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• Balancing Mobility and Security

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  "Is there an inexorable tradeoff between transportation mobility and security? Can we attain one only at the expense of the other? Or can both mobility and security be achieved as beneficial byproducts of advanced technologies embedded in the transportation network? This paper reviews three common measures of mobility - accessibility, reliability, and affordability - and the methods used to assess and mitigate security risks, and suggests that at the nexus between security and mobility there are technologies that are common to both, with potential synergistic effects. The paper maintains that the associated tradeoffs are not between security and mobility, but rather between security and privacy, security and redundancy, and security and higher out-of-pocket costs to users...This symposium on "Balancing Security and Mobility" is an attempt to take steps towards identifying the criteria for evaluating the public and private choices between competing security and mobility improvements and the concomitant costs and benefits."

  United States. Department of Transportation

  Barami, Bahar

  2004-05-06
• Effects of Catastrophic Events on Transportation System Management and Operations: August 2003 Northeast Blackout Great Lakes Region

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  "This report documents the actions taken by transportation agencies in response to the August 14, 2003, blackout throughout the Northeast. It is part of a larger effort to examine the impacts of catastrophic events on transportation system facilities and services and the role that intelligent transportation systems (ITS) play in emergencies. It also highlights the importance of good communications between transportation agency staff and the public safety officials who are the first responders during catastrophic events. The findings documented in this report are a result of the creation of a detailed chronology of events in the Great Lakes region, a literature search, and interviews of key personnel involved in transportation operations decision-making during the blackout. A companion case study of the New York City area has also been prepared. As part of a larger effort, four case studies have already been produced examining catastrophic events: 1) New York, N.Y., terrorist attack, September 11, 2001 2) Washington, D.C., terrorist attack, September 11, 2001 3) Baltimore, Md., rail tunnel fire, July 18, 2001 4) Northridge, Calif., earthquake, January 17, 1994."

  United States. Department of Transportation. Research and Special Programs Administration

  DeBlasio, Allan J.; Zirker, Margaret E.; Regan, Terrance J.

  2004-05
• Market Trends in Homeland Security Technologies

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  "This paper reviews the dimensions of the homeland security (HS) technology markets, identifies their application areas and the risks they are designed to mitigate, and asks: How well have these technologies performed - in the marketplace and in the field - and how are emerging technologies in robotics, nanotechnology, and biotechnology likely to transform these markets in the near future?" The paper includes sections addressing the size of markets, application areas, market performance, and emerging new markets.

  United States. Department of Transportation

  Barami, Bahar

  2004-04-22
• Evolution of Dual Use Applications in the Enhanced Traffic Management System (ETMS)

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  "In the early 1970s, it was already becoming obvious that a cadre of highly trained specialists distributed around the country and using RADAR could not adequately manage air traffic. From that time until now, the aviation community has relied on a growing body of prediction, planning, optimization and management techniques known as Air Traffic Management. These techniques rely on advanced automation, and the primary system providing this automation is the Enhanced Traffic Management System or ETMS." This paper traces the evolution of dual use applications in the ETMS. Topics include NORAD and the ETMS, Aircraft Situation Display to Industry (ASDI), and the Collaborative Decision-Making (CDM) Initiative.

  United States. Department of Transportation

  Wright, Richard D.

  2004-04-19
• Immediate Actions (IAs) for Transit Agencies: For Potential and Actual Life-Threatening Incidents

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  The purpose of this Immediate Actions (IAs) publication is to assist operators and other transit agency personnel who may encounter potential or actual life-threatening events involving criminal activities or terrorism. The IAs in this document are focused on protecting a transit agency's employees, passengers/patrons, and anyone else working in the vicinity.

  United States. Department of Transportation

  2004-04
• Incident Management Successful Practices, A Cross-Cutting Study: Improving Mobility and Saving Lives

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  "While this document focuses on managing typical traffic incidents, these same factors are essential to successfully managing both small and large scale incidents: having a plan, and executing it with full cooperation among all of the organizations involved."

  United States. Department of Transportation. Research and Innovative Technology Administration

  2004-04
• Cleanup and Recovery of Passenger Transportation Facilities After a Bio-Attack

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  "A bio-terror attack against transportation targets or delivered via transportation vehicles is deemed to be a credible and potentially very damaging threat to the nation. Of special concern is the release of a bio-agent in crowded passenger terminals, many of which are multi-modal, linking aviation with rail, transit, water ferries, taxis, and adjacent parking garages. Hence, the public health consequences of a bio-attack on a major airport must consider not only the potential exposures of employees and passengers, but also the threat of rapid and large-scale contaminant dispersal via people, baggage, and vehicles. Perhaps equally important is the potential for huge economic losses resulting from the long-term closure of an airport or major intermodal terminal, and repercussions for wider regional, national, and international transportation networks. Considerable uncertainty remains in regard to forecasting downstream costs: for example, the cleanup and recovery of anthrax- contaminated facilities, from a few mailed letters identifying the agent, has proven to be lengthy, difficult and costly."

  United States. Department of Transportation

  Brecher, Aviva

  2004-03-30
• Effects of Catastrophic Events on Transportation System Management and Operations: August 2003 Northeast Blackout, New York City

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  "This report documents the actions taken by transportation agencies in response to the August 14, 2003, Blackout throughout the Northeast. It is part of a larger effort to examine the impacts of catastrophic events on transportation system facilities and services and the role of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) in emergencies. It also highlights the importance of good communications between transportation agency staff and the public safety officials who are the first responders during catastrophic events. The findings documented in this report are a result of the creation of a detailed chronology of events in the New York City metropolitan region, a literature search, and interviews of key personnel involved in transportation operations decision-making during the blackout."

  United States. Department of Transportation. Research and Special Programs Administration

  DeBlasio, Allan J.; Zirker, Margaret E.; Regan, Terrance J.

  2004-03
• 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook: A Guidebook for First Responders during the Initial Phase of a Dangerous Goods/Hazardous Materials Incident

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  The Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG2004) was developed jointly by the US Department of Transportation, Transport Canada, and the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation of Mexico (SCT) for use by firefighters, police, and other emergency services personnel who may be the first to arrive at the scene of a transportation incident involving a hazardous material. It is primarily a guide to aid first responders in (1) quickly identifying the specific or generic classification of the material(s) involved in the incident, and (2) protecting themselves and the general public during this initial response phase of the incident. The ERG is updated every three to four years to accommodate new products and technology. The next version is scheduled for 2008.

  United States. Department of Transportation

  2004
• Hazardous Material Transportation Safety and Security Field Operational Test Final Detailed Test Plans

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  "The tragic events of September 11, 2001, and the more recent events of war with Iraq during the Spring of 2003, resulted in a significant heightened level of concern from federal government officials and transportation industry members regarding the secure transport of hazardous materials. These security issues focus on HazMat shipments as potential targets for terrorists. HazMat shipments through intermodal connectors, modes, and facilities are all prospective targets for domestic acts of terrorism, and pose a much greater concern to public safety than most other shipment types. HazMat shipments, especially fuels and chemicals, present an attractive target for terrorists due to the multiple points of vulnerability. These vulnerabilities exist at shipper, motor carrier, and shipment recipient facilities and shipment movement en route throughout the nation's roadway infrastructure. The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), working in close cooperation with the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), has proactively addressed public and private sector HazMat security concerns by identifying potential security risks related to HazMat transportation and proposing solutions to minimize those risks. FMCSA embarked on a program to improve HazMat security and safety by using regulatory measures, security assessments, and outreach efforts."

  United States. Department of Transportation

  2003-09-16
• Department of Transportation Strategic Plan 2003 - 2008: Safer, Simpler, Smarter Transportation Solutions

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  "This Plan provides a blueprint for achieving our strategic objectives in safety, mobility, global connectivity, environmental stewardship and security through Safer, Simpler, Smarter Transportation Solutions. The Department's top priorities are to keep the traveling public safe, increase their mobility, and ensure that our transportation system enables the Nation's economic growth and development."

  United States. Department of Transportation

  2003-09
• Maritime Administration: Strategic Plan for Fiscal Years 2003-2008

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  "This plan will help us meet the challenges and changes facing our transportation system, the U.S. maritime industry and the Federal Government. The Maritime Administration intends to focus its efforts through 2008 on the strategic areas of commercial mobility, national security, and environmental stewardship. As you will read in our strategic plan, the Maritime Administration also directly supports achievement of the strategic objectives of the Department of Transportation. One of our greatest challenges is to increase our national transportation options in order to support our Nation's economic growth. Greater use of the maritime transportation system, through elements like short sea shipping, offers the potential to reduce passenger and freight congestion. In addition, we expect the U.S. military will increase its reliance on commercial transportation systems. These two factors are of such importance that we must plan wisely now to meet these needs. Our plan requires a more effective intermodal transportation system that serves our national need for personal mobility and for the safe and efficient movement of domestic and international freight."

  United States. Department of Transportation

  2003-09
• Emergency Preparedness for People with Disabilities

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  "The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) is committed to providing emergency preparedness as an essential activity in meeting the needs of all people at its facilities, including people with disabilities and other medical conditions. Under Section 501 of the Rehabilitation Act, as amended (29 U.S.C. 791), and implementing regulations, the Department has a responsibility to provide adequate hiring, placement, and advancement opportunities for individuals with disabilities and reasonable accommodation in the workplace. The Department also has a responsibility under Section 504 of the Act (29 U.S.C. 794), to ensure that people with disabilities, including employees, job applicants and members of the public, are not excluded from or discriminated against under any programs or activities that the Department conducts. Accordingly, when emergency preparedness activities are undertaken in DOT occupied facilities, the Department must consider and provide for the needs of people with disabilities. Given the terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001, the Department must take even more seriously its obligation to safeguard its employees, customers, and the public. Employees and others with disabilities should not feel any more vulnerable in the DOT work environment than non-disabled co-workers and visitors. The special needs of people with disabilities must be addressed as an enduring part of emergency preparedness at the Department."

  United States. Department of Transportation

  Mineta, Norman Yoshio, 1931-

  2003-08-12
• Disability Resource Center: Emergency Evacuation Tips

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  "On August 12, 2003, the Secretary of Transportation signed a memorandum issuing the Emergency Preparedness Guidelines for People with Disabilities. The guidelines apply to all DOT employees and facilities nationwide. The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) is committed to providing emergency preparedness as an essential activity in meeting the needs of all people at its facilities, including people with disabilities and other medical conditions. Under Section 501 of the Rehabilitation Act, as amended (29 U.S.C. 791), and implementing regulations, the Department has a responsibility to provide adequate hiring, placement, and advancement opportunities for individuals with disabilities and reasonable accommodation in the workplace. Given the terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001, the Department must take even more seriously its obligation to safeguard its employees, customers, and the public. Employees and others with disabilities should not feel any more vulnerable in the DOT work environment than non-disabled co-workers and visitors. The special needs of people with disabilities must be addressed as an enduring part of emergency preparedness at the Department." This document also contains related links from the U.S. Fire Administration, U.S. Access Board, and the National Organization on Disability.

  United States. Department of Transportation. Disability Resource Center

  2003-08-12
• Disaster Response and Evacuation User Service: An Addendum to the ITS Program Plan

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  "The surface transportation system plays a crucial role in responding to natural disasters, terrorist acts, and other catastrophic events. The Disaster Response and Evacuation (DRE) User Service uses intelligent transportation systems (ITS) to enhance the ability of the surface transportation system to respond to and recover from such disasters. The user service provides enhanced access to the scene for response personnel and resources, provides better information about the transportation system in the vicinity of the disaster, and provides more efficient, safer evacuation for the general public if needed. In addition, the transportation system includes a wealth of trained professionals and resources that constitute a portion of the disaster response. Use of ITS to prioritize, allocate, and track these personnel and resources also provides a more effective response to disasters. All types of disasters are considered in this user service including natural disasters (hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, winter storms, tsunamis, etc.) and technological and man-made disasters (hazardous materials incidents, nuclear power plant accidents, and national security emergencies such as terrorism, nuclear, chemical, biological, and radiological weapons attacks terrorist acts.). The basic ITS capabilities for disaster response and evacuation are essentially the same in all of these scenarios, although specific disasters do have unique characteristics (e.g., the amount of warning available, responder risks, local site management (is it a crime scene?), chances for secondary events, recovery operations required, scope and scale of the damage). Broad inter-agency coordination is critical in disaster scenarios, with transportation professionals performing well-defined roles in the larger context of the multi-agency response to the disaster."

  United States. Department of Transportation. Research and Innovative Technology Administration

  2003-07-15
• Emergency Medical Services Outcomes Evaluation

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  "The provision of prehospital (EMS) care has come under increased scrutiny in recent years. Many have questioned the value of the range of EMS services currently provided. There is a persistent concern about the lack of proof of effectiveness related to most EMS care. Clinical effectiveness studies to address EMS outcomes research require the development of sophisticated case-severity and effectiveness measures. Outcomes research will allow future generations of Americans to have an EMS system that provides both quality and cost-effective EMS care. This report describes a project that has laid the foundation for these clinical effectiveness studies to take place. This project developed a 'blueprint' or 'set of tools' that EMS practitioners can use to evaluate the effectiveness of EMS, or prehospital, care."

  United States. Department of Transportation; United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

  Maio, Ronald

  2003-07
• Best Practices for Road Weather Management: Version 2.0

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  "There is a perception that transportation managers can do little about weather. However, three types of mitigation measures may be employed in response to environmental threats: advisory, control, and treatment strategies. Advisory strategies provide information on prevailing and predicted conditions to both transportation managers and motorists. Control strategies alter the state of roadway devices to permit or restrict traffic flow and regulate roadway capacity. Treatment strategies supply resources to roadways to minimize or eliminate weather impacts. Many treatment strategies involve coordination of traffic, maintenance, and emergency management agencies. These road weather management strategies are employed in response to various weather threats including fog, high winds, snow, rain, ice, flooding, tornadoes, hurricanes, and avalanches. This report contains 30 case studies of systems in 21 states that improve roadway operations under inclement weather conditions. Each case study has six sections including a general description of the system, system components, operational procedures, resulting transportation outcomes, implementation issues, as well as contact information and references. Appendix A presents an overview of environmental sensor technologies. Appendix B is an acronym list. Appendix C contains online resources, including 39 statewide road condition web sites. Appendix D tabulates hundreds of road weather publication titles, abstracts and sources."

  United States. Department of Transportation

  Goodwin, Lynette C.

  2003-05
• Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002. Section 109: Report to Congress

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  "In the wake of 9/11, the federal government, especially the U.S. Department of Transportation, has moved rapidly to formulate new strategies and tactics to counter terrorism and related threats involving the transportation system. Creation of the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), reassignment of personnel to quickly assess vulnerabilities and respond to security challenges, and the provision of grants for port security improvements are some examples of recent initiatives undertaken by DOT to this end. The U.S. Coast Guard has moved aggressively to provide for maritime security since 9/11; the Coast Guard also began maritime security initiatives at the United Nations International Maritime Organization (IMO), which resulted in the International Ship and Port and Facility Security (ISPS) Code and amendments to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 (SOLAS Convention). On March 1, 2003, the Coast Guard became a component of the newly formed Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The following report characterizes security threats to the marine and intermodal transportation system; summarizes relevant domestic legislation, international conventions, and other guidance; delineates key workforce development issues; describes the project undertaken by MARAD in fulfillment of the Secretary's Section 109 responsibilities; presents the standards and curriculum developed in response to the MTSA mandate; and offers recommendations for the certification and oversight of maritime security education and training."

  United States. Department of Transportation

  United States Merchant Marine Academy

  2003-05
• High Speed Ferry and Coastwise Vessels: Assessment of a New York/Boston Service

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  "This report summarizes Phase IV (FY 02) of the Coastal Shipping project conducted by the National Ports and Waterways Institute (NPWI), University of New Orleans. This research phase is a direct continuation of previous research especially of Phase III (FY 00). Phase III research included a review of recent developments regarding coastal shipping in the US and abroad; the re-definition of the envisioned coastal system; an assessment of three designs of prospective high-speed coastal ferries; and a conceptual design of a coastal terminal, along with review of potential sites. Phase III report also included data on traffic flows in the North Atlantic, based on FHWA data. Phase III research was based, in part, on earlier Phase II research, which was concerned with the coastal system concept, especially with types of freight to be served, operational and cost parameters of the system and military applications. The entire research effort of coastal shipping has been conducted under the guidance of an Advisory Board consisting of representatives from ports, shipping lines, shipyards, military and governmental agencies. The findings of Phase II and Phase III were presented and discussed in workshops organized by MarAd and NPWI. Likewise, the findings of Phase IV (this phase) will be presented in a similar workshop."

  United States. Department of Transportation

  2003-05
• Hazardous Materials: Security Requirements for Offerors and Transporters of Hazardous Materials: Final Rule

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  This document addresses the latest final ruling on security requirements for the transportation of hazardous material. The document includes extensive background information and discusses several points raised during consideration of the matter.

  United States. Department of Transportation. Office of Hazardous Materials Safety

  2003-03-25
• Intermodal Explosives Working Group Report

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  "This paper examines the process used by USCG Captains of the Ports (COTPs) when petitioned to issue a permit for transportation and loading or unloading of commercial explosives through U.S. ports. Commercial explosives, like many other hazardous materials, are essential to our way of life, but involve some risk when transported. DOT's Research and Special Programs Administrations (RSPA's) risk-based hazardous materials transportation regulations (HMR) are intended to mitigate this risk to an acceptable level. Hazardous materials are permitted to move freely in commerce if the established requirements of the HMR are met. However, explosives, through the imposition of additional USCG COTP measures, are often required to meet a 'zero public risk' safe separation requirement based on Department of Defense quantity-distance (Q/D) requirements for Military explosives facilities when a permit request is made to USCG COTPs."

  United States. Department of Transportation

  2003-02
• Louisiana Transportation Profile

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  "This report presents highlights of major federal databases and other national sources related to each state's infrastructure, safety, freight movement and passenger travel, vehicles, economy and finance, and energy and the environment. Along with tables generated for each state, this report describes databases and gives information on access, formats, and contact points."

  United States. Department of Transportation; United States. Bureau of Transportation Statistics

  2003-02
• Role of Hazardous Material Placards in Transportation Safety and Security

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  "In response to placarding concerns, the Research and Special Programs Administration (RSPA), Office of Hazardous Materials Safety (OHMS) conducted a review of the use of placards on shipments of hazardous materials from the perspective of both safety and security. This study concludes that the existing placarding system should be retained; and as DOT continues to develop a comprehensive security program for hazardous materials transportation, it should continue to review the use of operational procedures and technological developments as security enhancements and as alternatives to placards in specific high risk situations as well as for broad application. In considering potential changes to its placarding requirements as a result of its continuing review, DOT will have to take into account the considerable impacts on cost, training and international trade that changes to placarding requirements could have."

  United States. Department of Transportation. Office of Hazardous Materials Safety

  2003-01-15
• U.S. International Trade and Freight Transportation Trends

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  "This report provides an overview of U.S. international merchandise trade, reviews changes in trading patterns and modal trends, and examines shifts in the patterns of freight demand among U.S. international freight gateways.2 In addition, the report reviews the changing mix of traded commodities, focusing especially on transportation-related goods. It also examines U.S. freight transportation and port services and their important role in facilitating U.S. international merchandise trade. The report further analyzes the critical role freight transportation continues to play in enabling international trade and discusses capacity and access challenges that growth in international freight pose to the U.S. freight transportation system. It also looks at some of the new security challenges facing the U.S. freight transportation system as the nation implements transportation security measures following the 2001 terrorist attacks. The report concludes with a discussion of some of the major underlying factors that are driving change and continuity in U.S. international merchandise trade and the possible effects of trade growth on the nation's transportation networks."

  United States. Department of Transportation; United States. Bureau of Transportation Statistics

  2003
• Compilation of Maritime Laws

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  Each year since 1995, the Maritime Administration has published the Compilation of Maritime Laws as a reference for the benefit of Members of Congress, their staffs and committees, attorneys practicing in the area of Federal Maritime Law and interested members of the general public. As the various laws which comprise the Maritime Laws are not codified in the United States Code, the Maritime Administration believes that it is essential that this publication be made available to ensure access to the current state of significant Maritime Laws including current statutory amendments. What is noteworthy in this publication is the broad area of subject matters covered, reflecting the scope of responsibilities entrusted to the Maritime Administration. This convenient volume includes Maritime Laws of particular importance to the Maritime Administration and is current through the 2nd Session of the 107th Congress. While this Compilation should be a helpful research tool, citation to the law should be made by reference to the United States Code or other official reporters.

  United States. Department of Transportation

  2003-01
• Effects of Catastrophic Events on Transportation System Management and Operations: Cross Cutting Study

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  This report documents the actions taken by transportation agencies in response to catastrophic events as an overall effort to examine the impacts of different types of events on transportation system facilities and services. The findings and conclusions documented in this report are a result of the creation of a detailed chronology of events, a literature search, and interviews of key personnel involved in transportation operations decisionmaking for four events: ·New York City, September 11, 2001 - terrorist attack ·Washington, D.C., September 11, 2001 - terrorist attack ·Baltimore, Maryland, July 18, 2001 - rail tunnel fire ·Northridge, California, January 17, 1994 - earthquake The event summaries and findings for New York City and Northridge, Calif., are adapted from the case studies prepared by the Volpe Center study team consisting of Allan J. DeBlasio, the project manager; Robert Brodesky, Amanda Zamora, and Fred Mottley from EG&G Technical Services; Margaret E. Zirker and Michelle Crowder from Cambridge Systematics Inc.; and Terrance J. Regan, Kathleen Bagdonas, and Dan Morin from Planners Collaborative. The summaries and findings of Washington, D.C., and Baltimore are adapted from case studies done by Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC). The SAIC study team consisted of Mark Carter, the project manager; Mark P. Howard; Nicholas Owens; David Register; Jason Kennedy; Aaron Newton; and Kelley Pecheux. Vince Pearce is the U.S. DOT task manager of both the cross-cutting study and the case studies review.

  United States. Department of Transportation. Research and Special Programs Administration

  2003-01
• Transportation Indicators Report - December 2002

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  This report is intended to provide timely, easily accessible information for the transportation community. It was developed by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), and is updated each month on the BTS website (www.bts.gov). Each indicator is placed under a heading corresponding to one of the five strategic goals of DOT -- safety, security, mobility, economic growth, and environment. Some indicators are related to more than one strategic goal. The indicators fall under two broad categories: those that provide context about the economy and society in which transportation functions, and those that convey information about an aspect of transportation. To the extent possible, these latter indicators are transportation-wide in scope; however, some apply to only part of the transportation system. Reference tables at the beginning of the document provide key statistics about U.S. social and economic characteristics, and about the extent of the transportation system.

  United States. Department of Transportation

  2002-12
• Critical Infrastructure Protection: A Research Agenda in CIP

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  "The National Consortium on Remote Sensing in Transportation Infrastructure is examining the role of remote sensing and geospatial information technologies in Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP), specifically in the identification and preservation of Critical Transportation Infrastructure (CTI). Activities planned for the coming year include: compilation of materials and data of interest to local agencies; coordination of activities with CIP agencies, and; specialist meetings of CIP professionals, including private and public agencies, and academics. In February 2002, NCRST-Infrastructure established a web-based public consultation to poll experts on high priority issues in CIP. This document is a first draft of a research agenda, based on input from the consultation, as well as other individual and group discussions."

  United States. Department of Transportation

  2003
• Federal Hazardous Materials Transportation Law

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  The purpose of this document is to provide adequate protection against the risks to life and property inherent in the transportation of hazardous material in commerce by improving the regulatory and enforcement authority of the Secretary of Transportation.

  United States. Department of Transportation. Research and Special Programs Administration

  2002-11-25
• Handbook for Transit Safety and Security Certification

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  "The Joint Task Force on Safety and Security Certification, established between the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) and the American Public Transportation Association (APTA), prepared this Handbook to support the efforts of the transit industry to achieve continuous improvement in safety and security performance. This Handbook provides a guide for establishing a certification program to address safety and security that identifies the key activities; incorporates safety and security more fully into transit projects; highlights resources necessary to develop and implement a certification program for safety and security; and provides tools and sample forms to promote implementation of the safety and security certification process."

  United States. Department of Transportation

  2002-11