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Mass Casualty Care Strategy for Biological Terrorism Incidents [May 1, 2001]
In recent years, growing concern over the likelihood of a terrorist attack involving the use of unconventional weapons, such as biological warfare agents, has increased. The threat is indeed serious, and the potential
for devastating numbers of casualties is high. Our health and medical community must be prepared to respond to such an event. To facilitate response planning, the Biological Weapons Improved Response Program (BW IRP) developed a mass casualty
care concept called the Neighborhood
Emergency Help Center (NEHC). This concept describes the first operational component of a comprehensive health and medical response strategy being developed
by the BW IRP. The purpose of this pamphlet is to provide basic information, highlighting key characteristics of the NEHC concept. This pamphlet is not extensive in
detail; rather it is a summary of the information contained in the BW IRP technical report entitled NEHC Concept of Operations. It should be noted that the Modular Emergency Medical System (MEMS), including
all its components such as the NEHC,
was developed with input from numerous
and various sources. This pamphlet presents a system that should not be construed as the only method to address such an event. This pamphlet presents a detailed concept that
may be used as a starting point or tailored as needed for specific application.
United States. Department of Defense
2001-05-01
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History of Biological Warfare
This document provides a brief history of biological warfare from 1346 to 1992. The use of bacteriological agents in an armed conflict can be dated back to 1346, at Kaffa (now Feodossia) where the bodies of Tartar soldiers who succumbed to the plague were thrown over the walls of the besieged city. It is hypothesized by some medical historians that the action resulted in the infamous pandemic that spread over the entire continent of Europe from Genoa, via the Mediterranean ports. 1710 During the war between Russia and Sweden, Russian troops are said to have used the cadavers of plague victims to provoke an epidemic with the enemy. 1767 The French and Indian War was fought in North America between France and England during the period of 1754- 1767. Both sides relied heavily on the support of Indian allies. The English attacked Ft. Carillon twice and were repulsed with heavy losses. An English general, Sir Jeffery Amherst, surreptitiously provided the Indians loyal to the French with blankets infected with smallpox virus. The resulting epidemic decimated the Indians. Shortly thereafter, General Amherst successfully attacked Ft. Carlillon and renamed it Ft. Ticonderoga. By deduction, the small pox epidemic played a significant role in the victory. The timeline continues with World War I through 1991.
United States. Department of Defense
2001
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Biological Agent Information Papers: United States Army Institute of Infectious Diseases
This is a collection of informative papers on a range of different biological agents. The papers read almost like a Material Safety Data Sheet for each agent. The following is an index of the different agents described in this document: Anthrax, Botulism, Brucellosis, Cholera, Plague, Q Fever, Ricin Intoxication, Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B Disease, Tricothecene Mycotoxicosis, Tularemia, Variola (Smallpox),and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis. Each document contains a description of the agent, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prophylaxis, decontamination and isolation procedures, and outbreak control.
United States. Department of Defense
2001
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Deputy Secretary Wolfowitz Briefing on the Defense Planning Guidance
Special briefing on the Defense Planning Guidance by Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz.
United States. Department of Defense
2001-08-16
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Global Threats and Challenges
Statement to the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence by Vice Admiral Thomas R. Wilson, Director, Defense Intelligence Agency regarding the Post-September 11 Security Environment.
United States. Department of Defense
2002-02-06
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DoD Directive 3025.1: Military Support to Civil Authorities (MSCA)
This directive consolidates all policy and responsibilities previously known as "Military Assistance to Civil Authorities," applicable to disaster-related civil emergencies within the United States, its territories, and possessions, with those related to attacks on the United States, which previously were known as "Military Support to Civil Defense."
United States. Department of Defense
1993-01-15
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DoD Directive 3025.12: Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances (MACDIS)
This directive updates policy and responsibilities governing planning and response by the DoD Components for military assistance to Federal, State, and local government (including government of U.S. territories) and their law enforcement agencies for civil disturbances and civil disturbance operations, including response to terrorist incidents, which hereafter are referred to cumulatively as "Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances."
United States. Department of Defense
1994-02-12
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DoD Joint Service Chemical/Biological Defense Program Committee Staff Procurement Backup Book FY 2003 Budget Submission Procurement Defense-Wide
The DoD Chemical/Biological Defense (CBD) Program provides development and procurement of systems for U.S. forces to operate in all battlespaces contaminated with chemical and biological (CB) agents in support of U.S. counterproliferation policy. The
probability of U.S. forces encountering CB agents remains high. In FY 2003, the CBD Program expands to support homeland security and combating terrorism initiatives of the President and the Department by providing those systems necessary to effectively deter and respond to acts of CB terrorism. The CBD Program continues to implement congressional direction to improve joint CBD capabilities and reflects an integrated jointly developed modernization program. This year's program funds the passive defense counterproliferation initiatives, enhances military support to civilian authorities with consequence management capabilities, and initiates strong homeland security programs to enhance CB preparedness. The CBD Program invests in technologies to provide improved capabilities that have minimal adverse
impact on our warfighting potential. Joint and Service unique programs support the framework of the three tenets of CB defense: Contamination Avoidance (detection and identification) and NBC Battle Management (reconnaissance and warning of battlespace contamination to enable units to maneuver around the contamination), Force Protection (individual, collective, and medical support), and Decontamination. The FY 2003 budget adjusts CBD modernization efforts to meet the strategy as outlined in the September 2001 Report of the Quadrennial Defense Review and includes resources for CB sensors, early-detection systems and an integrated joint warning and reporting network for CB attacks; biological warfare defense vaccines, medical countermeasures and surveillance systems; improvement of protective suits and masks; and modernized decontamination systems that minimize environmental impact
and are suitable for use on sensitive aircraft and electronic systems and for area decontamination of ports and airfields. In summary, the DoD CBDP
remains committed to establishing the correct balance between the near term requirement to field modernized equipment to the field, and the need to protect and replenish our long term investment in technology.
United States. Department of Defense
2002-02
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Chemical Agent Terrorism
Terrorists have used chemical warfare agents and may use them again. These agents range from those that cause death quickly, such as the nerve agents and cyanide, to those with effects beginning hours after exposure, such as mustard and the pulmonary agents. Although prevention of such an attack would be the best strategy, this may not be possible. Medical personnel must be prepared to diagnose, manage, and triage casualties. To do this, they must have equipment and knowledge.
United States. Department of Defense
Sidell, Frederick R.
2001-09-30
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DoD Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standards [July 1999]
This Standard is issued under the authority of DoD Directive 6055.9, "DoD Explosives Safety Board (DDESB), and DoD Component Explosives Safety Responsibilities," July 29, 1996. It establishes uniform safety standards applicable to ammunition and explosives, to associated personnel and property, and to unrelated personnel and property exposed to the potential damaging effects of an accident involving ammunition and explosives during their development, manufacturing, testing, transportation, handling, storage, maintenance, demilitarization, and disposal
United States. Department of Defense
1999-07
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International Contributions to the War Against Terrorism: Fact Sheet
Coalition partners from across globe are fighting against evil of terrorism. The terrorism of September 11th was not just an attack on the United States; it was an attack on the
world. Citizens from more than 80 countries died that day - innocent men, women and children from
across the globe. Within hours of the tragedy, coalitions involving many nations assembled to fight
terrorism - literally hundreds of countries have contributed in a variety of ways - some militarily,
others diplomatically, economically and financially. Some nations have helped openly; others prefer not to disclose their contributions. The United States began building the coalition on September 12, 2001, and there are currently 69 nations supporting the global war on terrorism. To date, 20 nations have deployed more than 16,000 troops to the U.S. Central Command's region of responsibility. This coalition of the willing is working hard every day to defeat terrorism, wherever it may exist. Contained in this document is a partial list of military contributions to the war on terrorism from some of the countries that
have lent their support. This list is not intended to be all-inclusive but to give the reader a sense of the
important role played by the coalition of coalitions in the global war on terrorism. This list will be
updated monthly.
United States. Department of Defense
2002-06-07
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DOD 3150.8-M: Nuclear Weapon Accident Response Procedures (NARP)
"This manual has been developed by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under the authority of Department of Defense Directive 3150.8, 'DoD Response to Radiological Accidents,' June 13, 1996, and supersedes DoD Manual 5100.52-M, 'Nuclear Weapon Accident Response Procedures (NARP) Manual,' September 4, 1990.
This manual provides planners for Combatant Commanders, the Services, Response Task Force (RTF) Commanders and Initial Response Force (IRF) Commanders with the information necessary to understand the overall response concept, the role of the IRF and RTF, the relationship of the IRF, RTF, and DoD to other Federal agencies. This manual also provides guidance in conducting site remediation activities following an accident involving a nuclear weapon in DoD custody or other types of radiological accidents or incidents. This manual provides a national RTF organization, identifies applicable DoD publications and resources used in response efforts. This manual also describes the substantial resources other Federal agencies make available to assist in the response effort."
United States. Department of Defense
1996
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Changing Face of the Department of of Defense's Chemical Biological Defense Chemical Biological Defense Program
A Presentation made at the World Wide Chemical Conference XIX by the Deputy Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Chemical and Biological Defense about the past, present and future of the DoD's Biological Defense program.
United States. Department of Defense
Johnson-Winegar, Anna
2002-10-19
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Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) Fact Sheet
The Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) is charged with reducing the present threat to the United States and its allies from weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and preventing future threats. DTRA is creating the intellectual infrastructure for a new
approach to deter and counter the worldwide proliferation of WMD. DTRA reviews licenses for the export of U.S. technologies that could be used to support the production and delivery of WMD or conventional weapons to ensure that the transfers are consistent with U.S. national security interests. It implements the
Cooperative Threat Reduction program, which assists former Soviet Union countries in reducing their WMD infrastructure and provides verifiable safeguards against WMD
proliferation. DTRA conducts force protection vulnerability assessments designed to protect military and civilian personnel and their families from terrorist acts. The Agency
leads DoD efforts to support operational forces and develop field systems to counter WMD proliferation.
United States. Department of Defense
2000
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Report of the Biological Weapon Improved Response Program (BW-IRP): Updated BW Response Decision Tree and BW Response Template to U.S. Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command (SBCCOM)
The purpose of this report is to update the original BW-IRP Decision Tree and the BW-IRP Response Template, published in April 1999, with information obtained from workshops, exercises and seminars conducted subsequent to its initial development. The BW Response Template was validated by a series of workshops at various cities to determine the applicability and scalability to different locations and demographics. Additional workshops were focused on other areas of the project. The Revised Decision Tree incorporates changes and modification derived from the workshops conducted under the BW-IRP. As part of the modification process, several additional decision trees were generated that go into more detail than the basic Decision Tree. This level of detail may prove to helpful to jurisdictions as they plan for their response to a BW incident. The key decisions during a BW response are: Has an unexplained event occurred?; Is a major public health event occurring?; Is the probable cause and population at risk known?; Decide on medical prophylaxis and treatment measures; Decide on appropriate activation of emergency medical support and other appropriate responses functions. The result is that the BW Decision Tree and BW Response Template, when taken together, provide a picture of what is likely to be required to successfully respond to a BW incident. The BW Decision Tree and its subordinate decision trees may serve also as an aid in identifying and tracking the difficult but necessary decisions that must be made during an ongoing large-scale medical emergency. The template provides a structured response strategy and includes examples of response activities.
United States. Department of Defense
Kussman, Richard L.
2001-05
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Training Circular 3-10: Commander's Tactical NBC Handbook
Training Circular 3-10 provides commanders of battalion and brigade-sized units with the tactics, techniques and procedures (TTP) to train and operate under nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) conditions. Ultimately, the focus of this manual is to take the mystery and fear out of NBC defense. Leaders and soldiers must develop confidence in their equipment and in their own ability to both survive and operate effectively while wearing MOPP gear.
United States. Department of Defense
1994-09-29
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Army Field Manual: Chemical Accident Contamination Control
This manual provides guidance for training, equipping, and utilizing
teams for contamination control during accidents/incidents involving
chemical surety material. Specific guidance is provided for nuclear,
biological, chemical (NBC) teams and decontamination teams, but the
general principles presented apply to all special teams and personnel concerned with chemical accident/incident control (CAIC).
Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) unit operations for CAIC are specified in FM 9-15. This manual covers procedures and techniques for reducing chemical hazards from accidents and incidents. It describes procedures for detecting, identifying, controlling and decontaminating chemical contamination. This manual is designed primarily for peacetime
operations but is applicable in wartime operations.
United States. Department of Defense
1978-02-23
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Human Behavior and WMD Crisis / Risk Communication Workshop: Final Report, March 2001
Results of a workshop that sought to investigate: methods of reducing public panic/fear in the event of an WMD attack, persuading the public to take appropriate actions, and finally, identifying and preventing adverse psychological and psychosocial effects experienced by the public and first responders. Report also includes lessons learned from past experiences, and presents prioritized recommendations for future research and analysis.
United States. Department of Defense
2001-03
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Beyond Nation Building
Remarks as delivered by Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld, 11th Annual Salute to Freedom, Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum, New York City, Friday, February 14, 2003. Defense Secretary Rumsfeld said the United States, in a post-Saddam Hussein Iraq, would seek to create conditions where the Iraqi people can form a government in their own way, just as Afghans have done with their representative government that is uniquely Afghan. Rumsfeld also states that no matter what new problem arises in the world, the United States will not abandon Afghanistan until it has been completely restructured. He said it remains an important ally, not just in the war on terrorism, but in the greater struggle for freedom and moderation in the Middle East. Finally, he said that if the United States does lead an international coalition into Iraq, it will be guided by two commitments; stay as long as necessary, and leave as soon as possible.
United States. Department of Defense
Rumsfeld, Donald, 1932-
2003-02-14
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Joint Training Master Plan 2002 for the Armed Forces of the United States
This instruction provides guidance for planning and conducting
joint training and exercises. It outlines common requirements, establishes milestones for the long-range development of joint training, and details the role of US Joint Forces Command (USJFCOM) as the lead Joint Force Integrator, DOD Executive Agent for Joint Warfighting Experimentation, and lead agent for joint force training IAW the Unified Command Plan (UCP) 1999.
United States. Department of Defense
2000-08-14
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Joint Training Policy for The Armed Forces of the United States
Title 10 US Code, section 153, prescribes that, subject to the
authority, direction, and control of the President and the Secretary of Defense, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff will be responsible for (a) "formulating policies for the joint training of the Armed Forces," and (b) "formulating policies
for coordinating the military education and training of members of the Armed Forces."
United States. Department of Defense
1999-12-31
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Nuclear Command and Control Joint Mission Essential Tasks and Computer-Based Training
National Military Command System (NMCS) nodes and unified
command centers with NC2 responsibilities will develop training
programs that ensure NC2 command center staffs are trained in the
specific JMETs identified in this instruction. The JMETs listed in this
instruction represent the minimum command center staff tasks
supporting national NC2 responsibilities. Functional areas of NC2 include (1) Nuclear Operations, (2) Emergency Actions Operations, (3)
Communications, (4) Adaptive Planning, (5) Tactical Warning and Attack Assessment (TW/AA), and (6) Survivable Mobile Command Centers.
United States. Department of Defense
2000-01-15
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Quadrennial Defense Review Report, September 30, 2001
Even before the attack of September 11, 2001, the senior leaders of the Defense Department set out to establish a new strategy for America's defense that would embrace uncertainty and contend with surprise, a strategy premised on the idea that to be effective abroad, America must be safe at home. It sought to set the conditions to extend America's influence and preserve America's security. The strategy that results is built around four key goals that will guide the development of U.S. forces capabilities, deployment, and use: Assuring allies and friends of the United States' steadiness of purpose and its capability to fulfill its security commitments; Dissuading adversaries from undertaking programs or operations that could threaten U.S. interests or those of our allies and friends; Deterring aggression and coercion by deploying forward the capacity to swiftly defeat attacks and impose severe penalties for aggression on an adversary's military capability and supporting infrastructure, and; Decisively defeating any adversary if deterrence fails.
United States. Department of Defense
2001-09-30
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Face Recognition at a Chokepoint: Scenario Evaluation Results
This report describes an evaluation performed on three face recognition systems manufactured by Identix Incorporated (formerly Visionics Corporation). The evaluation follows the methodology proposed in "An Introduction to Evaluating Biometric Systems," by P. J. Phillips, A. Martin, C. L. Wilson and M. Przybocki in IEEE Computer, February 2000, pp. 56-63. This methodology proposes a three-step evaluation protocol: a top-level technology evaluation, followed by a scenario evaluation and an operational evaluation. A technology evaluation was performed via the Facial Recognition Vendor Test 2000 (FRVT 2000) in May/June 2000. Technologies identified as best candidates for this scenario from FRVT 2000 results were chosen for this scenario evaluation. The goal for this evaluation was to assess the overall capabilities of entire systems for two chokepoint scenarios: verification and watch list. Verification is a one-to-one process where a person presents an identity claim and the system determines if the live face image matches the face image stored under that identity within a certain threshold. An example of a verification application is doorway access control. The watch list scenario is a one-to-many process where a person's live face image is compared to each face image in a watch list and an alarm is triggered if a confidence match exceeds a certain threshold. An example of a watch list application is searching for known terrorists passing through an airport metal detector.
United States. Department of Defense
Blackburn, Duane M.; Bone, Mike
2002-11-14
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Preparing for Asymmetry: As Seen Through the Lens of Joint Vision 2020
Since the mid-1990s, the concept of strategic asymmetry has begun to receive serious attention from the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). The 1997 Quadrennial Defense Review, for instance, stated, "U.S. dominance in the conventional military arena may encourage adversaries to use . . . asymmetric means to attack our forces and interests overseas and Americans at home." But while American strategists and defense leaders sense the importance of strategy asymmetry, much analytical work remains to be done before it is fully understood. The author assesses the revisions to Joint Vision 2020, DOD's roadmap to the future, that must be undertaken in order to prepare for asymmetric challenges.
United States. Department of Defense
Applegate, Melissa A.
2001-09
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DARPA Fact File: A Compendium of Darpa Programs
"DARPA's charter is to prevent technological surprise from harming U.S. national security by sponsoring revolutionary and innovative high-payoff research. This document provides short summaries of selected DARPA programs in FY 2002 and FY 2003, and it is intended as a ready reference for those interested in DARPA's research portfolio. To better illustrate the goals of the programs, the programs have been grouped into three broad areas, each
with various sub-areas: National Level Problems, Operational Dominance, High-Risk, High-Payoff Technologies."
United States. Department of Defense
2002-04
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Medical Management of Chemical Casualties Handbook, Third Edition
This handbook provides medical personnel in the field with a concise, pocket-size reference source for the medical management of chemical casualties. It is not intended to be a definitive text on the management of chemical casualties. Chapters address Pulmonary Agents, Cyanide, Vesicants, Nerve Agents, Incapacitating Agents, Riot-Control Agents, Decontamination, Casualty Management, Chemical Defense Equipment, Patient Decontamination, Casualty Receiving Area, Personnel Decontamination Station, Toxicity Data, Physicochemical Data, Medical Equipment Set, Summary Chart, and a Glossary of Terms.
United States. Department of Defense
2000-07
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Secretary White Briefing on Homeland Security
The Secretary of the Army Tom White's briefing on homeland security addresses issues from the Senate Armed Services Committee hearing on October 25, 2001 and includes a question and answer session. Secretary White reiterates the three points from the hearings: The first is to consolidate responsibility for homeland security and the myriad of issues and functions and responsibilities that touch that across the Department of Defense staff into a single organization. The second is to complete a review of the operational planning for homeland security through the Joint Staff -- the chairman, the Joint Staff, and the unified commands, to ensure that the arrangements for homeland security between the various unified commands that touch this, that those arrangements are optimal. The third strategic task is the whole business of interagency in coordination with Governor Ridge's office and all the activities that he is undertaking. Secretary White defines homeland security as having two principle elements. The first is "homeland defense." Defense is defined as those areas where the Department of Defense takes the lead in the activity, like combat air patrols under the command and control of CINC [Commander in Chief] NORAD [North American Aerospace Defense Command]. The second is "civil-support" that covers a wide range of activities from the federal, state, and local levels. The U.S. Guard, for example, is under state, federal, and governor's control.
United States. Department of Defense
2001-10-26
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DoD USS Cole Commission Report
"Since the attack on Khobar Towers in June 1996, the Department of Defense (DoD) has made significant improvements in protecting its service members, mainly in deterring, disrupting and mitigating terrorist attacks on installations. The attack on USS COLE (DDG 67), in the port of Aden, Yemen, on 12 October 2000, demonstrated a seam in the fabric of efforts to protect our forces, namely in-transit forces. The review focuses on finding ways to improve the US policies and practices for deterring, disrupting and mitigating terrorist attack on US forces in transit. In addition, the report includes an unclassified findings and recommendations summary and sections on overseas presence since the end of the Cold War, national level policies and practices, organization, antiterrorism/force protection, intelligence, training, and logistics."
United States. Department of Defense
2001-01-09
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Chemical Terrorism General Guidance (Pocket Guide)
Produced by the Employee Education System for the Office of Public Health and Environmental Hazards, Department of Veterans Affairs. The information in this card is not meant to be complete but to be a quick guide; please consult other references and expert opinion, and check drug dosages, particularly for pregnancy and children. Contains information regarding diagnosis, understanding exposure, confirmation of cases, decontamination considerations, institutional reporting, and public health reporting following a suspected incident of chemical terrorism. Also includes a chart of "Chemical Terrorism Agents and Syndromes."
United States. Department of Defense
2002-04-23
