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Correctional Populations in the United States, 2015
"At yearend 2015, an estimated 6,741,400 persons were under the supervision of U.S. adult correctional systems, about 115,600 fewer persons than yearend 2014. This was the first time since 2002 (6,730,900) that the correctional population fell below 6.8 million. The population declined by 1.7% during 2015, which was the largest decline since 2010 (down 2.1%). Additionally, the decrease was a change from a 3-year trend of stable annual rate declines of about 0.6% between 2012 and 2014. About 1 in 37 adults in the United States was under some form of correctional supervision at the end of 2015. This was the lowest rate observed since 1994, when about 1 in 38 adults (1.6 million fewer persons) were under correctional supervision in the nation. This report summarizes data from several Bureau of Justice Statistics' (BJS) correctional population supervised by adult correctional systems in the United States. These systems include persons living in the community while supervised by probation or parole agencies and those under the jurisdiction of state or federal prisons or in the custody of local jails."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Kaeble, Danielle; Glaze, Lauren E.
2016-12
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Tribal Crime Data Collection Activities, 2016
This report "describes Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) activities to collect and improve data on crime and justice in Indian country, as required by the Tribal Law and Order Act, 2010. The report summarizes BJS's efforts in 2016 to develop, design, and implement a new statistical data collection program to gather information from tribal law enforcement agencies in the lower 48 states, Village Public Safety Officers in Alaska, and BIA [Bureau of Indian Affairs] agencies; design and implement two data collections on the activities state and local law enforcement agencies and prosecutors' offices serving tribal lands; complete the data collection for the first census of tribal courts in the United States; study the handling of American Indian and Alaska Native criminal cases in the federal criminal justice system; and enhance current funding programs to support tribal participation in state, regional, and national criminal justice databases."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Perry, Steven W.
2016-07
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Jails in Indian Country, 2015
"An estimated 2,510 inmates were confined in 76 Indian country jails at midyear 2015, a 5.5% increase from the 2,380 inmates confined in 79 facilities at midyear 2014 (figure 1). The average number of inmates per operating facility increased from 30 inmates in 2014 to 33 inmates in 2015. At midyear 2015, the jail facilities in Indian country were rated to hold an estimated 3,800 inmates, up from 3,720 in 2014. In 2015, approximately 1,200 jail operations staff were employed to supervise the confined inmates, similar to the 1,230 jail operations staff at midyear 2014."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Minton, Todd D.
2016-11
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State-Administered Indigent Defense Systems, 2013
"2013, 28 states and the District of Columbia had state-administered indigent defense programs for the delivery of criminal defense services. State-administered indigent defense systems were either completely funded and administered by the state, or were funded by the state and county but administered by the state. In most states, one central office managed the delivery of all methods of state-administered indigent defense. Alaska, Colorado, the District of Columbia, and Rhode Island had two offices that administered indigent defense. Twenty-two states and the District of Columbia used multiple delivery methods to provide indigent defense and six states used one delivery method . In 25 states and the District of Columbia public defenders were government employees. By law, states must provide legal defense to those who were charged with a criminal offense involving a possible loss of liberty and who were unable to afford an attorney. Many states authorized some form of cost recovery for providing legal defense to indigent clients. Some states charged an application fee prior to providing legal representation, while other states charged recoupment, where a client pays all or a portion of the costs associated with legal representation or support services. [...]The Bureau of Justice Statistics' (BJS) 2013 National Survey of Indigent Defense Systems (NSIDS) was the first census of all state- and county-administered indigent defense systems."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Strong, Suzanne M.
2016-11
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Capital Punishment, 2014-2015
"This report provides information on persons under sentence of death on December 31, 2014, and December 31, 2015. It includes summary trends on the population of inmates under sentence of death, admissions and releases from death row, and the number of persons executed. Also, it includes advance counts on executions in 2016."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Snell, Tracy L.
2017-05
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Police-Public Contact Survey: Assessment and Recommendations for Producing Trend Estimates after 2011 Questionnaire Redesign
From the Abstract: "This research and development paper describes changes to the 2011 Police-Public Contact Survey (PPCS), a supplement to the national Crime Victimization Survey, and their impact on estimating trends. It details how the PPCS was redesigned in 2011 to better capture police-public contacts and characteristics of these encounters. A split-sample design was used to assess the extent to which apparent changes in rates, outcomes, and perceptions of contacts with police are a product of changes to the survey rather than actual changes in the rates over time. The report also discusses the adjustment factors that were created to allow for the examination of trends between 2002 and 2011."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Berzofsky, Marcus; Ewing, Glynis; DeMichele, Matthew . . .
2017-04
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State Progress in Record Reporting for Firearm-Related Background Checks: Unlawful Drug Users
"This is the sixth in a series of BJS [Bureau of Justice Statistics] grant-funded reports on firearm-related background checks. Under the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act, being an unlawful user or addicted to a controlled substance prohibits a person from receiving firearms. The report describes how firearm-related background checks relate to unlawful drug users and their records that prohibit purchasing or possessing firearms on various national and state systems. This report provides an overview of drug offenses and indicators that determine if a person is prohibited from purchasing or possessing a firearm. It also describes the challenges to identifying and providing relevant records, including strategies some states use to improve reporting."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Goggins, Becki; Strickland, Shauna
2017-07
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Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report: Race and Hispanic Origin of Victims and Offenders, 2012-15
From the report: "During the 4-year aggregated period from 2012 to 2015, half (51%) of violent victimizations were intraracial--that is both victims and offenders were the same race or both were of Hispanic origin [...]. During 2012-15, the percentage of intraracial victimization was higher than the percentage of interracial victimization for all types of violent crime except robbery. There was no statistically significant difference between the percentages of intraracial and interracial robbery victimization during this period. This report uses data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics' (BJS) National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) to examine the race and Hispanic origin of victims age 12 or older and offenders of violent victimizations."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Morgan, Rachel E.
2017-10
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State and Local White Collar Crime Program: State Regulatory Agency Statutes for Selected Offenses (Volume I)
"Examine how all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and five U.S. territories handled regulatory functions in four regulatory categories: banking and finance, environmental, worker safety, and Medicaid fraud. Volume I includes a series of tables for each state and territory's legislation pertaining to the regulation of those four areas and compares each under the administrative, civil, and criminal categories of enforcement. Volume II gives a general overview of each state and describes the state statutes codified in the four areas. Findings were based on an online review of state legislation, as part of the 2014 State and Local White Collar Crime Program."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Desiltes, Christian
2017-07
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State and Local White Collar Crime Program: State Regulatory Agency Statutes for Selected Offenses (Volume II)
"Examine how all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and five U.S. territories handled regulatory functions in four regulatory categories: banking and finance, environmental, worker safety, and Medicaid fraud. Volume I includes a series of tables for each state and territory's legislation pertaining to the regulation of those four areas and compares each under the administrative, civil, and criminal categories of enforcement. Volume II gives a general overview of each state and describes the state statutes codified in the four areas. Findings were based on an online review of state legislation, as part of the 2014 State and Local White Collar Crime Program."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Desiltes, Christian
2017-07
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Police Response to Domestic Violence, 2006-2015
"An average of 1.3 million nonfatal domestic violence victimizations occurred annually in the United States during the 10-year aggregate period from 2006 to 2015. Police were notified of more than half (56%) of these victimizations (figure 1). When police responded to the scene, they took a report 78% of the time. The victim or other household member signed a criminal complaint against the offender in about half (48%) of victimizations reported to police. The offender was arrested or charges were filed in 39% of reported victimizations, either during the initial response or during the follow-up period. This report primarily uses data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) for the 10-year aggregate period 2006-15 to examine the reporting of nonfatal domestic violence victimizations to police and police
response to these victimizations."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Reaves, Brian (Brian A.)
2017-05
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National Crime Victimization Survey: Criminal Victimization, 2007
"In 2007 U.S. residents experienced an estimated 23 million violent and property victimizations, according to the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). Criminal victimizations in 2007 included approximately 5.2 million violent crimes and 17.5 million property crimes. The rates for every major violent and property crime measured by the NCVS in 2007 were at or near the lowest levels recorded since 1973, the first year that such data were available. The overall victimization rate in 2007 for violent crimes was 20.7 per 1,000 persons, which was not significantly different from the 2005 rate of 21.1 per 1,000 persons (table 1). For property crimes, the overall rate of 146.5 per 1,000 households in 2007 was somewhat lower than the rate of 154.2 per 1,000 households in 2005. As in previous years, about half of the violent crimes and almost two-thirds of the property crimes measured by the NCVS in 2007 were not reported to police."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Rand, Michael R.
2008-12
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National Crime Victimization Survey: Criminal Victimization, 2006
"NCVS [National Crime Victimization Survey] estimates based on new methods Violent and property crime rates in urban and suburban areas of the United States remained stable between 2005 and 2006, according to findings from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). Due to changes in survey methodology in 2006 that mainly affected rural areas, national-level estimates were not comparable to estimates based on NCVS data from previous years. Continuity between urban and suburban areas in the sample for both years enabled year-to-year comparisons for these areas. [...] The U.S. Census Bureau, the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), and a panel of outside experts extensively reviewed the 2006 NCVS data and determined that there was a break in series between 2006 and previous years that prevented annual comparison of criminal victimization at the national level. This was mainly the result of three major changes in the survey methodology [1] introducing a new sample to account for shifts in population and location of households that occur over time [2] incorporating responses from households that were in the survey for the first time [3] using computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI)."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Rand, Michael R.; Catalano, Shannan
2007-12
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National Crime Victimization Survey: Criminal Victimization, 2003
"In 2003 U.S. residents age 12 or older experienced an estimated 24.2 million violent and property victimizations, according to the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). (See Survey methodology, page 11.) These criminal victimizations included an estimated 18.6 million property crimes (burglary, motor vehicle theft, and theft), 5.4 million violent crimes (rape, sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault, and simple assault), and 185,000 personal thefts (pocket picking and purse snatching). Except for rape/sexual assault, which showed a marginal decline, 2003 victimization rates for every major type of crime measured were unchanged from their 2002 levels. However, for every major category of crime except rape/sexual assault, burglary, and motor vehicle theft, aggregated rates for the period 2002-03 were lower than those for 2001-02."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Catalano, Shannan
2004-09
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National Crime Victimization Survey: Criminal Victimization, 2002
"In 2002 U.S. residents age 12 or older experienced about 23.0 million violent and property victimizations, according to the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). These criminal victimizations included an estimated 17.5 million property crimes (burglary, motor vehicle theft, and theft), 5.3 million violent crimes (rape, sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault, and simple assault), and 155,000 personal thefts (pocket picking and purse snatching). The 23.0 million criminal victimizations in 2002 continued a downward trend that began in 1994. Criminal victimization estimates are the lowest since the 1973 estimate of 44 million victimizations when the NCVS began."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Rand, Michael R.; Rennison, Callie Marie
2003-08
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National Crime Victimization Survey: Criminal Victimization, 2012
"In 2012, for the second consecutive year, violent and property crime rates increased for U.S. residents age 12 or older, according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics' (BJS) National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). The overall violent crime rate (which includes rape or sexual assault, robbery, aggravated and simple assault) rose from 22.6 victimizations per 1,000 persons in 2011 to 26.1 in 2012 […]. Violent victimizations that were not reported to police increased from a rate of 10.8 per 1,000 persons in 2011 to 14.0 in 2012 and accounted for the majority of the increase in total violence. The apparent increase in the rate of violent crimes reported to police from 2011 to 2012 was not statistically significant. The overall property crime rate (which includes household burglary, theft, and motor vehicle theft) increased from 138.7 per 1,000 households in 2011 to 155.8 per 1,000 in 2012. Similar to violent crime, the rate for property crime not reported to police increased during the period, from 86.1 to 101.9 victimizations per 1,000 households. However, there was no statistically significant change in the rate of property crime victimization reported to police."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Truman, Jennifer L.; Langton, Lynn; Planty, Michael
2013-10
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National Crime Victimization Survey: Criminal Victimization, 2013
"In 2013, U.S. residents age 12 or older experienced an estimated 6.1 million violent victimizations and 16.8 million property victimizations, according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics' (BJS) National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). After two consecutive years of increases, the overall violent crime rate (which includes rape or sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault, and simple assault) declined slightly, from 26.1 victimizations per 1,000 persons in 2012 to 23.2 per 1,000 in 2013 . The slight decline in simple assault accounted for about 80% of the change in total violence. The rate of violent crime in 2013 was similar to the rate in 2011 (22.6 per 1,000). Since 1993, the rate of violent crime has declined from 79.8 to 23.2 victimizations per 1,000 persons age 12 or older. The overall property crime rate (which includes household burglary, theft, and motor vehicle theft) decreased from 155.8 victimizations per 1,000 households in 2012 to 131.4 victimizations per 1,000 in 2013. The decline in theft accounted for the majority of the decrease in property crime. Since 1993, the rate of property crime has declined from 351.8 to 131.4 victimizations per 1,000 households."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Truman, Jennifer L.; Langton, Lynn
2014-09-19
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Jails in Indian Country, 2016
"An estimated 2,540 inmates were held in 80 Indian country jails at midyear 2016, a 1.2% increase from the 2,510 inmates held in 76 facilities at midyear 2015 (figure 1). The average number of inmates per operating facility remained relatively stable between 2015 (33) and 2016 (32), but increased from 26 inmates in 2000 (table 1). At midyear 2016, jails in Indian country were rated to hold an estimated 4,090 inmates, up from 3,800 in 2015."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Minton, Todd D.; Cowhig, Mary
2017-12
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Firearm Violence, 1993-2011
"In 2011, a total of 478,400 fatal and nonfatal violent crimes were committed with a firearm (table 1). Homicides made up about 2% of all firearm related crimes. There were 11,101 firearm homicides in 2011, down by 39% from a high of 18,253 in 1993 (figure 1). The majority of the decline in firearm-related homicides occurred between 1993 and 1998. Since 1999, the number of firearm homicides increased from 10,828 to 12,791 in 2006 before declining to 11,101 in 2011. Nonfatal firearm-related violent victimizations against persons age 12 or older declined 70%, from 1.5 million in 1993 to 456,500 in 2004 (figure 2). The number then fluctuated between about 400,000 to 600,000 through 2011. While the number of firearm crimes declined over time, the percentage of all violence that involved a firearm did not change substantively, fluctuating between 6% and 9% over the same period. In 1993, 9% of all violence was committed with a firearm, compared to 8% in 2011."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Planty, Michael; Truman, Jennifer L.
2013-05
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National Crime Victimization Survey: Criminal Victimization, 2001: Changes 2000-01 with Trends 1993-2001
"Americans age 12 or older experienced approximately 24.2 million violent and property victimizations in 2001 according to the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). Overall criminal victimizations included about 18.3 million property crimes (burglary, motor vehicle theft, and theft), 5.7 million violent crimes (rape, sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault, and simple assault), and about 188,000 personal thefts (pocket picking and purse snatching). The 24.2 million criminal victimizations in 2001 represent a decrease from 25.9 million victimizations in 2000, and furthered a downward trend that began in 1994. Criminal victimization estimates in 2001 are the lowest recorded since the 1973 estimate of 44 million victimizations when the NCVS was initiated."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Rennison, Callie Marie
2002-09-18
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National Crime Victimization Survey: Criminal Victimization, 2000: Changes 1999-2000 with Trends 1993-2000
"Approximately 25.9 million violent and property victimizations occurred during the year 2000, according to data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). Property crimes against U.S. households -- burglary, motor vehicle theft, and theft -- accounted for three-fourths of all victimizations. Violent crimes C rape, sexual assault, robbery, and aggravated and simple assault -- against persons age 12 or older accounted for about a fourth. Personal theft -- pocket picking and purse snatching -- comprised 1% of victimizations. In 2000 the estimated 25.9 million victimizations represented a decline from 28.8 million property and violent crimes experienced in 1999. The 2000 level of violent crime continued a downward trend that began in 1994 and the 2000 level of property crime is the lowest since 1974. The number of criminal victimizations estimated for 2000 is the lowest ever recorded since 1973 when the NCVS began and measured 44 million victimizations."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Rennison, Callie Marie
2001-06
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National Crime Victimization Survey: Criminal Victimization, 2016
"In 2016, about half (51%) of serious violent crimes, including rape or sexual assault, robbery, and aggravated assault, were reported to police [...]. In comparison, 42% of all violent crimes and 36% of property crimes were reported to police. Data are from the Bureau of Justice Statistics' (BJS) National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), which collects information on nonfatal crimes against persons age 12 or older from a nationally representative sample of U.S. households. The NCVS measures violent crimes, which include rape or sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault, and simple assault. Property crimes include household burglary, motor vehicle theft, and theft. The survey also measures personal larceny, which includes pickpocketing and purse snatching."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Morgan, Rachel E.; Kena, Grace
2017-12
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National Crime Victimization Survey: Criminal Victimization, 2014
"In 2014, U.S. residents age 12 or older experienced an estimated 5.4 million violent victimizations and 15.3 million property victimizations, according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics' (BJS) National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). There was no significant change in the overall rate of violent crime, defined as rape or sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault, and simple assault, from 2013 (23.2 victimizations per 1,000 persons age 12 or older) to 2014 (20.1 per 1,000) (figure 1). However, the rate of violent crime in 2014 was lower than the rate in 2012 (26.1 per 1,000). From 1993 to 2014, the rate of violent crime declined from 79.8 to 20.1 per 1,000. The overall property crime rate (which includes household burglary, theft, and motor vehicle theft) decreased from 131.4 victimizations per 1,000 households in 2013 to 118.1 victimizations per 1,000 in 2014. The decline in theft accounted for the majority of the decrease in property crime. Since 1993, the rate of property crime declined from 351.8 to 118.1 victimizations per 1,000 households."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Truman, Jennifer L.; Langton, Lynn
2015-09-25
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National Crime Victimization Survey: Criminal Victimization, 2004
"In 2004 U.S. residents age 12 or older experienced an estimated 24 million violent and property victimizations, according to the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). [...] These criminal victimizations included an estimated 18.6 million property crimes (burglary, motor vehicle theft, and theft), 5.2 million violent crimes (rape, sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault, and simple assault), and 224,000 personal thefts (pocket picking and purse snatching). Victimization rates for every major type of crime measured were unchanged from their 2003 levels."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Catalano, Shannan
2005-09
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National Crime Victimization Survey: Criminal Victimization, 2005 [Revised]
"Presents estimates of national levels and rates of personal and property victimization for the year 2005. Rates and levels are provided for personal and property victimization by victim characteristics, type of crime, victim-offender relationship, use of weapons, and reporting to police. Annual average victimization rates for 2004-05 are compared with those of the previous two years, 2002-03. A section is devoted to trends in victimization from 1993 to 2005. Estimates are from data collected using the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), an ongoing survey of households that interviews about 134,000 persons in 77,200 households annually." From the errata published June 16, 2011: "The estimates published in the Criminal Victimization, 2005 bulletin were calculated using incorrect sampling weights. Base weights for non-self-representing primary sampling units were adjusted to more accurately represent the 2000 sample design. The corrected weights resulted in relatively small revisions to estimates of victimization counts and rates."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Catalano, Shannan
2006-09
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National Crime Victimization Survey: Criminal Victimization, 2008
"The NCVS collects information on nonfatal crimes, reported and not reported to the police, against persons age 12 or older from a nationally representative sample of U.S. households. It produces national rates and levels of personal and property victimization, as well as information on the characteristics of crimes and victims and the consequences of victimization to victims. Violent crimes measured by the NCVS include rape, sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault, and simple assault. Property crimes include household burglary, motor vehicle theft, and theft. The survey also measures personal theft, including pocket picking and purse snatching. In 2008, 42,093 households and 77,852 individuals age 12 and older were interviewed for the NCVS. Each household was interviewed twice during the year. The response rate was 90.4% of households and 86.2% of eligible individuals. Violent and property crime rates remain at historic lows in 2008."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Rand, Michael R.
2009-09
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American Indian and Alaska Natives in Local Jails, 1999-2014
"An estimated 10,400 American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) inmates were held in local jails at midyear 2014, up from an estimated 5,500 at midyear 1999 (figure 1, table 1). 1 At midyear 2014, AIAN inmates accounted for 1.4% of all (744,600) local jail inmates (figure 2). The percentage of AIAN inmates held in local jails remained stable from 2006 to 2014. Data in this report are from the Census of Jails (1999 and 2013), Census of Jail Inmates (2005), and Annual Survey of Jails (2000-2014). The report also uses data from the National Inmate Survey (2011-12) to examine the characteristics of adult AIAN inmates held in local jails. The report provides state and national level estimates and examines jail inmates by race and Hispanic origin."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Minton, Todd D.
2017-09
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Family Violence Statistics, Including Statistics on Strangers and Acquaintances
"This compendium contains the most recent family violence statistics from these sources: surveys conducted by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), the BJS database of Federal statistics, and two statistical databases maintained by the FBI. The sources provide statistical snapshots of family violence at different stages in the administration of justice. First are statistics on the nature and extent of family violence. Next are statistics on family violence that is reported to police, followed by statistics on the prosecution of persons charged with family violence. Lastly are statistics on persons sent to prison or jail for family violence. The report is divided into eight sections giving statistics on: 1) Reported and unreported family violence; 2) Fatal family violence; 3) Family violence reported to police; 4) Family violence recorded by police; 5) State prosecution of family assault; 6) Federal prosecution of domestic violence; 7) Family violence offenders in prison; 8) Family violence offenders in jail."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Durose, Matthew R.; Harlow, Caroline Wolf; Langan, Patrick A. . . .
2005-06
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Immigration, Citizenship, and the Federal Justice System, 1998-2018
"This report highlights trends in federal arrests and prosecutions by the country of citizenship of persons processed through the federal criminal justice system. It shows changes from 1998 through 2018. The report provides statistics on law enforcement and prosecutions along the U.S.-Mexico border, as well as in non-border areas. It shows the number of suspects arrested and prosecuted for both immigration and non-immigration offenses, including by their citizenship status. It details activities for all 94 federal judicial districts, while also separately detailing activities for the 5 districts along the U.S.-Mexico border."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Motivans, Mark
2019-08
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Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report: Characteristics of Suspected Human Trafficking Incidents, 2007-08
This report "presents findings from the Human Trafficking Reporting System (HTRS). The HTRS was developed in 2007 to collect data on alleged human trafficking incidents from state and local law enforcement agencies. As of September 30, 2008, it had collected information on incident, suspect, and victim characteristics from 38 human trafficking task forces, funded by the Department of Justice. Incident data include the number of suspects and victims, number of agencies involved in the incident, confirmation of incident as human trafficking, and type of lead agency. Victim data include demographic characteristics such as age, race, gender, and citizenship status. In addition to demographic characteristics, suspect data include available arrest, adjudication, and sentencing information. This report covers incidents reported by task forces from January 1, 2007, to September 30, 2008."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Kyckelhahn, Tracey; Beck, Allen J.; Cohen, Thomas H.
2009-01
