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Fire Department Overall Run Profile as Reported to the National Fire Incident Reporting System (2019)
From the Document: "Topical reports are designed to explore facets of the U.S. fire problem as depicted through data collected in the U.S. Fire Administration's National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS). Each topical report briefly addresses the nature of the specific fire or fire-related topic, highlights important findings from the data, and may suggest other resources to consider for further information. [...] Fire departments provide invaluable services to communities nationwide. They respond to all types of emergency situations involving fires, explosions, rescues, medical emergencies, hazardous conditions, natural disasters and false alarms. They also respond to nonemergency service calls and good intent calls. Often, what is described to dispatchers does not reflect the actual incident type; nevertheless, fire departments are trained and prepared to respond to a wide variety of situations. To understand the fire department's full role in a community, this topical report profiles fire department run activity as reflected in the 2019 NFIRS data. In 2019, fire departments across the U.S. responded to 28,534,400 calls as reported to the NFIRS. This count reflects a 6% increase in the number of calls (26,880,800) reported to the NFIRS in 2017, the latest year in which these data were examined."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
2021-05
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Firefighter Fatalities in the United States in 2019
From the Acknowledgments: "The ultimate objective of this report's effort is to reduce the number of firefighter deaths through an increased awareness and understanding of their causes and how they can be prevented. Firefighting, rescue and other types of emergency operations are essential activities in an inherently dangerous profession, and unfortunate tragedies do occur. These are the risks that all firefighters accept every time they respond to an emergency incident. However, the risks can be greatly reduced through efforts to improve training, emergency scene operations, and firefighter health and safety."
United States Fire Administration
2020-10
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Fire and Emergency Medical Services Response to Civil Unrest
From the Document: "Civil unrest may occur as a period of social upheaval, following sporting events or during periods of heightened community tension. Fire and emergency medical services (EMS) personnel will be called to respond to these incidents, placing themselves at higher than anticipated levels of risk. The U.S. Fire Administration (USFA) and the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration (NHTSA) Office of Emergency Medical Services (OEM) worked together to compile these best practices to assist you as you respond to civil unrest incidents in your community."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
2020-06
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COVID-19: Considerations, Strategies, and Resources for Emergency Medical Services Crisis Standards of Care
From the Overview: "In response to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, emergency medical services (EMS) agencies (EMS delivery models including but not limited to; free standing, third-service; fire-based, hospital-based, private, independent, volunteer, and related emergency medical service providers) may need to adjust operations and standards of care in order to preserve and effectively allocate limited EMS and healthcare system resources in the face of overwhelming demand due to the national pandemic response. This document provides an overview of general considerations, potential strategies, and existing resources that EMS agencies may use to inform changes to their operations and standards of care."
United States Fire Administration
2020-04-25
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Information for First Responders on Maintaining Operational Capabilities During a Pandemic (Revised March 2020)
From the Executive Summary: "First responders have a critical role in prehospital emergency care and must continue to provide this essential service and fill the many emergency response roles in a community. [...] During a severe pandemic, workloads will increase, and staff sizes will diminish as employees and their families become ill or are quarantined. Contingency planning can help reduce the worst impacts; smart planning can save lives. To help with planning for the impacts of a severe pandemic, this document provides the following kinds of information for first responders: [1] Potential ways to adjust operations to maintain readiness and response. [2] Potential ways for leaders in the first responder community to plan at the local level; including a planning tool for these efforts. [3] Present out-of-the-box planning and operations concepts to drive thought and discussion. [4] Reference sheets with discipline-specific potential action steps."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2020-03
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Fire in the United States 2008-2017, 20th Edition
From the Executive Summary: "The National Fire Data Center (NFDC) of the U.S. Fire Administration (USFA) periodically publishes 'Fire in the United States,' a statistical overview of the fires in the United States, with the focus on the latest year in which data were available. This report provides the fire service and others with information that motivates corrective action, sets priorities, targets specific fire programs, serves as a model for state and local analyses of fire data, and provides a baseline for evaluating programs. [...] This 20th edition covers the 10-year period from 2008 to 2017, with a primary focus on 2017. The report addresses the overall national fire problem."
United States Fire Administration
2019-11
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Firefighter Fatalities in the United States in 2018
From the Introduction: "This report continues a series of annual studies began in 1986 by the USFA [U.S. Fire Administration] of on-duty firefighter fatalities in the U.S. The specific objective of this study is to identify all on-duty firefighter fatalities that occurred in the U.S. and its territories in 2018 and to analyze the circumstances surrounding each occurrence. The study is intended to help identify approaches that could reduce the number of firefighter deaths in future years."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Department of Homeland Security; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency . . .
2019-09
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Fire Risk in 2017
From the Document: "This topical fire report explores fire risk as it applies to fire casualties in the U.S. population and is an update to 'Fire Risk in 2016,' Volume 19, Issue 6. The focus is on how fire risk, specifically the risks of death or injury, varies with age and how other demographic factors weigh upon that risk."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2019-09
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Fire-Related Firefighter Injuries Reported to the National Fire Incident Reporting System (2015-2017)
From the Document: "Annually, from 2015 to 2017, there were an estimated 63,000 firefighter injuries resulting from all types of fire department duties. Of these injuries, 25,975 occurred on the fireground or were considered to be fire related (includes structure fires, vehicle fires, outside fires, etc.). An additional 4,525 injuries occurred while responding to or returning from an incident, which includes, but is not limited to, fires. While the majority of injuries are minor, a significant number are debilitating and career ending. These injuries exact a great toll on the fire service. [...] This topical report addresses the details of firefighter injuries sustained at, responding to or returning from a fire incident, focusing on data as reported to the NFIRS [National Fire Incident Reporting System] from 2015 to 2017, the most recent data available at the time of the analysis."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
2019-07
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Prepared and Resilient Fire and Emergency Medical Services: Strategic Plan Fiscal Years 2019-2023
From the Document: "The following pages represent the newly revised strategic plan (2019-2023) for the U.S. Fire Administration (USFA). This plan is closely aligned with the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA's) Strategic Plan and depicts our revised vision, mission, strategic goals and objectives. [...] Our strategic direction began with a review of our vision and mission. We made some adjustments focused on the future of the fire and EMS [Emergency Medical Services]. Our new vision is a 'prepared and resilient fire and Emergency Medical Services'. This is our desired outcome for the men and women who selflessly serve. We revised our mission to 'support and strengthen fire and Emergency Medical Services and stakeholders to prepare for, prevent, mitigate and respond to all hazards'. This mission elevates the opportunity to achieve our described vision."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2019-06
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Wildland Urban Interface Fire Operational Requirements and Capability Analysis: Report of Findings
From the Executive Summary: "In December of 2017, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Administrator requested the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology (S&T) research new and emerging technology that could be applied to wildland fire incident response, given the loss of life that occurred in California during the fall of 2017 in Santa Rosa and Ventura. [...] As a result, S&T formed an Integrated Project Team (IPT) and initiated the WUI [wildland urban interface] Fire Operational Requirements and Technology Capability Analysis Project. Over the course of the project, the IPT identified areas of innovation in wildland fire incident relating to wildland fire preparedness and mitigation and enhanced wildland fire suppression practices, including resistant infrastructure planning, building materials, and building codes."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Science and Technology Directorate; United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2019-05-31
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Fire Department Overall Run Profile as Reported to the National Fire Incident Reporting System (2017)
"Fire departments provide invaluable services to communities nationwide. They respond to all types of emergency situations involving fires, explosions, rescues, medical emergencies, hazardous conditions, natural disasters and false alarms. They also respond to nonemergency service calls and good intent calls. Often, what is described to dispatchers does not reflect the actual incident type; nevertheless, fire departments are trained and prepared to respond to a wide variety of situations. To understand the fire department's full role in a community, this topical report profiles fire department run activity as reflected in the 2017 NFIRS [National Fire Incident Reporting System] data. In 2017, fire departments across the U.S. responded to 26,880,800 calls as reported to the NFIRS. This count reflects a 5% increase in the number of calls reported in 2016."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
2019-05
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Emerging Health and Safety Issues Among Women in the Fire Service
From the Introduction: "For over 200 years, women have been firefighting in the United States. Stories of individual women serving in the 19th and early 20th centuries eventually grew to all-female volunteer fire companies in the 1910s. World War II led to an influx of women filling the needs of the volunteer fire service as existing male firefighters left to serve in the war. After the war, women began getting paid for their firefighting work, but it was not until the mid-1970s that women entered into career fire suppression roles. It was around this time that women began to integrate more into local fire departments and work alongside their male peers. African-American women also became career firefighters in the 1970s (Floren, 2007)."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2019-03
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Cooking Fires in Residential Buildings (2014-2016)
From the Document: "Each year, from 2014 to 2016, fire departments responded to an estimated average of 188,800 cooking fires in residential buildings across the nation. These fires resulted in an annual average of 195 deaths, 3,800 injuries and $463 million in property loss. [...] From 2014 to 2016, cooking was, by far, the leading cause of all residential building fires and accounted for 50 percent of all residential building fires responded to by fire departments across the nation. Additionally, cooking was the leading cause of all residential building fire injuries."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2018-12
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Residential Building Electrical Fires (2014-2016)
"This topical report addresses the characteristics of electrical fires in residential buildings as reported to the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) from 2014 to 2016, the most recent data available at the time of the analysis. The NFIRS data are used for the analyses presented throughout the report. For the purpose of the report, the terms 'residential fires,' 'electrical fires,' and 'nonelectrical fires' are synonymous with 'residential building fires,' 'residential building electrical fires' and 'residential building nonelectrical fires' respectively. 'Electrical fires' is used throughout the body of this report; the findings, tables, charts, headings and endnotes reflect the full category, 'residential building electrical fires.'"
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2018-12
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Winter Residential Building Fires (2014-2016)
"Each year, from 2014 to 2016, fire departments responded to an estimated 108,200 fires in residential buildings during the months of January, February and March across the nation. These fires resulted in an estimated annual average of 980 deaths, 3,575 injuries, and $1.9 billion in property loss. The residential building portion of the fire problem is of great national importance as it accounts for the vast majority of civilian casualties, and winter residential building fires account for a considerable portion of that."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2018-11
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Fire Safety for Older Adults
From the Document: "As we grow older, our bodies change. Poor eyesight, loss of hearing, arthritis, dementia and side effects from medicine can make it more difficult to react to a fire. We need to consider these changes and how they may affect our abilities. In comparison to the population at large, starting at age 65, people are twice as likely to be killed or injured by fires. This booklet is designed to help you learn about fire safety."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2018-10
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Fire Risk in 2016
"The risk of death or injury from fire is not the same for everyone. In 2016, 3,515 deaths and 14,650 injuries in the U.S. were caused by fires. These casualties were not equally distributed across the U.S. population, and the resulting risk of death or injury from fire is not uniform -- it is more severe for some groups than for others. Much can be learned from understanding why different segments of society are at a heightened risk from the fire problem. This topical fire report explores fire risk as it applies to fire casualties in the U.S. population and is an update to 'Fire Risk in 2015,' Volume 18, Issue 6. Risk is a factor, element or course of action involving uncertainty. It is an exposure to some peril, and it often implies a probability of occurrence, such as investment risk or insurance risk. In terms of the fire problem, risk is the potential for injury to or death of a person, or damage to or loss of property, as a result of fire. This topical report focuses on how fire risk, specifically the risks of death and injury, varies with age and how other demographic and socioeconomic factors weigh upon that risk."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration; National Fire Data Center (U.S.)
2018-09
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Firefighter Fatalities in the United States in 2017
"For 41 years, the U.S. Fire Administration (USFA) has tracked the number of firefighter fatalities and conducted an annual analysis. Through the collection of information on the causes of firefighter deaths, the USFA is able to focus on specific problems and direct efforts toward finding solutions to reduce the number of firefighter fatalities in the future. This information is also used to measure the effectiveness of current programs directed toward firefighter health and safety. [...] The specific objective of this study is to identify all on-duty firefighter fatalities that occurred in the U.S. and its territories in 2017 and to analyze the circumstances surrounding each occurrence. The study is intended to help identify approaches that could reduce the number of firefighter deaths in future years."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States. Department of Homeland Security . . .
2018-09
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Topical Fire Report Series, August 2018, Volume 19, Issue 5--Fire Department Overall Run Profile as Reported to the National Fire Incident Reporting System (2016)
"The findings from this issue of the Topical Fire Report Series include: [1] In 2016, fire departments responded to 25,693,300 incident calls that were reported to the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS); [2] Almost two-thirds (64 percent) of the reported calls to fire departments required Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and rescue services; [3] Only 5 percent of all reported fire department runs were fire related; [4] In 2016, fire departments responded to more severe weather calls reported on Saturdays than any other day of the week; [5] About half (52 percent) of the reported calls were to residential properties; [6] Only 3 percent of these were fire related; [7] Approximately 9 percent of reported runs involved mutual or automatic aid."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2018-08
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Firefighter Burnout and Workplace Safety
"Are firefighters who show symptoms of burnout less likely to follow safety procedures? A team of researchers recently set out to learn if burnout impacted a firefighter's ability to follow required safe work practices, care for and safely use personal protective equipment (PPE), and communicate and report safety concerns. The team also wanted to assess the direct effects that work stress and work-family conflict have on burnout."
United States Fire Administration
2018-07-26
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Nonresidential Building Fires (2014-2016)
"Each year, from 2014 to 2016, fire departments responded to an estimated 100,300 fires in nonresidential buildings across the nation. These fires resulted in an annual average of 90 deaths; 1,350 injuries; and $2.4 billion in property losses. Although national estimates for 2014 to 2016 show that nonresidential building fires represented only 8 percent of all fires, 3 percent of fire deaths and 9 percent of fire injuries, they accounted for 20 percent of the total dollar loss from all fires. Nonresidential building fires can also have a significant economic impact on a community as they may lead to lost jobs and closed businesses. In addition, because many nonresidential buildings are places where a large number of people gather, they hold the greatest potential for a mass casualty incident to occur."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2018-07
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Highway Vehicle Fires (2014-2016)
"This topical report addresses the characteristics of highway vehicle fires as reported to the U.S. Fire Administration's (USFA) National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) from 2014 to 2016, the most recent data available at the time of the analysis. NFIRS data is used for the analyses throughout this report"
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
2018-07
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Hotel and Motel Fires (2014-2016)
"While fires and fire losses still occur in hotels and motels, these changes were largely successful in reducing hotel and motel fires and losses. Each year, from 2014 to 2016, an estimated 3,900 hotel and motel fires, a subset of residential building fires, accounted for only 1 percent of the residential building fires responded to by fire departments across the nation. These fires resulted in an annual average of 15 deaths, 100 injuries, and $100 million in property losses. This report addresses the characteristics of hotel and motel fires, as reported to the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS). The focus is on fires reported from 2014 to 2016, the most recent data available at the time of the analysis. NFIRS data is used for the analyses throughout this report."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2018-07
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EMS prehospital documentation accuracy: Can body-worn cameras help?
"This article discusses the results of a pilot study where EMS [Emergency Medical Services] providers used body-worn cameras (BWCs) to see if they could help to improve the accuracy of their prehospital documentation."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
2018-05-14
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Wildland Firefighting Safe Separation Distances
"Do wildland firefighting safety zone separation distances need to be increased to reduce the risk of injury or death? A team of researchers recently examined this issue to see if current models provided the best recommendations. Study results indicate that firefighters may want to consider slight increases in separation distances."
United States Fire Administration
2018-05-10
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Transforming Cardiac Emergency Care with Drone Delivery of AEDs
"Can medical drones reduce the time to cardiac treatment by getting an automated external defibrillator (AED) into the hands of a bystander? Preliminary studies suggest that drones may make a life-saving difference in providing emergency care to cardiac arrest patients, especially those in a rural setting."
United States Fire Administration
2018-02-22
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Vacant Residential Building Fires (2013-2015)
"From 2013 to 2015, an estimated 23,800 vacant residential building fires were reported annually in the U.S. Vacant residential building fires are considered part of the residential fire problem, accounting for 6 percent of all residential building fires, resulting in an estimated 75 deaths, 200 injuries and $785 million in property loss each year. [...] The surrounding nonvacant properties are also at risk when vacant residential buildings catch fire. It typically takes longer for vacant residential building fires to be detected, as there are no occupants to be alerted by the smell or sound of the fires or to respond to an alarm. Thus, the property loss is greater. In addition, if the fire has been intentionally set, especially with multiple ignition points, the damage can be greater, placing the lives of more individuals -- firefighters, adjacent residents, and any squatters -- in danger. Fires in vacant residential buildings have become an even greater issue over the past decade."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2018-01
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Risk Management Practices in the Fire Service [January 2018]
"The probability of risk is two-pronged. It relates not only to the risk of something undesirable happening, but also to the probable outcome as rated on a scale of negative consequences. For example, based on statistical calculations, we can predict the number of traffic accidents likely to occur per million miles driven. We can also predict the number of injuries and fatalities that will come about as a result. However, such a statistics-based approach will not tell us as individuals where or when we might be involved in an accident ourselves. Those predictive statistics certainly cannot tell us if our next accident will be a fender bender in a shopping center parking lot on a sunny afternoon, or a multivehicle pileup on a dark two-lane road on a stormy night. [...] Each situation carries with it a probability of occurrence and a potential degree of harm that might result. When we subjectively weigh a risk in terms of the undesirable consequence, we might place the outcome anywhere on a scale of undesirability. In the examples above, we might measure the negative outcome in lives lost and property damage in the millions, or simply by wishing we had waited for the next elevator."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2018-01
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Fire in the United States 2006-2015
"Fire departments in the United States responded to nearly 1.3 million fire calls in 2015. The U.S. fire problem no longer ranks as the most severe of the industrialized nations, yet thousands of Americans die each year, tens of thousands of people are injured, and property losses reach billions of dollars. There are huge indirect costs of fire as well, including temporary lodging, lost business revenues, medical expenses, psychological damage, and others. To put this into context, the annual losses from floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes and other natural disasters combined in the U.S. average just a fraction of those from fires. The public, the media and local governments are generally unaware of the magnitude and seriousness of the fire problem and how it affects individuals and their families, communities and the nation."
United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2017-12
