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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Nine-Fatality Apartment House Fire
This technical report series looks at an apartment house fire in Ludington, Michigan. Tenant overcrowding and inadequate fire protection led to the tragic consequences of this fire.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1993-02-28
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Success Story at Retirement Home Fire
"On December 16, 1989, at 1629 a security guard at the Sommerset Retirement Home, 22355 Providence Village Drive in Sterling, Virginia, called 9-1-1 to report that alarm bells were sounding and that smoke was in the building. The facility was a new (one-year-old) three-story retirement home housing elderly people in apartment units. [...] An Incident Command System (ICS) was established immediately to address three tasks simultaneously: establish an emergency shelter and quickly and safely move the residents to that staging area; conduct a thorough search of every apartment; and locate the seat of the fire and extinguish it."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1989-12-01?
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: National Guard Plane Crash at Hotel Site
This technical report series looks at a C-130 crash outside of a hotel in Evansville, IN resulting in fire extension to the structure which led to multiple deaths and injuries.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1992
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Multi-Agency Ocean Rescue Disaster Plan and Drill
This report discusses the Broward County, FL off-shore emergency response plan and lessons learned from using it in a rescue drill for a downed aircraft in water.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1994-12-01?
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Hospital Fire Kills Four Patients, Southside Regional Medical Center
This technical report series looks at a hospital fire in Petersburg, VA that resulted in the death of four patients. Lessons learned from this fire include the importance of installing sprinkler and smoke detection systems throughout institutional facilities and the preparation of hospital staff as an integral part of fire protection.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1994-12
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Special Report- 'Get Alarmed South Carolina' Lessons Learned From Its Success
This technical report series looks at the story of the successful public fire safety program Get Alarmed, South Carolina and other South Carolina public fire safety efforts since 1988.
United States. Office of Homeland Security; United States Fire Administration
1991-11-01?
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Seven-Fatality Christmas Tree Fire
"On December 22,1990 at approximately 11:10 p.m. a Christmas tree fire originated in the family room of the Dell'Orco home. The father, in the family room at the time of the fire, made futile attempts to remove the burning tree from the house. The mother called the fire department and removed one child. They escaped, with injuries. She tried to reenter the home but could not because of heavy smoke and heat. The father abandoned the burning tree removal and attempted to rescue six of his children still in the home. The fire took the lives of the father and all six children."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1990-12-22?
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Major Ship Fire Extinguished by CO2
This technical report series looks at a major fire on a 324-foot seafood processing ship in the Greater Seattle, Washington area. This fire is the first-time that the Seattle Fire Department extinguished a ship fire with carbon dioxide.
United States. Office of Homeland Security; United States Fire Administration
1991-09
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Four Firefighters Killed, Trapped by Floor Collapse
This technical report series analyzes a fire at a furniture refinishing business in Brackenridge, PA. This report provides several valuable lessons for the fire service to help prevent this type of accident from occuring in the future.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1991-12-20
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Santana Row Development Fire
On Monday August 19, 2002, the City of San Jose, California experienced the worst fire loss in its history. By the time the day was over, eleven alarms would be dispatched to a large structure fire and the numerous exposure fires ignited by flying embers from the fire. Extinguishment required the combined effort of 221 firefighters and sixty-five pieces of apparatus. Fortunately, no one was killed and there were only minor injuries sustained by a number of firefighters.
United States. Office of Homeland Security; United States Fire Administration
2002-08
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Seven-Fatality Fire at Remote Wilderness Lodge
This tragic fire highlighted the need for public facilities, located in rural areas at a distance from fire and EMS services, to take extraordinary responsibility themselves for fire and life safety. LLIS Core Capability: Fire
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1991-07-01?
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Twelve-Fatality Nursing Home Fire, Norfolk, Virginia
"On October 5, 1989, at 2218 hours, a fire in Norfolk, Virginia, was reported from the Hillhaven Rehabilitation and Convalescent Home, 1005 Hampton Boulevard. This was a 4-story masonry building, housing 161 elderly patients, most of whom were bedridden. First arriving firefighting units discovered fire coming out of the window of a second floor patient room located on the front of the building. The fire was lapping up to the third floor window. The second floor was completely filled with heavy smoke, and some flame at the ceiling level was observed. No alarms were heard and there was no apparent commotion. Second and third alarms were sounded immediately to assist in rescue efforts. Some patients were removed from their rooms by the use of ground ladders set up on the outside. Bedridden patients, trapped in their rooms, had to be carried by firefighters through heavy smoke and heat conditions. Rescue efforts on the second floor required approximately 35 minutes."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1989-10
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Five Fatality Residential Motel Fire, Thornton, Colorado
"At 2:33 a.m., the Adams County Communications Center (ADCOM) received a telephone report of smoke and fire at the Hacienda Plaza Inn. Police officers who reached the scene within two to three minutes of the alarm reported flames visible at the exterior and occupants evacuating into the 17 degree night air. Four occupants were trapped in two separate rooms and perished. A fifth fatality, who had been staying in one of these two rooms, was later discovered at the west exit from the second floor breezeway. Two firefighters sustained minor injuries while fighting the fire. The cause of the fire has been determined to be arson by persons unknown. A $15,000.00 reward for information leading to the arrest and conviction of the responsible person or persons has been advertised by local television, radio, and print media in the Denver area. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco & Firearms activated a National Response Team at the request of local officials to assist with the scene investigation and interviewing of witnesses."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1997
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Shenandoah Retirement Home Fire, Roanoke County, Virginia
"On December 14, 1989, at 0214 hours, a fire alarm was received by the Roanoke County Fire Dispatch Center from the Shenandoah Retirement Home Center. This is a 6-1/2-story masonry building housing 175 elderly persons. Many of the occupants require canes and walkers for mobility. The second floor of this home is licensed by the State as an adult care center for some 48 persons requiring custodial supervision. On December 14, the building was occupied by 135 residents and three staff members. The building actually houses more than this number, but several were visiting family members or were in the hospital. The first firefighting units arrived 18 minutes after notification of alarm and saw fire coming from a third floor apartment window at the front of the building. Firefighters entering into the building by way of stairwells located at each end of the structure were met by occupants leaving from the upper floors, and with smoke which was already permeating the stairwells. On the third floor they found heat and heavy black smoke from floor to ceiling. Additional fire personnel and equipment had already been alerted by fire dispatch as a result of an on-duty sheriff's deputy who witnessed the fire's progress prior to fire department arrival and radioed this information to the fire dispatch center."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1989-12
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Kona Village Apartments Fire Bremerton, WA
"On November 13, 1997, an early morning fire in a large apartment building in Bremerton, WA, caused the death of four elderly residents and forced the evacuation of an additional 150 residents. Estimated property damage was in excess of $7.5 million. The fire, determined to be accidental, started in an unoccupied apartment (Apartment 316) and spread rapidly, trapping many residents. At least 21 people had to be rescued by firefighters using ground ladders. The construction features of the non-sprinkled building contributed to the fire spread. The blaze quickly involved the exterior walkway in the courtyard from the apartment door, communicated upward via pipe chases and utility shafts, and extended from the exterior rear window of the apartment of origin. Once in the attic, the inadequate and poorly constructed fire walls allowed rapid horizontal fire spread."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1997-11
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: LP-Gas Tank Explosion Kills Two Volunteer Firefighters
"On Thursday October 2, 1997, two Carthage, Illinois Fire Department volunteer firefighters died, one was seriously injured, and another was injured when a horizontal liquefied petroleum gas (LP- Gas) tank BLEVE'd (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion). The rocketing tank struck them as they prepared to advance pre-connected hoselines from their high-pressure fog pumper about eight minutes after their arrival."
United States. Office of Homeland Security; United States Fire Administration
Miller, Thomas H. (Professional safety engineer); Lackman, Michael
1997-10
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Old Buckingham Station - Chesterfield, Virginia
Fire protection issues, particularly unsprinklered combustible spaces, associated with a 4-story apartment complex fire are examined.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
Miller, Thomas H. (Professional safety engineer)
1995-05?
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Sprinklered Records Storage Facility - Chicago, Illinois
"On Tuesday October 29, 1996, a still alarm was sounded for a fire in an automatic sprinkler protected records archive building shortly before 2 p.m. Before the fire was declared under control nearly ten hours later, it had reached the fourth alarm level with a commitment of 17 engines, 9 trucks and tower ladders, a squad and several additional special pieces of equipment. The last fire company left the scene about 5 p.m. on November 7, 1996 and a full box alarm assignment was involved in overhaul operations for over 24 hours after the fire."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
Miller, Thomas H. (Professional safety engineer)
1996-10
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Topical Fire Report Series, August 2018, Volume 19, Issue 5--Fire Department Overall Run Profile as Reported to the National Fire Incident Reporting System (2016)
"The findings from this issue of the Topical Fire Report Series include: [1] In 2016, fire departments responded to 25,693,300 incident calls that were reported to the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS); [2] Almost two-thirds (64 percent) of the reported calls to fire departments required Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and rescue services; [3] Only 5 percent of all reported fire department runs were fire related; [4] In 2016, fire departments responded to more severe weather calls reported on Saturdays than any other day of the week; [5] About half (52 percent) of the reported calls were to residential properties; [6] Only 3 percent of these were fire related; [7] Approximately 9 percent of reported runs involved mutual or automatic aid."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2018-08
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Smoking-Related Fires in Residential Buildings
Topical Fire Reports "are designed to explore facets of the U.S. fire problem as depicted through data collected in the U.S. Fire Administration's (USFA's) National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS). Each topical report briefly addresses the nature of the specific fire or fire-related topic, highlights important findings from the data, and may suggest other resources to consider for further information. Also included are recent examples of fire incidents that demonstrate some of the issues addressed in the report or that put the report topic in context." This report examines smoking-related fires in residential buildings.
National Fire Data Center (U.S.); United States Fire Administration
2010-09
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Winter Residential Building Fires
"These topical reports are designed to explore facets of the U.S. fire problem as depicted through data collected in the U.S. Fire Administration's (USFA's) National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS). Each topical report briefly addresses the nature of the specific fire or fire-related topic, high¬lights important findings from the data, and may suggest other resources to consider for further information. Also included are recent examples of fire incidents that demonstrate some of the issues addressed in the report or that put the report topic in context."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
2010-02
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Medical Facility Fires [May 2009]
Topical Fire Reports "are designed to explore facets of the U.S. fire problem as depicted through data collected in the U.S. Fire Administration's (USFA's) National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS). Each topical report briefly addresses the nature of the specific fire or fire-related topic, high¬lights important findings from the data, and may suggest other resources to consider for further information. Also included are recent examples of fire incidents that demonstrate some of the issues addressed in the report or that put the report topic in context." This report examines medical facility fires. Findings include: "(1) Between 2004 and 2006, an average of 6,400 fires occurred in medical facilities each year, resulting in over $34 million in losses; (2) Fifty-five percent of medical facility fires are small, confined cooking fires; (3) Medical facilities offering 24-hour care account for 89 percent of medical facility fires. Twenty-four-hour care facilities also account for 94 percent of cooking fires in all medical facilities; (4) Fire peaks coincide with meal preparation times; [and] (5) Automatic extinguishing systems are found more often in 24-hour care facilities than in clinics or medical offices."
National Fire Data Center (U.S.); United States Fire Administration
2009-05
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Topical Fire Report Series: Hotel and Motel Fires
Topical Fire Reports "are designed to explore facets of the U.S. fire problem as depicted through data collected in the U.S. Fire Administration's (USFA's) National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS). Each topical report briefly addresses the nature of the specific fire or fire-related topic, highlights important findings from the data, and may suggest other resources to consider for further information. Also included are recent examples of fire incidents that demonstrate some of the issues addressed in the report or that put the report topic in context." This report examines hotel and motel fires.
National Fire Data Center (U.S.); United States Fire Administration
2010-01
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National Estimates of Indirect Fire Costs
"The objective of this study was to develop a national estimate of indirect residential fire costs which, when combined with an estimate of direct losses based on fire department fire reports, would yield an accurate overall picture of total losses as the result of reported residential fires in the United States. Since fire department reports typically include in their dollar loss estimates only damage directly done to buildings and contents, the subject of the present study, indirect fire costs, was operationally defined to include all costs other than the value of damage directly done to structures and their contents. In particular, the following categories of indirect costs were considered: medical costs, temporary shelter costs, costs of missed work, extra meal costs, funeral costs, demolition costs, cost of legal fees, and other similar, miscellaneous cost items which are not included in those explicit categories. Three categories of indirect fire costs which had to be omitted from the cost calculations presented in this chapter should be noted. First, and perhaps most important, no attempt has been made to place a monetary value on the pain, both physical and psychological, experienced by fire victims and their friends and relatives as a result of the fires. Fires often have devastating nonmonetary impacts because of such factors as deaths, injuries, dislocation, loss of cherished and irreplaceable possessions, and trauma. Indeed, in many cases such costs may be greater in magnitude than those to which monetary values can be assigned."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1980-04
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Fire-Related Firefighter Injuries in 2004
"At the fire scene or on the way to a fire, vehicle crash, or explosion, or even while training, firefighters face a relatively high chance of being injured and possibly killed. […]. While the majority of injuries are minor, a significant number are debilitating and career-ending. Such injuries exact a great toll on the fabric of the fire service. From the need to adjust staffing levels and rotations to accommodate injuries, to the focus of the fire service on injury prevention, injuries and their prevention are a primary concern. In addition, the fire service has done much to improve firefighter safety. Firefighter health and safety initiatives, incident command structure, training, and protective gear are but a few areas where time, energy, and resources have been well-spent. Nonetheless, firefighting is, by its very nature, a hazardous profession. Injuries can and do occur. This report presents the details of firefighter injuries sustained at or responding to a fire incident, focusing on 2004 data. These injuries may be the result of operations at the fire scene or responding to or returning from an incident. Confirmation of (or opposition to) previous reported trends of firefighter injuries are noted where appropriate. Most of the statistics presented are from analyses of the 2004 National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) Version 5.0 data." Included are a number of tables detailing the types, times, causes, and locations of injuries, as well as the ages and genders of injured firefighters.
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2008-02
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Coordinating an Effective Police and Fire Response to Active Shooter Incidents for the Cities of Aberdeen, Cosmopolis, and Hoquiam Washington
"Active shooter incidents (ASI's) are occurring with greater frequency in the United States. To meet this challenge the fire service must develop coordinated joint response procedures with law enforcement in order to save innocent lives and protect its personnel. The problem addressed by this research was the local Hostile Incident Planning Committee had not identified key components of an active shooter response model that afforded the highest level of protection for emergency responders while increasing the likelihood of saving patient lives. The purpose of this research paper was to identify an effective coordinated law/fire response model for active shooter incidents given the resource limitations of local emergency response agencies."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
Hubbard, Thomas D.
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U.S. Fire Administration: Funding Alternatives for Emergency Medical and Fire Services
"The purpose of this manual is to identify the various grants and innovative funding alternatives available for emergency medical services (EMS) and fire protection services. Where appropriate, a discussion of the pros and cons of a particular funding source is discussed. In some instances, examples are given to illustrate how alternative funding is being successfully implemented in EMS agencies and fire departments across the country."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2012-04
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Learning Resource Center: First Responder Dissertations and Theses [website]
"This resource page allows you to search and explore our collection of nearly 1000 doctoral dissertations and Masters theses published in colleges and universities from around the country." Topics include: career development, civil defense, decision making, disaster planning/preparation/mitigation, emergency management, emergency medical services, emergency response, fire officers, fire prevention/fire safety, fire protection, fire service training, firefighter health, firefighter safety, firefighting operations, fire service higher Education, homeland security, job stress/post-traumatic stress disorder, leadership/mentoring, life safety/public safety, risk evaluation/risk management, terrorism, recovery, resilience, weapons of mass destruction, wildland fires, and Training>
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
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Emergency Incident Rehabilitation [Updated February 2008]
"The USFA is committed to working with the major national level fire service organizations in reducing fire-fighter fatalities in the U.S. Numerous programs, research efforts, and other work are being done to support/reach this goal. As part of the effort, the USFA determined that the 1992 FA-114, Emergency Incident Rehabilitation report needed to be updated to ensure that the latest information on the care of firefighters engaged in emergency scene and training operations was made available. In order to facilitate the revision, the USFA entered into a cooperative agreement with the International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF), Division of Occupational Health, Safety and Medicine, to provide this revised report." The report is divided into the following six sections: The Need for Rehab Operations at Incidents and Training Exercises; Heat Stress and the Firefighter; Cold Stress and the Firefighter; Establishing and Operating a Rehab Area; Caring for Firefighters During Rehab Operations; Postincident Rehab Considerations. Appendix A contains a list of additional references and resources, and Appendix B provides the Fire Department Standard Operating Procedure for Emergency Incident Rehabilitation.
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2008-02
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: I-35W Bridge Collapse and Response
This document is a report on the collapse of the Interstate 35W Mississippi River Bridge in Minneapolis and the subsequent rescue operations. The report gives a background of the collapse, the following fire and rescue response, the actions of emergency medical services, recovery operations, and overview of the Minneapolis Emergency Management System, Hazmat and environmental monitoring, and lessons learned and best practices.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
2007-08?
