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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 7535, Quantum Computing Cybersecurity Preparedness Act
From the Document: "Quantum computers use advanced algorithms and subatomic particles to process complex problems significantly faster than traditional computers. While still in the early stages of development, quantum computers could allow malicious actors to decrypt classified information stored on federal networks. H.R. 7535 would require federal agencies to compile inventories of information systems that could be vulnerable to decryption by quantum computers. The bill also would require the Office of Management and Budget to issue guidance to agencies on the adoption of technology that is protected from decryption by quantum computing and to report to the Congress on the effectiveness of its efforts."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-06-07
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 3903, a Bill to Require the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection to Establish Procedures for Conducting Maintenance Projects at Ports of Entry at Which the Office of Field Operations Conducts Certain Enforcement and Facilitation Activities
From the Document: "S. 3903 would direct Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to consult with the General Services Administration (GSA) to establish procedures that would allow CBP to carry out maintenance and repair projects costing less than $300,000 at federally owned ports of entry without direct involvement of the GSA; the cost threshold would be adjusted annually for inflation. The bill also would require CBP to publish those procedures in the Federal Register and to report annually on completed maintenance projects and their costs. Using information from CBP about the cost of establishing the new procedures and publishing similar reports, CBO estimates that implementing the requirements in the bill would cost $1 million over the 2022-2027 period; any spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-06-07
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: Estimated Budgetary Effects of H.R. 7910, the Protecting Our Kids Act
From the Document: "H.R. 7910 would change federal gun laws by creating new federal crimes and expanding federal firearms regulations. Specifically, the bill would: [1] Raise the purchasing age for semiautomatic rifles from 18 to 21; [2] Ban the import, sale, manufacture, transfer, and possession of large-capacity ammunition feeding devices; [3] Establish new federal crimes for gun trafficking and straw purchases; [4] Require gun owners to meet residential gun storage requirements and establish criminal penalties for violating those requirements; [5] Require registration of existing bump-stock-type devices under the National Firearms Act and bar the manufacture, sale, or possession of new bump-stock-type devices for civilian use; and [6] Change the definition of 'ghost gun' and require background checks on all firearm sales[.]"
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-06-07
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 7683, Artificial Intelligence Training for the Acquisition Workforce Act
From the Document: "Artificial Intelligence (AI) allows computer systems to perform tasks that require human intelligence. H.R. 7683 would require the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) to establish a training program to provide federal procurement officials with an introductory understanding of the operational benefits and privacy risks of AI. Using information from OMB and other agencies about current efforts to use AI across the federal government, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] anticipates that OMB would need five full-time employees to create and manage the training program. CBO estimates that staff salaries and technology costs to deliver the training would total $2 million annually. Accounting for the time needed to hire new employees and develop the training, CBO estimates that implementing the bill would cost $10 million over the 2022-2027 period; such spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-06-07
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: Estimated Budgetary Effects of H.R. 7667, the Food and Drug Amendments of 2022 Act
From the Document: "H.R. 7667 would reauthorize the collection and spending of user fees by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for activities related to the approval and marketing of prescription drugs and medical devices. The bill also would amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in part to change processes and procedures for regulating, manufacturing, and marketing certain prescription drugs, medical devices, and other medical products."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-06-06
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 7606, Meat and Poultry Special Investigator Act of 2022
From the Document: "H.R. 7606 would establish the Office of the Special Investigator for Competition Matters within the Department of Agriculture (USDA) to promote competition in the food and agriculture sectors. The bill also would authorize that office to investigate and prosecute violations of the Packers and Stockyards Act of 1921. H.R. 7606 would direct the Secretary of Agriculture to appoint a special investigator to head the new office and to serve as a liaison to the Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission. The special investigator also would consult with the Department of Homeland Security regarding critical infrastructure in the food and agricultural sector. For this estimate, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] assumes that the legislation will be enacted late in fiscal year 2022; thus, any costs in 2022 would not be significant. Using information from the agency, CBO expects that USDA would hire 10 attorneys and other professionals to support the office at a cost of $2 million per year, though costs in 2023 would be lower because it would take time to hire all the staff. CBO estimates that implementing H.R. 7606 would cost $9 million over the 2022-2027 period; any spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds. Because the costs of implementing the bill are subject to future appropriation, CBO did not include the potential effects from behavioral changes (if any) that might result from actions the new office would undertake."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-06-02
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Congressional Budget Office Analysis: Wildfires
From the Document: "The average annual acreage burned by wildfires in the United States has increased over the past 30 years, affecting both federal and nonfederal lands. In this report, the Congressional Budget Office analyzes trends in wildfire activity; considers the effects of wildfires on the federal budget, the environment, people's health, and the economy; and reviews forest-management practices meant to reduce the likelihood and seriousness of fire-related disasters. These are the major findings from the analysis: [1] About 8 million acres, on average, burned each year in wildfires between 2017 and 2021, more than double the average amount from 1987 to 1991. On average, a fire on federal lands is five times the size of one on nonfederal lands. [2] Average annual federal spending on fire suppression totaled $2.5 billion (in 2020 dollars) between 2016 and 2020. Other federal fire-related spending includes disaster assistance (which totaled $5 billion of obligations for disasters declared over those five years) and some indirect costs (such as spending on health care following smoke exposure and the potential loss of revenues from federal timber sales). [3] Environmental, health-related, and economic effects of wildfires are felt most acutely in the immediate area. Smoke and air pollution from wildfires spread widely and can exacerbate many health conditions. Wildfires also tend to have negative effects on watersheds. [4] Managing forests can reduce the risk and severity of wildfires, according to research. Techniques to do so include setting prescribed fires, managing wildfires in remote areas, and mechanically thinning forests to reduce the density of vegetation and different types of fuel in a forest. The cost to implement those strategies varies by landscape and by treatment required."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-06
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 138, Wildland Firefighter Fair Pay Act
From the Document: "S. 138 would exempt wildland firefighters, meteorologists, and incident management teams working in the Forest Service, the Department of the Interior, and the National Weather Service from premium pay limitations for work related to wildfire emergencies conducted in calendar year 2022. That is, the bill would increase the pay those federal employees could receive. S. 138 also would direct the affected agencies to submit a plan to the Congress that addresses the hiring and training of wildland firefighters. For this estimate, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] assumes that the legislation will be enacted near the end of fiscal year 2022. As a result, any additional pay under this bill would be disbursed in fiscal year 2023. Public Law 117-103, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022, increased the pay cap for firefighters within the Forest Service and Department of the Interior for calendar year 2022. Because of the small number of employees that would be affected, CBO estimates that extending the waiver to eligible National Weather Service employees and completing the required plan would have insignificant costs; any spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-05-27
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 2020, Post-Disaster Assistance Online Accountability Act
From the Document: "H.R. 2020 would require the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), to publish information each quarter on federal disaster assistance payments on the website www.usaspending.gov [hyperlink]. The website is an official source of information on spending by the federal government. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] expects that OMB and federal agencies would incur some additional administrative costs to prepare and post timely reports on disaster assistance spending. CBO estimates that work would cost less than $500,000 annually and would total $1 million over the 2023-2027 period."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-05-27
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 7675, a Bill to Amend the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 to Establish an Agricultural and Food System Supply Chain Resilience and Crisis Response Task Force, and for Other Purposes
From the Document: "H.R. 7675 would establish a task force in the Department of Agriculture to evaluate the stability and reliability of the nation's agriculture and food system supply chain. Under the bill, the Secretary of Agriculture would appoint a special advisor to head the task force and consult with the Secretaries of Commerce and Transportation as part of the evaluation. The bill also would require the advisor to report the task force's findings to the Congress and recommend ways to improve the supply chain's safety, security, and resilience. The task force's authority would end on September 30, 2023. Using information about the costs of similar activities, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing the bill would cost less than $500,000; any spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-05-27
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 977, No Oil Producing and Exporting Cartels Act of 2021
From the Document: "S. 977 would seek to prohibit foreign states from working collectively to limit the production, set the price, or otherwise restrain the trading of petroleum and natural gas when such actions affect U.S. markets. The bill would authorize the Department of Justice (DOJ) to enforce the legislation by filing antitrust actions in federal courts. Under the bill, foreign states that restrain trade in petroleum and natural gas would not be immune from the judgment of U.S. courts under the doctrine of sovereign immunity. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] has no basis to predict whether DOJ would initiate antitrust actions against foreign states under the bill. The cost of investigating alleged antitrust violations like those that might be brought under S. 977 could cost millions of dollars per year, subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-05-24
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 2685, Understanding Cybersecurity of Mobile Networks Act
From the Document: "H.R. 2685 would authorize the appropriation of $500,000 for the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) to report on the cybersecurity of mobile service networks to the Congress within one year of enactment. Under the act, the NTIA would be required to consult related agencies and include assessments of mobile service provider cybersecurity vulnerabilities in the report, among other requirements. Based on spending patterns for similar activities, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing H.R. 2685 would cost less than $500,000 over the 2022-2027 period, assuming appropriation of the authorized amount."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-05-20
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CBO Estimate for H.R. 7790, the Infant Formula Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022, as Introduced on May 17, 2022
This Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimate provides discretionary spending estimates for H.R. 7790, Infant Formula Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022. From the Document: "H.R. 7790 would provide supplemental funding for fiscal year 2022 for the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to address the current shortage of FDA-regulated infant formula and medical foods in the United States. The legislation would designate that funding as an emergency requirement in keeping with section 4001(a)(1) and section 4001(b) of S. Con. Res. 14 (117th Congress), the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2022."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-05-18
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 2135, Identifying and Eliminating Wasteful Programs Act
From the Document: "S. 2135 would require the Office of Management and Budget to provide guidance to federal agencies for identifying programs and activities for elimination or consolidation, within the current budget process. The federal government currently reviews different ways to reduce, eliminate, or manage the overlap and duplication within its agencies. Because of that ongoing activity, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] expects that implementing the bill would not significantly increase or reduce federal spending over the 2022-2027 period. Additionally, CBO estimates that the administrative costs to implement the bill would be less than $500,000 over the same period. Any effect on spending would be subject to future appropriation action."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-05-17
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 3462, SBA Cyber Awareness Act [May 17, 2022]
From the Document: "H.R. 3462 would require the Small Business Administration (SBA) to report annually to the Congress on the state of its information technology (IT) and cybersecurity systems, the methods it could use to improve cybersecurity, any of its IT equipment or systems that were produced by an entity doing business principally in China, and any recent cybersecurity risks or incidents and subsequent responses. The act also would require the SBA to report all cybersecurity risks or incidents to the Congress as they occur and to notify the affected individuals and small businesses. Under current law, the SBA is required to submit an annual performance report to the Congress that includes information concerning agency cybersecurity efforts. In addition, the Federal Information Security Modernization Act of 2014 requires federal agencies, including the SBA, to report on the effectiveness of their information security policies and practices each year. Although H.R. 3462 would impose new reporting requirements upon the SBA, the work required to fulfill most of those requirements would not be significant because the SBA already collects most of the information needed in those reports."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-05-17
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 2429, Administrative False Claims Act of 2021
From the Bill Summary: "The Program Fraud and Civil Remedies Act (PFCRA) allows federal agencies to use administrative procedures to pursue cases against individuals and entities that are suspected of making false claims and statements against the government that lead to fraud of up to $150,000. Individuals and entities that are found to have violated federal fraud statutes are subject to civil penalties of $5,000 (adjusted yearly for inflation) and up to double the assessed value of the fraud. S. 2429 would amend PFCRA in several ways: by raising the maximum amount of fraud that agencies can pursue under the statute to $1 million (adjusted in future years for inflation), allowing agencies to recover costs from the penalties collected, and reducing the administrative burden for agencies that pursue PFCRA cases."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-05-17
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 3470, End Human Trafficking in Government Contracts Act of 2022
From the Document: "Under S. 3470, any federal agency receiving a substantiated claim that a grant or contract recipient is engaging in human trafficking would be required to refer the matter to the agency's suspension and debarment official. Under current law, such a referral is optional. The head of the contracting agency would have the authority to impose various sanctions, including terminating the contract. The bill also would require the Director of the Office of Management and Budget to report on efforts to end human trafficking in government contracting. [...] CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that the cost of meeting the bill's reporting requirements would be less than $500,000 over the 2022-2027 period."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-05-16
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 407, Air America Act of 2022
From the Document: "S. 407 would establish the service of certain former employees of Air America as creditable toward a federal civil service retirement annuity under the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS). The bill also would allow surviving spouses or children of those employees to apply for survivor benefits. [...] CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that enacting S. 407 would not increase on-budget deficits by more than $5 billion in any of the four consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2032."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-05-13
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 7335, MST Claims Coordination
From the Document: "H.R. 7335 would require the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to provide veterans who have applied for disability compensation for conditions related to military sexual trauma with information about the Veterans Crisis Line, mental health counseling, and other services that are available from the department. The bill also would require the Veterans Benefits Administration to automatically notify the Veterans Health Administration when veterans who have filed such claims receive medical exams for evaluating disability claims or have hearings before the Board of Veterans Appeals. That requirement would apply to veterans who are enrolled in the VA health care system. VA currently provides the required information to veterans. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] expects that the department would have to make minor updates to its information systems to provide the automatic intradepartmental notifications. Based on similar information technology efforts, CBO estimates satisfying that requirement would cost $1 million over the 2022-2027 period; such spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-05-13
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 2483, Improving Cybersecurity of Small Businesses, Nonprofits, and Local Governments Act of 2021
From the Document: "S. 2483 would require the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) to offer cybersecurity training to employees of small businesses. The bill also would require CISA and the Small Business Administration to provide the Congress with recommendations for ways to reduce cyber vulnerabilities in the information networks of small businesses. Using information from CISA, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] anticipates that the agency would need five full-time employees to create and manage the new training program. CBO estimates that costs for staff salaries and website development would total $2 million annually. Accounting for the time needed to hire new employees and develop the training, CBO estimates that implementing the bill would cost $10 million over the 2022-2027 period; such spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-05-13
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 312, COVID-19 Safer Detention Act of 2021
From the Document: "'The bill would'[:] [1] Allow federal prisoners sentenced before November 1, 1987, to apply for compassionate release[;] [and 2] Shorten certain elderly prisoners' sentences by applying credits for good conduct time to eligibility for early release[.] 'Estimated budgetary effects would mainly stem from'[:] [1] Reductions in discretionary spending by the federal Bureau of Prisons because some prisoners would be released earlier than under current law[;] [and 2] Increases in direct spending for health care, Social Security, and other federal benefits[.] 'Areas of significant uncertainty include'[:] [1] Projecting the number of elderly incarcerated prisoners and the number who would be eligible for release from prison[;] [2] Projecting whether prisoners would be confined in residential reentry centers or at home, and the difference in costs between those options compared with confinement in federal prisons[;] [and 3] Estimating the number of offenders released under the act who would receive federal benefits[.]"
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-05-12
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 120, Safe Connections Act of 2022
From the Document: "'The act would'[:] [1] Require the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to issue rules to allow a domestic violence survivor to freely disconnect from a service contract shared with their abuser[;] [and 2] Impose mandates by requiring mobile service providers to offer a separate line on a shared phone contract for domestic violence survivors[.] 'Estimated budgetary effects would mainly stem from'[:] [1] Spending subject to appropriation for the FCC to issue rules and complete an evaluation[;] [and 2] Changes in direct spending and revenues by permitting domestic violence survivors to qualify for the Lifeline program[.]"
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-05-12
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Challenges of Adapting DoD's Acquisition Portfolio to a New Defense Strategy [presentation]
From the Document: "If the Department of Defense (DoD) made major changes in strategy, history suggests that two types of challenges could be faced: 'Funding-based challenges': Funding could be needed to develop and procure weapons befitting the new strategy; funding would also be needed to ensure that today's force continues to have the weapons it needs to meet immediate missions. 'Knowledge-based challenges': Information would be needed to determine what new weapons to pursue and learn how to build them."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-05-12
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CBO Estimate for H.R. 7691, Additional Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022
From the Document: "H.R. 7691 would provide supplemental appropriations for fiscal year 2022 to respond to the situation in Ukraine and to provide humanitarian and other assistance for Ukraine and other affected countries. The legislation would designate those amounts as emergency requirements in keeping with section 4001(a)(1) and section 4001(b) of S. Con. Res. 14 (117th Congress), the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2022."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-05-11
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 1546, Combating Online Wildlife Trafficking Act of 2021
From the Document: "The authorization for the Presidential Task Force on Wildlife Trafficking expired on October 7, 2021. H.R. 1546 would renew the authorization through October 7, 2026. However, the task force continued to operate and fulfill ongoing responsibilities under an Executive Order for combating wildlife trafficking; therefore, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that extending its authorization would not affect the federal budget."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-05-09
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CBO's Estimate of the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Effects of S. 4119, the RECA Extension Act of 2022, as Passed by the Senate on April 28, 2022
From the Document: "The Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010 establishes budget-reporting and enforcement procedures for legislation affecting direct spending or revenues. The net changes in outlays that are subject to those procedures are shown here. The Radiation Exposure Compensation Program provides lump-sum cash compensation to people who participated in or lived downwind of certain atmospheric nuclear tests or who worked in the uranium industry if they contracted specified diseases. Those payments are made from mandatory appropriations. Under current law, the program expires on July 10, 2022. The RECA [Radiation Exposure Compensation Act] Extension Act of 2022 would extend the program's authorization for two years. For this estimate, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] assumes that claims filed before the program terminates would be paid even if they were not adjudicated by the termination date."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-05-09
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Analyzing How the Effects of Federal Policies May Differ by Race and Ethnicity
From the Document: "Many Members have asked whether the Congressional Budget Office [CBO] can provide information on how the effects of federal policies differ by race and ethnicity. This letter updates you regarding the agency's efforts to increase its capacity to analyze how budgetary and economic conditions or developments may affect various demographic groups (including groups based on race and ethnicity) differently. Over the past few years, CBO has examined different outcomes among demographic groups in a number of contexts. For example, in July 2020, CBO described the race and ethnicity, sex, age, education, and household earnings of the 19 million people who were expected to receive regular unemployment benefits in that month. More recently, CBO examined the effects of the pandemic on the employment of men and women of different races and ethnicities. Those types of analyses can be challenging to produce because of limitations in the data. In response to Congressional interest in how policies affect people in different groups, CBO is seeking to enhance its capabilities, building on its earlier work and existing models. For example, CBO may use methods to statistically combine detailed income tax data from tax returns with survey data, and it has proposed to the Census Bureau a project to evaluate the accuracy of such statistically matched data. This letter provides more detail on the challenges regarding data availability and describes CBO's ongoing efforts to increase the agency's capacity to analyze budgetary and economic outcomes for various demographic groups."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
Swagel, Phillip
2022-05-06
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 2326, Veterans' Cyber Risk Assessment Act
From the Document: "H.R. 2326 would require the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to conduct an outreach campaign to educate veterans about cybersecurity risks, such as disinformation, identity theft, scams, or fraud perpetuated through the Internet. VA would be required to provide information on how veterans may report cybersecurity risks to law enforcement and establish a website that includes information for veterans on such risks. The department also would be required to report on the progress of the campaign within 60 days of enactment. Based on the cost of similar outreach campaigns, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates the requirement would cost less than $500,000."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-05-06
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 3904, Healthcare Cybersecurity Act of 2022
From the Document: "S. 3904 would require the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) to provide cybersecurity threat information and training to health care providers in coordination with the Department of Health and Human Services. The bill also would require CISA to report to the Congress on the effectiveness of its efforts. Under current law, CISA currently employs 32 analysts to provide training to and share information with eight critical infrastructure sectors. Using information from CISA, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] expects that the agency would need four additional analysts to expand its support to the health care sector."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-05-06
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 3491, Commission on Reform and Modernization of the Department of State Act
From the Document: "S. 3491 would authorize the appropriation of $2 million in 2022 to establish a new legislative branch commission. The commission, comprising eight members chosen by the Congress, would have 18 months to examine the challenges of modern-day diplomacy and report to the President and the Congress on its findings. It also would make recommendations on ways to improve the operations and management of the Department of State. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing the bill would cost less than $500,000 in 2022 and a total of $2 million over the 2022-2026 period, subject to the appropriation of the specified amounts."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-05-06
