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Determining Who is Vulnerable to Radicalization and Recruitment
From the thesis abstract: "This paper examines whether a common set of conditions exist, applicable to extremist groups of any potential ideology, which make a community or individual more vulnerable to radicalization and radical recruitment. This paper seeks to answer two key questions: what traits facilitate radicalization, and how do radical organizations recruit? After examining the variety of diverse causes, processes, and contributing factors, this study develops new models for the recruitment and radicalization processes. Using these two models, this paper analyzes a case study of the Muslim Brotherhood in two drastically different environments: the United States and the Middle East. By showing how the radicalization and recruitment processes are very similar in these two disparate locations, these case studies support the argument that the underlying framework of extremist radicalization and recruitment can be extrapolated across geography, and across ideology."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Hoffman, Rachel E.
2018-04-08
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Aviation Artificial Intelligence: How Will it Fare in the Multi-Domain Environment?
From the thesis abstract: "As the Army prepares itself to fight in the Multi-Domain Battle environment, it must assume that enemies will contest every domain and units will operate in more austere conditions, both physically and informationally. Increased sensor capabilities, proliferated and dispersed air defense systems, and contested electromagnetic spectrums challenge the air domain and severely restrict the freedom of action to which the United States has become accustomed. As the Army invests in research initiatives to mitigate the threats posed by peer competitors and develop technologies that return a marked advantage for the joint forces, Artificial Intelligence and increasing autonomy possess significant possibilities. Simultaneously, however, increasing sensor capabilities threaten remotely piloted and autonomous systems and their significant electro-magnetic emissions. With aviation assets operating across multiple areas of operations within the theater, it is critical that they possess the appropriate technologies and effects to mitigate threat capabilities and increase their survivability."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Sattler, Colin M.
2018-12-04
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German 'Pionier': Case Study of the Combat Engineer's Employment During Sustained Ground Combat
From the thesis abstract: "The German Pionier: Case Study of the Combat Engineer's Employment During Sustained Ground Combat makes the assertion that the US Army and the US Army Engineer Regiment requires retraining and reeducation on the employment of combat engineers in sustained ground combat. The employment of the combat engineers in counterinsurgency operations during Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom focused on an engineer centric approach to mobility operations in lieu of a combined arms approach practiced in sustained ground combat. This monograph conducted a comprehensive examination of the employment of German combat engineers in mobility operations during the Second World War, to demonstrate that the engineer centric approach to mobility operations is insufficient when conducting sustained ground combat. The monograph concludes that the combat engineer, when employed in a combined arms approach, are highly versatile formations that maintain friendly tempo while disrupting enemy tempo, prevent culmination while initiating enemy culmination, and extend the operational reach of friendly forces."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Schnee, Erich
2018-05-24
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Listening for Echoes from the Past: Chinese Operational Design of the Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895)
From the thesis abstract: "As the United States recognizes a revisionist China, there has been much speculation about inevitable conflict. Political commentators concede that conflict is predetermined, but their predictions are based on sensationalism. Whether these pundits are correct is still unknown, but contemporary US leaders and military planners may examine key historical events as a part of understanding a potential adversary. The case of the Sino-Japanese War and the events leading up to it is an example of how the Chinese government and military leadership developed capability in response to Western imperialism. This response, known as the self-strengthening movement, coupled with existing cultural views and biases translated into how the Chinese executed the war against Japan. At the very least the study of such a critical event in Chinese history may allow current leaders to understand the relationship between worldview, military capability, and operational approach."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Trinh, David
2018-05-24
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Knowledge Era Organizational Change and Leadership in the US Army
From the thesis abstract: "The Army relies on agile and innovative organizations to provide strategic advantage, but how to build, adapt, and lead such organizations is on the precipice of a change. The extant industrial era leadership and organizational models used by the Army are rapidly becoming outdated, so the Army must continue to evolve by implementing change initiatives and solutions adapted to the knowledge era. Operations in the knowledge era require a networked adaptive structure that genuinely enables disciplined initiative and empowers agile, adaptive leaders. One of the most significant challenges facing the Army is how to enable organizational adaptability in the increasingly complex operating environment. The Army seeks to evolve to meet the demands of the operating environment, but it still operates under a dated industrial age organizational model. To meet the needs of the information age, the US Army should integrate current change and leadership models to create a flexible organization that develops adaptive leaders and enables mission command."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Morgan. Marvin C.
2018-04-10
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Leadership Frameworks for Multi Domain Battle: Mindsets for Organizational Adaptability and Future Viability
From the thesis abstract: "Due to changing complexities in the military operational landscape, including an increased emphasis on multi domain battle, the traditional military leadership hierarchy no longer provides an appropriate cultural mindset for efficiency or effectiveness in joint operations. This monograph discusses related US military doctrine, the problems with a rigid military hierarchy in complex environments, and how the military enterprise can best deal with changing complexity in its operating environments. While this monograph does not advocate for a wholesale update to the traditional command and control system, it argues that the US military should rethink its hierarchical leadership perspective. To breed innovation, creative thought, and adaptability, the US military must continue to evolve its traditional military leadership hierarchy model. Acceptance that an updated mindset for the way traditional military structure supports the military element of national power will enable future viability in joint operations and multi domain battle."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Miller, Andrew M.
2018-05-24
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Army Staff Doctrine Development Toward Mission Command and the Decline in Staff Performance
From the thesis abstract: "Army training evaluations of military staffs indicate these staffs struggle to perform the tasks necessary to fully support the commander. Despite the existence of doctrinal manuals, field training, and Army schools, battalion, brigade and division level staffs fail to control operations and support the commander's ability to make decisions. The question, therefore, is why are these staffs unprepared to perform the functions necessary to control operations and support decision making? Simultaneously, business management theories have articulated a clear role for managers in the execution of routine organizational operations and their duties in support of organizational leaders. The business world embraces the idea of managers and leaders, as analogs for the staff and commander, having different roles and functions. Henry Mintzberg and John Kotter have described those roles and hold that the roles of the manager and leader are distinct, separate and complementary. In all, nearly 30 Army doctrinal manuals on operations, and command and control, dating from 1938 to 2017, were evaluated to determine the role of the staff relative to the commander and the specific guidance to the staff officer on his routine responsibilities. This review revealed the Army's changing views of the staff and an increasing focus on the commander. It appears that staffs struggle to perform their tasks because control doctrine has become excessively commander centric, fractured and spread between several manuals and has not changed to account for changes to command doctrine. Army staffs struggle to succeed because doctrine does not fully define the role or requirements of the staff and does not fully educate officers to execute their duties. The army should consider addressing this shortcoming by incorporating contemporary business theories and models into Army staff doctrine."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Meyer, David A.
2018-04-16
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Interoperability: A Necessary Means Towards Operational Success in NATO
From the thesis abstract: "Interoperability is the ability of services and allies to commingle systems, units, or forces which will enable them to operate effectively together. Interoperability should provide NATO [North Atlantic Treaty Organization] commanders the necessary flexibility to concentrate sufficient combat forces at decisive points on the battlefield to deceive and surprise the THREAT while seizing the initiative. The corps seems to be the unit best organized to plan and execute an interoperable operation in NATO because the corps links tactical operations and strategic aims and is flexible enough to performs missions at the tactical and operational levels. This study uses a historical analysis of German Army operations in North Africa and on the eastern front during World War II. These operations are indicative of the successes and failures of interoperable operations amongst Germany and her allies. NATO operational commanders must seek certain imperatives of interoperability at the operational level to be successful. These imperatives are: (1) harmonious unit organization, (2) standardized equipment and training, (3) compatible tactical doctrine, (4) unified command, control, communications, and information systems, (5) coordinated liaison and staff planning, (6) mutual understanding /simplicity, (7) cooperation, and (8) adequate sustainment and logistics. The study also examines the characteristics and capabilities of US and German modernized heavy corps to assess the feasibility of establishing an ad hoc US/German corps. The conclusion of this study indicates the need to practice interoperability at the operational level. Without interoperability, the practice of operational art is inhibited. Escalation across the nuclear threshold because of the inability of NATO operational commanders to achieve the conventional initiative is a dilemma that NATO policy makers must address if national interests continue to impede efforts towards more effective interoperability."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Everett, Michael W.
1987-05-05
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Can the United States Be Involved in Simultaneous 'Contemporary Peacekeeping' Operations and Maintain the Flexibility to Respond to Two, Nearly-Simultaneous Major Regional Conflicts (MRCs)
From the thesis abstract: "This monograph examines the impact of the United States likely future involvement in contemporary peacekeeping operations on its ability to successfully implement its national security and national military strategy. There are several potential shortfalls associated with this peacetime component of United States strategy when also considering the United States requirement to fight and win two, nearly-simultaneous MRCs [Major Regional Conflicts]. Possible shortfalls include force structure and force preparedness limitations and delays and logistics shortcomings in the areas of infrastructure, vital logistics components and strategic mobility assets. Although the potential problem areas are not new, how they influence the United States ability to execute its national military strategy has grown in magnitude as a result of a changed security environment. This change has required that contemporary peacekeeping forces be built from assets of major powers such as the United States--assets that will be needed in the initial stages of both MRCs. Therefore, as contemporary peacekeeping operations operationally fulfill the United States national military strategy, they may, in other ways, hinder the United States ability to respond to two, nearly-simultaneous MRCs."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Buchs, Todd A.
1996-05-23
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Social Media and the U.S. Army: Maintaining a Balance
From the thesis abstract: "Now that the Department of Defense has permitted the use of social media for both private and official purposes, the question becomes, can the military, the Army in particular, obtain the benefits sought from social media use without seriously compromising individual and operations security? Answering this question required an initial assessment of Army goals and objectives to determine why the Army risked the use of social media. The assessment revealed two reasons. First, the Army needed social media to communicate its inform and influence activities more effectively. Second, social media was the primary means by which soldiers maintained contact with their friends and family. Consequently, social media has become a significant element in maintaining soldier morale. If the Army did not need social media to distribute its inform message, it might have avoided the difficulties created by the personal use of social media. Thus, the security risk posed by the use of social media cannot be reduced to a simple enforcement of operations security rules. Nevertheless, soldiers who are not trained to avoid the disclosure of classified or sensitive information will, through their ingrained habits, present a significant security risk. "
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Moe, Todd A.
2011-04-28
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Interoperability and Network-Centric Warfare: US Army Future Force and German Army in 2015
From the thesis abstract: "US and German security strategies portray future warfare as coalition warfare. Thus, successful military operations depend on assured Interoperability of coalition forces. This paper asks for the state of Interoperability between German Forces in 2015 and the US Army Future Force. The reader will be informed about the US Future Force, whose characteristics and implications on foreign nation's Interoperability are evaluated. Special consideration is given to technical and behavioral Interoperability. The monograph assesses the projected capabilities of the German Bundeswehr in the year 2015 with regard to Network-Centric Warfare (NCW). Technical and behavioral Interoperability are again the main focus. According to the findings of the paper, German Bundeswehr forces in 2015 will be prepared for integration into the US Army Future Force. The single most important factor for assuring this capability will be an appropriate funding in the next ten years."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Alme, Thorsten
2005-05-26?
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Strategic Communication Through Design: A Narrative Approach
From the thesis abstract: "The United States Army needs doctrine that addresses strategic communication based upon emerging design concepts while incorporating existing principles of strategic communication and narrative theory together with an updated communication theory. Lack of doctrine at both Joint and Army levels results in the failure of the United States Army to synchronize strategic communication efforts within the operational and tactical levels. Understanding how to use strategic communication as an element of United States national power will aid synchronization and nesting of the strategic, operational, and tactical levels. In the contemporary operating environment, the Army has only communicated strategically during times of conflict. Strategic communication is necessary at all times, whether the nation is at peace or war and throughout the full spectrum of operations. Creation of relevant doctrine will provide for an enduring nature of strategic communication."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Tromblee, Mark L.
2009-12-01
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Water and Conflict in the Middle East
From the thesis abstract: "This monograph assesses the potential for conflict in the Middle East as a result of water scarcity. It is guided by the Homer-Dixon model linking the contributions of environmental scarcity to violent conflict. The monograph begins with a general overview of the water scarcity issue In the Middle East. It then examines the analytical framework developed by Homer-Dixon to gain an understanding of the contributions of decreasing quality and quantity of renewable resources, population growth, and unequal resource access to the development of environmental scarcity. The framework is further used to establish the linkage between between [sic] environmental scarcity and the outbreak of violent conflict. With an understanding of the relationship between environmental scarcity and violent conflict developed, the monograph investigates the three major Middle East water scarcity regions of the Jordan, Tigris-Euphrates: and Nile river basins. Investigation of these three basin regions focuses on the factors of water quality and quantity, population growth, and water access. Additionally, history of water related conflict in each basin is also reviewed. The monograph concludes with an assessment that the Jordan river basin is the region most likely to experience violent conflict in the future as a result of water scarcity."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Woolwine, Stephen M.
1997-05-22
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Examination of Turkey's Relations with Europe and the United States
From the Abstract: "Turkey's inability integrate into Western political and economic institutions threaten to fracture Turkey's relations with Europe and the United States. Turkey's legacy of military, political, and economic cooperation with Europe and the United States has long roots, but it does not guarantee a future of stable relations. Turkey's inability to meet the criteria for EU membership does not diminish its role in NATO or as a regional security partner, but it suggests ambivalence between the idea of Europe and Turkish identity. This monograph examines the factors that contribute to contemporary Turkish identity and their worldview. These factors include: Turkey's Ottoman heritage, the republic's fight for independence, its diplomacy through conflict, its role in the containment of communism, and its pivotal role in Western security institutions. This monograph also provides insight into current Turkish perceptions of Europe and the United States."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Jacobs, Travis A.
2019-05-23
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Air Occupation: A Viable Concept for Campaign Planning?
"This monograph investigates how the Air Force concept of air occupation applies to operational campaign planning. The post Cold War era and a New World Order poses new challenges for operational planners. They must meet the changing geopolitical environment with new doctrines and concepts that apply military means in a mono polar world with reduced force structures. Air occupation is a new concept designed for the post Cold War era. The first section puts air occupation in perspective by expanding on Clausewitz's paradigm of limited war. Then air occupation is defined and explored. Air occupation is a new Air Force concept for joint operations. It is the asymmetrical application of joint aerospace technology to exploit the advantages of operating in the air dimension. Technologically intensive, air occupation uses joint airpower asymmetrically to achieve a relative position of advantage over a designated region. Established in space and time, this asymmetry generates a position of advantage to achieve operational and strategic effects. [...] This monograph concludes that air occupation is a viable operational concept for campaign planning in a limited war context. It is currently being used in Iraq and having a relative degree of operational and strategic effects."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Livsey, Timothy D.
1993-05
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Defensive Campaigns: Are They Still the Stronger Form of War?
"On a theoretical level, defensive campaigns are the stronger form of war. As Clausewitz said, 'All things being equal defense is the stronger form.' However on the practical side defensive campaigns can only remain the stronger form of war if they are conducted properly according to theory and doctrine, and if campaign planners understand the concept of asymmetry. This monograph will review theory and doctrine on defense and defensive campaigns according to Clausewitz's thoughts in on 'On War'. This will be followed by an analysis of two campaigns and finish with a conclusion based on analyses of the two campaigns. Using criteria derived from Clausewitz's 'On War', an examination of two historical cases, the Russo-Polish War in 1920 and Desert Storm in 1991 will show how the advantages of defense are still valid. However, the successful commander and staff must understand that using Clausewitz's criteria is not enough in the present. The asymmetry of armed forces must be considered, so the campaign planners can make the most of advantages such as technology and negate disadvantages. This monograph concludes that in the early twentieth-century when all things were equal defensive campaigns were the stronger form of war. However, today this may not be true due to the asymmetry of armies. To plan successful defensive campaigns, planners must use Clausewitz's criteria as a guide and understand the concept of asymmetry."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Brown, Armor D.
1993-05
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Role of the National Guard in Homeland Security
From the thesis abstract: "The establishment of the Department of Homeland Security and the United States Northern Command has created new organizations to assist in homeland security, but neither has fully integrated the National Guard into it planning or fully assessed its capabilities. This monograph will evaluate the National Guard's possible integration in the context of the Department of Defense's contribution to homeland security: military missions overseas, homeland defense, and support to civil authorities. The evaluation will include the National Guard's 17 unique legal capabilities in the military, its organization and relationship to the local populace, and its historical use in homeland security and as a reserve component of the military. The conclusion is that the National Guard's history, legal capabilities, and inherent ties with the local and state communities and government poise the National Guard to be the country's primary homeland security force. In order to enhance its capabilities, the National Guard Bureau must be integrated into both the United States Northern Command and the Department of Homeland Security and planning considerations must be discussed with governors and state National Guard officials, unity of command and unity of effort must be deconflicted during homeland operations, and mobilized National Guard units operating within the United States must not be federalized in order to ensure that it can still perform law enforcement operations while mobilized."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Bodge, Gregory O.
2007-05-09
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'Plan Colombia': Assessing U.S. Colombia Counterinsurgency and Counterdrug Strategies
From the thesis abstract: "Colombia remains one of the most troubled countries in South America. The continued export of drugs coupled with a significant insurgent threat and increased violence against civilians, signals a crisis capable of disrupting the entire region. […]. The purpose of this monograph is to examine current U.S. and Colombian counter-drug strategies. Will the U.S. contribution in financial and military aid to 'Plan Colombia' ensure success? Is 'Plan Colombia' an appropriate strategy for ending Colombia's insurgency and reducing or eradicating the export of drugs to Europe and North America, or does the plan require modification to achieve the desired end-state? Will greater engagement in the internal affairs of Colombia drag the U.S. into a regional conflict similar to Vietnam? The monograph concludes that the implementation of Plan Colombia will begin the process of conflict resolution. Over time, military and financial aid from the U.S., European and Colombia's regional partners will bring to an end the civil war that started more than fifty-years ago. The strategic focus of Plan Colombia is imbedded [sic] in the ability to recognize existing linkages between the drug trade, the insurgency, and the paramilitaries. The success of Plan Colombia is dependent on recognizing the relationship between illegal drug trafficking and systemic violence, the role of the peace process, development of institutional strength, and the role played by the U.S. and the international community in providing support to conflict resolution."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Warren, Paul S.
2001-05-15
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Chasing Emergence: Historical Development of Planning and Intelligence in Great Power Conflict
From the Thesis Abstract: "Modern US Army doctrine requires collaborative planning by all War Fighting Functions. The years between WWI [World War I] and WWII [World War II] became the planning forge for the American military. Why did the United States develop integrated planning before WWII and how did it affect Army operations? The integration of intelligence, and other functional specialties, into interwar planning established a new planning paradigm in the US Army. Contributions from non-combat functional areas like intelligence, signals, and logistics became a central theme to interwar planning."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Carter, Jared A.
2019-05-23
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Korean Way of War: Within the Framework of the Strategy of Annihilation and Attrition
From the Thesis Abstract: "This monograph attempts to identify the Korean way of war by analyzing Korean military history through the framework of a strategy of annihilation and attrition. The paper assumes that Korea, a small state surrounded by strong neighbors during the last 5,000 years, was able to protect its identity, language, and culture due to its own way of war. Such a way of war was established and has been shaped by the interaction of various elements of Korea's strategic context. These elements range from geography, economic resources, history, civil-military relations, sociopolitical context, and strategic culture. On the contrary to the dominant discourse about achieving a quick and decisive victory within the Republic of Korea (ROK) Army, such a victory does not seem to fit in the Korean historical context. Historical cases have proved that optimistic wishes of quick and decisive victory often became a delusion that was alien to reality on the ground. The author, thus, hypothesizes that the way of war Korea has pursued throughout history is tied to the strategy of attrition and not the strategy of annihilation. Such awareness is the foundation on which the development of the future Korean way of war must reflect."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Kim, Kwonwoo
2019-05-23
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United States and Vietnam Interests in the South China Sea and Potential Military Cooperation Between the Two Countries
From the Abstract: "In 2016, U.S. President Barack Obama fully lifted the U.S. military embargo on Vietnam, marking a milestone in the relationship since the normalization between the U.S. and Vietnam in 1995. The South China Sea holds a strategic position and directly impacts to the national interests of both the U.S. and Vietnam. Recently, due to the disputes in the South China Sea, the U.S. and Vietnam have held a number of meetings and cooperative events which focus on maritime collaboration in order to protect and support shared interests of the two countries. Vietnam and the U.S. have gradually strengthened their relationship in recent years, and military is an important area of cooperation. The two military have continuously built their interoperability such as humanitarian operations, solving war legacy operations, and arms sales. Although there are still several obstacles for an enhanced military cooperation between the two countries, a strong military partnership between the two countries should be viable for future military relationship between the U.S. and Vietnam."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Le, Hieu Khac
2018-06-15
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United States Posture in Consideration of a Sino-Russian Alliance
From the Abstract: "The relationship between China and Russia has varied from peace to conflict throughout the course of their history. However, since 1991 following the fall of the Soviet Union, as each nation sought for global relevance, Sino-Russian interactions have increased and relations have improved in a consistent upswing. Together, these nations are shaping a modern strategic partnership that is quickly shifting into a bona fide alliance with substantial regional influence in Asia, Africa, Eurasia, and the Middle East. The United States recognized the competitive and ideologically aligned spirit of these noted great powers in the 2017 National Security Strategy, posturing a whole-of-society approach towards protecting US national security and interests. While presenting the historical relevance of their relationships and the importance of leadership to envision and drive a strategic direction, this monograph posits that the United States should actively posture itself by advancing democracy, supporting and strengthening partnerships, and employing instruments of power in an effort to stymie authoritarian influence and desires to shift the international order."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Jones, Shawn E. A.
2019
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Aerial Pursuit of National Objectives: Operation Linebacker II, Operation Deliberate Force, and Operation Allied Force
From the Master's Thesis Abstract: "This monograph examines how the United States and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization employed air power to obtain national objectives in Operation Linebacker II, Operation Deliberate Force, and Operation Allied Force. Operation Linebacker II took place from 18-29 December 1972. It was the only maximum effort bombing campaign of the Vietnam War that targeted the heartland of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, ultimately compelling the negotiations that ended the conflict. Operation Deliberate Force, the final operation of the Balkans Air Campaign, was a seventeen-day effort that sought to undermine the military capability of the Bosnian Serb Army and led to the 1995 Dayton Accords. Operation Allied Force was a seventy-eight-day air campaign in 1999 that successfully sustained offensive operations against Serbian forces led by president Slobodan Milošević and impelled their removal from Kosovo. This monograph primarily uses Dr. Mark Clodfelter's 'Framework for Evaluating Air Power Effectiveness' as a means to evaluate these campaigns and test the hypothesis that an air campaign positively impacts national objectives when it effectively targets an enemy's military vulnerabilities in which it has no equal means of response. These case studies demonstrate air power's ability to obtain or positively contribute to the achievement of national objectives when used as the predominate or sole means of combat power. Findings indicate that while effective targeting was crucial to these campaigns, there were other factors of equal or greater importance. Although each case study provides unique insights to the effective use of air power in pursuit of national objectives, common themes for all three include the evolution of national objectives to match military capability, the isolation of the adversary from its perceived allies, and a type of war waged by the adversary conducive to targeting or exploitation by air power."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Coleman, Christopher D.
2019
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Policy and the Military Operational Artist: Exploring the Civil-Military Dialogue and Implications for the Art of Large-Scale Military Operations
From the Master's Thesis Abstract: "The need for the military operational artist to recognize the evolving requirement for parallel and corresponding military and political aims is more critical than ever. Within the modern environment, operational artists will operate in conflicts like Carl von Clausewitz's real wars of limited aims. This monograph seeks to answer what is the role of the military operational artist in resolving political and military aims in forming and maintaining a coherent emergent strategy in consonance with the political aim. In these conflicts the operational artist must provide politically aware military advice while in the 'policy dialogue', exhibit flexibility through reframing and discourse during the 'military aim and emergent strategy dialogue', and to be cognizant of the perceptions of victory and defeat while in the 'perception dialogue' because these directly influence the policy makers' future decision for the conflict. Operational artists and doctrine must be flexible and account for these political influences and be prepared to operate in conflicts where they cannot pursue an absolute military aim. This regular dialogue with the policy maker will help an operational artist understand the political priorities, constraints, and risks of the policy maker and enable the operational artist to provide the best politically aware military advice. The methodology utilized to demonstrate the role and actions of the military operational artist consists of a case study comparison between General Eisenhower during the Second World War and General MacArthur during the Korean War. The Korea case study demonstrates how divergent aims can have a corrosive effect on a coherent strategy."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Wollenman, Jeffery A.
2019
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Lewis B. Parsons: Master Logistician and Operational Artist
From the Abstract: "On the eve of the American Civil War, the US Army found itself unprepared for the conflict. The mass mobilization of the Army overwhelmed the limited pre-conflict capabilities of the Union Army's Quartermaster Department. In December 1861, Lewis B. Parsons was assigned as the quartermaster for the Department of Missouri and initiated an immense undertaking, aiming to improve the Union's logistical support system and increase the efficiency of transportation on the Western river network. This study uses a structured, focused comparison of Lewis B. Parsons' use of the steamboat to support military operations during Sherman's Chickasaw Bayou Expedition and the 1864 movements of Major General A.J. Smith's 16th Corps in the Western Theater. The results of the study will show how Lewis B. Parsons employed operational art to standardize the use of the steamboat as the primary platform to project power and support Union operations and ultimately facilitate the defeat of the Confederates in the Western Theater."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Huskey, Donald E.
2019
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Role of the Operational Artist: General Macarthur in the Korean War from June 1950 to April 1951
From the Master's Thesis Abstract: "This study applies the theory of the operational artist to evaluate General Douglas MacArthur's command in the Korean War to illuminate considerations in regards to a senior military commander's authority to discuss policy and negotiate military strategy with policymakers and their responsibility to operate within the constraints imposed by policy to achieve the political aim, through the military aim. Victory emerged through the restoration of the 38th Parallel, where discourse and negotiation between policymakers and the operational artist resolved the tension between policy and military strategy, while tragedy and failure emerged in the remainder of General MacArthur's command, when the discourse failed and the operational artist disregarded policy constraints in pursuit of his own aims. The analysis implicates considerations for senior military commanders in their role as operational artists in the context of large-scale combat operations within wars of limited aims, constrained by competing interests."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Pasko, Brandon E.
2019
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Natural Resources and Private Military Security Companies: How Do They Affect Civil War Duration?
From the Master's Thesis Abstract: "The commissioning of mercenary companies, otherwise known today as private military security companies (PMSCs), to enhance military and political capabilities as well as to ensure economic stability for state and non-state actors is well known in the subfield of conflict studies. The conflict studies sub-discipline of civil wars is also well researched with numerous studies that address the four common variables of civil war scholarship: (1) onset, (2) intensity, (3) duration and (4) termination. However, there are few studies that address civil war duration, natural resources, and PMSCs (foreign intervention). The goal of this paper is to identify how PMSCs may affect civil war duration in developing African states with resource wealth. This paper finds that PMSCs can increase the duration of a civil war because of the services provided and the promise of future extraction rights (FER) for natural resources as payment for the commission of the PMSCs by the state government."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Butler, Leroy Bryant
2019
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Strategy of Unity: Eisenhower, the British, and Multinational Operations
From the Abstract: "With the largest army a US general has ever commanded, General Dwight D. Eisenhower led the Allied forces from their first landings in North Africa to their ultimate victory in Europe. To do this, he had to build unity of effort, particularly with the British, toward a common purpose. This monograph explores Eisenhower's ability to conduct multinational ground operations with the British in the Mediterranean and European Theaters of Operations in World War II. Using the integrated multinational command structure and the tenets of multinational operations of rapport, trust and confidence, and mission focus, Eisenhower's performance in the Tunisian Campaign is compared to his performance in the European Theater of Operations, arguing that he learned from his mistakes and thus improved his abilities. From the defeat at Kasserine Pass in 1943 to the final attack to the Elbe River in 1945, Eisenhower used unity of effort as his guiding principle, basing almost all decisions on how they would impact the alliance. He further developed his integrated command structure based on subordinates', superiors', and his own abilities to employ the tenets of multinational operations. These lessons may prove insightful as the US Army shifts its focus to near-peer threats and large-scale combat operations."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Maxwell, Jared R.
2019
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Enabler or Vulnerability: Operational Contract Support in Large-Scale Combat Operations
From the Master's Thesis Abstract: "The US Army's practice of supplementing capabilities with contracted ones has greatly expanded since the end of the Vietnam War and creation of the All-Volunteer Force. Operational Contract Support (OCS), the process of planning for and obtaining supplies, services, and construction from commercial sources in support of combatant commander directed operations, is often the first option a commander turns to in contingency operations. OCS can be the most politically and operationally expedient option for providing the commander with critical, time-sensitive capabilities. However, because of its expedient nature, OCS has taken on an outsized role in US Army operations, reaching a point of over-saturation today. As the US Army transitions its focus to large-scale combat operations (LSCO), it is necessary to examine whether its over-reliance on OCS over the last several decades has left behind any institutional bad habits which might make the force vulnerable in a more lethal type of conflict. This monograph examines OCS in the light of FM 3-0, and against the backdrop of the Gulf War. It concludes that a certain level of OCS will enable future LSCO, but the US Army's current application of OCS will lead to decreased operational readiness in the Active and Reserve components"
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Cryer, Michael A.
2019
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National Security Council and Synchronization for Multi-Domain Operations
From the Master's Thesis Abstract: "The National Security Council (NSC) is the locus of strategic policy planning for the United States, as it serves as the statutory strategic coordinating cell for the President. With the recent shift toward great power competition, consideration must be given to how the military and interagency integrate into policy at the strategic and operational levels of war. This study seeks to examine how the United States conducts strategic planning to understand the implications for the US effort in preparing for great power conflict and large scale combat operations. Recommendations from this study include making structural improvements in the NSC system that establish the importance of strategic planning, policy evaluation, and talent management. To accomplish this, both legislative and executive measures should be implemented to support progressive change. The study concludes by offering that synchronizing strategy across the interagency is a complex problem with no perfect solution. Instead, incremental changes should be made to improve the system with continued study focused on refining the process given a changing environment."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Batt, Jonathan J.
2019
