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Fire and Emergency Medical Services Ergonomics: A Guide for Understanding and Implementing An Ergonomics Program in Your Department
Details ways local fire and rescue departments can develop or enhance effective programs designed to avoid or minimize injuries that are common in the workplace.
United States Fire Administration
1996-03
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Campaign Guide: A Fire Safety Campaign for People 50-Plus
"A Fire Safety Campaign for People 50-Plus' encourages people ages 50 and older - including the high risk 65-plus group - to practice fire-safe behaviors to reduce fire deaths and injuries. The strategy is to inform and motivate adults as they enter their fifties so that stronger fire safety and prevention practices are integrated into their lives prior to entering the higher fire-risk decades. In addition, many Baby Boomers are currently caring for family members ages 65-plus and can encourage fire safe habits."
United States Fire Administration
2004-08
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Home Fire Safety Coloring Book (English/Spanish)
Four fire safety-related pictures for children to color.
United States Fire Administration
1997-09-16?
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Hazardous Materials and Terrorist Response Planning: Curriculum Guidelines
"The Planning Curriculum Guidelines are intended to assist public sector training managers and employers to understand the requirements for training public sector personnel involved in planning for hazardous materials and terrorist emergencies. Existing regulatory requirements are defined, and training recommendations are offered to help public sector training mangers improve the quality and effectiveness of hazardous materials and terrorist incident response planning."
United States Fire Administration
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Fire Safe and Sound: A Fire Safety Factsheet for the Deaf or Hard of Hearing
"here are 11 million deaf or hard of hearing Americans who are unable to rely on the lifesaving warning sound of a working smoke alarm to alert them of fire. It is crucial that this audience is aware of the availability of flashing or vibrating smoke alarms, and the importance of proper escape planning. The U. S. Fire Administration (USFA), a part of the U. S. Department of Homeland Security, encourages the hearing impaired population to practice the following precautionary steps."
United States Fire Administration
2006-03
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Special Report: The Aftermath of Firefighter Fatality Incidents: Preparing for the Worst
The goal of this report is to provide useful information to fire departments and firefighters that may help in dealing with the consequences of such a tragedy.
United States Fire Administration
1998-09-01?
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Industrial Silo Fire and Explosion
"On December 21, 1997, three volunteer firefighters from Iredell County, North Carolina were injured in an explosion in a silo used to collect and store wood waste for utilization as fuel at a cord reel manufacturing facility. The silo was an agricultural type that had been converted for use as a collector for sawdust. The structure had been the site of a minor explosion five years previously that had caused no injury. The firefighters had been directing water into the silo for over two hours from openings in the silo roof when the decision was made to access the wood product inside. A loud, low order explosion destroyed the top of the silo and endangered the firefighters who had been operating on the roof. The explosion buffeted personnel operating on the ground as well."
United States Fire Administration
1997-12
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Arson Prosecution: Issues and Strategies
"This document is intended to provide concise practical and technical guidance on arson prosecution. It draws heavily on state arson prosecutors' guides and other literature. This overview is especially beneficial to arson investigators, prosecutors, law enforcement personnel, and judges."
United States Fire Administration
1988-06
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United States Fire Administration Technical Report Series: Fire and Explosion at Rocket Fuel Plant - Henderson, Nevada
Interagency coordination between fire, police and other agencies and successful triage are discussed in this report.
United States Fire Administration
Routley, J. Gordon
1988?
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View of Management in Fire Investigation Units: Issues and Trends for the 90s (Volume I)
"Ten years ago the U.S. Fire Administration and other federal agencies identified and promoted a special concept in investigating fires and controlling arson: the Arson Strike Force (or Fire Investigation Unit). Some communities called it an arson squad; others added citizen representatives, expanded the mission to include prevention, and called the group an arson task force. The core unit, however, was a team of fire and police investigators who brought their respective expertise to the job of identifying incendiary fires and bringing arsonists to justice. Since the passage of time had seena drop in the federal monies available to encourage local joint police/fire investigation units, USFA [U.S. Fire Administration] wanted to find out how mainstream units were faring, to what extent the bi-agency approach was in use, and how well investigation units were being managed."
United States Fire Administration
1990-03
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Special Report: Rail Emergencies
"The purpose of this Special Report is to identify the challenges to strategic planning and tactical operations in the area of rail transportation emergencies and to provide planning suggestions for fire and rescue departments. While this report addresses operations at all types of rail systems; (inter state, inter city, urban commuter, and both privately and publicly operated), the focus is mainly on the emergency response issues pertaining to passenger rail emergencies and the rescue and patient care missions. Hazardous materials are addressed only as a component of response planning. Significant incidents over a 12-year period are reviewed and discussed. The report can serve as a planning resource document for the development of training scenarios, or can be reviewed as basic background research."
United States Fire Administration
2003-02
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United States Fire Administration Technical Report Series: Massive Leak of Liquified Chlorine Gas Henderson, Nevada
A massive leak of chlorine gas sent over 200 persons to a local hospital and required the evacuation of an estimated 2,400 people.
United States Fire Administration
Routley, J. Gordon
1991-05?
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Rural Arson Control
This document identifies and discusses twenty-two needs statements about rural arson control, covering such issues as equipment, reporting, and incident management.
United States Fire Administration
1989-02
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Retention & Recruitment for the Volunteer Emergency Services: Challenges & Solutions (Second Edition)
This document examines the current recruitment and retention problems that exist within the field of volunteer emergency services.
United States Fire Administration
2006-12-01?
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Guide to Managing an Emergency Service Infection Control Program
This guide takes a step-by-step approach to designing, implementing, managing, and evaluating an EMS infection control program.
United States Fire Administration
2002
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Portable Heater Fires in Residential Buildings (2008-2010)
From the document: "From 2008 to 2010, portable heater fires in residential buildings--a subset of heating fires in residential buildings--accounted for an estimated average of 900 fires in the United States each year. These fires resulted in an annual average of approximately 70 deaths, 150 injuries, and $53 million in property loss. The term 'portable heater fires' applies to those fires that are caused by catalytic heaters, oil-filled heaters, or other heaters that are designed to be carried or moved for use in a variety of locations. Portable heaters are a subset of space heaters--small heaters designed to heat specific areas or rooms of a building. While portable heater fires in residential buildings were small in number, representing only 2 percent of all heating fires in residential buildings, their consequences were substantial: they accounted for 45 percent of fatal heating fires in residential buildings. Moreover, many of these fires were preventable as human error--placing the heater too close to combustible items or leaving the heater unattended--was a contributing factor to the fire. This topical report addresses the characteristics of portable heater fires in residential buildings reported to the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) from 2008 to 2010. For a broader overview of heating fires, see the companion topical report, 'Heating Fires in Residential Buildings (2008-2010)' (Volume 13, Issue 8). For the purpose of this report, the term 'portable heater fires' is synonymous with 'portable heater fires in residential buildings.' 'Portable heater fires' is used throughout the body of this report; the findings, tables, charts, headings, and footnotes reflect the full category, 'portable heater fires in residential buildings.'"
United States Fire Administration
2012-09
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Cooking Fires in Residential Buildings (2008-2010)
"From 2008 to 2010, an estimated average of 164,500 cooking fires in residential buildings occurred in the United States each year and resulted in an estimated annual average of 110 deaths, 3,525 injuries, and $309 million in property loss. The term cooking fires includes those fires that were caused by stoves, ovens, fixed and portable warming units, deep fat fryers, and open grills, as well as those fires that are confined to the cooking vessel. From 2008 to 2010, cooking was, by far, the leading cause of all residential building fires and accounted for 45 percent of all residential building fires responded to by fire departments across the nation. Additionally, cooking was the leading cause of all residential building fire injuries. Annual estimates of residential building cooking fires and their associated losses for 2008 to 2010 are presented in Table 1.6"
United States Fire Administration
2013-01
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Coffee Break Training - Hazardous Materials: Aboveground Flammable and Combustible Liquid Tank Emergency Venting - Part 6: Wetted Area and Vent Capacity
This Coffee Break Training is part 6 in a series which describes how to handle an aboveground flammable and combustible liquid tank emergency. Included in this document is a chart which describes the minimum ventilation required through normal and emergency vents. "Where atmospheric, aboveground flammable and combustible liquid storage tanks rely solely on pressure-relieving devices for emergency venting, the vent capacity is based on the tank's wetted area. (See Coffee Break Training FP-2013-4 for an explanation of wetted area.) The combined air flow capacity of the normal and emergency vents is measured in cubic feet per hour […] of free flowing air through the venting assemblies. Once the wetted area is determined, minimum air flow volumes are found in the following table from National Fire Protection Association 30, 'Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code'."
United States Fire Administration
2013-02-05
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Coffee Break Training: Hazardous Materials: Aboveground Flammable and Combustible Liquid Tank Emergency Venting - Part 8: Venting for Pressure Tanks
"Flammable liquid storage tanks that operate at gauge pressures above 1 psig (6.9 kPa) are considered either low pressure or pressure vessels. (See Coffee Break Training FP-2013-1 for a definition.) In those cases where liquids are stored above ambient pressure, additional attention must be paid to the emergency venting requirements. The vent designer has three options -- depending upon tank size -- when venting is provided by combined normal and emergency vents: 1. If the wetted area of the vessel does not exceed 2,800 feet^2 (260 m^2), the 'Wetted Area vs. Cubic Feet Free Air Per Hour' table displayed in Coffee Break Training FP-2013-6 may be employed. 2. If the wetted area of the vessel equals or exceeds 2,800 feet^2 (260 m^2), the 'Wetted Area vs. Cubic Feet Free Air Per Hour' table displayed below may be used to establish vent requirements."
United States Fire Administration
2013-02-19
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Coffee Break Training: Hazardous Materials: Aboveground Flammable and Combustible Liquid Tank Emergency Venting - Part 4: Wetted Area
"Atmospheric, aboveground flammable and combustible liquid storage tanks that rely solely on pressure-relieving devices for emergency venting must have normal and emergency vents capable of preventing the rupture of the shell or bottom of a vertical tank or the shell or ends of a horizontal tank. An aboveground tank is one that is installed above grade, at grade or below grade without backfill, leaving its exterior surfaces exposed to the atmosphere. The combined air flow capacity of the normal and emergency vents is measured in cubic feet per hour (m3/hour) of free flowing air through the venting assemblies. The minimum air flow is derived from the 'wetted area' of a storage tank, which is the surface area of the tank that normally is in contact with the liquid contents. Once the wetted area is established, minimum air flow volumes are found in a table in National Fire Protection Association [NFPA] 30, 'Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code'. To calculate the wetted area, NFPA 30 measures it as a portion of the entire tank external surface area that is exposed to the atmosphere."
United States Fire Administration
2013-01-22
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Coffee Break Training: Emergency Responder Training
"Each year, around 100 firefighters die, and tens of thousands are injured in the line of duty. Firefighters must receive training in order to learn how to do their jobs safely. Training should be considered a privilege, as it prepares firefighters to serve the public they protect and to protect each other from serious injury or death. The most common areas of training for departments staffed with volunteers include new member orientation, basic firefighting training skills, and officer training. Firefighters may be required to obtain training in hazardous materials awareness and identification. Depending upon the services the fire department provides, recruits may be expected to complete some level of emergency medical training."
United States Fire Administration
2013-02-21
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Coffee Break Training: National Fire Academy Course Helps You Relieve Your Struggling
"At home or at work, we often find ourselves struggling and needing help. Every individual at some point in his or her life encounters stressors. When these stressors come into our lives, we need to be able to recognize them, identify where they originate, and whenever possible communicate effectively with people to reduce or even hopefully eliminate stressors completely. The NFA [National Fire Administration] course 'Effective Leadership Skills for Fire and EMS [Emergency Management Services] Organizations' can help you with all of these issues. The course initially focuses on your personal strengths and weaknesses. It then identifies the stressors in your life -- some that are potentially reversible. Through instruction on communication, coaching and mentoring, it teaches you how to work through these stressors -- in particular those in the work setting -- and get on a more even keel with your co-workers. Lastly, it teaches you how to identify the various generational mindsets and personality traits you will find in your workplace and how to best manage them through positive input and appropriate direction."
United States Fire Administration
2013-01-23
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Coffee Break Training: Hazardous Materials: Aboveground Flammable and Combustible Liquid Tank Emergency Venting - Part 5: Calculating Wetted Area
"Last week's Coffee Break Training FP-2013-4 explained the principle of wetted area for measuring emergency venting for atmospheric pressure flammable and combustible liquid storage tanks that rely solely on pressure-relieving devices for emergency venting. (NOTE: Aboveground tanks operating at a gauge pressure of more than 1 pound per square inch (6.9 kPa) employ different guidelines.) Once a tank's wetted area is established, the required emergency ventilation capacity can be determined from a table in National Fire Protection Association 30, 'Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code'. Here we reprint the table for adjusting surface area based on a tank's shape".
United States Fire Administration
2013-01-29
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Coffee Break Training: What Does It Mean to Exercise Leadership?
"James McGregor Burns once wrote that 'there are as many definitions of leadership as there are individuals who would care to define it.' Burns was reminding us that leading or leadership has so many different meanings to so many people because of the very interpretations and applications that provide guidance but also result in confusion. This brief training component is an effort to provide a few foundational elements that are anchors within the Executive Fire Officer Program."
United States Fire Administration
2013-01-24
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Coffee Break Training: Emergency Medical Services Program at the National Fire Academy
"The 2008 Reauthorization of the U.S. Fire Administration added 'advanced emergency medical services [EMS] training' to the list of topics that the National Fire Academy [NFA] shall provide. Since that time, the NFA has evaluated the EMS courses that already existed, gathered input from across the nation and began developing new courses. Recently, the following courses have become available."
United States Fire Administration
2013-02-20
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Highway Vehicle Fires (2008-2010)
"From 2008 to 2010, an estimated 194,000 highway vehicle fires occurred in the United States each year resulting in an annual average of approximately 300 deaths, 1,250 injuries and $1.1 billion in property loss.1 These highway vehicle fires accounted for 14 percent of fires responded to by fire departments across the nation.2 Highway vehicle fires include fires in passenger road vehicles (e.g., cars, motorcycles and off-road recreational vehicles), freight road transport vehicles (e.g., dump trucks, fire apparatus and tank trucks), and agricultural and construction vehicles. This topical report addresses the characteristics of highway vehicle fires reported to the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) from 2008 to 2010."
United States Fire Administration
2013-01
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Coffee Break Training: Hazardous Materials: Aboveground Flammable and Combustible Liquid Tank Emergency Venting - Part 3: Venting Requirements
"The primary function of an emergency relief vent is to provide a controlled opening on a tank that will be large enough to prevent rupturing of the tank under severe pressure increases caused by proximity to intense fire. Dual wall tanks require two emergency vents: one for the primary tank and one for the secondary tank. The secondary emergency vent is sized to match the primary emergency vent. During fire exposure, the tank surface that is not in contact with the stored liquid eventually will heat to the point where it may fail, but it should not be an explosive rupture if the venting device works properly. Several design and equipment options exist to provide emergency vent capacity. Currently -- and for many existing installations -- National Fire Protection Association [NFPA] 30, 'Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code', allows the use of a weak roof-to-shell welded seam on vertical tanks in lieu of a vent opening. These weak seams are designed to fail prior to the tank shell when an overpressure condition occurs, allowing excess pressure to be relieved without a significant loss of liquid. American Petroleum Institute Standard 650, 'Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage', allows this design, but Underwriters Laboratories UL 142, 'Steel Aboveground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids', does not. NFPA 30 is being revised to remove the weak roof-to-shell seam design option."
United States Fire Administration
2013-01-15
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Coffee Break Training: Building Construction: Fire Effects on Steel Structures
"Steel is a formidable material for building construction. Given its relative light weight and load-carrying capacities, it can be a good value for building designers. Modern high-rise and noncombustible buildings could not exist without steel. However, when steel is not protected by fire-resisting materials, one of steel's weaknesses is its performance under fire. (See Coffee Break Training FP-2010-1 for an illustration of spray-on fire resistant materials.) Steel's strength remains essentially unchanged until about 600 F (316 C). The steel retains about 50 percent of its strength at 1,100 F (593 C) and loses all of its capacity when it melts at about 2,700 F (1,482 C). However, for design purposes, it is usually assumed that all load-carrying capacity is lost at about 2,200 F (1,204 C)."
United States Fire Administration
2012-12-11
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Coffee Break Training: Hazardous Materials: Aboveground Flammable and Combustible Liquid Tank Emergency Venting - Part 2: Tank Shapes
"Aboveground flammable and combustible liquid tanks are produced in a variety of shapes. Tanks are permitted to be of any shape, size or type consistent with sound engineering practices. They do not have to be listed by an independent testing agency. (See Coffee Break Training FP- 2010-21 for a description of 'listed' products.) The most common shapes of steel tanks are cylindrical horizontal, cylindrical vertical and rectangular. Cylindrical horizontal tanks lie on their sides in steel or concrete saddles. Cylindrical horizontal tanks offer some portability, significant capacity and with a double-walled tank meet secondary containment requirements. Cylindrical vertical tanks have the largest capacity for the required footprint, but they may require extensive external secondary containment site preparation. This includes drainage, to direct liquids away from tanks, or diking (called 'bunding' in Europe), to capture spilled liquids. Rectangular tanks have the most efficient use of space for space-restrictive applications, but they are limited in capacity. Typical applications for this style of tank are in vehicle service or industrial-type applications where space is most often the issue."
United States Fire Administration
2013-01-08
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Coffee Break Training: QR Codes: Links, Coordinates, Text and More!
"In 1994, one of the Toyota divisions in Japan created a two-dimensional bar code that could be scanned at high speeds in order to analyze their manufacturing processes. This was a departure from the traditional one-dimensional bar code, which could only be scanned by a narrow beam of light and had a severely limited storage capacity. The two-dimensional bar code can be scanned from most surfaces (computer monitors, paper, metal, clothing, etc.) by any smartphone or tablet that has a QR code scanner, several of which are easily downloaded from the devices' applications store for free. It can also contain a large amount of data such as Internet addresses, geographical locations, video trailers, information about an article of clothing, or even about the individual wearing it. QR codes can be used to identify structures, their contents, or specific locations within structures."
United States Fire Administration
2013-01-03
