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Analysis Report on Firefighter Fatalities [1988]
"The purpose of this study is to analyze the circumstances surrounding firefighter fatalities in the United States in 1988 in an attempt to identify potential means for reducing the number of deaths that occur each year. In addition to the 1988 findings, this study will also include special analyses of particular recurring scenarios, using NFPA's [National Fire Protection Association] data base of fire fighter fatalities from 1979 through 1988."
United States Fire Administration
National Fire Protection Association. Fire Analysis and Research Division
1989-08
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Five-Fatality High-Rise Office Building Fire
"At 1029, June 30, 1989 in Atlanta, Georgia an electrical fire originating on the sixth floor of a 10-story office building killed five people, and injured 23 civilians and six firefighters. One woman had jumped from a sixth floor window prior to the Fire Department's arrival and was seriously injured. Firefighters removed approximately 14 people over aerial ladders and rescued five others from the interior of the building. The electric closet where the fire started opened directly onto the exit corridor. When the fire erupted, it immediately blocked the corridor, keeping most victims away from the two exits serving the floor. This fire was reported to be the first multiple death U.S. high-rise office building fire in over 10 years. The fire demonstrates the need for automatic sprinkler protection for high-rise buildings and illustrates the impact that occupant behavior can have on survival in fire situations."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1989-06-30
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Residential Fire Sprinklers Retrofit Demonstration Project Phase I: Multi-Family Structures
"The United States Fire Administration's (USFA) goal is to reduce the number of fire deaths and injuries occurring annually in the U.S., particularly among those populations that face disproportionately high risk of death due to fire. They include children, minorities, the elderly, and handicapped persons. The USFA believes that the total number of fire deaths and injuries can be substantially reduced through the application of residential fire suppression systems (including fire sprinklers) in dwellings of all types. Thus, quick response fire sprinkler systems, state-of-the-art in residential fire suppression technology, were the focus of a research partnership between the USFA, the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and the NAHB National Research Center (Research Center). The goal of the two-phase program was to investigate and document the technical and administrative barriers to retrofitting fire suppression systems in existing buildings that house the targeted groups; and, to contribute to other research on the technical, economic, and policy issues surrounding residential fire suppression."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1989-06-09
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Power Off to Hard-Wired Detector in Nine-Fatality House Fire
"A fire originating in the first floor of a two-story, wood-frame house with two rental units in Peoria, Illinois, killed two adults and seven children on April 11, 1989. Two other adults and a teenager were injured, though they were able to escape from the burning house onto a porch roof from a second story window. This was the worst life-loss fire in Peoria for at least the past three decades."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
Carpenter, Daniel J., Jr.; Jennings, Charles
1989-04
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Conservative Approach to Chemical Plant Fire
This technical report series looks at a chemical plant fire in Ventura County, CA. A conservative approach and planned tactics resulted in safe and effective handling of this fire.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1989-04
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Rural Arson Control
This document identifies and discusses twenty-two needs statements about rural arson control, covering such issues as equipment, reporting, and incident management.
United States Fire Administration
1989-02
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Gasoline Tanker Incidents in Chicago, Illinois and Fairfax County, Virginia-Case Studies in Hazardous Materials Planning
"At approximately 0328, Thursday, March 30, 1989, a fully loaded 8,800 gallon gasoline tanker overturned on an exit ramp from I-495, the Washington, D.C. beltway. Approximately 150-180 gallons of gasoline leaked from the tanker's dome covers. The driver suffered minor injuries. Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department units responded, stabilized the scene, contained the product, and supervised the off-loading operation. One major route to the beltway was partially closed for 12 hours; the beltway remained open throughout the incident. There were no additional injuries. A group known as the Freeway Incident Management Team (FIMT) was activated and coordinated response among several agencies to minimize the disruption of traffic for the morning rush hour. The Freeway Incident Management Team includes representatives of County and State Police, the state highway department, and fire departments who respond to incidents that can be disruptive to the flow of traffic (see Appendix A). The FIMT agreement establishes responsibility for incident command and defines the duties of each organization for particular types of incidents. Traffic problems as a result of this incident were minimal thanks to the effectiveness of that coordination."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1989?
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Eight Children and Two Adults Die in Rural House Fire
"The U.S. Fire Administration develops reports on selected major fires throughout the country. The fires usually involve multiple deaths or a large loss of property. But the primary criterion for deciding to do a report is whether it will result in significant 'lessons learned.' In some cases these lessons bring to light new knowledge about fire--the effect of building construction or contents, human behavior in fire, etc. In other cases, the lessons are not new but are serious enough to highlight once again, with yet another fire tragedy report. In some cases, special reports are developed to discuss events, drills, or new technologies which are of interest to the fire service. [...] This is Report 028 of the Major Fires Investigation Project conducted by TriData Corporation under contract EMW-88-C-2649 to the United States Fire Administration, Federal Emergency Management Agency."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1989-01
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10 Million Dollar Marina Fire: Bohemia Bay, Maryland
"On Friday, January 6, 1989, at 0242, Cecil County, Maryland, fire headquarters received a call from a resident located three-quarters of a mile across the river from the Bohemia Bay Marina. The caller thought he could see a fire at a marina around Bohemia Bay, but due to poor visibility caused by snowfall, as well as the distance and time of night, he could not be certain as to its exact location. The fire dispatcher immediately contacted the State police. The nearest officer was 18 miles from the marina and took 45 minutes to locate the fire, where he discovered at least 10 boats on fire. At 0327, he requested fire apparatus. The first fire units arrived at 0349, approximately 67 minutes after first notification, and found 15 boats on fire. Several had broken loose from their moorings and drifted into other boats. Fuel from boats was burning on top of the water and flames were fanned by a six knot wind."
United States Fire Administration
Kirby, Randolph E.
1989-01
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Industrial Plastics Fire: Major Triage Operation, Flint Township, Michigan [November 29, 1988]
"On Tuesday, November 29, 1988 a fire occurred in a one-story Flint Township, Michigan factory that made polyurethane automobile bumpers. Chemicals used in manufacturing the bumpers and a large quantity of the bumpers burned. The fire resulted in about 96 people being checked at the hospital and the destruction of part of the metal building housing the factory, at a loss of $3,000,000. The primary problem in fighting this fire was' toxic smoke and the problem of having to access the fire from downwind. A county 'fire coordinators' system of incident command was successfully used to coordinate the activities at the fire and an evacuation of 150 people."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
Copeland, Tom D.
1988-11-29?
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Six Firefighter Fatalities in Construction Site Explosion, Kansas City, Missouri
"The Kansas City, Missouri Fire Department lost six firefighters and their vehicles - two entire pumper companies - in an explosion that occurred while they were extinguishing a fire at a construction site. The fire involved a trailer/magazine containing blasting mixtures of ammonium nitrate and fuel oil, most containing aluminum pellets, too. The fire also involved two other vehicles and ultimately a second trailer/magazine that also exploded. A summary of the incident's key issues is present in table form on the following pages. The firefighters were not told specifically what was in the trailer/magazine, but had been cautioned by the dispatcher about explosives on the site. Exactly what they suspected was in the trailers will probably never be know."
United States Fire Administration
1988-11
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Industrial Plastics Fire: Major Triage Operation, Flint Township, Michigan
This document looks at a fire that took place an industrial plastics facility in Flint, Michigan. The successful outcome of this fire is credited to the incident command system used, including a strict requirement for SCBA [self-contained breathing apparatus] use and rotation of personnel.
United States Fire Administration
1988-11
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Sprinklers Control Arson Fires in Rack-Storage Warehouse
This document looks at an arson case that took place in a warehouse in Mt. Prospect (IL). In this incident, the overhead sprinkler system operation and quick fire department response limited losses.
United States. Office of Homeland Security; United States Fire Administration
1988-10
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Analysis Report on Firefighter Fatalities [1987]
"The purpose of this study is to analyze the circumstances surrounding firefighter fatalities in the United States in 1987 in an attempt to identify potential means for reducing the number of deaths that occur each year. In addition to the 1987 findings, this study will also include special analyses of particular recurring scenarios, using NFPA's [National Fire Protection Association] data base of fire fighter fatalities from 1978 through 1987."
United States Fire Administration
National Fire Protection Association. Fire Analysis and Research Division
1988-08
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Swimming Pool Chemical Plant Fire, Springfield, Massachusetts [June 17, 1988]
"One of the most challenging problems facing the fire service today is the combined fire and hazardous/toxic chemical incident. Decisions have to be made regarding the timing of fire fighting activities with respect to evacuation priorities. In many cases, a decision must be made as to whether or not to fight the fire at all. Where the chemicals or products involved are water reactive, fighting the fire may make matters worse, endangering the firefighters or the general population. Just such a situation presented itself to Chief Raymond Sullivan of the Springfield, Massachusetts Fire Department and the city's hazardous materials incident response team on Friday, June 17, 1988. The incident occurred in that part of an 87-year-old industrial building housing a company that produced water treatment chemicals for swimming pools. Rain leakage wetted chemicals that released chlorine along with sufficient heat to cause ignition of ordinary combustibles. In the course of the incident, large amounts of chlorine gas were released, triggering several levels of evacuation involving more than 6,000 people. The fire resulted in the collapse of a portion of the roof. The fire and corrosive action of the chlorine gas resulted in almost complete loss of the contents of both floors and caused significant structural damage prompting razing of the second floor. At the time this report was written it was not known whether the building would be reoccupied."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
Custer, Richard L. P.
1988-06-17?
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Arson Prosecution: Issues and Strategies
"This document is intended to provide concise practical and technical guidance on arson prosecution. It draws heavily on state arson prosecutors' guides and other literature. This overview is especially beneficial to arson investigators, prosecutors, law enforcement personnel, and judges."
United States Fire Administration
1988-06
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Fire and Explosions at Rocket Fuel Plant, Henderson, Nevada [May 4, 1988]
"A series of explosions on May 4, 1988, near the City of Henderson, Nevada, claimed two lives, injured approximately 372 people including 15 firefighters, and caused damage estimated over $100 million. The explosions affected a large portion of the metropolitan Las Vegas area and caused the activation of disaster plans by several agencies. Considering the magnitude of the explosions, the loss of only two lives and the fact that only a few of the injuries were critical can be described as very fortunate. The incident presented tremendous risk and unusual challenge to the fire departments involved, but they managed the incident with relatively minor casualties. The lives of most of the plant employees were saved by their decision to evacuate the plant, prior to the major explosions. This and other key issues are summarized in the table on the following page."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
Routley, J. Gordon
1988-05-04?
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United States Fire Administration Technical Report Series: Fire and Explosion at Rocket Fuel Plant - Henderson, Nevada
Interagency coordination between fire, police and other agencies and successful triage are discussed in this report.
United States Fire Administration
Routley, J. Gordon
1988?
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Apartment Building Fire: East 50th Street, New York City
This document looks at the apartment building fire on East 50th Street in New York City. This fire demonstrated the need for subjecting multiple occupancy residential buildings to current fire codes regarding installation of fire protection equipment.
United States Fire Administration
1988-01
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Four House Fires That Killed 28 Children
"In the last quarter of 1987, four fires in three communities killed 28 children and two adults. Each fire shocked its community. The basic lessons were similar, and common to many other fires: [1] There were no working smoke detectors. [2] The houses were overcrowded at the time of the fire, which hindered escape. [3] Wooden, non-compartmented construction allowed rapid fire and smoke spread. [4] Lack of escape planning and practice and lack of general fire prevention education characterized most of the victims."
United States Fire Administration
Shapiro, Jeffrey M.; Carpenter, Daniel J., Jr.; Schaenman, Philip S. . . .
1987-12
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Three Firefighter Fatalities in Training Exercise
"This is Report 015 of the Major Fires Investigation Project conducted by TriData Corporation under contract EMW-86-C-2277 to the United States Fire Administration, Federal Emergency Management Agency. [...] An unusual training exercise involving simulated arson sets and live firefighting evolutions in an abandoned farmhouse resulted in the deaths of three volunteer firefighters and injuries to three others. The incident occurred in Milford Township, Michigan, a rural area approximately 30 miles from Detroit, on October 25, 1987. Four area volunteer departments participated in the exercise and the fatalities included members of three of the departments."
United States. Office of Homeland Security; United States Fire Administration
1987-10
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Ramada Inn Air Crash and Fire
"On October 20, 1987, at 0911, the control tower at the Indianapolis Airport was advised by the pilot of an A-7D Corsair single-engine military aircraft of an intended emergency landing due to engine failure. The Airport Fire Department began its normal response to set up on the intended runway. Due to low weather ceiling and poor visibility the plan overshot the intended runway, circled the airport and attempted to fly to an alternate runway. The fire department, having seen this, attempted to follow the aircraft."
United States. Office of Homeland Security; United States Fire Administration
1987-10
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Analysis Report on Firefighter Fatalities [1986]
"The purpose of this study is to analyze the circumstances surrounding firefighter fatalities in the United States in 1986 in an attempt to identify potential means for reducing the number of deaths that occur each year. In addition to the 1986 findings, this study will also include special analyses of particular recurring scenarios, using NFPA's [National Fire Protection Association] data base of fire fighter fatalities from 1978 through 1986."
United States Fire Administration
National Fire Protection Association. Fire Analysis and Research Division
1987-08
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Fire in the United States: Deaths, Injuries, Dollar Loss, and Incidents at the National, State, and Local Levels in 1983, Sixth Edition
"Within the past ten years, a number of advances have been made in fire safety. Improvements in fire fighter training, standard operating procedures, building codes, consumer product regulation, public education and awareness have all contributed significantly. Despite these accomplishments, however, the most important tasks facing today's fire service remain the development of new and refined prevention methods. For these reasons, the U.S. Fire Administration has selected prevention as the central theme of the sixth edition of Fire in the United States--both to commend recent achievements in fire safety and to point to the need for continued program improvements. This sixth edition of Fire in the United States--as in past years--describes key features of the nation's fire problem. It includes detailed discussions on fire incidence, deaths, injuries, and losses to fire fighters and civilians. The sixth edition also addresses trends and, to the extent possible, forecasts the U.S. fire problem. […] In recent years, the U.S. Fire Administration has made tremendous strides in the development and refinement of its uniform data base--the National Fire Incident Reporting System. The effects of these advancements are apparent in the sixth edition of Fire in the United States. This edition bears the fruit of a substantial base of data: much of its contents are the result of the contributions of over 10,000 fire departments in reporting jurisdictions--participating states, municipalities, and the District of Columbia."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1987-07
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Doubletree Hotel Fire, New Orleans, Louisiana
This document looks at the causes of the Doubletree Hotel Fire in New Orleans, Louisiana. The factors that contributed to the spread of this fire include: delayed detection of an arson fire, occupant negligence to install working fire alarms, and inactive sprinklers.
United States Fire Administration
1987-07
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Urban Wildlands Fire
On May 31, 1987, fire escaped from an illegal campfire in the, Del Monte Forest in Pebble Beach, California. The resulting fire burned 160 acres and destroyed 31 structures causing an estimated damage of approximately $18,000,000. There were 18 injuries, including 15, firefighters and 3 civilians. All injuries were minor, requiring no hospitalization.
United States Fire Administration
Graham, Hugh W.
1987-05-31
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Urban Wildlands Fire: Pebble Beach, California
This report analyzes fire operations and describes residential construction features and vegetation control that saved some homes in this urban wildlands fire.
United States Fire Administration; United States. Department of Homeland Security; National Fire Data Center (U.S.)
Graham, Hugh W.
1987-05
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Sherwin-Williams Paint Warehouse Fire
This document is a technical report series of a Sherwin-Williams paint warehouse fire in Dayton, OH with a supplement on Sandoz Chemical Plant Fire in Basel, Switzerland. This fire illustrates the decision to let it burn and provides a textbook example of a good incident command system.
United States. Office of Homeland Security; United States Fire Administration
1987-05-01?
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: College Dormitory Fire
This technical report series looks at college dormitory fires that took place in Dover, DE and Farmville, VA. These incidents point to the importance of enforcing fire safety policies and procedures in dormitories and encouraging use of the 911 emergency number for reporting emergencies to appropriate authorities.
United States. Office of Homeland Security; United States Fire Administration
1987-04
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Evacuation of Nanticoke, Pennsylvania Due to Metal Processing Plan Fire [March 24, 1987]
"On March 24, 1987 shortly after midnight, an electrical fire at a metal processing plant in Nanticoke, Pennsylvania generated a cloud of potentially toxic fumes which caused 15,000 residents to be rousted from sleep and evacuated from their homes. Emergency workers operating from local and county Emergency Operations Centers staged an extraordinarily smooth and successful evacuation, including the relocation of over 250 hospital and nursing home patients. The disaster showcased the value of good emergency operations planning, training, coordination, and practice as well as the wisdom of pre-fire plans." Pictures and maps are included in this report.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
Stambaugh, Hollis
1987-03-24
