths are due to traumatic external hemorrhage and exsanguination. An analysis by Kauvar et al. of the National Trauma Data Bank for the years 2002-2005 found a 2.8% death rate among patients with an 'isolated lower extremity trauma with an arterial component.' Among the same set of patients, 6.5% suffered amputations. The authors suggested that deaths from traumatic external hemorrhage and exsanguination may be preventable with better prehospital control of hemorrhage. A smaller study of patients who died from isolated extremity injuries at two hospitals in the Houston area was reported by Dorlac et al. The study suggested if prehospital hemorrhage control been employed, some of these patients might have been saved. These patients were treated primarily by gauze dressings before reaching a hospital."
United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; United States. Department of Transportation
2014-05
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Emergency Medical Services Performance Measures: Recommended Attributes and Indicators for System and Service Performance
"The EMS [Emergency Medical Service] Performance Measures Project, begun in 2002 and concluded in 2007, gives the Nation's EMS community an additional tool to gauge and report various aspects of an EMS system including the environment in which EMS responds, the performance of emergency medical service (EMS) agencies, and the overall performance of local systems. We recognize that many EMS performance measures existed at the beginning of this project and that others evolved in many geographic, sponsor-specific, and specialty areas during its course. So, for some, this tool may offer enhancement to their current measurement criteria by establishing common measures nationwide while, for others, it may offer a mechanism to begin measurement in their local jurisdictions. The goals of the project, addressed in two distinct phases, were to determine whether the country's EMS leadership desired a common set of specifically defined measures and, if so, what those measures would be. The answer to the first was 'yes .' This project report offers 35 consensus-based measures that addresses the second. [...] Local EMS agencies and systems are encouraged to begin using some type of EMS performance measures to evaluate and benchmark their own systems. They may choose these or other performance measures customary to the industry. Once baseline measures are established in local systems, then comparative reports can be delivered according to a timeline determined by system leaders. These reports will be useful in making necessary system changes and assuring quality service to the public."
United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; United States. Department of Transportation
2009-12
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Nerve Agent Information for Emergency Medical Services and Hospitals
"This document provides a quick refresher on standard protocols for recognizing, treating, and protecting yourself from nerve agent exposures. Comprehensive follow-up guidance for Law Enforcement, Fire, EMS [emergency medical services], HazMat [hazardous materials], and Hospital-Based First Receivers incorporating lessons learned and best practices from the recent United Kingdom incidents will be forthcoming."
United States. Department of Homeland Security; United States. Department of Transportation; United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2018-08
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Threat Assessment of Hazardous Materials Transportation in Aircraft Cargo Compartments
"The U.S. Department of Transportation's (DOT) John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center) has conducted a quantitative threat assessment for the Office of Hazardous Materials Safety (OHMS) to determine the probability that a life-threatening incident would occur as a result of transporting hazardous materials in aircraft cargo compartments. The study team developed a threat assessment model and refined threat scenarios with the help of a panel of experts who contributed potential countermeasures, suggested experimental tests and provided input data for the model. The model calculated the likelihood of life-threatening incidents based on the presence of a package containing various selected "worst likely" hazardous materials, the specific cargo compartment type and the package's given state of compliance (or non-compliance) with current DOT hazardous materials regulations."
United States. Department of Transportation; John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (U.S.)
1999-12
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Security and Emergency Management: An Information Briefing for Executives and Senior Leaders of State Departments of Transportation
"This briefing is intended to introduce executives and senior leaders to plans, concepts, and terminology used by the security and emergency management community. It can also serve as a checklist for use in determining the organizational structure, degree of preparedness, and response capabilities of your organization."
United States. Department of Transportation. Research and Special Programs Administration; United States. Federal Highway Administration
2010-01-26
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Faster Response Time: Effective Use of Resources: Integrating Transportation Systems and Emergency Management Systems
This booklet discusses how coordinating emergency dispatchers with transportation management agencies can improve effectiveness and response times. When emergency services agencies share facilities and traffic monitoring resources with transportation management agencies, there is a quantifiable improvement in the efficiency and rate of incident response.
United States. Department of Transportation; United States. Joint Program Office for Intelligent Transportation Systems
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React Project: Rural Enhancement on Access and Care for Trauma
"Preventable mortality refers to deaths that could have been prevented medically under different circumstances. Typically, rural areas have a higher preventable mortality rate than urban regions. This may be due to a number of factors, such as the time elapsed from the emergency call to the arrival of the ambulance at the scene of the incident, the time for the ambulance to reach the trauma center, insufficient experience with certain trauma procedures due to infrequent occurrences, and inadequate training for EMS personnel in rural areas. This project evaluated the impact of a continuous quality improvement system, aimed at pre-hospital and hospital emergency providers of trauma care in rural areas, on the overall preventable mortality rate in rural eastern North Carolina. This program significantly contributed to the decrease in preventable deaths and inappropriate care in north eastern rural North Carolina."
United States. Department of Transportation; United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Garrison, Herbert G.; Gough, Sallie B.; Swanson, Melvin S.
2002-10
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Emergency Medical Services Outcomes Evaluation
"The provision of prehospital (EMS) care has come under increased scrutiny in recent years. Many have questioned the value of the range of EMS services currently provided. There is a persistent concern about the lack of proof of effectiveness related to most EMS care. Clinical effectiveness studies to address EMS outcomes research require the development of sophisticated case-severity and effectiveness measures. Outcomes research will allow future generations of Americans to have an EMS system that provides both quality and cost-effective EMS care. This report describes a project that has laid the foundation for these clinical effectiveness studies to take place. This project developed a 'blueprint' or 'set of tools' that EMS practitioners can use to evaluate the effectiveness of EMS, or prehospital, care."
United States. Department of Transportation; United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Maio, Ronald
2003-07
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Hazardous Liquid Integrity Management Enforcement Guidance Sections 195.450 and 452
"The materials contained in this document consist of guidance, techniques, procedures and other information for internal use by the PHMSA [Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration] pipeline safety enforcement staff. This guidance document describes the practices used by PHMSA pipeline safety investigators and other enforcement personnel in undertaking their compliance, inspection, and enforcement activities. This document is U.S. Government property and is to be used in conjunction with official duties. […] Decisions about specific investigations and enforcement cases are made according to the specific facts and circumstances at hand. Investigations and compliance determinations often require careful legal and technical analysis of complicated issues. Although this guidance document serves as a reference for the staff responsible for investigations and enforcement, no set of procedures or policies can replace the need for active and ongoing consultation with supervisors, colleagues, and the Office of Chief Counsel in enforcement matters. Comments and suggestions for future changes and additions to this guidance document are invited and should be forwarded to your supervisor. The materials in this guidance document may be modified or revoked without prior notice by PHMSA management."
United States. Department of Transportation; United States. Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
2013-09-17
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ICS Security in Maritime Transportation: A White Paper Examining the Security and Resiliency of Critical Transportation Infrastructure
"The John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center was asked by the Office of Security of the Maritime Administration to examine the issue of industrial control systems (ICS) security in the Maritime Transportation System (MTS), and to develop a white paper based upon its findings for circulation amongst MTS stakeholders. In evaluating the issue, this paper first discusses the role of the MTS as part of the domestic and international transportation system and global supply chain, and provides examples of the economic impact of past natural and manmade disruptions to the MTS. It next explores the uses and applications of ICS throughout the MTS, identifies potential cybersecurity vulnerabilities of ICS, and provides examples of possible ICS failures and the potential impact on the MTS. Finally, the paper explores the issue in the context of Federal policy governing critical infrastructure, cybersecurity and supply chain resilience, and makes a number of recommendations that government agencies and the private sector might consider in order to mitigate the ICS security risks."
United States. Department of Transportation; John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (U.S.)
Wallischeck, Eric York
2013-07
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U.S Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) Pipeline Technical Resources [website]
"This site is administered by the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA). It provides technical and regulatory information concerning issues and recent rulemaking for selected pipeline safety topics. This site is oriented primarily toward operators to provide information useful for complying with PHMSA regulations. However, all stakeholders might find this material informative. The below links provide information for the latest rulemaking, advisory bulletin, and instructions for submitting required notifications. This site is updated as needed to reflect new developments and information pertinent to these issues."
United States. Department of Transportation; United States. Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
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2013 Status of the Nation's Highways, Bridges and Transit: Conditions & Performance
"This document is intended to provide decision makers with an objective appraisal of the physical conditions, operational performances, and financing mechanisms of highways, bridges, and transit systems based both on the current state of these systems and on their projected future state under a set of alternative future investment scenarios. This report offers a comprehensive, data-driven background context to support the development and evaluation of legislative, program, and budget options at all levels of government. It also serves as a primary source of information for national and international news media, transportation associations, and industry. This C&P [Conditions & Performance] report consolidates conditions, performance, and financial data provided by States, local governments, and public transit operators to provide a national-level summary. Some of the underlying data are available through the U.S. DOT's [Department of Transportation] regular statistical publications. The future investment scenario analyses are developed specifically for this report and provide national-level projections only."
United States. Department of Transportation; United States. Federal Highway Administration; United States. Federal Transit Administration
2013?
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Technical Guidance for Hazards Analysis: Emergency Planning for Extremely Hazardous Substances
"The purpose of this guide is to help local emergency planning committees (LEPCs) conduct site-specific hazards analyses for airborne releases of extremely hazardous substances (EHSs) as required by Title Ill of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA), also known as the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) . Although these substances may also threaten property and the environment, this guide is primarily concerned with lethal effects of airborne substances on humans. An expanded version of this document which will also address hazards such as flammability, explosivity, corrosivity, and reactivity, is planned. The hazards analysis guidance in this present document will help to identify potential problems and serve as the foundation for planning and prevention efforts with emphasis on EHSs. […] This document represents a joint effort by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and the Department of Transportation (DOT) to provide coordinated and coherent technical guidance. Although this guide can be useful to all community and industry planners, it is intended especially for LEPCs established under the provisions of SARA. The three steps of hazards analysis-hazards identification, vulnerability analysis, and risk analysis-provide a decision-making process for the LEPCs to follow as they undertake the development of comprehensive emergency plans mandated by SARA Title Ill. This chapter includes a description of: the relationship of this guide to general planning guidance, a general description of hazards analysis, the legislative and programmatic background for this technical guidance, and an overview of the remaining chapters."
United States. Environmental Protection Agency; United States. Department of Transportation; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
1987-12
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FAA's Controller Scheduling Practices Can Impact Human Fatigue, Controller Performance, and Agency Costs
"Scientific research has shown that air traffic controller scheduling practices impact controller performance and aviation safety. Controllers generally work rotating schedules during which the start and stop times vary between day, evening, and night times. Reviews by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), FAA's Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and FAA's Fatigue Risk Management (FRM) Work Group have shown that individuals working erratic schedules experience fatigue, which can negatively impact controller performance and safety. In response to a number of incidents of sleeping or unresponsive controllers in 2011, FAA took action to mitigate the impact of fatigue on controller performance by revising its controller scheduling policies. For example, the Agency increased the minimum rest periods between shifts, established a fatigue risk management system, and increased the number of controllers assigned to midnight shifts. In addition, FAA began to allow 'recuperative breaks' on overnight shifts to lessen the risk of fatigue experienced by working controllers. However, facility managers raised concerns about whether the new scheduling policies actually reduce fatigue. We could not determine the extent to which these new policies impact fatigue because FAA does not have metrics to measure the effect of its scheduling practices. In addition, fatigue research, which is still ongoing, may prompt additional revisions to FAA's scheduling practices to mitigate fatigue."
United States. Federal Aviation Administration; United States. Department of Transportation. Office of Inspector General
2013-08-27
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DOT-SP 16279 (First Revision)
"This emergency special permit authorizes the transportation in commerce of certain Ebola contaminated medical waste for disposal. This special permit provides no relief from the Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR) other than as specifically stated herein. The most recent revision supersedes all previous revisions. […] The safety analyses performed in development of this special permit only considered the hazards and risks associated with transportation in commerce. The safety analyses did not consider the hazards and risks associated with consumer use, use as a component of a transport vehicle or other device, or other uses not associated with transportation in commerce."
United States. Department of Transportation; United States. Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
2014-10-24
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DOT-SP 16266 (Second Revision)
"This emergency special permit authorizes the transportation in commerce of certain Ebola contaminated medical waste for autoclaving or incineration. This special permit provides no relief from the Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR) other than as specifically stated herein. The most recent revision supersedes all previous revisions. The safety analyses performed in development of this special permit only considered the hazards and risks associated with transportation in commerce. The safety analyses did not consider the hazards and risks associated with consumer use, use as a component Of a transport vehicle or other device, or other uses not associated with transportation in commerce."
United States. Department of Transportation; United States. Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
2014-10-03
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Preparedness and Catastrophic Event Management for the Washington, D.C. Metropolitan Area
"The devastating effects of terrorism are distinctly clear and realistic to our generation with the haunting September 11 attacks, the 2005 subway bombings in London, the 2009 attempted Christmas attack, and constant turmoil overseas. Therefore, it is important to examine and assess the outcome of potential terrorist attacks in preparation for an emergency evacuation by minimizing damages and enhancing solutions for the safety of the public. Most specifically, there is a need to investigate the ways in which a terrorist attack could affect a transportation network in densely populated areas and develop efficient emergency evacuation plans. Since 2007, Florida Atlantic University's Transportation Research Group has developed several emergency management scenarios involving immediate aftermaths of terrorist attacks in Washington, D.C.This project is an accumulation of three separate case studies that were conducted in the Washington, D.C. downtown area with various degrees of specification. The purpose of this research is to examine and assess the existing infrastructure's ability to handle specified disasters and to make recommendations based upon the findings of this research."
United States. Department of Transportation; United States. Federal Transit Administration. Office of Research, Demonstration, and Innovation
Kaisar, Evangelos I.; Scarlatos, P. D.
2010-12
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Lights and Siren Use by Emergency Medical Services (EMS): Above All Do No Harm
"This report begins by exploring the traditional reasons for L&S use by EMS. Data from most EMS incidents in the United States is provided to the National EMS Information System (NEMSIS) 1 by EMS agencies. This report uses the NEMSIS data from 2015 to gain a perspective on the current use of L&S, during both response to 911 scene incidents and transport of these patients to a medical facility. The Uniform Vehicle Code2 attributes related to emergency vehicle operations will be reviewed, and examples of variations in the laws and regulations for L&S use by EMS are discussed."
United States. Department of Transportation; United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Kupas, Douglas F.
2014-05