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Automated Vehicles: Comprehensive Plan
From the Executive Summary: "'The Automated Vehicles Comprehensive Plan (Comprehensive Plan)' advances the United States Department of Transportation's (U.S. DOT) work to prioritize safety while preparing for the future of transportation. Building upon the principles stated in 'Ensuring American Leadership in Automated Vehicle Technologies: Automated Vehicles 4.0 (AV 4.0)', the plan defines three goals to achieve this vision for Automated Driving Systems (ADS): 1. Promote Collaboration and Transparency - U.S. DOT will promote access to clear and reliable information to its partners and stakeholders, including the public, regarding the capabilities and limitations of ADS. 2. Modernize the Regulatory Environment - U.S. DOT will modernize regulations to remove unintended and unnecessary barriers to innovative vehicle designs, features, and operational models, and will develop safety-focused frameworks and tools to assess the safe performance of ADS technologies. 3. Prepare the Transportation System - U.S. DOT will conduct, in partnership with stakeholders, the foundational research and demonstration activities needed to safely evaluate and integrate ADS, while working to improve the safety, efficiency, and accessibility of the transportation system. Each goal includes a discussion of key objectives, as well as associated illustrative actions the Department is undertaking to address priorities while preparing for the future."
United States. Department of Transportation
2021-01
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Examination of the Traffic Safety Environment During the Second Quarter Of 2020: Special Report
From the Abstract: "The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration is reviewing national changes in roadway travel and changes in drivers' behavior that have occurred since the start of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] public health emergency, with an emphasis on the second quarter (Q2) of 2020. Most important, we are learning about the impact on motor vehicle crashes and fatalities. This report draws from an array of sources to bring together as much information as possible to provide an understanding of our current traffic safety environment, and to better address our changing traffic safety needs. Prior economic downturns, such as the financial crisis of 2008, provide some comparison for reduced roadway travel and changes in travel patterns. As this report documents, although there are some similarities with that time frame, there are many differences in impact on speeding and other dangerous driving behaviors, such as reduced seat belt use. This report explores changes in countermeasure use including traffic enforcement and public communications and outreach. This report also examines the question of whether some people - who continued driving even when many communities had stay-at-home guidelines - may be inherently higher-risk drivers. The report draws on sources such as emergency medical services (EMS) and hospital trauma center data as we examine this issue."
United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; United States. Department of Transportation
Wagner, Essie; Atkins, Randolph G.; Berning, Amy Louise, 1961- . . .
2020-10
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FAA and Its Partner Agencies Have Begun Work on the Aviation Cyber Initiative and Are Implementing Priorities
From the Highlights: "FAA [Federal Aviation Administration] oversees the safety of civil aviation through a complex network of information systems at air traffic control facilities. Cyber-based threats are rapidly evolving and may put air traffic control systems at risk for compromise. The FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 directs FAA to develop a comprehensive, strategic framework to reduce cybersecurity risks to civil aviation. Part of FAA's efforts to implement this framework involves coordination and collaboration on aviation cybersecurity with the Departments of Homeland Security (DHS) and Defense (DOD) through the Aviation Cyber Initiative (ACI). The former Chairman of the House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure requested that we examine FAA's roles, responsibilities, and actions as an ACI member. Specifically, we assessed ACI's progress in achieving its mission."
United States. Department of Transportation. Office of Inspector General
2020-09-02
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Advisory on the Application of Federal Laws to the Acquisition and Use of Technology to Detect and Mitigate Unmanned Aircraft Systems
From the Document: "The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Department of Justice (DOJ), Federal Communications Commission (FCC), and Department of Homeland Security (DHS) are issuing an advisory guidance document to assist non-federal public and private entities interested in using technical tools, systems, and capabilities to detect and mitigate Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). The advisory is intended to provide an overview of potentially applicable federal laws and regulations, as well as some factors relevant to whether those laws may apply to particular actions or systems."
United States. Department of Justice; United States. Department of Transportation; United States. Federal Communications Commission . . .
2020-08
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Runway to Recovery: The United States Framework for Airlines and Airports to Mitigate the Public Health Risks of Coronavirus
From the Overview: "The U.S. economy is reopening after the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) public health emergency (PHE) resulted in Federal, State, and local mandated closures and restrictions across many sectors in the first half of 2020. A safe, secure, efficient, and resilient air transportation system that addresses the threat of COVID-19 is critical to reducing the public health risk and supporting the United States' critical infrastructure needs. Government, aviation, and public health leaders must work together to meaningfully reduce the public health risk and restore passenger, aviation workforce, including crew, and public confidence in air travel."
United States. Department of Transportation; United States. Department of Homeland Security; United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2020-07
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COVID-19: Updated Interim Occupational Health and Safety Guidance for Air Carriers and Crews
From the Purpose: "This SAFO [Safety Alert for Operators] cancels and replaces SAFO 20003 and provides updated interim occupational health and safety guidance by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for air carriers and crewmembers regarding Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The CDC and FAA are providing this additional occupational health and safety guidance for air carriers and their crews to reduce crewmembers' risk of exposure to COVID-19 and decrease the risk of transmission of COVID-19 on board aircraft and through air travel."
United States. Department of Transportation; United States. Federal Aviation Administration
2020-05-11
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Blockchain for Unmanned Aircraft Systems
From the Document: "Blockchain technology is being looked on to deliver a framework that can be used by stakeholders in the commercial drone industry, as it can ensure security and provide for identity management as well as providing a supporting role in aircraft traffic management, UAS [unmanned aircraft system] conflict management, and flight authorization. Blockchain has already been used to address some UAS trust and integrity issues. Flight data recorders (also known as black boxes) can provide data that could help investigators learn what a UAS was doing prior to some event or incident. A blockchain-based flight recorder would do so in real time and could also allow law enforcement to be proactive instead of reactive. One company has proposed a blockchain-based black-box UAS system that would enable industry regulators to track and review drone flight data, insurance companies to insure drones based on reliable third-party data, and pilots to ensure compliance with regulators."
United States. Department of Transportation; John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (U.S.)
2020-04
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Cybersecurity and Intelligent Transportation Systems: Best Practice Guide
From the Abstract: "This report presents the best practices in Intelligent Transportation Systems Cybersecurity, particularly in the planning and conducting a Penetration Test. The report details the methodology of scoping a test; including the objectives, requirements, success criteria, test type, management, and test readiness. The report is completed with a template test plan to start local and state DoT's [Department of Transportation's] in their own cyber security plan and penetration test."
United States. Department of Transportation
Anderson, Justin; Jackson, Mark; Krause, Cory . . .
2019-09-17
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Managing Solid Waste Contaminated with a Category A Infectious Substance
From the Preface: "[T]his guidance aims to prepare the nation to effectively manage Category A waste associated with infectious disease incidents. The guidance also aims to improve understanding of the safety of infectious waste management processes. It is intended to help government and non-governmental leaders, local emergency medical services, emergency managers, hospitals, healthcare providers, laboratories, environmental services workers, waste management companies and workers, and related stakeholders safely handle, inactivate, transport, and dispose of Category A waste."
United States. Department of Transportation; United States. Environmental Protection Agency; United States. Department of Labor . . .
2019-08
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Combating Human Trafficking in the Transportation Sector
From the Executive Summary: "Human trafficking is a form of modern day slavery that involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain labor or a commercial sex act; and the commercial sexual exploitation of children under any circumstances. Globally, it is estimated that as many as 24.9 million men, women, and children are exploited in various forms of contemporary slave-like practices. Human trafficking flourishes as a business as a result of the lucrative profits it generates--approximately $150 billion annually worldwide. The pervasiveness and profitability of human trafficking raises daunting challenges for the transportation industry, as the use of transportation and transportation networks figures prominently in human trafficking enterprises within the United States and internationally. Traffickers often rely on the transportation industry in every phase of human trafficking: for recruitment, moving and controlling victims, and for delivering victims to buyers who will complete their exploitation through either commercial sex or forced labor ventures. The limited transportation-related human trafficking data available in the U.S. confirms that victims are being trafficked by airplanes, buses, subways, trains, taxis, rideshares, cruise ships, and private vehicles."
United States. Department of Transportation
2019-07
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FAA Has Made Progress but Additional Actions Remain to Implement Congressionally Mandated Cyber Initiatives
"FAA [Federal Aviation Administration] manages air traffic control operations through a complex network of information systems and air traffic control facilities. Cyber-based threats are rapidly evolving and could threaten the connectivity of this complex aviation infrastructure. In 2016, Congress passed the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act. Section 2111 of the act establishes requirements for FAA to enhance cybersecurity. The Chairmen and Ranking Members of the House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Subcommittee on Aviation requested that we assess FAA's progress in addressing section 2111's requirements."
United States. Department of Transportation. Office of Inspector General
2019-03-20
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Fourth Generation Agents: Reference Guide
"This guide was developed as part of ongoing preparedness for all hazards and is intended to inform decisions, protect emergency responders, and support response operations if an incident ever occurs involving a fourth generation agent (FGA, also known as A-series or Novichok nerve agents), such as the one used in the United Kingdom in 2018. No illicit use or manufacture of an FGA or other nerve agent is known to have occurred in the United States, and there is no known threat of any nerve agent use in the United States."
National Library of Medicine (U.S.); United States. Department of Defense; United States. Department of Transportation . . .
2019-01
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Fourth Generation Agents: Medical Management Guidelines
"These guidelines were developed as part of ongoing preparedness for all hazards and are intended to support fire, EMS [emergency medical services], and hospital staff in the medical management of patients if an incident occurs involving a fourth generation agent (FGA, also known as A-series or Novichok nerve agents), such as the one used in the United Kingdom (U.K.) in 2018. No illicit use or manufacture of an FGA or other nerve agent is known to have occurred in the United States (U.S.), and there is no known threat of any nerve agent use in the U.S. This document is divided into two sections: pages 5-7 include recommendations for fire and EMS responders and pages 8-11 include recommendations for hospital staff, with some repetition between the two. As part of ongoing standard preparedness, jurisdictions should update their existing plans with this information and integrate it into in-service training curricula."
National Library of Medicine (U.S.); United States. Department of Defense; United States. Department of Health and Human Services . . .
2019-01
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Operations During a Lapse in Annual Appropriations Plans by Operating Administration
This document details the U.S. Department of Transportation's planned actions to reduce staff in order to maintain its most vital functions throughout the 2018-2019 government shutdown.
United States. Department of Transportation
2018-12
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2017 Hurricane Season: Recommendations for a Resilient Path Forward for the Marine Transportation System
"In October 2017, the Coordinating Board of the U.S. Committee on the Marine Transportation System (CMTS) tasked the Marine Transportation System Resilience Integrated Action Team (RIAT) to identify the impacts, best practices, and lessons learned from the 2017 hurricane season. The RIAT is a consortium of Federal agencies that manage, operate, or are stakeholders in the Marine Transportation System (MTS) and have interest in increasing the resilience of the MTS to prepare, respond, recover, and adapt to disruption. To fulfill this request, the RIAT convened the 12 member agencies to discuss some of the challenges, successes, best practices, and recommendations for increasing resilience based upon reported experiences of responding and recovering to three major hurricanes that made landfall in the United States and U.S. territories: Harvey, Irma, and Maria between August and October of 2017. In order to gather this information, the RIAT held interagency data calls and hosted a workshop at the Department of Transportation in May 2018."
United States. Department of Transportation. Committee on the Marine Transportation System; United States. Department of Transportation
2018-12
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Quality Control Review of an Independent Auditor's Report on the Surface Transportation Board's Information Security Program and Practices
"The Federal Information Security Modernization Act of 2014 (FISMA) requires agencies to implement information security programs. FISMA also requires agencies to have annual independent evaluations performed to determine the effectiveness of their programs and report the results of these reviews to the Office of Management and Budget. To meet this requirement, the Surface Transportation Board (STB) requested that we perform its fiscal year 2018 FISMA review. We contracted with Williams Adley & Company DC LLP (Williams Adley), an independent public accounting firm, to conduct this audit subject to our oversight. The audit objective was to determine the effectiveness of STB's information security program and practices in five function areas--Identify, Protect, Detect, Respond, and Recover."
United States. Department of Transportation. Office of Inspector General
2018-10-24
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Preparing for the Future of Transportation: Automated Vehicles 3.0
From the Executive Summary: "'Preparing for the Future of Transportation: Automated Vehicles 3.0 (AV 3.0)' advances U.S. DOT's [Department of Transportation] commitment to supporting the safe, reliable, efficient, and cost-effective integration of automation into the broader multimodal surface transportation system. AV 3.0 builds upon--but does not replace--voluntary guidance provided in 'Automated Driving Systems 2.0: A Vision for Safety.' Automation technologies are new and rapidly evolving. The right approach to achieving safety improvements begins with a focus on removing unnecessary barriers and issuing voluntary guidance, rather than regulations that could stifle innovation. In AV 3.0, U.S. DOT's surface transportation operating administrations come together for the first time to publish a Departmental policy statement on automation. This document incorporates feedback from manufacturers and technology developers, infrastructure owners and operators, commercial motor carriers, the bus transit industry, and State and local governments. This document considers automation broadly, addressing all levels of automation (SAE [Society of Automotive Engineers] automation Levels 1 to 5), and recognizes multimodal interests in the full range of capabilities this technology can offer."
United States. Department of Transportation
2018-10
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National Strategy to Prevent Trespassing on Railroad Property
"Trespassing on railroad property is the leading cause of all rail-related deaths in the United States. More people are struck and killed by trains each year while trespassing - illegally entering or remaining on a railroad right-of-way - than in motor vehicle collisions with trains at highway-rail grade crossings. Between 2012 and 2017, the annual number of trespass-related pedestrian fatalities increased 18 percent, from 725 people killed in 2012 to 855 in 2017. In calendar year 2018, 324 pedestrian trespass fatalities had occurred by July 31, 2018. Data indicates that the number of trespassing occurrences each year far exceeds the number of fatalities and injuries. This raises serious concern of the potential for even more trespasser accidents. In its report on the fiscal year (FY) 2018 Department of Transportation appropriation, the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Appropriations requested the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) study and identify the causal factors that lead to trespassing incidents on railroad property. The Committee also asked FRA to develop a national strategy to prevent trespasser incidents and submit it to the House and Senate Committees on Appropriations by August 1, 2018. This document responds to the Committee's request."
United States. Federal Railroad Administration; United States. Department of Transportation
2018-10
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Nerve Agent Information for Emergency Medical Services and Hospitals
"This document provides a quick refresher on standard protocols for recognizing, treating, and protecting yourself from nerve agent exposures. Comprehensive follow-up guidance for Law Enforcement, Fire, EMS [emergency medical services], HazMat [hazardous materials], and Hospital-Based First Receivers incorporating lessons learned and best practices from the recent United Kingdom incidents will be forthcoming."
United States. Department of Homeland Security; United States. Department of Transportation; United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2018-08
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FHWA Lacks Detailed Guidance on Infrastructure Resilience for Emergency Relief Projects and a Process to Track Related Improvements
"The Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA) Emergency Relief Program (ERP) provides funds for the repair and reconstruction of highways and roads that have sustained serious damage from catastrophic failures or natural disasters, including extreme weather events. Since fiscal year 2012, Congress has appropriated approximately $5.7 billion to the ERP. The Department of Transportation's (DOT) current draft strategic plan states that the Department will better ensure that infrastructure is resilient enough to withstand extreme weather that could disrupt the transportation network and require major reconstruction. Because of the importance resilience plays in ensuring a safe and reliable transportation system, we assessed FHWA's guidance and processes for incorporating resilience improvements into emergency relief projects to rebuild damaged highway infrastructure."
United States. Department of Transportation. Office of Inspector General
2018-01-10
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Fentanyl: Safety Recommendations for First Responders
"[1] The abuse of drugs containing fentanyl is killing Americans. Misinformation and inconsistent recommendations regarding fentanyl have resulted in confusion in the first responder community. [2] You as a first responder (law enforcement, fire, rescue, and emergency medical services (EMS) personnel) are increasingly likely to encounter fentanyl in your daily activities (e.g., responding to overdose calls, conducting traffic stops, arrests, and searches). [3] This document provides scientific, evidence-based recommendations to protect yourself from exposure."
United States. Office of National Drug Control Policy; United States. Department of Justice; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) . . .
2018?
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Model Uniform Core Criteria for Mass Casualty Incident Triage: Addendum to the Paramedic Instructional Guidelines
From the Background: "The MUCC [Model Uniform Core Criteria] criteria are provided here as background knowledge for instructors. MUCC was created to address the issues inherent in mass casualty incidents that cross jurisdictional lines, where responders may be using different triage systems. As Lerner et al. (2011) write, 'for operational simplicity, communication interoperability, and clinical efficiency, it is preferable for all of the responders at a given incident to use the same triage system, or at the very least operate from some common elements.'"
United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; United States. Department of Transportation
2017-12
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FISMA 2017: The Surface Transportation Board's Information Security Program Is Not Effective
"The Federal Information Security Management Act [FISMA] of 2002, requires agencies to implement information security programs, conduct annual effectiveness reviews, and report the results to OMB [Office of Management and Budget]. For 2017's review, OMB required determination of programs' maturity levels--(lowest to highest) Ad Hoc, Defined, Consistently Implemented, Managed and Measurable, or Optimized. Our objective was to determine the program's effectiveness for the 12 months prior to June 30, 2017, in five control areas--Identify, Protect, Detect, Respond, and Recover. [...] We made several recommendations to serve as a roadmap for STB [Safety Transportation Board] to develop an effective information security program. STB concurred with all of our recommendations."
United States. Department of Transportation. Office of Inspector General
2017-10-26
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National Strategy for the Marine Transportation System: 'Channeling the Maritime Advantage' (2017-2022)
"The 2017 National Strategy on the MTS [Marine Transportation System]: Channeling the Maritime Advantage (2017 Strategy) was developed [...] through interagency engagement and multiple reviews. Members reviewed the five categories from the 2008 Strategy and established or reaffirmed priority areas for the 2017 Strategy: [1] Optimize System Performance: Measuring the reliability of physical and operational elements of the MTS to inform and support strategies for targeted improvements as trade and supply chain competitiveness increases. [2] Enhance Maritime Safety: Promoting an MTS free from collisions, allisions, groundings and injury, death and damage to property and environment as congestion and maximum vessel size within the MTS increases. [3] Support Maritime Security: Evaluating the infrastructure and operations of the MTS, taking into account possible threats and vulnerabilities while continually assessing existing protective measures, procedures and operations, supported by efforts to understand and incorporate maritime domain awareness into shipping activities. [4] Advance Energy Innovation and Development: Identifying opportunities to utilize all sources of domestic energy and implement new technologies to ensure energy independence and more efficient fuel use. [5] Facilitate Infrastructure Investment: Using all available resources efficiently and effectively for the improvement of the MTS. [...] This Strategy will be implemented across Federal agencies and within the CMTS [U.S. Committee on Marine Transportation Systems] partnership, as appropriate."
United States. Department of Transportation. Committee on the Marine Transportation System
2017-10
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National Strategy for the Marine Transportation System: Channeling the Maritime Advantage, 2017-2022
"In July 2008, the cabinet-level U.S. Committee on the MTS [Marine Transportation System] (CMTS) approved the National Strategy on the MTS: A Framework for Action (2008 Strategy). The 2008 Strategy identified five priority areas (Capacity; Safety and Security; Environmental Stewardship; Resilience and Reliability; and Finance and Economics) and 34 actions that provided the foundation for subsequent CMTS priority work plans and identified new and emerging issues. The CMTS member agencies created Integrated Action Teams (IATs) to address the 34 actions, and 27 of the actions have been addressed or completed. The remaining items were either broadly written, have been combined with other CMTS work plan activities, or carried over to other emerging issues. Appendix I provides a summary of these actions and steps taken to date."
United States. Department of Transportation. Committee on the Marine Transportation System
2017-10
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Federal Funding Handbook for Marine Transportation System Infrastructure
"The CMTS [Committee on the Marine Transportation System] developed this 'Federal Funding Handbook for Marine Transportation System Infrastructure' as a resource for public and private stakeholders. It can be challenging to navigate the myriad of Federal programs available to State and local governments; federally-recognized Indian tribal governments; Territories of the U.S; domestic public, quasi-public and private profit and nonprofit organizations and institutions; specialized groups; and individuals. The purpose of this Handbook is to serve as a value-added tool for local and non-Federal level practitioners as well as Federal stakeholders. To that end, this Handbook contains more than 85 currently authorized Federal multimodal transportation infrastructure funding, financing, and technical assistance programs for infrastructure in the Marine Transportation System (MTS) through fiscal year (FY) 2018. The programs included in this Handbook reflect the diversity of the MTS. As described in the previous section, the MTS consists of waterways, ports, and inter-modal land-side connections that allow the various modes of transportation to move people and goods to, from, and on the water. The MTS also includes the infrastructure, both physical and technological (including cyber infrastructure), that aid in the movement of people and goods."
United States. Department of Transportation. Committee on the Marine Transportation System
2017-08-28
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Cybersecurity Planning Weaknesses May Hinder the Efficient Use of Future Resources
"We did not find any instances where OCIO [Department's Office of the Chief Information Officer] expended the $29 million in appropriated funds received between 2012 and 2015 on non-cybersecurity initiatives. At the time of our review, OCIO had approximately $23.4 million in expenditures out of the $29 million. We sampled 61 of 181 transactions with an expenditure amount of $18.26 million or 78.2 percent of the $23.4 million. All sampled transactions were in support of cybersecurity initiatives. However, OCIO did not consistently apply billing procedures when expending funds through the Working Capital Fund (WCF). We found that $285,352 (7.65 percent) of the $3.73 million in cybersecurity funds advanced to and expended via the WCF was used to pay for services outside of the period of performance and scope of work outlined in OCIO cybersecurity funded intra-agency agreements. Such errors make it difficult for OCIO to ensure that WCF customers are accurately and consistently charged for services as described in customer agreements. OCIO did not adequately document or plan for its cybersecurity funding needs. OCIO did not maintain adequate support documentation to justify its costs estimates for the amount of cybersecurity funds requested in budget years 2014, and 2015. Additionally, OCIO did not always follow OMB or its own acquisition planning guidance for three information technology (IT) projects that accounted for about $20 million (68 percent) of the $29 million appropriated. For example, OCIO did not provide evidence that it developed and documented alternative analyses for two of the three IT projects, or established realistic initial costs and schedule estimates."
United States. Department of Transportation. Office of Inspector General
2017-08-07
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Resilient and Sustainable Transport - Dutch Style: An Interim Report on Bilateral Cooperation Between FHWA and Rijkwaterstaat
"Since 2014, US and Dutch counterparts have been collaborating on the topic of infrastructure resilience under a bilateral agreement between the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and Rijkwaterstaat (RWS), the Netherlands' Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment. During the first two years, each side learned about each other's tools and approaches. During the second two years of collaboration, FHWA and RWS are testing climate change resilience tools developed in both countries on two infrastructure projects. The Netherlands project is the InnovA58 project, which expands a roadway in southern Holland from two lanes in each direction to three lanes in each direction. The US project is the SR167 completion project, which completes a critical missing link to Interstate 5 near Tacoma, Washington, including approximately 6 miles of new construction and 5 new interchanges. The analysis frameworks and accompanying tools that FHWA and RWS are testing are the European ROADAPT methodology and the US FHWA Climate Adaptation Framework."
United States. Department of Transportation; United States. Federal Highway Administration
2017-08
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New Role for Rail Transit: Evacuation
"Urban areas in the U.S. and around the world are facing increasing extreme events often requiring decisions to move large numbers of people to safety. New York City (NYC) has experienced numerous extreme weather events associated with flooding, and one response by NYC is to provide evacuation resources. Following Hurricanes Irene and Sandy, NYC mandated evacuations. NYC has defined evacuation zones based on severity of flooding risks from storms and storm surges, and has located 64 hurricane evacuation centers outside of these zones.Of NYC's six evacuation zones, Zone 1 is defined as having the most risk of exposure to that flooding. Other centers and shelters supplement evacuation centers. […] New York University's Wagner School, which is a consortium member of the U.S. DOT Region II University Transportation Research Center at the City University of New York is evaluating the proximity to evacuation centers of residential populations living in U.S. Census-defined block groups partially or completely in Zone 1. This work also includes the demographic, socioeconomic and transportation characteristics of those populations and the proximity of rail transit stations to the centers. The objective is to identify those areas in need of better public transit access, especially for vulnerable populations, if a voluntary or mandatory evacuation occurs particularly prior to an impending extreme event."
United States. Department of Transportation
2017-04
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Marine Transportation System Fact Sheet [2017]
"The U.S. Marine Transportation System (MTS), the waterborne element of the National Transportation System, is complex, decentralized, and made up of an array of interdependent components, including ports, terminals, vessels, channels, intermodal-connectors and those who use them. [...] From the food we eat to the clothes we wear, from the cars we drive to the oil and natural gas we use to heat and cool our homes. The MTS is an integral part of the national economic supply chain. The U.S. Census Bureau has predicted that the U.S. population will increase 30 percent between 2015 and 2060--The MTS will need to be able to accommodate the corresponding increase in port calls to support our way of life."
United States. Department of Transportation. Committee on the Marine Transportation System
2017?
