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Hospital (and Transplant Program) Requirements: CMS Emergency Preparedness Final Rule
From the Document: "The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) issued the Emergency Preparedness Requirements for Medicare and Medicaid Participating Providers and Suppliers Final Rule to establish consistent emergency preparedness requirements for healthcare providers participating in Medicare and Medicaid, increase patient safety during emergencies, and establish a more coordinated response to natural and human-caused disasters. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR) worked closely with CMS in the development of the rule. This document combines excerpts from the Final Rule, the Interpretive Guidelines and revisions (New 3.6.19) from CMS to provide a consolidated overview document for the Hospital and Transplant Program Requirements."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response; United States. Technical Resources, Assistance Center and Information Exchange
2019-11-29
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Long Term Care Requirements: CMS Emergency Preparedness Final Rule
From the Document: "The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) issued the Emergency Preparedness Requirements for Medicare and Medicaid Participating Providers and Suppliers Final Rule to establish consistent emergency preparedness requirements for healthcare providers participating in Medicare and Medicaid, increase patient safety during emergencies, and establish a more coordinated response to natural and human-caused disasters. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR) worked closely with CMS in the development of the rule. This document combines excerpts from the Final Rule, the Interpretive Guidelines, and revisions (New 3.6.19) from CMS to provide a consolidated overview document for the Long Term Care (LTC) Requirements."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response; United States. Technical Resources, Assistance Center and Information Exchange
2019-11-29
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Clinics, Rehabilitation Agencies, and Public Health Agency Requirements: CMS Emergency Preparedness Final Rule
From the Document: "The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) issued the Emergency Preparedness Requirements for Medicare and Medicaid Participating Providers and Suppliers Final Rule to establish consistent emergency preparedness requirements for healthcare providers participating in Medicare and Medicaid, increase patient safety during emergencies, and establish a more coordinated response to natural and human-caused disasters. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR) worked closely with CMS in the development of the rule. This document combines excerpts from the Final Rule, the Interpretive Guidelines, and revisions (New 3.6.19) from CMS to provide a consolidated overview document for the Clinics, Rehabilitation Agencies, and Public Health Agencies as providers of Outpatient Physical Therapy and Speech-Language Pathology Services Requirements."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response; United States. Technical Resources, Assistance Center and Information Exchange
2019-11-29
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Ambulatory Surgical Center Requirements: CMS Emergency Preparedness Final Rule
From the Document: "The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) issued the Emergency Preparedness Requirements for Medicare and Medicaid Participating Providers and Suppliers Final Rule to establish consistent emergency preparedness requirements for healthcare providers participating in Medicare and Medicaid, increase patient safety during emergencies, and establish a more coordinated response to natural and human-caused disasters. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR) worked closely with CMS in the development of the rule. This document combines excerpts from the Final Rule, the Interpretive Guidelines, and revisions (New 3.6.19) from CMS to provide a consolidated overview document for the Ambulatory Surgical Center (ASC) Requirements."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response; United States. Technical Resources, Assistance Center and Information Exchange
2019-11-29
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California Should Improve Its Oversight of Selected Nursing Homes' Compliance with Federal Requirements for Life Safety and Emergency Preparedness
From the Document: "In 2016, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) updated its life safety and emergency preparedness regulations to improve protections for all Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries, including those residing in long-term-care facilities (commonly known as nursing homes). The updates included requirements that nursing homes have expanded sprinkler systems and smoke detector coverage; an emergency plan that is reviewed, trained on, tested, and updated at least annually; and provisions for sheltering in place and for evacuation. Our objective was to determine whether California ensured that selected nursing homes in the State that participated in the Medicare or Medicaid programs complied with CMS requirements for life safety and emergency preparedness."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of Inspector General
2019-11
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ASPR TRACIE Disaster Behavioral Health Self Care for Healthcare Workers Modules
From the Background: "The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR) Technical Resources, Assistance Center, and Information Exchange (TRACIE) has helped develop resources and participated in ASPR At-Risk Individuals, Behavioral Health & Community Resilience (ABC) interagency/ external partner working groups in every disaster recovery operation for the last four years, to assist with issues related to disaster behavioral health (DBH), provider self-care, suicide prevention, and compassion fatigue. One continuous knowledge gap identified during this time has been the need for information for front-line healthcare and social services workers to use prior to a disaster to recognize and reduce their stress levels and maintain resilience during recovery. This gap was validated via communication with the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), the National Center for Child Traumatic Stress, and various ASPR TRACIE disaster behavioral health (DBH) subject matter experts (SMEs) in addition to ASPR staff. These modules are designed for healthcare workers in all settings, but primarily hospital-based providers."
United States. Technical Resources, Assistance Center and Information Exchange; United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response
2019-09
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Care Provider Facilities Described Challenges Addressing Mental Health Needs of Children in HHS Custody
From the Document: "By law, ORR [Office of Refugee Resettlement], which is within the Department of Health and Human Services, has custody of and must provide care for each unaccompanied child, including addressing their mental health needs. ORR-funded care provider facilities are required to provide counseling to children and arrange for more specialized mental health services, as needed. We conducted our fieldwork during a time when ORR was experiencing an influx of children. Our findings could inform the Unaccompanied Alien Children Program's preparation for future surges."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of Inspector General
2019-09
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Unaccompanied Alien Children Care Provider Facilities Generally Conducted Required Background Checks but Faced Challenges in Hiring, Screening, and Retaining Employees
From the Document: "The Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR), a Program Office of the Administration for Children and Families (ACF) within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), manages the Unaccompanied Alien Children (UAC) Program. The Program serves children who arrive in the United States unaccompanied, as well as children who are separated from their parents or legal guardians by immigration authorities. To ensure the health and safety of children in the ORR UAC Program, OIG [Office of Inspector General] is conducting reviews of efforts by ORR facilities to protect all children in their care. Our objectives were to determine whether selected facilities (1) conducted required background checks for staff who had access to children, (2) employed case managers and mental health clinicians who met the minimum education requirements, and (3) faced any staffing challenges related to hiring and retention."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of Inspector General
2019-09
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Healthcare Facilities and Power Outages: Guidance for State, Local, Tribal, Territorial, and Private Sector Partners
From the Introduction: "This document provides guidance and resources on improving healthcare facility resilience to power outages. Resilience is the backbone of emergency management. The Nation's ability to weather storms and disasters without experiencing loss significantly reduces our risk. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) developed this guide in collaboration with, and support from, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' (HHS) Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR) and other partners to meet, in part, the requirements of Section 1208 of the Disaster Recovery Reform Act. This document informs state, local, tribal, and territorial governments, first responders, utility companies, and healthcare facilities on: [1] Healthcare facility preparedness standards and challenges; [2] Ways to integrate emergency preparedness efforts throughout the whole community; and [3] Methods for prioritizing assistance to hospitals, nursing homes, and other long-term care facilities during power outages."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response
2019-08
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Partnering with the Healthcare Supply Chain During Disasters
From the Purpose: "This document is intended to provide an overview of the emergency planning and response considerations of healthcare supply chain owners, operators, and end users, as well as insights for healthcare coalitions (HCCs) working with healthcare supply chain partners on preparedness, response, and recovery. It is not intended to be a comprehensive listing but aims to capture 'key changes' during serious or catastrophic events, compared to normal supply chain operations, as well as planning and response contingencies."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response
2019-08
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ASPR TRACIE Emergency Preparedness Information Modules for Nurses in Acute Care Settings
From the Document: "The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR) Technical Resources, Assistance Center, and Information Exchange (TRACIE) partnered with Spectrum Health to evaluate a series of healthcare emergency preparedness information modules for nurses (EPIMN) in acute care settings. To complement this effort, ASPR TRACIE also engaged a senior health economist to construct a framework to assess the impact and outcomes associated with implementing training programs like EPIMN. Research has shown that nurses generally lack a foundation of emergency preparedness and response knowledge. Spectrum Health surveyed its nurses and found a similar knowledge gap within its health system. To address this need, Spectrum Health developed information modules for its acute care nursing staff. ASPR TRACIE engaged its Subject Matter Expert (SME) Cadre to review the information modules, adapted the modules for application to acute care settings generally, and disseminated EPIMN for potential use by healthcare facilities nationwide. A case study describing the roll-out of EPIMN by Spectrum Health and the effects of implementing the training program among its acute care nurses is included as Appendix A. Complementing the efforts to develop and make EPIMN available, ASPR TRACIE also supported a senior health economist in developing a framework that healthcare organizations may use to conduct an economic analysis of the costs of providing initial and refresher preparedness training to their personnel and the associated gains to measure the return on investment (ROI) of such training. The senior health economist used Spectrum Health and its implementation of EPIMN as a case study for application of this framework. A summary description of the development of the framework is included later in this document and the full report is included as Appendix B."
United States. Technical Resources, Assistance Center and Information Exchange; United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response
2019-08
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Southwest Key Programs Did Not Always Comply with Health and Safety Requirements for the Unaccompanied Alien Children Program
From the Document: "The Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR) within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Administration for Children and Families (ACF), manages the Unaccompanied Alien Children (UAC) Program. We initiated a series of reviews of UAC Program grantees because, beginning in fiscal year (FY) 2012, there were significant increases in both the number of children served by the UAC Program and program funding, as well as multiple changes to ORR policies beginning in FY 2014. We selected Southwest Key Programs (Southwest Key), a UAC Program grantee, for review because it is one of the largest providers of services to UAC in the United States. We conducted this audit in conjunction with our review of Southwest Key's financial management of Federal funds received to operate the UAC Program (A-06-17-07004). Our objective was to determine whether Southwest Key met applicable safety standards for the care and release of children in its custody."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of Inspector General
2019-08
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Managing Solid Waste Contaminated with a Category A Infectious Substance
From the Preface: "[T]his guidance aims to prepare the nation to effectively manage Category A waste associated with infectious disease incidents. The guidance also aims to improve understanding of the safety of infectious waste management processes. It is intended to help government and non-governmental leaders, local emergency medical services, emergency managers, hospitals, healthcare providers, laboratories, environmental services workers, waste management companies and workers, and related stakeholders safely handle, inactivate, transport, and dispose of Category A waste."
United States. Department of Transportation; United States. Environmental Protection Agency; United States. Department of Labor . . .
2019-08
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Mass Casualty Trauma Triage: Paradigms and Pitfalls
From the Intended Scope and Action: "The focus of this paper is specifically designed to educate emergency planners on the key distinctions of no-notice, dynamic incident scenes with exceedingly large numbers of patients. This will require review of current plans and making necessary modifications to those plans and corresponding training and exercises to ensure preparedness for these types of events. Each community has a unique set of resources and needs and may therefore require different solutions than other jurisdictions. It is important to note that this is a discussion document, and not a consensus document. Therefore, the authors have tried to represent the diversity of opinions where they were significant. This document is also focused on triage and does not account for the broad range of supporting disaster planning required for successful response."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response
2019-07
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Federal Recovery Programs for Healthcare Organizations
From the Document: "Each year healthcare facilities are directly impacted by disasters. Pre-disaster planning is critical to ensure effective post-disaster recovery. An underemphasized but key component of any disaster plan are the organization's financial and administrative preparedness capabilities. The federal government can provide relief to organizations (including healthcare organizations) via direct reimbursement for expenses and damages and disaster-related loans. This tip sheet provides an overview of eligibility factors, program/grant requirements, and pre- and post-disaster federal financial opportunities for healthcare facilities."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response
2019-07
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Medical Surge and the Role of Accountable Care Organizations
From the Overview: "Accountable care organizations (ACOs) are groups of healthcare providers and care settings that come together to deliver high-quality care to an assigned patient population. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) supports the development of ACOs through the Medicare Shared Savings Program and Innovation Center Models (e.g., the Next Generation ACO Model). Medicaid and commercial insurers have also established various ACO models for their beneficiary populations. ACOs provide incentives for groups of healthcare entities to coordinate care for their assigned patients with the goal of efficiently providing high quality care as measured by reduced inefficiencies and overall healthcare delivery costs. As a relatively new healthcare delivery and payment model, little is known about the role of Medicare ACOs and their participants in the medical surge response to emergencies and disasters. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR) Technical Resources, Assistance Center, and Information Exchange (TRACIE) conducted five telephone interviews with ACO leaders with beneficiaries in eight states to learn about their perceptions regarding the role of Medicare ACOs in supporting the health and medical response to disasters or emergencies. The interviews sought to assess Medicare ACOs and their participants': (1) role in emergency preparedness and response; (2) capacities and capabilities; (3) factors that challenge involvement; (4) factors that may facilitate engagement; and (5) lessons learned from real-life responses."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response
2019-07
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Medical Surge and the Role of Home Health and Hospice Agencies
From the Overview: "Millions of patients across the country receive care through Medicare-certified home health agencies and hospices each year. Mostly comprised of older adults who frequently have multiple medical conditions and often have lower household incomes, home health and hospice patients are among the most vulnerable populations in the U.S. Unlike other recipients of healthcare services, the care is delivered to the home health or hospice patient; the patient does not travel to receive care. Emergency planning for home health and hospice agencies must account for a continually changing patient population and care setting; unique situations encountered in each care setting; the routes staff must travel to safely and efficiently reach their patients; and the business continuity of their administrative offices. [...] This study does not provide conclusive statements on emergency management that are generalizable to all Medicare-certified home health and hospice agencies. Rather, the project team used this exploratory study to learn more about the role of home health and hospice agencies in emergency response and to inform future efforts from ASPR [Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response] TRACIE [Technical Resources, Assistance Center and Information Exchange]. These findings and recommendations are a first step toward greater emergency management awareness and engagement, particularly among home health and hospice agencies and their community partners, including hospitals, public health, emergency management, emergency medical services, and other healthcare providers and settings."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response; United States. Technical Resources, Assistance Center and Information Exchange
2019-06
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Opioids: Facts Parents Need to Know
From A Letter to Parents: "You have probably heard a lot about the opioid crisis in the news lately. But what are opioids, and what do they have to do with you as the parent of a teenager? If your child has had a sports injury, dental work, or surgery, it is possible that he or she was prescribed a pain reliever that contained an opioid. Opioids can be very effective at reducing severe pain in the short term, such as after surgery, but they can be very addictive, especially if they are misused. Children and adolescents are at greater risk than adults of becoming addicted when exposed to drugs. Particularly when used in treating children or adolescents, opioids should only be taken to manage severe pain, when no other pain medicine works, and for the shortest time necessary--and most importantly, only while under the careful watch of a trained health care provider."
National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health (U.S.); United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2019-06
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Tailoring Crisis Response and Pre-Arrest Diversion Models for Rural Communities
From the Introduction: "Rural communities face unique challenges in implementing existing crisis response and pre-arrest diversion models for people with mental and substance use disorders. These include wide geographic areas served, limited availability of crisis services, gaps in treatment and social services, and constrained financial and staffing resources. [...] This brief features a few current strategies and technologies that rural communities can adopt to increase opportunities for crisis response and pre-arrest diversion of individuals with mental and substance use disorders from the local criminal justice system."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services; United States. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
2019-06?
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Information Memorandum: Definitions and Principles to Inform Human Trafficking Prevention
From the Purpose: "The purpose of this IM [Information Memorandum] is to enhance common understanding of foundational principles of prevention in order to promote increased efforts to prevent all forms of human trafficking. The IM describes key concepts for organizations and communities to consider when integrating prevention strategies, approaches, and services into anti-trafficking efforts. The IM also provides a framework for the development of national, state, tribal, and local collaborations to prevent human trafficking."
United States. Administration for Children and Families; United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2019-04-24
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Cost Analysis of Healthcare Sector Data Breaches Health Sector Cybersecurity Coordination Center (HC3)
From the Executive Summary: "Data breaches can have a significant impact on both the healthcare organization attacked and the individual victims. Healthcare and Public Health Sector (HPH) sector entities face the cost of recovery, lawsuits and the public relations ramifications including loss of customers/patients. Individuals can suffer financial penalties of various sorts as well as the embarrassment of having personal information leaked. As a result, the Federal government has passed several pieces of legislation in order to help protect against and curb data breaches, including regulations and penalties for healthcare organizations that are non-compliant. Costs are either direct or indirect, and mitigation efforts can be viewed in terms of prevention (the preferred method) and post-breach cost reduction. HPH Sector entities are encouraged to factor the cost of breaches into their overall approach towards risk management for both legal and operational efficiency reasons. According to a Ponemon Institute study, the average cost of a breach for a healthcare organization is approximately $8 million, and trending upwards, while another study concluded that a total breach cost can exceed $400 per patient record exposed, elevating the importance of establishing strong risk management practices."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2019-04-12
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Critical Access Hospital Requirements CMS Emergency Preparedness Final Rule
From the Document, "The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) issued the Emergency Preparedness Requirements for Medicare and Medicaid Participating Providers and Suppliers Final Rule to establish consistent emergency preparedness requirements for healthcare providers participating in Medicare and Medicaid, increase patient safety during emergencies, and establish a more coordinated response to natural and human-caused disasters. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR) worked closely with CMS in the development of the rule. This document combines excerpts from the Final Rule, the Interpretive Guidelines and revisions to the Interpretive Guidelines (New 3.6.19) from CMS to provide a consolidated overview document for the Critical Access Hospital (CAH) Requirements."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response
2019-03-06
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Controlled Substances & Emergency Response Fact Sheet: Frequently Asked Questions
From the Document: "The regulatory landscape around controlled substances is complex and evolving. A myriad of healthcare and public stakeholders are engaged in this field across the spectrum of care, including insurance providers, clinicians, pharmacists, mental health professionals, regulatory bodies such as the Drug Enforcement Agency, and more. During disasters, complexity increases for patients and providers alike, with requirements of transporting, dispensing, refilling, and administering controlled substances frequently taking on a new sense of urgency or manifesting in new ways. These factors affect access to new or continued treatment for patients during a disaster."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response
2019-03
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Space, Staff, Stuff: Identifying Your Community's Resources
"'Space, Staff, Stuff: Identifying Your Community's Resources' (hereafter referred to as 'Space, Staff, Stuff') is a customizable tool for community planners. This tool helps planners identify their community organizations' roles, responsibilities, and resources and determine potential gaps in their all-hazards planning efforts. It is designed to benefit any community regardless of demographics, infrastructure, current levels of planning, or availability of public health and health care resources."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2019-03
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Topic Collection: Ambulatory Care and Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHC) [website]
"During disasters or public health emergencies clinics, community health centers, mental/behavioral healthcare providers, federally-qualified health centers, private physician offices, ambulatory procedure centers, and other outpatient facilities play a critical part in the response by addressing the needs of patients with both acute and chronic conditions. Failures, damage, or compromise to ambulatory care operations can dramatically increase the stress on the emergency medical services and hospital systems and also result in exacerbations of chronic medical conditions that add additional healthcare burdens. The resources in this Topic Collection can help emergency planners in these types of facilities plan for and respond to a variety of incidents. [...] Each resource in this Topic Collection is placed into one or more of the following categories (click on the category name to be taken directly to that set of resources). Resources marked with an asterisk (*) appear in more than one category."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response
2019-02-15
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Preparing for Tornado Season
This resource is also available in Spanish [https://childcareta.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/public/preparing-tornado-season-esp.pdf]. From the Document: "Tornadoes can happen at any time. However, they are most likely to occur in the spring and summer months. Tornadoes may cause extensive damage to structures and disrupt transportation, power, water, gas, and communications in its direct path and in neighboring areas. With spring fast approaching, now is a good time to be sure that your program is prepared."
United States. Administration for Children and Families; United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2019-02-11?
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Emergency Preparedness- Updates to Appendix Z of the State Operations Manual (SOM)
"The Emergency Preparedness Final Rule (81 Fed. Reg. 63860, September 16, 2016) sets out requirements for all providers and suppliers in regards to planning, preparing and training for emergency situations. The rule includes requirements for emergency plans, policies and procedures, communications and staff training. While there are minor variations based on the specific provider type, the rule is applicable to all providers and suppliers. The emergency preparedness requirement is a Condition of Participation/Condition for Coverage which covers the requirement for facilities to have an emergency preparedness program."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services; Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (U.S.)
2019-02-01
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Ending the HIV Epidemic: A Plan for America
Factsheet and infographic from the Department of Health and Human Services about a program to end the HIV [human immunodeficiency virus] epidemic: "HHS is proposing a once-in-a-generation opportunity to eliminate new HIV infections in our nation. The multi-year program will infuse 48 counties, Washington, D.C., San Juan, Puerto Rico, as well as 7 states that have a substantial rural HIV burden with the additional expertise, technology, and resources needed to end the HIV epidemic in the United States. Our four strategies - diagnose, treat, protect, and respond - will be implemented across the entire U.S. within 10 years."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2019-02
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Interim Report: Evaluation of Occupational Exposures to Opioids, Mental Health Symptoms, Exposure to Traumatic Events, and Job Stress in a City Fire Department
From the Introduction: "In October 2017, a city in Ohio requested a health hazard evaluation (HHE) concerning possible unintentional exposure to opioids among police officers and fire fighters during first responder activities. As one part of the overall HHE request, city and fire department officials were concerned about how responding to the opioid epidemic might affect the mental health of fire fighters, who also provide emergency medical services (EMS) for the city."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); United States. Department of Health and Human Services; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Chiu, Sophia; Wiegand, Douglas M.; Broadwater, Kendra . . .
2019-02
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Fourth Generation Agents: Safety Awareness for First On-Scene Responders
This document is a quick reference information sheet for first responders dealing with fourth generation agents during an emergency response situation.
United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Chemical Hazards Emergency Medical Management
Fourth Generation Agents Working Group
2019-01-18