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COPS Office Report to Congress as Required by Tribal Law and Order Act of 2010
"Since the creation of the Community Oriented Policing (COPS) Office under the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, the COPS Office has awarded over 2,000 grants for more than $400 million to help Native American communities hire more than 1,700 new or redeployed law enforcement officers, and has aided tribal jurisdictions in obtaining necessary training, equipment, vehicles, and technology. Through a myriad of grant programs, training, and technical assistance, the COPS Office recognizes and supports the unique law enforcement and other needs specific to tribal communities as a result of their limited resources and high rates of crime and violence. Through our Tribal Resources Grant Program (TRGP) and Tribal Methamphetamine Program (Tribal Meth), and historical programs and funding initiatives such as the Tribal Hiring Renewal Grant Program (THRGP),Tribal Mental Health and Community Safety Initiative (TMHCSI), and the Tribal Court Pilot Program (TCPP), the COPS Office has proactively addressed the needs of law enforcement in Native American communities."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
2011
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Collaboration Toolkit for Community Organizations: Effective Strategies to Partner with Law Enforcement
"Sustainable, safe communities are characterized by community organizations that can work together effectively, have the capacity to develop and sustain strong relationships, solve problems, and can collaborate effectively with their local law enforcement agency. Local law enforcement agencies understand that community-based organizations can be powerful partners. These groups often are composed of individuals who share certain interests and can include, as an example, victims groups, service clubs, support groups, issue groups, advocacy groups, community development corporations, and the faith community. In order to better accomplish the goal of working more effectively with the police, community-based organizations need to understand not only their local police agency's organization and policing philosophy, but also the history of American policing."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
McCampbell, Michael S.
2010-09
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Co-Implementation of Compstat and Community Policing: A National Assessment
"In the last quarter century or so, Compstat (CS) and community policing (CP) have emerged as powerful engines of police reform in the United States. CS is a strategic management system focused on reducing serious crime by decentralizing decision-making to middle managers operating out of districts or precincts, by holding these managers accountable for performance, and by increasing the police organization's capacity to identify, understand, and monitor responses to crime problems. Community policing can be characterized as a philosophy and an organizational strategy designed to reduce crime and disorder through community partnerships, problem solving, and the delegation of greater decision-making authority to patrol officers and their sergeants at the beat level. It varies more than Compstat from place to place in response to local problems and community resources. […] This report presents findings from the first national assessment of CS and CP as co-implemented reforms. Given that systematic research on the co-implementation of CS and CP is scarce, the first purpose of this project was to illuminate the current state of implementation of each reform in the United States and the nature and extent of compatibility problems. Thus, we begin by drawing on data from our national survey to provide a profile of CS and CP in large police agencies. The purpose of the profile is to show what local police departments were doing with each reform, why they decided to adopt them, what some of the differences were between co-implementing and CP-only departments, and what some of the benefits and challenges were that arose from operating both reforms simultaneously."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
Willis, James J.; Mastrofski, Stephen D.; Kochel, Tammy Rinehart
2010-10
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Effects of Problem-Oriented Policing on Crime and Disorder
"We conducted a systematic review to examine the effectiveness of problem-oriented policing (POP) in reducing crime and disorder. Eligible studies had to meet three criteria: (1) the SARA model was used; (2) a comparison group was included; (3) at least one crime or disorder outcome was reported. Units of analysis could be places or people. After an exhaustive search strategy that identified over 5,500 articles and reports, we found only 10 studies that met our main inclusion criteria. This result is particularly surprising given the strong support that has been voiced for POP by both scholars and practitioners. Using meta-analytic techniques, we find an overall modest but statistically significant impact of POP on crime and disorder. We also report on our analysis of pre/post comparison studies. While these studies are less methodologically rigorous, they are more numerous, and our search identified 45 studies that met our other criteria, but did not have a comparison group. Results of these studies indicate an overwhelmingly positive impact of POP. Overall, our results suggest problem-oriented policing has a modest impact on reducing crime and disorder, but we urge caution in interpreting these findings, because of the small number of eligible studies we located in our main analysis, and the diverse group of problems and responses these studies included."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
Weisburd, David; Telep, Cody W.; Hinkle, Joshua C.
2010
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Collaborative Reform Initiative Process: Experiences of Selected Sites
"Since the launch of the Collaborative Reform Initiative for Technical Assistance (CRI-TA) in 2011, interest in and support for this approach to improving trust between police agencies and the communities they serve has grown significantly. As of the writing of this report, 16 law enforcement agencies have been launched as CRI-TA sites. Given this increase in participation and investment, the COPS Office [Office of Community Oriented Policing Services] and others are interested in understanding how participating jurisdictions experience the Collaborative Reform process. This study compares and contrasts how the CRI-TA process unfolded across sites in order to shed light on elements that were similar, elements that differed, things that worked well, and areas in need of improvement. The sites reviewed in this report are the Las Vegas (Nevada) Metropolitan Police Department, Spokane (Washington) Police Department, Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) Police Department, Saint Louis County (Missouri) Police Department, Fayetteville (North Carolina) Police Department, Salinas (California) Police Department, and Calexico (California) Police Department. One-on-one and group interviews were conducted across an array of stakeholders, including representatives from three key groups: (1) COPS Office staff (both current and former), (2) technical assistance (TA) providers and their subject matter expert (SME) partners, and (3) police agency personnel. In addition to speaking with key stakeholders, the team from the Crime and Justice Institute (CJI) reviewed available documents that could shed some light on the CRI-TA process."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
Cole, Christine M.; Collins, Megan; Finn, Julie . . .
2017
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Assessment of the Collaborative Reform Initiative in the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department: A Catalyst for Change
"The Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS Office) at the U.S. Department of Justice launched the Collaborative Reform Initiative for Technical Assistance for Technical Assistance (CRI-TA) in 2012 with the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department (LVMPD) as the first site. Under CRI-TA, law enforcement agencies facing significant issues that may impact public trust undergo a comprehensive assessment, are provided with recommendations on how to address those issues, and receive technical assistance to implement such recommendations. Over two years have passed since LVMPD's final CRI-TA report was published in May of 2014 and formal oversight was complete. The COPS Office granted the Crime and Justice Institute (CJI) at Community Resources for Justice an award to assess the extent to which the reforms that were borne of CRI-TA have had an impact and have been sustained since the formal partnership ended. This report reflects the findings of a nine-month assessment of LVMPD which examined existing data from LVMPD and collected input from 74 individuals within the Department representing a range of ranks and perspectives. In sum, we found that the CRI-TA has been an important catalyst for meaningful and sustained change at the LVMPD."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
Cole, Christine M.; Collins, Megan; Finn, Julie . . .
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Improving Law Enforcement Resilience: Lessons and Recommendations
"The last several decades have seen a downward trend of violence against law enforcement officers; however, the threat of on-the-job injury or death is still real for officers nationwide. For example, vehicular accidents remain a persistent and high cause of officer deaths, but 2016 saw a noticeable uptick in the number of firearms-related officer fatalities compared to recent years. [...] To help address these issues, the COPS [Community Oriented Policing Services] Office and BJA [Bureau of Justice Assistance] decided to focus the October 2016 OSW [Officer Safety and Wellness] Group meeting on how to develop and support resilient officers and agencies."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
Spence, Deborah L.
2017
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Gender, Sexuality, and 21st Century Policing: Protecting the Rights of the LGBTQ+ Community
"Over the past eight years we have witnessed an unprecedented effort to advance the civil rights of--and justice for--lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning (LGBTQ+) people living in the United States. The U.S. Supreme Court struck down the Defense of Marriage Act in 2013, paving the way for its 2015 ruling that denying same-sex couples the right to marry was unconstitutional. [...] With these groundbreaking court decisions and federal statues, same-sex couples and LGBTQ+ victims of crime are now provided the same protections under federal law as different-sex couples and non-LGBTQ+ victims of crime. But despite these successes, LGBTQ+ people living in the United States still experience discrimination in education, employment, and housing--and in the justice system, including policing, arrest, and incarceration. Sometimes this discrimination results from the biased enforcement of the law. [...] To address these issues and to explore their importance to policing, the U.S. Department of Justice's (DOJ) Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS Office), in collaboration with Strategic Applications International (SAI), hosted a forum in Washington, D.C., on July 21, 2016. The forum was attended by law enforcement and representatives of LGBTQ+ advocacy groups. This publication, which summarizes that meeting, is based on input provided by participating subject matter experts and law enforcement agencies during the July forum and pre-forum interviews."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
Copple, James E.; Dunn, Patricia M.
2017
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Effects of COPS Office Funding on Sworn Force Levels, Crime, and Arrests: Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Design
"This paper presents new evidence about one particularly promising approach to controlling crime that does not rely (at least directly) on incarceration and, unlike many other approaches, would seem to be relatively easy to scale: hiring more police. The canonical economic model of crime from Becker (1968) predicts that police deter criminal behavior by increasing the expected costs of punishment to potential offenders. Police may also reduce crime by making arrests that result in the incarceration and hence incapacitation of active offenders, or by engaging in preventive problem-solving activities. While the United States has increased spending on police over the past several decades, the growth in police per capita pales in comparison to the growth in corrections expenditures [...]. The prospect of diminishing marginal returns raises the possibility of shifting resources away from imprisonment towards police to reduce crime at no extra cost. And one thing that almost every police department in the country knows how to do is hire more police. [...] In this paper we present new estimates for the effects on crime from adding more police, which we believe have an unusually strong claim to identification."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
Cook, Philip J., 1946-; Kapustin, Max; Ludwig, Jens . . .
2017
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Campus Threat Assessment Training: A Multidisciplinary Approach for Institutions of Higher Education - Participant's Manual
"Since the tragic events at Virginia Tech in April 2007 and Northern Illinois University in February 2008 and other recent incidents of campus violence, it is uniformly acknowledged that higher education institutions must develop a behavioral threat assessment capacity. Following the incident at Virginia Tech, more than 20 institutional, state, professional association, and governmental reports have recommended that higher education institutions develop and implement threat assessment and management processes and tools as one way to enhance campus safety and security."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
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Community Policing & Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS): Guidelines to Enhance Community Trust
"There is no question that technology is rapidly changing the face of policing today. Most police forces now have computers in patrol cars and communicate with their officers via cell phone. They actively use new technologies to gather license plate data and pinpoint hot spots of crime. New DNA testing capabilities are reopening thousands of old cases, offering the chance to complete an investigation or, in some cases, reverse a wrongful conviction. A driving force among cutting-edge businesses is the search for 'disruptive' technologies--a product that will completely transform a market and potentially make former products obsolete. Technology has been a 'disruptive' force for law enforcement in many ways. For example, the use of cellphone cameras and the explosive growth of body-worn cameras have irreversibly changed the nature of policing. Like these other technological breakthroughs, the development of small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) has the potential to revolutionize policing. These systems are portable, relatively easy to learn and use, and are becoming increasingly affordable as more manufacturers enter the growing market."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
Valdovinos, Maria; Specht, Jim; Zeunik, Jennifer
2016
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Community-Based Approaches to Prevention: A Report on the 2014 National Summit on Preventing Multiple Casualty Violence
From the back cover: "The American public has expressed increasing alarm over incidents of multiple casualty violence. While the law enforcement community has progressed in advancing training in the tactical response to incidents, there are significant gaps in strategies aimed at preventing multiple casualty violence. To address this need, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers has collaborated with the U.S. Department of Justice's Office of Community Oriented Policing Services and the Johns Hopkins University's School of Education to facilitate a series of national summits specifically focused on prevention. The third and final summit occurred in February 2014, bringing together subject matter experts from a wide range of disciplines positioned to help prevent multiple casualty violence, such as law enforcement, health care, law, social sciences, education, and academia. Over the course of the three-day summit, participants outlined the elements of a prevention toolkit adaptable to the needs of individual communities."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
2015
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Understanding Firearms Assaults Against Law Enforcement Officers in the United States
From the COPS [Office of Community Oriented Policing Services] website abstract, "This publication attempts to answer important questions regarding firearm assaults against law enforcement officers. Initially prepared as a framework for discussion in the 2014 Officer Safety and Wellness (OSW) Group roundtable dedicated to identifying best practices for reducing firearm assaults and ambushes, this publication reviews the group's findings on law enforcement policies, procedures, training, and agency characteristics that can reduce officer deaths and injuries. It is divided into three sections: the meeting's findings and recommendations, a review of 50 years of literature written about situational factors that could lead to assaults, and data identified through a current study."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
Kuhns, Joseph B.; Dolliver, Diana; Bent, Emily . . .
2016
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COPS Office FY2015 Application Guide: Community Policing Development
"Community Policing Development (CPD) funds are used to advance the practice of community policing in law enforcement agencies through training and technical assistance, the development of innovative community policing strategies, applied research, guidebooks, and best practices that are national in scope. The COPS [Community Oriented Policing Services] Office, a federal provider of innovative, customer-focused resources that address the continuing and emerging needs of those engaged in enhancing public safety through community policing, has designed the CPD solicitation to address critical topics in the law enforcement field by building on the principles of community policing. […] The 2015 CPD program has been established to fund specific projects related to the following topic areas: (1) Microgrant Initiative for Law Enforcement; (2) Critical Response Technical Assistance; (3) Community Policing Emerging Issues Forums; (4) President's Task Force on 21st Century Policing Field Initiated Projects; (5) Collaborative Reform Initiative Program Evaluation; and (6) Invitational Initiative. There is up to $4 million in CPD funds, and the COPS Office aims to fund numerous projects. All awards are subject to the availability of appropriated funds and any modifications or additional requirements that may be imposed by law. Funding is limited, and we expect this solicitation to be very competitive."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
2015-05
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Collaborative Reform Initiative: An Assessment of the St. Louis County Police Department
"The nation was jarred by events that occurred in 2014 in Ferguson, Missouri; Staten Island, New York; Cleveland, Ohio; and in 2015 in Baltimore, Maryland. These events--which followed officer-involved incidents in these American cities and around the nation--exposed deep divides between communities and their police departments. As the discord reached a fever pitch, law enforcement agencies nationwide began the process of self-evaluation, reflecting on policies and practices and implementing innovative strategies to better engender community policing principles, build trust, and allay fear. The St. Louis County Police Department (SLCPD), with 855 authorized sworn commissioned officer positions, is responsible for providing police services to an estimated population of approximately 407,000 county residents. The population served increases to approximately 1 million when accounting for the fact that the department also provides contracted law enforcement services to 66 municipalities, 12 school districts, and five other organizations within the county. The department provides both full service contracts--in which the SLCPD is the sole police agency for a municipality and provides all police services--and dedicated patrol contracts that require the SLCPD to provide requested police services."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
Norton, Blake; Hamilton, Edwin E.; Braziel, Rick . . .
2015
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Collaborative Reform Initiative: An Assessment of the San Francisco Police Department
"As a result of an extensive independent assessment of the San Francisco Police Department's (SFPD) activities and operations, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS Office) presents findings and recommendations on how to address the agency's needs proactively in a long-term manner to improve trust between the SFPD and the communities it serves."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
2016-10
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Collaborative Reform Initiative: An Assessment of the Salinas Police Department
"Between March and July of 2014, Salinas (California) Police Department (SPD) officers were involved in four officer-involved shootings (OIS). The OIS incidents resulted in the deaths of all four suspects, all of whom were Hispanic. These incidents led to widespread protests against the SPD. Following the four OIS incidents, community members began protesting, as many believed SPD was engaged in biased policing. There were also allegations of brutality, claims that the department was covering up excessive and inappropriate use of force, and a general lack of trust for the department. The SPD's relationships with many in the Hispanic community, particularly in the East Salinas area, were especially damaged by these shooting incidents. As a result of these tensions, Salinas Police Chief Kelly McMillin contacted the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS Office), seeking assistance through the Collaborative Reform Initiative for Technical Assistance (CRI-TA). The COPS Office agreed to provide the requested assistance, and the SPD voluntarily entered into a CRI-TA agreement. The following project goal and four objectives were identified and agreed upon by the COPS Office and the SPD as the focus areas of the assessment: The goal of this CRI-TA assessment is to improve the SPD's responsiveness and accountability to the community, taking into account national standards, promising practices, existing research, and community expectations."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
Santos, Roberto; Gregory, Rick; Cordero, Leocadio . . .
2016
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Collaborative Reform Initiative: Six-Month Assessment Report on the Spokane Police Department
"In fall 2012, only months after being sworn in as the chief of the Spokane Police Department (SPD), former Chief Frank Straub requested that the U.S. Department of Justice's (DOJ) Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS Office) assess the SPD's use of force policies, processes, and practices. The COPS Office responded and tasked CNA with conducting this assessment under the COPS Office's Collaborative Reform Initiative for Technical Assistance (CRI-TA) program. The goal of this review was to improve use of force processes in the SPD, taking into account national standards, best practices, existing research, and community expectations. The objectives of the review were as follows: (1)Examine the SPD's use of force policies and procedures compared with national best practices and existing research, identify areas for improvement, and provide recommendations. (2)Analyze a sample of use of force investigation files from 2009 through 2013 and identify trends, strengths, and weaknesses. (3) Examine the role of the ombudsman in use of force investigations compared with national best practices and existing research. (4)Improve the SPD's culture as it relates to use of force to build trust with the community. The focus of the COPS Office and CNA review centered on the following aspects of SPD's use of force: (1) policy and procedures, (2) training and tactics, (3) investigation and documentation, (4) civilian oversight, and (5) community outreach."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
Rodriguez, Denise; McClelland, Blake
2015
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Collaborative Reform Initiative: An Assessment of the Calexico Police Department
"Across the United States, government leaders are bringing a new level of emphasis--and often urgency-- to aligning best practices in law enforcement with the needs, expectations, and constitutional rights of the communities their police agencies serve. As recently outlined by the President's Task Force on 21st Century Policing, the principal focus of this community policing strategic effort is to advance meaningful solutions to help law enforcement agencies and communities strengthen trust and collaboration while ushering the nation into the next phase of community-oriented policing. In the fall of 2014, a young man alleged that he had been kidnapped and beaten by members of the Calexico Police Department (CPD). The City of Calexico terminated the employment contract of the then Chief of Police, Pompeyo Tabarez. Also in the fall of 2014, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) launched an investigation into possible criminal misconduct by several CPD officers, raided the department, and seized computer hard drives and documents. The city's newly hired Chief of Police, Michael Bostic, identified issues related to the lack of ongoing criminal investigations, internal investigations, and general police operations including his belief that city council members and members of the Calexico Police Officers' Association were interfering with ongoing investigations. Among other actions, the chief terminated the employment of several CPD officers based on their alleged use of seized assets to buy surveillance equipment to extort the city council."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
Bouche, Kenneth A.; Davis, Robert L.; Grant, Stephen C. . . .
2016
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Collaborative Reform Initiative: Assessment Report on the Fayetteville Police Department
"Police leaders and researchers agree that policing in the 21st century, specifically police-community relationships, has reached a tipping point. The community's uproar in response to a number of officer-involved shootings since 2014 has highlighted the strain and lack of trust among some police agencies and the communities they serve. In response to community concern, the President formed the Task Force on 21st Century Policing. After convening police executives, researchers, and community leaders to discuss potential solutions to this issue, the task force produced a report1 documenting a number of recommendations for police agencies across the country to increase legitimacy, improve accountability, and build trust. Reevaluating policing strategies, policies, and training is an integral part of meeting these objectives. As a result, a number of police executives across the nation have proactively sought assistance in identifying and addressing gaps in policy, training, and community outreach strategies before a critical incident occurs. Such approaches can potentially mitigate community uproar and calls for civil rights investigations and consent decrees. One police department showing such initiative is the Fayetteville (North Carolina) Police Department (FPD). Since being appointed chief of the department in February 2013, Chief Harold Medlock has made a number of organizational changes, such as moving from two patrol sectors to three, instituting a sector lieutenant position, implementing a Chain of Command Review Board (CCRB), and requiring all officers to attend training on fair and impartial policing. Then, in fall 2014, he requested technical assistance from the U.S. Department of Justice's (DOJ) Office of Community Policing (COPS Office) through its Collaborative Reform Initiative for Technical Assistance (CRI-TA)."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
Johnson, Will D., III; Rodriguez, Denise; Kunard, Laura . . .
2015
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Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) Collaborative Reform Collaborative Reform
"Collaborative Reform improves trust between police agencies and the communities they serve by providing a means to organizational transformation around specific issues. Collaborative Reform is a long-term, holistic strategy that identifies issues within an agency that may affect public trust. It offers recommendations based on a comprehensive agency assessment for how to resolve those issues and enhance the relationship between the police and the community. Agencies selected to participate must demonstrate a commitment to address the recommendations and undertake significant reform efforts. Collaborative Reform is at work in many police departments around the country. Below you can find more information about the featured police departments, the specific topics under review, and links to available Collaborative Reform reports."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
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Policymaker's Guide to Building Our Way Out of Crime: The Transformative Power of Police-Community Developer Partnerships
From the Document: "The material in this policymaker's guide is drawn from a new book, 'Building Our Way Out of Crime: The Transformative Power of Police-Community Developer Partnerships', by the same authors, and addresses a range of topics that normally command the attention of policymakers--elected and appointed officials at all levels of government, community development leaders, financial industry investment strategists, private foundation executives, and others. More specifically, it seeks to answer such questions as these: [1] Does this strategy work? Says who? What's the evidence? [2] Is it feasible to implement in diverse cities? [3] What are the policy or political incentives and disincentives to adopting this strategy? [4] Do established experts in public safety, community development, and government circles believe this strategy represents a cost-effective, durable solution to neighborhood crime control and revitalization?"
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
Geller, Bill; Belsky, Lisa
2009-06
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Law Enforcement Dog Encounters Training (LEDET): A Toolkit for Law Enforcement
From the Introduction to the Toolkit: "The use of force by law enforcement, deadly or otherwise, has become a major issue before the public. As human cases have become more visible, so, too, have cases where law enforcement officers have used deadly force against companion dogs. [...] The purpose of this toolkit is to arm law enforcement agencies and officers with the information, tools, and resources necessary to handle dog encounters, from prevention all the way through dealing with the aftermath of an unfortunate deadly dog encounter."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
Crosby, James W.; Rider, Chelsea
2019
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Law Enforcement Intelligence: A Guide for State, Local, and Tribal Law Enforcement Agencies; Second Edition
"This second edition of Law Enforcement Intelligence: A Guide for State, Local, and Tribal Law Enforcement captures the vast changes that have occurred in the 4 years since the first edition of the guide was published in 2004 after the watershed events of September 11, 2001. At that time, there was no Department of Homeland Security, Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Information-Sharing Environment, or Fusion Centers. Since the advent of these new agencies to help fight the war on terror, emphasis has been placed on cooperation and on sharing information among local, state, tribal, and federal agencies. The successes of community policing are evident, not just within law enforcement, but also through agencies' work with the community to protect civil liberties and civil rights. A strong foundation between the police and the community also yields valuable information for fighting crime and terrorist threats. Through community policing and the wide array of approaches that fall under its umbrella-hot spots, CompStat, problem-oriented policing, and Intelligence-Led Policing-law enforcement can gather and share information that will enhance public safety. Years of partnership building and problem solving with the community, the private sector, nonprofit organizations, elected officials, social service providers, and other key stakeholders have created an environment in which Intelligence-Led Policing and information sharing is more viable because of the strong relationships established through community policing. This Guide serves as a road map to understanding criminal intelligence and its related methodology, standards, processes, management, and resources. In fact, nearly 85 percent of the material in this second edition is new."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
Carter, David L.
2009-01
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Building Trust Between the Police and the Citizens They Serve: An Internal Affairs Promising Practices Guide for Local Law Enforcement
"Building and maintaining community trust is the cornerstone of successful policing and law enforcement. The building and maintenance of trust takes a great deal of continuous effort. Unfortunately, the ethical work of thousands of local law enforcement officers is easily undone by the actions of one unethical officer. Often, the indictment of one seems like an indictment of all. Once misconduct occurs, the Internal Affairs function of the law enforcement agency becomes the primary method of reassuring the community that the police can and will aggressively address and resolve unethical behavior. In short, the integrity of the police will always dictate the level of community trust. […]This guide attempts to place Internal Affairs in its proper context--not as a stand-alone activity, but as one component of a systemic, agency-wide, professional standards effort. After discussion of some of the other components necessary in the community trust continuum-hiring, training, rewarding excellent performance--the guide focuses on building an effective Internal Affairs approach for any size or type of agency. The guidelines for the Internal Affairs function address every aspect, from complaint processing to decision-making, discipline, notification, and community transparency."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
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Community Policing Defined [2009]
"Community policing is a philosophy that promotes organizational strategies, which support the systematic use of partnerships and problem-solving techniques, to proactively address the immediate conditions that give rise to public safety issues such as crime, social disorder, and fear of crime."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
2009-05
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Role of 311 Nonemergency Systems in Emergencies
"With hurricane season in full swing, cities and counties across the nation, especially those with histories of finding themselves in hurricanes' paths, are preparing. They are preparing public notification plans, stockpiling resources, and revisiting Continuity of Operations Plans (COOP). For some jurisdictions, 311 nonemergency systems have become a key component of their emergency planning. Whereas 311 systems traditionally have been used to report incidents where the immediate presence of a police officer is not required, such as crimes no longer in-progress or quality-of-life problems,2 311 systems are increasingly being used to support emergency operations.3 For example, during emergencies, callers can dial 311 (in jurisdictions that have established 311 systems) to receive up-to-date information on road and building closures, evacuation routes, and shelter locations. By diverting nonemergency calls from busy 911 systems before, during, and after emergencies, 311 systems help ensure that first responders remain available to respond to situations that are immediately life-threatening."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
2009-08
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Identifying and Measuring the Effects of Information Technologies on Law Enforcement Agencies
"This guide, one of the many resources that the COPS Office offers to law enforcement, provides information on the effects of technologies typically acquired by law enforcement agencies. The guide focuses on the Three E's-efficiency, effectiveness, and enabling-which identify the different ways the technology may affect your agency. All three may play a role in assessing the benefits, for example, of acquiring a new automated field reporting system or upgrading your records management system. The guide is based on the results of an assessment of the COPS Office's 2002 Making Officer Redeployment Effective (MORE) grantees; however, the results apply to any agency that is considering or has recently made a technology purchase. Including our 2008 grants, the COPS Office has provided more than $2 billion in funding for crime-fighting technology and is keenly aware of the challenges of measuring the impact of law enforcement technologies. We hope this publication will address your needs as you seek to identify the myriad ways that technology purchases can benefit your agency."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
McEwen, J. Thomas; Groff, Elizabeth (Elizabeth R.)
2008-04
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Disrupting Street-Level Drug Markets
"To determine what is most effective in street-level drug enforcement interventions, this paper reviewed all available, scientifically rigorous academic studies evaluating a wide range of street-level drug law enforcement interventions. The review found that geographically focused interventions (including problem-oriented policing, third-party policing, and Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) initiatives) were better than community-wide approaches that used partnerships across a wide geographic area to reduce drug and disorder problems in neighborhoods plagued with drug problems. The review also found that either type of partnership approach (communitywide or geographically focused) was likely to be more effective at reducing drug problems than law enforcement--only efforts, such as crackdowns, raids and directed patrols that target drug hot spots. In summary, it was found that police efforts to forge crime-control partnerships and build better police-citizen relationships could be a more effective approach to tackling street-level drug problems than simply enforcement-only approaches to policing drug hot spots. This paper reviewed the results of 117 scientifically rigorous street-level drug law enforcement evaluation studies to determine what was most effective in street-level drug enforcement interventions."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
Mazerolle, Lorraine Green; Soole, David W.; Rombouts, Saacha
2007
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Combat Deployment and the Returning Police Officer
"In recent years, police officers from all over the country have been called up to serve in the Military Reserve and National Guard because their units were activated in the defense of our nation. Some officers have found themselves engaging in direct combat and experiencing the effects associated with combat. For others, the impact of deployment can, on its own, result in significant hardships. Lifestyle changes, family disruptions, increased anxiety, stress, and other outcomes can present challenges for officers returning to the workplace. Accordingly, many police agencies are faced with the tasks of preparing for the officers' return and helping them transition back into the agency and into their role as a police officer in the community. This report, Combat Deployment and the Returning Police Officer, reviews the issues concerning the reintegration of police officers who have been deployed in combat zones. Included are discussions of the psychological effects of combat deployment and methods used by police agencies to support a successful transition back to work. The report reviews strategies being used by four police departments to assist returning officers and their families, and offers recommendations for further study. The Office of Community Oriented Policing Services is proud to fund this project that addresses a topic of great import to law enforcement. We are grateful to all of those in the field who have dedicated themselves to supporting officers returning from deployment, and the Institute for Law and Justice for researching this important issue and compiling this report."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
Webster, Barbara, 1947-
2008
