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Fire-Related Firefighter Injuries Reported to the National Fire Incident Reporting System (2010-2012)
"These topical reports are designed to explore facets of the U.S. fire problem as depicted through data collected in the U.S. Fire Administration's (USFA's) National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS). Each topical report briefly addresses the nature of the specific fire or fire-related topic, highlights important findings from the data, and may suggest other resources to consider for further information. Also included are recent examples of fire inci-dents that demonstrate some of the issues addressed in the report or that put the report topic in context." The findings from this report are: "[1.] From 2010 to 2012, an estimated 70,450 firefighter injuries occurred annually. Of these injuries, 31,550 occurred on the fireground, and 4,150 occurred while responding to or returning from an incident. [2.] The majority of fire-related firefighter injuries (87 percent) occurred in structure fires. In addition, on average, structure fires had more injuries per fire than nonstructure fires. [3.] Injuries resulted in lost work time for 42 percent of firefighters with reported fire-related injuries. [4.] Fires resulting in firefighter injuries were more prevalent in July at 12 percent and peaked between the hours of 1 and 4 p.m. [5.] Overexertion/Strain was the cause of 27 percent of reported fire-related firefighter injuries."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
2014-11
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Civilian Fire Fatalities in Residential Buildings (2010-2012)
"From 2010 to 2012, civilian fire fatalities in residential buildings accounted for 82 percent of all fire fatalities. This topical fire report focuses on the characteristics of these fatalities as reported to the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) from 2010 to 2012. NFIRS data is used for the analyses presented throughout this report. Civilian fire fatalities by definition involve people not on active duty with a firefighting organization who die as a result of a fire. These fatalities generally occur when an individual is escaping, sleeping or unable to act during a fire. Annually, from 2010 to 2012, an estimated 2,465 civilian fire fatalities resulted from 1,700 fatal fires in residential buildings and an estimated 366,900 residential building fires. Fatal fires are those fires where one or more fatalities occur. This report focuses on the characteristics of civilian fire fatalities (e.g., gender, race and age of the victim; activity prior to death) in residential buildings as opposed to the characteristics of the fires (e.g., fire spread, factors contributing to ignition, alerting/suppression systems) from which these fatalities occurred. For the purpose of this report, the term 'residential building fires' is synonymous with 'residential fires.' The term 'residential fires' is used throughout the body of this report; the findings, tables, charts, headings and endnotes reflect the full category 'fires in residential buildings' or 'residential building fires.'"
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2014-08
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Nonresidential Building Fires (2009-2011)
"From 2009 to 2011, fire departments responded to an estimated 86,500 fires in nonresidential buildings each year across the nation. These fires resulted in an annual average of 85 deaths, 1,325 injuries, and $2.6 billion in property losses. Although national estimates for 2009 to 2011 show that nonresidential building fires represented only 6 percent of all reported fires, 3 percent of fire deaths and 8 percent of fire injuries, they accounted for 22 percent of the total dollar loss from all fires. Nonresidential building fires can also have a significant economic impact on a community as they may lead to lost jobs and closed businesses. In addition, because many nonresidential buildings are places where a large number of people gather, they hold the greatest potential for a mass casualty incident to occur. 'Nonresidential buildings,' a subset of nonresidential structures, includes enclosed structures and fixed portable or mobile structures. The majority of nonresidential fires, deaths and injuries occur in buildings, and that is where prevention efforts are most often targeted. Specifically, nonresidential buildings include assembly places; eating and drinking establishments; educational and institutional facilities; stores and offices; detached garages; basic industry facilities; manufacturing facilities; storage facilities; as well as outside and other miscellaneous nonresidential buildings. They also include institutions such as prisons, nursing homes, juvenile care facilities and hospitals, though many people may temporarily reside there for short (or long) periods of time."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2013-06
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Residential Building Fires (2010-2012)
"'These topical reports are designed to explore facets of the U.S. fire problem as depicted through data collected in the U.S. Fire Administration's National Fire Incident Reporting System. Each topical report briefly addresses the nature of the specific fire or fire-related topic, highlights important findings from the data, and may suggest other resources to consider for further information. Also included are recent examples of fire incidents that demonstrate some of the issues addressed in the report or that put the report topic in context. […] As part of a series of topical reports that address fires in types of residential buildings, this report addresses the characteristics of all residential building fires, as reported to the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS). The focus is on fires reported from 2010 to 2012, the most recent data available at the time of the analysis. NFIRS data is used for the analyses throughout this report. For the purpose of this report, the term 'residential fires' is synonymous with 'residential building fires.' 'Residential fires' is used throughout the body of this report; the findings, tables, charts, headings and endnotes reflect the full category, 'residential building fires.'"
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2014-09
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Civilian Fire Injuries in Residential Buildings (2010-2012)
"From 2010 to 2012, civilian fire injuries in residential buildings accounted for 78 percent of all fire injuries. This topical fire report focuses on the characteristics of these injuries as reported to the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) from 2010 to 2012. NFIRS data is used for the analyses presented throughout this report. Civilian fire injuries by definition involve people not on active duty with a firefighting organization who are injured as a result of a fire. These injuries generally occur from activities of fire control, escaping from the dangers of fire, or sleeping. Fires resulting in injuries are those fires where one or more injuries occur. Annually, from 2010 to 2012, an estimated 13,400 civilian fire injuries resulted from an estimated 8,300 residential building fires resulting in injuries and 366,900 total residential building fires. In fact, every 39 minutes, someone is injured in a residential building fire. For the purpose of this report, the term 'residential building fires resulting in injuries' is synonymous with 'residential fires resulting in injuries,' and 'residential building fires' is synonymous with 'residential fires.' The term 'residential fires resulting in injuries' is used throughout the body of this report; the findings, tables, charts, headings and endnotes reflect the full category, 'residential building fires resulting in injuries.'"
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2014-10
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EMS prehospital documentation accuracy: Can body-worn cameras help?
"This article discusses the results of a pilot study where EMS [Emergency Medical Services] providers used body-worn cameras (BWCs) to see if they could help to improve the accuracy of their prehospital documentation."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
2018-05-14
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Minimum Standards on Structural FF Protective Clothing and Equipment: A Guide for Fire Service Education and Procurement
"This guide is intended to help fire fighters understand the various standards for protective clothing and equipment used in structural fire fighting. It begins with a description of the hazards encountered in structural fire fighting such as fire contact, radiant heat, physical hazards, and heat stress. [...] The standards described in this guide are those that existed at the time it was written or those proposed for adoption in 1993."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
1992-12
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$15 Million Sight and Sound Theater Fire and Building Collapse Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
This technical report series looks at the fire and building collapse of the seven year old Sight and Sound Theater in Lancaster, PA. This report focuses on the absence of fire protection features that could have assisted in saving the structure and reducing damage.
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
1997-01
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St. George Hotel Complex 16 Alarm Fire
"More than 700 firefighters operating over 100 pieces of firefighting apparatus were needed to control a fire that involved several large interconnected buildings in a crowded neighborhood in Brooklyn, New York on August 26, 1995. The complex of buildings was known as the St. George Hotel. It was the largest fire in New York City in more than twenty years, and one of the largest in the city's history."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
Howell, Scott M.
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Residential Fire Sprinklers Retrofit Demonstration Project Phase I: Multi-Family Structures
"The United States Fire Administration's (USFA) goal is to reduce the number of fire deaths and injuries occurring annually in the U.S., particularly among those populations that face disproportionately high risk of death due to fire. They include children, minorities, the elderly, and handicapped persons. The USFA believes that the total number of fire deaths and injuries can be substantially reduced through the application of residential fire suppression systems (including fire sprinklers) in dwellings of all types. Thus, quick response fire sprinkler systems, state-of-the-art in residential fire suppression technology, were the focus of a research partnership between the USFA, the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and the NAHB National Research Center (Research Center). The goal of the two-phase program was to investigate and document the technical and administrative barriers to retrofitting fire suppression systems in existing buildings that house the targeted groups; and, to contribute to other research on the technical, economic, and policy issues surrounding residential fire suppression."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1989-06-09
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Get Out and Stay Alive: A Program for College Campus and Student Fire Safety
A fire safety brochure for students attending colleges and universities. This publication references recent life loss fires on college campuses throughout the United States.
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2005-04-05?
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Fire at Watts Bar Hydroelectric Plant - Rhea County, Tennessee
This technical report series looks at a fire at the Watts Bar hydroelectric plant in Rhea County, TN. Although many people perceive a steel and concrete structure as not being a fire risk, this fire illustrated once again that a fire in an electrical system can quickly be life-threatening, regardless of the structure type.
United States. Office of Homeland Security; United States Fire Administration
Roberson, Jennifer L.; Stambaugh, Hollis
2002-09
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Multifamily Residential Building Fires (2011-2013)
"'These topical reports are designed to explore facets of the U.S. fire problem as depicted through data collected in the U.S. Fire Administration's National Fire Incident Reporting System. Each topical report briefly addresses the nature of the specific fire or fire-related topic, highlights important findings from the data, and may suggest other resources to consider for further information. Also included are recent examples of fire incidents that demonstrate some of the issues addressed in the report or that put the report topic in context. […] From 2011 to 2013, multifamily residential building fires accounted for an annual estimated 106,000 reported fires. These fires accounted for 28 percent of all residential building fires responded to by fire departments across the nation. These fires resulted in an annual average of 395 deaths, 4,250 injuries, and 1.3 billion dollars in property loss. Multifamily residential buildings include structures such as apartments, town houses, row houses, condominiums, and other tenement properties. Multifamily residential buildings tend to have stricter building codes than one- and two-family buildings. Many multifamily residential buildings are rental properties, and they are usually required to comply with more stringent fire prevention statutes and regulations involving smoke alarms and sprinkler systems."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2015-07
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Residential Building Fires (2009-2011)
"From 2009 to 2011, fire departments responded to an estimated 360,900 fires in residential buildings each year across the nation. These fires resulted in an annual average of 2,495 deaths, 13,250 injuries and $7 billion in property losses. The residential building portion of the fire problem is of great national importance as it accounts for the vast majority of civilian casualties. National estimates for 2009--2011 show that 82 percent of all fire deaths and 76 percent of all fire injuries occurred in residential buildings. In addition, residential building fires accounted for over half (58 percent) of the total dollar loss from all fires."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2013-05
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Residential Building Electrical Fires (2009-2011)
"These topical reports are designed to explore facets of the U.S. fire problem as depicted through data collected in the U.S. Fire Administration's (USFA's) National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS). Each topical report briefly addresses the nature of the specific fire or fire-related topic, highlights important findings from the data, and may suggest other resources to consider for further information. Also included are recent examples of fire incidents that demonstrate some of the issues addressed in the report or that put the report topic in context. [...] This topical report addresses the characteristics of electrical fires in residential buildings as reported to the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) from 2009 to 2011. The NFIRS data are used for the analyses presented throughout the report. For the purpose of the report, the terms 'resi¬dential fires,' 'electrical fires,' and 'nonelectrical fires' are synonymous with 'residential building fires,' 'residential building electrical fires' and 'residential building nonelec¬trical fires' respectively. 'Electrical fires' is used throughout the body of this report; the findings, tables, charts, head¬ings and endnotes reflect the full category, 'residential building electrical fires.'"
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
2014-03
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Topical Fire Report Series, Volume 12, Issue 9: University Housing Fires (2007-2009)
"These topical reports are designed to, explore facets of the U.S. fire problem as depicted through data collected in the U.S. Fire Administration's (USFA's) National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS). Each topical report briefly addresses the nature of the specific fire or fire-related topic, highlights important findings from the data, and may suggest other resources to consider for further information. Also included are recent examples of fire incidents, that demonstrate some of the issues, addressed in the report or that put the, report topic in context."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2011-08-01
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Trends and Hazards in Firefighter Training
"This report examines recent injurious and fatal incidents involving training to determine lessons that can be used to prevent future injuries and deaths. Also included is a discussion of training standards and common hazards as well as a brief analysis of the available data on the number and cause of training-related injuries and deaths."
United States. Office of Homeland Security; United States Fire Administration
Thiel, Adam K.; Stern, Jeff; Kimball, John . . .
2003-05
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Civilian Fire Injuries in Residential Buildings (2012-2014)
"Fires can strike anywhere -- in structures, buildings, automobiles and the outdoors. Fires that affect our homes are often the most tragic and the most preventable. While the loss of our possessions can be upsetting, often far more devastating are the physical injuries and psychological impact that fires can inflict on our lives. It is a sad fact that each year, over 70 percent of all civilian fire injuries occurred as a result of fires in residential buildings -- our homes. From 2012 to 2014, 78 percent of all civilian fire injuries occurred in residential buildings. This topical fire report focuses on the characteristics of these injuries as reported to the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) from 2012 to 2014. NFIRS data is used for the analyses presented throughout this report."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2016-07
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Fire-Related Firefighter Injuries Reported to the National Fire Incident Reporting System (2012-2014)
"Every occupation brings degrees of safety risk. At the fire scene, on the way to or from a fire, or while training, firefighters face the chance of suffering an injury and possibly death. Each year, tens of thousands of firefighters are injured while fighting fires, rescuing people, responding to emergency medical and hazardous material incidents, or training for their job. Annually, from 2012 to 2014, there were an estimated 66,200 firefighter injuries resulting from all types of fire department duties. Of these injuries, 29,425 occurred on the fireground or were considered to be fire-related (includes structure fires, vehicle fires, outside fires, etc.). An additional 4,125 injuries occurred while responding to or returning from an incident, which includes, but is not limited to, fires. While the majority of injuries are minor, a significant number are debilitating and career-ending. Such injuries exact a great toll on the fabric of the fire service."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2016-08
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Nursing Home Fires (2012-2014)
"For each year from 2012 to 2014, an estimated 5,700 medical facility fires were reported to fire departments in the United States. Nearly half of those, 2,700 fires, were in nursing homes. It is estimated that these fires caused fewer than five deaths, 125 injuries and $13 million in property loss per year."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
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Electronic Cigarette Fires and Explosions in the United States 2009 - 2016
"This report is an update to the report 'Electronic Cigarette Fires and Explosions' published by the U.S. Fire Administration (USFA) in October 2014. Data on electronic cigarette incidents that occurred in the U.S. between September 2014 and December 2016 have been added to the data reported in the previous report for this analysis. Any additional incidents that occurred prior to September 2014 and discovered during this literature survey were included in the data reported herein. A considerable number of incidents and severe injuries is reported, as well as the revelation of a previously unrecognized hazardous condition -- electronic cigarette and battery explosions in pockets."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
McKenna, Lawrence A., Jr.
2017-07
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Heating Fires in Residential Buildings (2013-2015)
"Each year, from 2013 to 2015, an estimated average of 45,900 heating fires in residential buildings occurred in the U.S. and resulted in an annual average of 205 deaths, 725 injuries, and $506 million in property loss. The term 'heating fires' applies to those fires that are caused by central heating units, fixed or portable local heating units, fireplaces, heating stoves, chimneys and water heaters. Previously, especially during the late 1970s and early 1980s, heating was, by far, the leading cause of residential building fires. Stimulated in part by an energy shortage, this surge in heating fires was the result of the sudden increased use of alternative heating, particularly wood heating stoves and space heaters. Since then, the overall number of heating fires has substantially decreased. In 1983, there were 200,000 heating fires, but by 2015, that number had fallen to an estimated 41,200 (Table 1). Despite this decline, from 2013 to 2015, heating remained the second-leading cause and accounted for 12 percent of all residential building fires responded to by fire departments across the nation."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
2017-10
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Portable Heater Fires in Residential Buildings (2013-2015)
"Each year, from 2013 to 2015, portable heater fires in residential buildings -- a subset of heating fires in residential buildings -- accounted for an estimated average of 1,650 fires in the U.S. These fires resulted in an annual average of 90 deaths, 175 injuries, and $84 million in property loss. The term 'portable heater fires' applies to those fires that are caused by catalytic heaters, oil-filled heaters, or other heaters, such as electric heaters, that are designed to be carried or moved for use in a variety of locations. Portable heaters are a subset of space heaters -- small heaters designed to heat specific areas or rooms of a building. While portable heater fires in residential buildings were small in number, representing only 4 percent of all heating fires in residential buildings, their consequences were substantial: they accounted for 43 percent of fatal heating fires in residential buildings. Moreover, many of these fires were preventable, as human error was a contributing factor to the fire. For example, placing the heater too close to combustible items or leaving the heater unattended."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
2017-10
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Vacant Residential Building Fires (2013-2015)
"From 2013 to 2015, an estimated 23,800 vacant residential building fires were reported annually in the U.S. Vacant residential building fires are considered part of the residential fire problem, accounting for 6 percent of all residential building fires, resulting in an estimated 75 deaths, 200 injuries and $785 million in property loss each year. [...] The surrounding nonvacant properties are also at risk when vacant residential buildings catch fire. It typically takes longer for vacant residential building fires to be detected, as there are no occupants to be alerted by the smell or sound of the fires or to respond to an alarm. Thus, the property loss is greater. In addition, if the fire has been intentionally set, especially with multiple ignition points, the damage can be greater, placing the lives of more individuals -- firefighters, adjacent residents, and any squatters -- in danger. Fires in vacant residential buildings have become an even greater issue over the past decade."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2018-01
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School Building Fires (2009-2011)
"School building fires are a subset of school property fires (i.e., school structure fires). School property fires may include structure fires; vehicle and outside fires that occur outdoors on school property; and other, miscellaneous fires. It is important to note that not all structures on school properties are necessarily school buildings. For example, other structures on school properties may include maintenance buildings or playground structures. This report includes brief background information on all school property fires, with the focus of the report on school building fires."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
2014-04
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Fires and Exposures
"Exposures are defined as anything in the immediate range of a fire that is not burning but could start burning if the fire is not contained. When enough oxygen is available, combustible material burns once its temperature reaches its ignition temperature. Preventing exposure fires requires protecting the objects from heat spread and thus from reaching their ignition temperatures. This is one of the most critical jobs in firefighting, as protecting exposures helps contain the fire and prevents fire spread. After rescuing individuals, protection of exposures is the highest priority for firefighters. Exposures can be internal or external. Internal exposures are within the property, such as a room or floor of a building. External exposures include other buildings, vehicles, and outside objects or vegetation such as trash, dumpsters, trees, or crops. External exposures are typically known as 'exposure fires.' These exposure fires and the source fires that cause them are the topic of this report."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
2007-08
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One- and Two-Family Residential Building Fires (2012-2014)
"From 2012 to 2014, fire departments responded to an estimated 243,800 fires in one- and two-family residences each year across the nation. These fires resulted in an annual average of 2,110 deaths, 7,950 injuries, and 5.4 billion dollars in property loss. One- and two-family residential building fires accounted for 65 percent of all residential building fires and dominated the overall residential building fire profile. One- and two-family residential buildings include detached dwellings, manufactured homes, mobile homes not in transit, and duplexes. From 2012 to 2014, 68 percent of all fire deaths in the nation occurred in one- and two-family dwellings. Because these fatalities occurred throughout the year and all over the country, they often did not make national headlines. Nevertheless, fire deaths in one- and two-family dwellings accounted for far more deaths in most years than all natural disasters combined."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2016-06
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Residential Building Fires (2012-2014)
"From 2012 to 2014, fire departments responded to an estimated 377,900 fires in residential buildings each year across the nation. These fires resulted in an annual average of 2,635 deaths, 12,525 injuries, and $7.1 billion in property loss. The residential building portion of the fire problem is of great national importance, as it accounts for the vast majority of civilian casualties. National estimates for 2012-2014 show that 84 percent of all fire deaths and 78 percent of all fire injuries occurred in residential buildings. In addition, residential building fires accounted for over half (59 percent) of the total dollar loss from all fires."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2016-06
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Multifamily Residential Building Fires (2012-2014)
"From 2012 to 2014, multifamily residential building fires accounted for an annual estimated 108,000 reported fires. These fires accounted for 29 percent of all residential building fires responded to by fire departments across the nation. These fires resulted in an annual average of 410 deaths, 4,125 injuries, and 1.3 billion dollars in property loss. Multifamily residential buildings include structures such as apartments, town houses, row houses, condominiums, and other tenement properties. Multifamily residential buildings tend to have stricter building codes than one and two-family buildings. Many multifamily residential buildings are rental properties, and they are usually required to comply with more stringent fire prevention statutes and regulations involving smoke alarms and sprinkler systems."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2016-06
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Topical Fire Report Series: Civilian Fire Fatalities in Residential Buildings (2013-2015)
"Fires can strike anywhere -- in structures, buildings, automobiles and the outdoors. Fires that affect our homes are often the most tragic and the most preventable. It is a sad fact that each year, over 75 percent of all civilian fire fatalities occurred as a result of fires in residential buildings -- our homes. From 2013 to 2015, civilian fire fatalities in residential buildings accounted for 83 percent of all fire fatalities. This topical fire report focuses on the characteristics of these fatalities as reported to the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) from 2013 to 2015. NFIRS data is used for the analyses presented throughout this report. By definition, civilian fire fatalities involve people not on active duty with a firefighting organization who die as a result of a fire. These fatalities generally occur when an individual is escaping, sleeping or unable to act during a fire. Annually, from 2013 to 2015, an estimated 2,695 civilian fire fatalities resulted from 1,800 fatal fires in residential buildings and an estimated 380,200 residential building fires. Fatal fires are those fires where one or more fatalities occur. This report focuses on the characteristics of civilian fire fatalities (e.g., gender, race and age of the victim; activity prior to death) in residential buildings as opposed to the characteristics of the fires (e.g., fire spread, factors contributing to ignition, alerting/suppression systems) from which these fatalities occurred."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
2017-07
