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Capabilities and Practices of Offsite Response Organizations for Protective Actions in the Intermediate Phase of a Radiological Emergency Response
From the Abstract: "This report documents the results of a study conducted to better understand the capabilities and practices of offsite response organizations (OROs) for protective actions in the intermediate phase of a radiological emergency response. The research consisted of: [1] Interviews with state OROs regarding protective action decisions (PADs) and capabilities. [2] Review of Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) after action reports (AARs) from the Radiological Emergency Preparedness Program ingestion pathway exercises. [3] Review of a sample of state radiological emergency response plans. Nine states voluntarily participated in the interview process, including at least one state from eight of the nine FEMA regions with nuclear power plants."
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research; U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Security and Incident Response
Hoell, Douglas; Park, Thomas; Denneny, Matt
2018-06
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Inadequate Controls of Respiratory Protection Accessibility, Training, and Maintenance
From the Purpose: "The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is issuing this information notice (IN) to inform addressees of inspection findings related to weaknesses in licensee respiratory protection programs supporting emergency preparedness. Inadequate controls of accessibility, training, and maintenance of self-contained breathing apparatuses (SCBAs) has led to numerous violations since 2001. Specifically, this IN intends to inform licensees of the importance of having adequate procedures to properly implement and maintain an effective respiratory protection program The NRC expects that recipients will review the information for applicability to their facilities and consider actions, as appropriate, to avoid similar problems. However, suggestions contained in this information notice do not constitute NRC requirements; therefore, no specific action or written response is required."
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Security and Incident Response; U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation; U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards . . .
2014-12-01
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Developing an Emergency Risk Communication (ERC)/Joint Information Center (JIC) Plan for a Radiological Emergency
"This document provides guidance for nuclear power plant licensees and emergency response organizations on developing an Emergency Risk Communication (ERC) and Joint Information Center (JIC) plan for a radiological emergency. The purpose of an ERC/JIC plan is to ensure the delivery of understandable, timely, accurate, consistent, and credible information to the public, the media, and other stakeholders during a radiological emergency. This document contains sample statements for use or adaptation by commercial nuclear power plant licensees and response organizations in developing their own emergency risk communication plan. The sample statements may also be used by other entities needing to manage radiological emergencies, such as research reactors, radiopharmaceutical manufacturers, and emergency response organizations and officials. The document expands on the guidance provided in other guidance documents for radiological emergencies, such as NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-1 ('Criteria for Preparation and Evaluation of Radiological Emergency Response Plans and Preparedness in Support of Nuclear Power Plants')."
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Security and Incident Response
Covello, V.T.
2011-02
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Assessment of Emergency Response Planning and Implementation for Large Scale Evacuations
"Evacuation is a key protective action element in the emergency preparedness plans for nuclear power plants (NPPs). Following the devastating hurricane season of 2005, the nation recognized the need to review emergency response planning. The NRC [Nuclear Regulatory Commission] has sponsored this study to assess Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma, as well as other large scale evacuations from which lessons learned may further enhance the emergency preparedness program for radiological emergencies at NPPs. Evacuations related to these incidents have brought to light issues that have not been previously encountered during large scale evacuations. The knowledge gained from studying 11 large scale evacuations is used to determine if the emergency planning activities were effective in managing the response effort. The 11 incidents covered wide geographical areas and affected 14 NPP Emergency Planning Zones (EPZs). None of the evacuations were related to the NPPs. Discussions with emergency response personnel confirmed that response to many of these incidents benefitted from the use of some of the emergency planning elements developed for the EPZs. Research of evacuations such as these provides an opportunity to understand contributing factors that support the effectiveness of emergency response activities. A key finding of this study is that emergency planning for NPPs has substantially anticipated and addressed the issues identified in the large scale evacuations researched. Insights and lessons learned are identified, and suggestions are provided for possible enhancements to the NRC and FEMA [Federal Emergency Management Agency] emergency preparedness program."
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Security and Incident Response
Jones, J. A.; Walton, F.; Smith, J. D.
2008-10
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Identification and Analysis of Factors Affecting Emergency Evacuations - Main Report
This study examines the efficiency and effectiveness of public evacuations of 1,000 or more people, in response to natural disasters, technological hazards, and malevolent acts, occurring in the United States between January 1, 1990, and June 30, 2003. A universe of 230 evacuation incidents was identified and a subset of 50 incidents was selected for case study analysis. Case study selection was based on a profiling and ranking scheme designed to identify evacuation incidents of sufficient complexity to challenge the local and regional emergency response capabilities. This volume is accompanied by appendices that detail each of the selected case studies.
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Security and Incident Response
Dotson, L. J.; Jones, J.
2005-01
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Development of Evacuation Time Estimate Studies for Nuclear Power Plants
"Since the publication of NUREG/CR-4831, State of the Art in Evacuation Time Estimate Studies for Nuclear Power Plants, technologies supporting the development of Evacuation Time Estimates (ETEs) have substantially changed and additional evacuation considerations have emerged. ETEs are part of the planning basis for each nuclear power plant (NPP), and as such, ETE studies are required to be performed by licensees to estimate the time needed to evacuate the public in the unlikely event of a serious accident. As advancements in new technologies that support evacuations and evacuation planning continue, and as new information on evacuations becomes available, it is important that these technologies and information be considered in development of an ETE."
Sandia National Laboratories; U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Security and Incident Response
Dotson, Lori J.; Jones, Joe
2005-01
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Identification and Analysis of Factors Affecting Emergency Evacuations: Appendices
"Volume II contains the data and information that support Volume I. Appendix A contains a detailed listing of the 230 evacuations that comprise the universe of evacuations. Appendix B contains the evacuation form used to collect data for each of the 50 cases studied. Appendix C contains the results of the frequency analysis. The remaining appendices contain the SAS 8.02 output for the regression analyses (Appendices F through K) and the correlation analyses (Appendix L)."
Sandia National Laboratories; U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Security and Incident Response
Jones, J.; Dotson, L. J.
2005-01
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