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U.S. Role and Strategy in the Middle East: Syria, Iraq, and the Fight Against ISIS, Hearing Before the Full Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, First Session, September 16, 2015
This is a testimony compilation of the September 16, 2015 hearing "The U.S. Role and Strategy in the Middle East: Syria, Iraq, and the Fight Against ISIS," held before the Full Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. From the testimony of Dr. Kimberly Kagan: "The United States faces national security challenges in 2015 of a scope and scale that we have not encountered since the end of the Cold War. The Islamic State in Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS) has seized control of terrain in Iraq and Syria, declared itself a caliphate, and aims not only to reify that claim but also to provoke an apocalyptic war with the West. ISIS is challenging al-Qaeda, the terrorist organization from which it sprung, as the leader of the global jihadist movement. Russia, a nuclear power, is waging a crypto-war in Ukraine and is using its military capabilities to intimidate NATO. The United States and Iran have signed a nuclear deal that will relieve sanctions in ways that will likely increase Iran's malign behavior in the Middle East, which already includes the use of proxy military forces to undermine U.S. allies. China is laying claim to areas in the South China Sea and is using its increasing military might to enforce those claims. The threat to the United States in 2015 includes not only states and transnational organizations that have the intent and capability to harm America. The U.S. also faces a threat from the growing global disorder that its enemies and adversaries are exploiting. The Islamic State, for example, is pursuing a strategy that both breaks strong states and preys upon power vacuums in failed states. It has worked to provoke and expand a Sunni-Shia sectarian war since its origins as al-Qaeda in Iraq in 2004. That sectarian war is now engulfing the region and spreading around the world." Statements, letters, and other materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Kimberly Kagan, Brian Katulis, and Michael Bowers.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations
2015-09-16
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U.S. Role and Strategy in the Middle East: Yemen and the Countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council, Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, First Session, October 6, 2015
This is a testimony compilation of the October 6, 2015 hearing "U.S. Role and Strategy in the Middle East: Yemen and the Countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council" held before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. From the testimony of Mary Beth Long: "Chairman Corker, Ranking Member Cardin, and Members of the Committee, thank you for inviting me to testify today. I am honored to be here to speak about the U.S. role and strategy in the Arabian Peninsula, particularly Yemen. While Yemen looks better now than it did a few months ago, we are -- at best -- looking at a stalemate that does not appear to lead to a political resolution anytime soon. Make no mistake: Yemen is not a model for U.S. counterterrorism efforts, as asserted by the White House spokesman in March of this year. Washington must provide a clear expression of U.S. interests, clarify our policies to our allies and our enemies, and follow through with timely and decisive action. The primary U.S. concern in Yemen is that Iran is using the conflict there to increase its power in the region. Washington must help contain Iran and its regional meddling, which counters U.S. interests. The U.S. should also be concerned about Iran and Russia working together in Yemen and the broader Middle East. At this time, we do not understand their strategy or respective roles in what appear to be a division of labor. Washington must also recognize that Yemeni territory and islands are critical to U.S. interests. In particular, the global 'chokepoint' at the Bab el - Mandab ('Gate of Grief') is the gateway to virtually all Suez Canal traffic. Finally, it is important to note that the threat posed by terrorists and extremists in Yemen is likely a far greater risk to the U.S. and its Gulf allies than ISIS [Islamic State of Iraq and Syria] currently appears to be." Statements, letters, and other materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Anne Patterson and John R. Allen
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations
2015-10-06
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Recent Iranian Actions and Implementation of the Nuclear Deal, Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, Second Session, April 5, 2016
This is a testimony compilation of the April 5, 2016 hearing on "Recent Iranian Actions and Implementation of the Nuclear Deal" held before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. From the statement of Thomas A. Shannon: "While we are encouraged by Iran's adherence to its nuclear commitments thus far, I assure you that the Administration shares your concerns about the government of Iran's actions beyond the nuclear issue, including its destabilizing activities in the Middle East and its human rights abuses at home. Iran's support for terrorist groups like Hizballah, its assistance to the Asad regime in Syria and the Houthi rebels in Yemen, and its ballistic missile program are at odds with U.S. interests, and pose fundamental threats to the region and beyond." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Thomas A. Shannon.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations
2016-04-05
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Middle East After the JCPOA, Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, Second Session, January 20, 2016
This testimony compilation is from the January 20, 2016 hearing "Middle East After the JCPOA [Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action]" before the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. From the statement of Michael Singh: "Chairman Corker, Ranking Member Cardin, and members of the committee, thank you for this opportunity to again appear before you and discuss the implementation thus far of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and its implications for the Middle East and for American policy. The next president will inherit a flawed nuclear agreement with Iran. The JCPOA enshrines Iran's status as a nuclear threshold state, leaving it with the key fuel fabrication, weaponization, and missile capabilities it would require in the future to develop a nuclear weapon. It fails to address the missile issue entirely, and does not touch upon Iran's support for terrorism or its destabilizing regional activities. Yet it provides Iran broad relief from economic sanctions, tens of billions of dollars in unfrozen assets, and invites it to come in from the diplomatic cold. In a broad sense, whether one feels that the JCPOA was worthwhile or not comes down to the question of whether we have averted a crisis or merely deferred one. Advocates of the deal must hope that the next ten to fifteen years will witness changes in Iran and its relations with the United States and neighbors that rid it of its nuclear weapons ambitions. Skeptics, on the other hand, believe that we have purchased a pause, and an incomplete one at that, at a high price. Regardless of which view one adopts, however, the policy upshot is the same -- we must use the coming years to our advantage, ensuring that when the JCPOA expires or unravels, we and our allies are well-positioned to deal with the consequences." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Michael Singh and Brian Katulis.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations
2016-01-20
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View from Congress: U.S. Policy on Iran, Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, First Session, March 28, 2017
This testimony compilation made by the HSDL staff is from the March 28, 2017 hearing, "View from Congress: U.S. Policy on Iran," before the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. The purpose of this hearing was to discuss U.S. policy on Iran, including Iran's regional status, the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), and Iran's relationship with the United States. Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Michael Singh and Martin S. Indyk.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations
2017-03-28
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U.S.-India Relations: Balancing Progress and Managing Expectations, Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, Second Session, May 24, 2016
This is a testimony compilation of the May 24, 2016 hearing, "U.S.-India: Balancing Progress and Managing Expectations," held before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. From the statement of Nisha Desai Biswal: "The strategic partnership between the United States and India is anchored on the premise that our two democratic, pluralistic, and secular societies share not only many of the same attributes but also many of the same aspirations. It is that premise which has led President Obama to characterize the relationship as a defining partnership of the 21st century. India is the world's largest democracy, Asia's fastest-growing major economy, and soon-to-be the most populous nation on Earth. How India grows its economy, evolves its strategic doctrine, asserts its interests and values, and projects its growing economic, military, and political power will have important consequences not just for 1.25 billion Indian citizens, but increasingly for the rest of the planet. That is why the U.S.-India partnership is of such extraordinary importance for the United States and one that will, I believe, shape the future of geo-politics and--economics in the 21st century. [...] The impressive bilateral architecture of the U.S.--India partnership reflects the investment both countries have made in building ties between our people, our industries, our governments, and our security establishments. It has created a platform for an unprecedented level of cooperation meant to grow our respective economies and make our citizens more secure. India represents a key part of the Administration's Asia policy. To be sure, India's Act East strategy and the U.S. Rebalance to Asia are complementary and mutually reinforcing, promising to bring greater security and prosperity to the Indo-Pacific region." Statements, letters, and other materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Nisha Desai Biswal, Sadanand Dhume, and Alyssa Ayres.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations
2016-05-24
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Iraq After Mosul, Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, First Session, February 28, 2017
This testimony compilation made by the HSDL staff is from the February 28, 2017 hearing, "Iraq After Mosul," before the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. The purpose of this hearing was to discuss the state of affairs in Iraq in light of the current campaign against the Islamic State in Mosul. Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Michael Knights and Hardin Lang.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations
2017-02-28
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Changing Landscape of U.S.-China Relations: What's Next? Hearing Before the Committee on the Foreign Relations, Subcommittee on East Asia, the Pacific, and International Cybersecurity Policy, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, First Session, September 29, 2015
This is a testimony compilation of the September 29, 2015 hearing "Changing Landscape of U.S.-China Relations: What's Next?" held before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. From the opening statement of subcommittee chairman Cory Gardner: "First and foremost, we must enhance the capabilities of like-minded partners in the region with regard to maritime security, starting with the effort recently announced by Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter called the 'Southeast Asia Maritime Security Initiative'. And we should never miss an opportunity to reiterate our policy, as stated by Secretary Carter at the Shangri-La Dialogue in Singapore on May 30, 2015: 'The United States will fly, sail, and operate wherever international law allows, as U.S. forces do all over the world. America, alongside its allies and partners in the regional architecture, will not be deterred from exercising these rights -- the rights of all nations.' China's behavior in cyberspace has also emerged as a serious threat to U.S national and economic security. Regrettably, well-documented state-sponsored or state-endorsed Chinese activities have not been met with an appropriate response from the United States. Although last year, the Administration announced criminal charges against 5 officials of the People's Liberation Army, clearly that has not been enough to deter further bad behavior from Beijing." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Christopher Johnson and Melanie Hart.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations
2015-09-29
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Financial Crisis in Greece--Implications and Lessons Learned, Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, Subcommittee on Europe and Regional Security Cooperation, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, First Session, July 29, 2015
This is a testimony compilation of the July 29, 2015 hearing "Financial Crisis in Greece--Implications and Lessons Learned" held before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. From the testimony of Dr. John B. Taylor: "The Greek economy has been performing terribly by any measure. The economy has shrunk, with real GDP [gross domestic product] falling by an average of -5% per year for the past five years, and over the longer term economic growth has been very low. Since Greece joined the European Union in 1981 real GDP growth has averaged only 0.9% per year and productivity growth (on a total factor basis) has averaged only 0.1% per year. Looking back in time, there are three key factors that have led to this situation, and all provide lessons for the United States: First, Greece's economic policies--regulatory, rule of law, budget, tax--have been very poor, as has been documented by many observers. According to the Heritage Foundation's index of economic freedom, Greece ranks 130 among the countries of the world, the worst policy performance in Europe and on a par with many poor sub-Saharan African countries. According the World Bank's Doing Business indicator, Greece ranks 61, which is well below Portugal, Italy, Spain, Ireland, Germany, and France; and on two important pro-growth measures in the World Bank's Doing Business indicator it ranks 155 on enforcing contracts and 116 on registering property. And, by yet another measure, the Fraser Institute's Index of Economic Freedom, Greece ranks 84 in the world." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: John B. Taylor and Robert Khan.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations
2015-07-29
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S. Hrg. 113-460: Future of U.S.-China Relations, Hearing Before the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, Second Session, June 25, 2014
This is from the June 25, 2014 hearing on "The Future of US-China Relations" held before the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. From the opening statement of Robert Menendez: "There is no question that one of our biggest foreign policy challenges is getting the relationship between the United States and China -- and the rebalance to the Asia- Pacific -- right. Today's hearing exploring the U.S.-China relationship, and coming -- as it does -- just in advance of next month's U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue, allows us to reflect on other issues -- beyond the Middle East -- that will also shape the 21st century. China is soon to become the world's largest economy, whether measured in Purchasing Price Parity or raw GDP [Gross Domestic Product]. Consider that more concrete has been poured in China in the past handful of years than in all the United States during the 20th century. Eight of the world's twelve largest container ports are in China. China is on the move, but -- the question is -- on the move to what? Will China become a trade partner committed to the enforcement of international law? Or will we see 19th century mercantilist behavior and the flouting of international norms?" Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Daniel R. Russell, J. Stapleton Roy, and Aaron L. Friedberg.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations
2014-06-25
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European Union as a Partner Against Russian Aggression: Sanctions, Security, Democratic Institutions and the Way Forward, Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, First Session, April 4, 2017
This is a testimony compilation of the April 4, 2017 hearing on "European Union as a Partner Against Russian Aggression: Sanctions, Security, Democratic Institutions and the Way Forward" held before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. From the statement of David O'Sullivan: "The European Union and the United States, along with others in the international community, have taken a principled position against the illegal annexation of the Crimean peninsula, which we do not recognise, and against Russia's actions in eastern Ukraine. We have adopted a package of restrictive measures that we have agreed to maintain till the full implementation of the Minsk agreement. Close transatlantic coordination has been crucial for the effectiveness of these targeted measures." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: David O'Sullivan, Kurt Volker, and Daniel Baer.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations
2017-04-04
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Senate Resolution 116: Condemning the Assad Regime for Its Continued Use of Chemical Weapons Against the Syrian People, United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, 115th Congress, First Session, April 4, 2017
"[T]he Senate (1) holds the Assad regime responsible for war crimes and crimes against humanity, including its confirmed use of chemical weapons; (2) condemns Russia and China for repeatedly blocking collective response to Bashar al-Assad's confirmed use of chemical weapons through the United Nations Security Council; (3) calls on the United Nations Security Council to take immediate, decisive action in response to the Assad regime's continued use of chemical weapons; (4) supports the critical work of the United Nations Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons Joint Investigative Mechanism; (5) expresses alarm that the continued use of chemical weapons by the Assad regime undermines the integrity of the Chemical Weapons Convention; (6) reiterates that Bashar al-Assad has lost legitimacy as Syria's leader; and (7) insists that Bashar al-Assad must be held accountable for his war crimes and crimes against humanity."
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations
2017-04-04
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Global Forced Migration: The Political Crisis of Our Time
From the Executive Summary: "The United States can and must lead a new global effort to address the global forced migration crisis. Current trends, including the challenge of climate change, will force more people to flee their homes, be on the move, and live in displacement. As the number of those forcibly displaced continues to balloon, the need for innovative and comprehensive international responses is imperative. Under the Trump administration, the United States has responded to the forced migration crisis with fear and regressive policies. In order to mitigate global instability and regain our standing as a nation committed to principled leadership in the world, the United States must reverse course and lead the charge in securing international cooperation and new solutions for today's forced migrants. How the United States chooses to respond to these events will define the world we will live in, and the role the United States plays in it."
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations
2020-06-18
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New Big Brother: China and Digital Authoritarianism
From the Letter of Transmittal: "The report's comprehensive analysis of China's digital authoritarianism describes how the People's Republic of China is successfully developing and implementing its malign governance model internally and, increasingly, making inroads with other countries to also embrace its new digital doctrine. It further illustrates how the expansion of digital authoritarianism in China and abroad has drastic consequences for U.S. and allied security interests, the promotion of human rights, and the future stability of cyberspace. Consequently, the report calls for a series of both Congressional and Executive actions designed to counter China's efforts to expand its model of digital authoritarianism; to strengthen U.S. technological innovation; and, to reinvigorate our diplomatic endeavors around the globe on digital issues."
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations
2020-07-21
