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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: I-75 Multiple Vehicle Collision/Mass Casualty Incident
This technical report series looks at a massive motor vehicle collision along I-75 in a rural area of Collier County, FL. Three people were killed and 13 were injured. Access to the site was limited by both its remote location and the massive traffic backups, which ensued following 8 separate collisions along the Interstate. The incident shut down I-75 in both directions, backing up traffic from the Gulf of Mexico to the Atlantic Ocean. It took 58 emergency responders to manage the incident.
United States. Office of Homeland Security; United States Fire Administration
2002-01
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Rail Emergencies, Special Report
The USFA has selected the topic of rail emergencies as the subject of a special report under the Major Fires Investigation Program. The focus of this report will be the planning and response aspects of managing large scale rail emergencies from the standpoint of command and control, with the objective of providing care to the injured. The purpose of this Special Report is to identify the challenges to strategic planning and tactical operations in the area of rail transportation emergencies and to provide planning suggestions for fire and rescue departments. While this report addresses operations at all types of rail systems; (inter state, inter city, urban commuter, and both privately and publicly operated), the focus is mainly on the emergency response issues pertaining to passenger rail emergencies and the rescue and patient care missions.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
2003-02
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series Special Report: The After-Action Critique: Training Through Lessons Learned
"The U.S. Fire Administration (USFA) develops reports on selected major fires throughout the country. The fires usually involve multiple deaths or a large loss of property, but the primary criterion for deciding to write a report is whether it will result in significant 'lessons learned.' In some cases these lessons bring to light new knowledge about fire--the effects of building construction or contents, human behavior in fire, and so forth. In other cases, the lessons are not new, but are serious enough to highlight once again because of another fire tragedy. Under this project, USFA also develops special reports addressing a variety of issues that affect the fire service, such as homeland security and disaster preparedness, new technologies, training, fireground tactics, and firefighter safety and health. The reports are sent to fire magazines and are distributed at national and regional fire meetings. The reports are available on request from USFA. Announcements of their availability are published widely in fire journals and newsletters. This body of work provides detailed information on the nature of the fire problem and the many types of service provided by fire departments. The information informs policymakers, who must decide on allocations of resources between fire and other pressing problems, and personnel within the fire service, to improve codes and code enforcement, training, public fire education, building technology, and other related areas. For reports on major fires and other critical incidents to which fire departments respond, USFA, which has no regulatory authority, sends an experienced fire investigator into a community only after having conferred with the local fire authorities to ensure that USFA's assistance and presence would support, not interfere with, any local review of the incident. The intent is to arrive after the dust settles so that a complete and objective review of all the important aspects of the incident can be made. Local authorities review USFA's report while it is in draft form. The USFA investigator or team is available to local authorities should they wish to request technical assistance for their own investigation. For additional copies of this report write to the United States Fire Administration, 16825 South Seton Avenue, Emmitsburg, Maryland 21727 or visit our Web site: http://www.usfa.dhs.gov."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
2008-04
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Sodium Explosion Critically Burns Firefighters
This report illustrates how quickly and unpredictably an apparently minor hazardous materials situation can change and how standard protective clothing and equipment, designed for structural firefighting, is dangerously inadequate for a molten metals.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1993-10-25
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Class A Foam for Structural Firefighting
"The increasing use of class A foam systems by urban and suburban fire departments for structural fire suppression has created a demand for information on this technology. While class A foams have been used extensively by wildland and rural fire departments, their application to structural fire suppression is a recent trend. This report discusses the use of class A foaming agents in conjunction with water for fire suppression (conventional or nozzle-aspirated class A foam systems); it also provides additional information on the use of class A foam agents with water and compressed air (compressed air foam systems, or CAFS [compressed air foam system])"
United States. Office of Homeland Security; United States Fire Administration
1996-12
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Aerial Ladder Collapse Incidents
"This report addresses five separate incidents in which fire department aerial ladders collapsed. The most serious of these incidents occurred in New York City, where one man died and his wife, two young children and two firefighters were injured when an aerial ladder collapsed during a rescue attempt. Two of the other incidents also resulted in serious injuries to firefighters. Each of these incidents involved the collapse of an aerial ladder due to structural failure. [...] These incidents indicate a significant potential problem with existing aerial ladders that were not designed to provide the structural capabilities of ladders that are currently in production. Hundreds of similar aerial ladders are currently in service in United States fire departments. This emphasizes the need for aerial ladder operators to be properly trained and thoroughly familiar with the capabilities and limitations of their particular units, so that they will be able to recognize situations that are beyond the safe operating limits of their equipment"
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1996-04
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Logan Valley Mall Fire
"An early morning fire on December 16, 1994 destroyed approximately 20 percent of the Logan Valley Mall, a regional shopping complex. An effective attack by 59 fire companies successfully controlled the fire although an additional 40 percent of the complex suffered severe smoke and water damage. The fire, which was reported at 2:29 a.m., completely destroyed 15 stores and 9 sales kiosks. The direct loss is estimated at $50 million, with total economic impact of more than $75 million."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1994-12
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Three Firefighter Fatalities in Training Exercise
"This is Report 015 of the Major Fires Investigation Project conducted by TriData Corporation under contract EMW-86-C-2277 to the United States Fire Administration, Federal Emergency Management Agency. [...] An unusual training exercise involving simulated arson sets and live firefighting evolutions in an abandoned farmhouse resulted in the deaths of three volunteer firefighters and injuries to three others. The incident occurred in Milford Township, Michigan, a rural area approximately 30 miles from Detroit, on October 25, 1987. Four area volunteer departments participated in the exercise and the fatalities included members of three of the departments."
United States. Office of Homeland Security; United States Fire Administration
1987-10
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Gasoline Tanker Incidents in Chicago, Illinois and Fairfax County, Virginia-Case Studies in Hazardous Materials Planning
"At approximately 0328, Thursday, March 30, 1989, a fully loaded 8,800 gallon gasoline tanker overturned on an exit ramp from I-495, the Washington, D.C. beltway. Approximately 150-180 gallons of gasoline leaked from the tanker's dome covers. The driver suffered minor injuries. Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department units responded, stabilized the scene, contained the product, and supervised the off-loading operation. One major route to the beltway was partially closed for 12 hours; the beltway remained open throughout the incident. There were no additional injuries. A group known as the Freeway Incident Management Team (FIMT) was activated and coordinated response among several agencies to minimize the disruption of traffic for the morning rush hour. The Freeway Incident Management Team includes representatives of County and State Police, the state highway department, and fire departments who respond to incidents that can be disruptive to the flow of traffic (see Appendix A). The FIMT agreement establishes responsibility for incident command and defines the duties of each organization for particular types of incidents. Traffic problems as a result of this incident were minimal thanks to the effectiveness of that coordination."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1989?
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Sherwin-Williams Paint Warehouse Fire
This document is a technical report series of a Sherwin-Williams paint warehouse fire in Dayton, OH with a supplement on Sandoz Chemical Plant Fire in Basel, Switzerland. This fire illustrates the decision to let it burn and provides a textbook example of a good incident command system.
United States. Office of Homeland Security; United States Fire Administration
1987-05-01?
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Five-Fatality High-Rise Office Building Fire
"At 1029, June 30, 1989 in Atlanta, Georgia an electrical fire originating on the sixth floor of a 10-story office building killed five people, and injured 23 civilians and six firefighters. One woman had jumped from a sixth floor window prior to the Fire Department's arrival and was seriously injured. Firefighters removed approximately 14 people over aerial ladders and rescued five others from the interior of the building. The electric closet where the fire started opened directly onto the exit corridor. When the fire erupted, it immediately blocked the corridor, keeping most victims away from the two exits serving the floor. This fire was reported to be the first multiple death U.S. high-rise office building fire in over 10 years. The fire demonstrates the need for automatic sprinkler protection for high-rise buildings and illustrates the impact that occupant behavior can have on survival in fire situations."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1989-06-30
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Ramada Inn Air Crash and Fire
"On October 20, 1987, at 0911, the control tower at the Indianapolis Airport was advised by the pilot of an A-7D Corsair single-engine military aircraft of an intended emergency landing due to engine failure. The Airport Fire Department began its normal response to set up on the intended runway. Due to low weather ceiling and poor visibility the plan overshot the intended runway, circled the airport and attempted to fly to an alternate runway. The fire department, having seen this, attempted to follow the aircraft."
United States. Office of Homeland Security; United States Fire Administration
1987-10
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Concept Sciences, Incorporated
This report discusses the response efforts on Friday, February 19, 1999, when an explosion destroyed a plant operated by Concept Sciences, Incorporated in Hanover Township, Pennsylvania.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1999-02
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Eight-Fatality Row House Fire Chester, PA: Lessons Learned from Residential Fires with Five or More Fatalities
This technical report series analyzes a row house fire in Chester, PA. Eight children left unattended die in one room of a row house when they were unable to escape a rapidly spreading fire.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1992-12-05?
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: New York City Bank Building Fire - Compartmentation vs. Sprinklers
"A high-rise office complex in the heart of midtown Manhattan was the scene of a major fire on the night of January 31, 1993. It was the most destructive high-rise fire in New York City in more than a decade, resulting in direct property damage of more than $10 million and a much larger loss due to business interruption and secondary effects. [...] This fire is particularly significant as an evaluation of the effectiveness of Local Law 5, the retroactive requirements that were enacted for all high-rise office buildings in New York City, after a series of destructive fires in the 1960s and 1970s. It suggests that the compartmentation option offered by Local Law 5 may be inadequate to prevent fires from growing to extremely destructive proportions and placing both occupants and firefighters in danger of death or injuries. Although the extent of the fire was not as great as similar fires that occurred in Los Angeles and Philadelphia in recent years, it could have equalled or exceeded their magnitude if it had originated on a higher floor. This result reinforces the opinion of many fire experts and authorities having jurisdiction that automatic sprinklers should be required in all existing high-rise buildings, as well as new construction."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1993-01-31
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Eight Children and Two Adults Die in Rural House Fire
"The U.S. Fire Administration develops reports on selected major fires throughout the country. The fires usually involve multiple deaths or a large loss of property. But the primary criterion for deciding to do a report is whether it will result in significant 'lessons learned.' In some cases these lessons bring to light new knowledge about fire--the effect of building construction or contents, human behavior in fire, etc. In other cases, the lessons are not new but are serious enough to highlight once again, with yet another fire tragedy report. In some cases, special reports are developed to discuss events, drills, or new technologies which are of interest to the fire service. [...] This is Report 028 of the Major Fires Investigation Project conducted by TriData Corporation under contract EMW-88-C-2649 to the United States Fire Administration, Federal Emergency Management Agency."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1989-01
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Conservative Approach to Chemical Plant Fire
This technical report series looks at a chemical plant fire in Ventura County, CA. A conservative approach and planned tactics resulted in safe and effective handling of this fire.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1989-04
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Manufacturing Mill Fire
"An explosion and fire in an industrial complex in Methuen, Massachusetts on December 11, 1995 injured 37 people and destroyed nearly one million square feet of manufacturing space. Several workers were critically burned by the initial explosion and six firefighters received minor injuries as the incident progressed. The ensuing fire, driven by 40 mile per hour winds, destroyed several large buildings in the complex, which straddled the municipal boundary between the cities of Lawrence and Methuen."
United States. Office of Homeland Security; United States Fire Administration
1995-12
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United States Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Massive Leak of Liquified Chlorine Gas
"The reports are sent to fire magazines and are distributed at national and regional fire meetings. The International Association of Fire Chiefs assists USFA [United States Fire Administration] in disseminating the findings throughout the fire service. On a continuing basis the reports are available on request from USFA; announcements of their availability are published widely in fire journals and newsletters. This body of work provides detailed information on the nature of the fire problem for policymakers who must decide on allocations of resources between fire and other pressing problems, and within the fire service to improve codes and code enforcement, training, public fire education, building technology, and other related areas The Fire Administration, which has no regulatory authority, sends an experienced fire investigator into a community after a major incident only after having conferred with the local fire authorities to insure that USFA's assistance and presence would be supportive and would in no way interfere with any review of the incident they are themselves conducting. The intent is not to arrive during the event or even immediately after, but rather after the dust settles, so that a complete and objective review of all the important aspects of the incident can be made. Local authorities review USFA's report while it is in draft. The USFA investigator or team is available to local authorities should they wish to request technical assistance for their own investigation."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1991-05
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Interstate Bank Building Fire
"This is Report 022 of the Major Fires Investigation Project conducted by TriData Corporation under contract EMW-8-4321 to the United States Fire Administration, Federal Emergency Management Agency. [...] On Wednesday, May 4, and continuing into May 5, 1988, the Los Angeles City Fire Department responded to and extinguished the most challenging and difficult highrise fire in the city's history. The fire destroyed four floors and damaged a fifth floor of the modern 62 story First Interstate Bank building in downtown Los Angeles. [...] This was one of the most destructive highrise fires in recent United States history. The fire presented the greatest potential for the 'Towering Inferno' scenario of any U. S. fire experience and was controlled only through the massive and dedicated manual fire suppression efforts of a large metropolitan fire department. It demonstrated the absolute need for automatic sprinklers to provide protection for tall buildings."
United States. Office of Homeland Security; United States Fire Administration
1998-05
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Indianapolis Athletic Club Fire
This technical report series looks at a fire at a complex mixed-use facility in Indianapolis (IN). Two Indianapolis firefighters and an elderly guest died in this fire which occurred while the building housed the jury hearing testimony in heavyweight boxer Mike Tyson's trial.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1992-02-05?
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: College Dormitory Fire
This technical report series looks at college dormitory fires that took place in Dover, DE and Farmville, VA. These incidents point to the importance of enforcing fire safety policies and procedures in dormitories and encouraging use of the 911 emergency number for reporting emergencies to appropriate authorities.
United States. Office of Homeland Security; United States Fire Administration
1987-04
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Schomburg Plaza Fire
"A fire originating in the compactor chute of a 35-story high-rise apartment building in the Harlem area of New York City caused the deaths of seven building residents. Several code enforcement and fire department operational problems may have contributed to the loss. [...] The U.S. Fire Administration commends FDNY for their outstanding post-mortem investigation conducted under technically difficult and politically embarrassing circumstances. The fire was tragic and the losses could have been prevented. By their investigation the FDNY has done much to help prevent similar losses in the future. The investigation also may serve as a model for other post-mortems."
United States. Office of Homeland Security; United States Fire Administration
1987-03
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Seven Alarm Fire Boardwalk Stores
This report highlights how the absence of business owners for long periods of time can impede the prompt resolution of code violations and the importance of documenting code violations, particularly in states with statutes that allow local fire departments to recover the cost of their suppression if a fire can be directly or indirectly linked to code violations.
United States. Office of Homeland Security; United States Fire Administration
2000-08-01?
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Fire Apparatus and Train Collision
This U.S. Fire Administration report details the circumstances of and emergency response to the fire apparatus/train collision that occurred near Catlett, Virginia, on September 28, 1989.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1989-09-28?
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Sprinklers Control Arson Fires in Rack-Storage Warehouse
This document looks at an arson case that took place in a warehouse in Mt. Prospect (IL). In this incident, the overhead sprinkler system operation and quick fire department response limited losses.
United States. Office of Homeland Security; United States Fire Administration
1988-10
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Amtrak Train Derailment
A technical review of an Amtrak derailment in Nodaway, Iowa, which affected 225 passengers and 16 crew members and resulted in one death, concludes that guidelines-previously established for search and rescue operations after a tornado-contributed to the success of the rescue.
United States. Office of Homeland Security; United States Fire Administration
2001-03
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Multiple Fatality Single Dwelling Fire
A technical review of a Florida house fire that killed six people-five of them children under age seven-stresses the importance of smoke alarms, notably in fires that occur when residents would be asleep.
United States. Office of Homeland Security; United States Fire Administration
2001-06
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Nine Elderly Fire Victims in Residential Hotel
"Early in the morning of April 6, 1990, a fire in a Miami Beach hotel killed nine occupants and injured 24, including 4 firefighters The building, known as the Fontana Hotel, was originally constructed in 1951. Although the building was officially designated as a hotel, most of its occupants were elderly and used the building as a permanent residence. Of the nine fatalities, the youngest was over 75 years old."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1990-04
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Children Left At Home Alone: Eleven Die in Two Fires
This technical report series looks at two separate fires in Detroit, MI. The causes of these fires and the factors which led to the tragic loss of these young lives provide vivid lessons about the dangers of leaving children home alone.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1993-02-01?
