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Strategic Context of the Arctic and Implications for the US Army
From the Thesis Abstract: "Effects of Arctic warming are projected to accelerate the rate at which Arctic sea ice melts, allowing the Arctic's natural resources and navigable sea lines of communications to be more accessible. The expected changes to the Arctic environment will impact the strategic interests of national stakeholders, as well as the US Arctic strategic policy. The strategic context of the Arctic is created through the fabric of relations between nations who reside along the boundaries of the Arctic Ocean, those near-Arctic nations with national interests, and the international organizations that provide a forum for discussion. Each actor's geostrategic goals, as published through individual Arctic strategies, contain three common themes: sovereignty, resource development, and maritime shipping. The United States, in comparison with other Arctic nations, has been dilatory in developing an Arctic Strategy and allocating resources. The US Army in particular should look to the other Arctic nations for unique sourcing solutions to combat the effects of an unpredictable environment on operational reach, infrastructure, and command and control."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Todd, Matthew W.
2018-05-25
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Illicit Wildlife Resource Exploitation and Transnational Criminal Organizations: A Problem for Military Planners
From the Thesis Abstract: "This monograph explains the double negative impact of wildlife resource exploitation by transnational criminal organizations and provides an example of an operational approach to address the problem. The first case study explains the evolution of poaching enforcement during the development of natural parks in the United States. The second case study uses the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme to demonstrate how to turn the illicit trade of wildlife resources into a legitimate and profitable industry. The ultimate aim is to secure wildlife resources, deny transnational criminal organizations the opportunity to exploit wildlife resources, and enable legitimate governments to sustain wildlife populations and profit from their own natural environments."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Wilson, Byron W., Jr.
2019-05-24
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Emergence of Readiness: The Efforts That Generate and Consume Ready Forces
From the Thesis Abstract: "Expert debates on readiness usually pit individuals that view readiness efforts as the tactical efforts of manning, equipping, and training military units against those that believe readiness includes strategic elements such as end strength. This monograph seeks to describe readiness as both a system and an emergent property that creates a force that can meet the demands of assigned missions. In addition to the manning, equipping, and training - referred to as tactical readiness lines of effort - this monograph introduces strategic readiness lines of effort that contribute to the readiness system and the emergent property of a ready force. The strategic readiness lines of effort combine with the traditional tactical readiness lines of efforts to generate forces capable of meeting assigned missions. This places readiness generation largely at the strategic and tactical levels of war. As a result, readiness consumers reside at the operational level where campaigns and major operations are conducted in pursuit of national security interests."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Neri, Philip B.
2019-05-24
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Simultaneous Transformation and Rapid Growth of the US Army in World War II
From the Thesis Abstract: "No one knew it at the time, but the Victory Plan of 1941 became the operational concept used by the United States and her Allies to wage World War II. MAJ [Major] Albert C. Wedemeyer, a US Army Major who had arrived at the War Plans Division at the War Department just a few months prior, led the study. Written in the months prior to the events at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, the plan was incredibly accurate at predicting an operational concept to a strategy that was as yet unstated and far from clear. The methodology MAJ Wedemeyer used to develop the plan allowed for the rapid growth and simultaneous transformation of the US Army. Could the US Army use this methodology again today in a similar manner? The research for this paper found that the US Army could only numerically support defensive operations in the Baltics and could not support offensive operations. The less than 1:2 ratio of armored brigades potentially available was the most striking finding."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Ferrell, Richard M.
2018-05-24
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Soviet Application of Operational Art in the Khalkhin Gol Campaign, May-August 1939
From the Thesis Abstract: "This monograph analyzes the Khalkhin Gol Campaign, also referred to as the Battle of Nomonhan, from the Soviet perspective to look at the elements of operational art in a historical campaign. The Khalkhin Gol Campaign resulted from the poorly defined border between Outer Mongolia and Manchukuo. The Khalkhin Gol Campaign began when Mongolian cavalry occupied disputed territory between the Khalkhin Gol River and the town of Nomonhan. This undeclared border war between the USSR [Union of Soviet Socialist Republics] and Japan lasted from May to August, 1939 and resulted in more than fifty thousand casualties combined. This analysis provides current military planners with a historical vignette to enhance their appreciation for the application of the elements of operational art for future high intensity conflicts."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Manner, Michael C.
2018-03-28
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Nature of Future Intelligence Organizations
From the thesis abstract: "This monograph identifies the essential characteristics and capabilities of intelligence organization structures for an army force that is global, rapidly deployable and capable of executing fall spectrum military operations in joint and combined environments. It identifies these characteristics and capabilities by tracing the evolution of military intelligence organization structures over the past decade. It examines lessons learned from deployments to Somalia, Bosnia and Haiti as well as observations from Division Advanced Warfighting Experiments (DAWE) to determine causes of recurring problems related to intelligence organizational design. This monograph proposes a traditional, matrix and virtual models as potential intelligence organization structures. It analyzes each model's strengths and wea[kn]esses, identifies essential characteristics, and assesses applicability of each relative to future environmental influences specific to offense, defense, stability and support operations. These environmental influences are stability, complexity and diversity. They are important considerations because they often necessitate changes in organizational design."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Pacher, Leo R.
2000-05-15
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Arming Commanders to Combat PTSD: A Time For Change - Attacking the Stressors Vice the Symptoms
From the thesis abstract: "Just as war is not a new phenomenon, neither are the issues associated with the mental and emotional scars combat brings to those who fight a nation's wars. Historically, the United States has assumed a reactive vice proactive posture as it relates to coping with the fiscal, and humanistic challenges that manifest within a nation at war, and those who experience the trauma of combat. The Army has proven slow to respond to the need to train and educate its leaders and instead has devoted vast capital on the assessment and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), attacking the symptoms as they arise, vice attacking the stressors which cause the affliction. The invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan and the deployment of forces throughout the world to combat terror, however, have created conditions whereby PTSD is again in the lime-light. This monograph examines PTSD from a historical perspective reviewing the manner in which the Army viewed, assessed, and treated those afflicted with PTSD as well its methods for training and educating those honored with the opportunity to lead these warriors in battle. This monograph highlights existing shortfalls in assessment, training, doctrine, and education as it relates to those commanding at the battalion-level."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Haycock, Robert D.
2009-05-12
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Iranian Tentacles into Iraq: The Basis and Extent of Iranian Influence into Southern Iraq
From the thesis abstract: "Iran is presently conducting an aggressive strategic influence campaign into southern Iraq. The Iraqi Shia community is the primary target of Iranian efforts. Tehran's bases its motivations on national self-interest and religious-political ideals. Members of both Shia communities hold varied cultural values, based on their historical development. Tehran uses methods along the spectrum of psychological persuasion to influence and subvert the Iraqi Shia community. Specifically, they target individual communities. The formidable Iranian government apparatus allows the targeting of the Iraqi population through efforts designed to achieve compliance and conformity. The Iraqi Shia society is fragmented, but nationalism also provides a powerful influence for this group. Independent national principles foster Iraqi and Iranian nationalist sentiments and the division between the two states are likely to grow with the Iraqi government becoming more capable and effective of controlling its own state affairs."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Thompson, Christiane
2009-12-03?
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No More Vietnams: CORDS as a Model for Counterinsurgency Campaign Design
From the thesis abstract: "This monograph examines the Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development Support (CORDS) program in Vietnam as a potential model for the design of modern campaigns targeted against revolutionary guerrilla insurgencies. The Vietnam War ended in failure; yet it represents America's most recent major effort against a guerrilla insurgency. Because U.S. vital strategic interests are likely to be threatened by insurgent movements in the future, an analysis of our record in countering the Vietcong insurgency demands attention. Although the U.S. failed to develop a viable counterstrategy to the Maoist revolutionary guerrilla strategy of North Vietnam ('dau tranh'), CORDS was a step in the right direction, albeit too late. CORDS effectively tied together the myriad of existing political, informational, economic, and military pacification programs into a synergistic whole. Based on a high degree of bureaucratic and organizational flexibility, CORDS enjoyed a respectable degree of success in countering the Vietcong insurgency. In this regard, CORDS provides us with a good model for the design of counterinsurgency campaigns. It also demonstrates that counter insurgency efforts are more than just a military undertaking. Therefore, this paper recommends that the United States develop a national counterinsurgency policy on the CORDS model. DOD would be the lead agent in its development, with DOS being a primary contributor[.]"
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Wells, Gordon M.
1991-04-28
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Analyzing International Economic Influence on Iran
From the thesis abstract: "The interconnectedness of global trade influences international relations. The complexities of this interconnectedness may be better understood through quantitative analysis of the balance of trade within the global economic system. This monograph serves as a proof-of-concept testing analytic tools for better understanding the efficacy and consequences of economic influence in terms of sanctions and other similar macroeconomic regimes. The underlying concept developed is a calculation of economic threat rings describing the propensity and utility of countries to participate in such regimes. Iran is used as a case study as it has a long standing record of sanctions being imposed upon it by the United States and others since its 1979 revolution. Iran continues to be of contemporary interest in American foreign policy owing to concerns with respect to its known sponsorship of terrorism and suspected pursuit of nuclear weapons."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Renfro, Robert S., II
2009-11-30
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Standing Joint Task Forces: Resourcing Relics
From the thesis abstract: "The Standing Joint Task Force [JTF] today serves as an enduring organization of the national security environment. Of the numerous Standing Joint Task Forces operational around the world, this paper examines two whose missions support defense of the homeland. The United States Northern Command subordinate Army component command, U.S. Army North supervises these organizations: JTF-North and JTF Civil Support. The primary purpose for writing about these two organizations is to understand their unique mission, evaluate the cost of their sustainment, and to present options that may improve their effectiveness and ensure they meet the challenges of the 21st Century. The methodology consists of analyzing the historical background behind the rise to the Standing Joint Task Force concept. This historical review provides context and supports the follow on discussion of the phenomenon behind these organizations' existence. The paper includes a case study comparison of JTF-North and JTF Civil Support, which shows the enduring cost to the U.S. Army to support these organizations. The evaluation of these two organizations highlights distinct advantages and disadvantages of current Department of Defense practices, and provides other options that may lower costs to the Army in the future while still addressing the nation's security needs. The standard answer to a national security challenge in the 1980s and 1990s was to create a Standing Joint Task Force. This monograph challenges America to reexamine the roles, functions, and missions of the current Standing Joint Task Forces and develop alternative solutions that decrease costs, increase effectiveness, and place responsibility upon the whole of government and not solely on the Department of Defense."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Bushman, John M.
2010-04-15
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Understanding the Influence of the Pakistani Government in South Asia
From the thesis abstract: "This monograph will explore the origins of the Islamic fundamentalist movement in South Asia that can be traced back to the Islamization program during the Zia ul Haq regime in Pakistan. Since 1947, Pakistan's early political administrations were characterized by a failure of governance, resulting in five failed regimes in twenty years. […] From these formative years, the Pakistani people experienced a series of failed regimes that ended in coups and created the perception that Pakiatan's government needed a military leader with complete control. The Zia ul Haq regime lasted from 1977 to 1988, and through its Islamization program, changed the human landscape in Pakistan. Under his rule, Zia's Islamization program focused on bringing Islam into every aspect of Pakistani life. Through the implementation of the 'zagat' (alms), and 'usher' (taxes), Zia began to fund the madrassas throughout Pakistan. During the Soviet-Afghan War, Pakistan began to assist the Afghan Resistance Movement by supporting the mujahedeen. With funding from the United States and Saudi Arabia, Pakistan--through the Inter-Services Intelligence Agency (ISI)--supported the 'mujahedeen' from the tribal areas along the border between Pakistan and Afghanistan. As a direct result of this support, the Islamization program created the conditions for militant Islam to flourish in the tribal areas by supporting the Islamic extremists with funding, religious desire, and the physical space to thrive within Pakistan."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Chesher, William D.
2010-11-30
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Building a Tactical Intelligence Model for the Information-Based Force
From the thesis abstract: "Force development trends since the end of the Cold War have dictated a smaller, more lethal force that is capable of rapidly responding to a multitude of contingencies from a CONUS [Contiguous United States] base-force projection. The tremendous growth in information and precision technologies has established the technological conditions for this force development-information based. These requirements call into question the adequacy of current organizational structures and their ability to allow for the optimization of these capabilities to meet the needs of a force projection, information based Army. This paper examines the division level military intelligence [MI] model in particular. The division continues to be the major tactical formation with the capability to tailor for specific missions. Military intelligence by definition, provides at least half of the information equation that the commander uses to make decisions. The monograph will begin by charting the historical development of the current tactical MI organizational model based on the requirements for military intelligence contained in historical documentation and doctrinal developments since World War II."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Felts, Thomas H.
1997-12-18
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Three's Company: The Efficacy of Third-Party Intervention in Support of Counterinsurgency
From the thesis abstract: "Does third party military intervention help or hurt an incumbent government during an insurgency? This study attempts to answer this question by testing prevailing military theories of counterinsurgency in the context of third party intervention using basic tests for statistical significance and bivariate contingency. The results show that intervention on behalf of a counterinsurgent decreases the likelihood of a successful government outcome, and specifically, interventions in general, interventions involving the deployment of combat forces, interventions involving military occupation, and interventions by democratic states decrease the likelihood of counterinsurgent success. Early intervention, meaning the commitment of third-party support within the first year of conflict, does not appear to have a significant effect on counterinsurgency success. Likewise, the decision to end an intervention early does not appear to significantly alter the chance of counterinsurgent failure. Interventions in support of an 'indirect' approach to counterinsurgencies are the only cases that exhibit a significant improvement for the chances of successful outcome."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Vernetti, Joel
2009-10-26
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Shaping the Middle East in an Era of Revolution: Synchronizing U.S. Central Command Theater Engagement
From the thesis abstract: "This study examines the coordination of the Joint Phase 0 shaping activities that take place as part of Central Command [CENTCOM] theater engagement. The focus is on horizontal synchronization across staff elements and vertical synchronization through service components. The monograph identifies the strategies required to develop and execute successful synchronization of theater engagement in the Central Command area of operations, using the four-phase land and maritime targeting cycle, also known as the D3A [Decide, Detect, Deliver, Assess] methodology. First, the study evaluates the three elements of theater engagement resident at the CENTCOM staff level: information engagement, theater security cooperation and interagency coordination. It further examines the information engagement sub-elements of information operations and strategic communications/public affairs. The monograph also evaluates the targeting support provided to each element of theater engagement. The monograph identifies where vertical synchronization is good and where horizontal synchronization is lacking. The study then evaluates the three elements of theater engagement resident in the service component commands of Air Force Central, Army Central, Marine Corps Forces Central, Navy Central and Special Operations Command Central. The monograph also evaluates the targeting support provided to each element of theater engagement in those service components. The monograph identifies where horizontal synchronization is good and where vertical synchronization is lacking. The study concludes with an action plan to enable Central Command to improve its effectiveness in synchronizing theater engagement activities, both horizontally and vertically, across its staff and through its service component commands."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Robinson, John A.
2011-05-19
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Military Support to Domestic Disaster Relief Doctrine for Operating in the Wake of the Enemy?
From the thesis abstract: "This monograph examines the applicability of Joint contingency operations doctrine and emerging Army operations doctrine to planning and executing domestic disaster relief operations. Key linkages between considerations for Joint contingency operations and Army principles for operations other than war are used as the paradigm for examining a contemporary case study of military support to domestic disaster relief operations. The case study is the 1992 Joint Task Force Andrew support to Federal response and relief efforts in southern Florida in the aftermath of Hurricane Andrew. This monograph begins by discussing the legal and regulatory framework which creates the unique context for Federal military involvement in these types of operations. The Federal Emergency Management Agency's Federal Response Plan delineates the Federal and other agency primary and supporting responsibility for the twelve Emergency Support Functions (ESFS) associated with response and relief efforts following a Presidentially declared disaster. FEMA maintains responsibility for coordinating and ensuring execution of the overall Federal response and relief effort. The supporting role of the Federal military is highlighted. […] This monograph concludes that Joint contingency operations and Army operations doctrine provides the descriptive basis for planning and conducting domestic disaster relief operations. The presumed 'doctrinal void' is in the area of 'Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures' rather than doctrine."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Smart, A.G.
1993-05-14
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Operational Logistics, War, and Operations Other than War: What Applies?
From the thesis abstract: "This study assesses the role of operational logistics in a war environment and in an operations other than war (OOTW) environment by way of conducting a historical analysis of Desert Storm and humanitarian assistance operations in Somalia. A framework of campaign design elements is used to examine how operational logistics was integrated into each operation, and to what degree the design elements influenced the logistic support in the particular environment. Three conclusions stem from the research. One, the warfighting concept of operational logistics is transferrable when supporting certain operations other than war missions. The operational logistics functions apply, regardless of the environment in which it is executed. Therefore, from a functional approach, this study supports the idea that the operational level of war is applicable to the OOTW environment. The second conclusion is the construct of applying campaign design elements as criteria for measuring the integration and application of operational logistics was tested and found to be useful. It appears this use of criteria elements can serve as a template for operational logistics efforts both in war and peace, provided the functional aspect of the design element, vice the doctrinal 'pure' definition, be considered when applying it to the different environments. The final implication of this study is it reaffirms that as one progresses up the levels of war, the distinction between strategy and logistics erodes. Additionally, the peculiarities of the OOTW environment, especially as noted in the humanitarian relief efforts conducted in Somalia, are such that logistics may become the principal means of policy. This in turn, offers implications regarding the subordination of logistics to warfighting, whereby warfighting capability support logistics."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Currie, James G.
1995-05-19
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En la Boca del Lobo· In The Mouth of the Wolf: The US Military and the Drug War in Peru
From the monograph's abstract: "This monograph examines the US military involvement in the 'drug war' since 1989, as well as some of the issues that the military officer may have to deal with while conducting counterdrug operations in Peru. In 1989, the Secretary of Defense issued guidance to the armed services identifying drug trafficking as a national security problem. This guidance also established that the Department of Defense (DOD) would play a key role in combating this problem. Since that time, the US military has become increasingly involved with the war on drugs. The connection between Peruvian insurgent groups such as the Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) and narcotraffickers is a difficult one to prove conclusively. Both parties operate illegally and the details of their internal operations are not readily available. The Sendero Luminoso levy a tax on coca incomes to gain capital, but this is not excessive. The coca producing area is appealing not only to the Sendero Luminoso, but also to the 'Tupac Amaru' Revolutionary Movement (MRTA). Both groups fight the Peruvian Armed Forces as well as each other. To combat the rise in illegal drug use in the United States, the federal government has developed a National Drug Control Strategy (NDCS). The NDCS serves as an official statement by the Administration on the present status of the drug war as well as strategies for further operations."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Rodriguez, Manuel A.
2007-05-22
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China's Pacific Policy at the Turn of the Millennium
From the thesis's abstract: "Based on Barry Buzan's theory, the study concludes that today China cannot be said unequivocally to be performing as a player in a mature anarchy. It shows that there has been a change in the Chinese perception of the outside world and in China's security policy throughout the 1990s. The movement toward a more mature performance has become more marked the past seven to eight years. This research sought to determine the development and status in China's Pacific policy over the past two decades. The research used a theoretical approach provided by Buzan to analyze and determine factors relevant to security policy. Buzan recommends a broadening of the security concept both horizontally and vertically. On the horizontal axis, security is dependent on political democracy and a culture of human rights; social and economic development; environmental sustainability; and military stability. Buzan identifies five dimensions of security: political, societal, economic, environmental, and military, which serve as analytical tools. The research analyzes the five security dimensions against the various levels in the international system. The research points out a method and mechanics which ideally can give a good hint about a country's progress within the international system."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Wammen, Claus A.
2005-06-17
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Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and the Casual Link to Crime: A Looming National Tragedy
From the monograph's abstract: "Soldiers returning from service in the Global War on Terror may experience a high incidence of varying degrees of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). As such, the military leadership and society in general must, therefore, develop an in-depth understanding of PTSD and the effects that a high occurrence of this disorder in veterans and serving personnel will have on our society. The purpose of this paper is to investigate if there is a correlation between PTSD and criminal behavior in soldiers that have been incarcerated after returning from the GWOT [Global War on Terrorism] and to determine the obligations of the U.S. government/DoD [Department of Defense] to prevent, treat, and/or mitigate the problem. This study includes data collected, examined and analyzed from three primary sources. First, an existing study on PTSD and criminal behavior by James J. Collins and Susan L. Bailey which examines the correlation between PTSD and criminal behavior primarily in 1140 non-veteran North Carolina inmates. This study is included to establish whether a general causal link exists between PTSD and an incidence of violent criminal behavior."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Daniel, David L.
2008-04?
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Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) Support to Urban Operations
From the monograph abstract: "This monograph addresses the research question: are there unique ISR [intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance] capabilities to support urban military operations? The desire to explore this research question is based on the conditions: (1) shift in demographics and economics to urban areas into 2030; (2) increase of U.S. military operations on the urban landscape since the 1990s; (3) potential use of urban areas by determined foes as an asymmetric approach; and (4) availability of literature questioning if there are adequate ISR capabilities to support urban military operations. The methodology for the research consists of a thorough literature review on the characteristics of an urban environment, especially the effects that it has on threat and friendly forces operations; ISR capabilities currently in the Army as well as part of ongoing research and development programs; and case studies of Grozny, Chechnya and Hue, Vietnam. Analysis of available literature was sufficient for making generalizations of the unique ISR capabilities required to support military operations on the urban terrain compared to the conventional, open battlefield. There is a need for innovative ISR capabilities on the modern urban battlefield. The challenge of operating on urban terrain is multi-dimensional. In contrast to open terrain, the urban landscape has limited open maneuver and observation areas with line of sight concerns because of the density of man-made structures and population, subterranean areas, and possibly natural terrain features. ISR capabilities in urban areas should include both human and technical assets, representing all the intelligence disciplines. As ISR systems are designed, there should be emphasis on as many collectors as possible to be unmanned; miniature, unobservable (stealthy); capable of transmitting what they see, hear, smell and/or sense through walls, windows, tunnels, and electrical conduits; and are part of a network centric architecture. The ongoing Army initiative to transform from a legacy force into an objective force offers an ideal window of opportunity to design and procure the ISR capabilities essential to support urban military operations."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Bush, Bichson
2000-11-16
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Military Innovation Through Lethal Logistical Capabilities
From the Thesis Abstract: "What does the future of armed conflict look like for the US military and specifically the Army? This paper will argue an American Way of War and a need to modernize during an interwar period will shape the future of American armed conflict. These forces, combined with technological revolutions in the civilian sector will logically influence the direction of future military capabilities. The paper will present the idea of the third offset and how the US military will achieve it. Next this paper will show some of the efforts the military is making to automate logistics and illustrate the ways businesses are using autonomy to innovate. Finally, the monograph will make the argument that expresses what leading theorists believe the future of armed conflict will look like, and then make recommendations for how the US military can improve the future war-making concepts and capabilities."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Hilliard, E. Jerome
2018-05-24
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Marine Corps Operating Concept: Neglecting History to Develop a 21st Century Force
From the Thesis Abstract: "The 2016 Marine Corps Operating Concept (MOC); How an Expeditionary Force Operates in the 21st Century makes the assertion that the Marine Corps is currently not organized, trained, and equipped to meet the demands of a future operating environment. The MOC espouses the use of dispersed combat elements in amphibious operations and provides guidance for the generation of the future force . This monograph conducted a comprehensive examination of the development of US Amphibious Doctrine and its initial implementation during Operation Watchtower in 1942, as a case study, demonstrating that MOC fails to account for the historically proven requirement for superiority of force in amphibious operations. The monograph concludes that the MOC serves as a normative theory due to its divergence from historically demonstrated requirements for superiority of force. As such, the MOC's divergence from history jeopardizes the Marine Corp's ability to conduct decisive maneuver from the sea and field a force capable of meeting its Title 10 requirement."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Rohlfing, Matthew L.
2018-05-24
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Modern Theory of Nuclear Deterrence: Understanding 21st Century US Nuclear Posture Requirements
From the Thesis Abstract: "This monograph explores modem ideas on nuclear deterrence by reviewing, assessing, and synthesizing the history of nuclear strategic thought. The historical review of deterrence reveals nuclear deterrence theory to be obscure. By synthesizing mainstream strategic logic, the author offers a concise, general theory of nuclear deterrence. This theory highlights adaptability as a defining requisite for the nuclear force posture. Nuclear force characteristics that serve adaptability include survivability, suitable range, ability to forward deploy, prompt response capability, variable payloads, assorted weapon yields, and high delivery accuracy. These characteristics are then used as an assessment framework for the present and planned US nuclear posture."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Haley, Frederick M., III
2018-04-12
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Fighting for Intelligence: Preparing Division Intelligence Operations for Large Scale Combat
From the Thesis Abstract: "The last seventeen years of counterinsurgency operations saw many of the Army's division-level intelligence analysts and equipment remain in static, centralized tactical operations centers. The recently published Field Manual (FM) 3-0, Operations (October 2017), shifts the Army's focus from counterinsurgency to large scale ground combat operations. These operations bring with them the requirement for divisions to be able to establish multiple forward command posts (CPs) that are survivable and able to facilitate mission command in degraded and contested domains. Intelligence sections must rebalance personnel, capabilities, and equipment across all CPs a division is capable of establishing to enable the survivability of the division's Intelligence Warfighting Function. Personnel and intelligence specific equipment must move out of the Main CP and the Tactical CP to support the Support Area/Early Entry Command Post and the Mobile Command Group. This reorganization also requires adjustments in the division's communication plan to include analog communication which is required when satellite and radio communications are denied due to enemy electronic warfare."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Chavis, Brian D.
2019-05-23
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Question of Convergence: US and EU Security Strategies Between 2002 and 2016
From the Thesis Abstract: "This monograph examines the evolution of US and EU security strategies between 2002 and 2016. The United States and European Union moved towards similar policies expressed in their respective security strategy documents. The US Security Strategy 2002 (USNSS) published under President George W. Bush preferred preemption, emphasized a unilateral approach, and relied on the use of military force. In contrast the European Security Strategy (ESS) favored multilateral approaches, proliferation prevention, and the use of diplomatic and economic power. With the inauguration of President Barack H. Obama, the direction of US strategic policy has changed. The USNSS 2015 expressed a more balanced approach and focused less on military strength to cope with the given security challenges. Simultaneously the new European Union Global, Strategy 2016, which replaced the ESS, shows a slightly greater willingness to enlarge its security and defense efforts instead of mainly relying on the EU's diplomatic and economic capabilities. The monograph looks more deeply at these changes to determine whether, under President Obama, the strategies of the EU and the United States did indeed converge."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Ahaus, Daniel H.
2018-03-22
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MRAP: Not a Silver Bullet, but a Bullet Nonetheless
From the Thesis Abstract: "Secretary of Defense Robert Gates credits the MRAP [Mine Resistant Ambush Protected] for saving numerous lives. However, critics of the MRAP argue that the vehicle did not significantly reduce casualties and that it was ultimately a waste of money. The MRAP was designed to defeat explosive devices and, thereby, mitigate the number of troop casualties, but how well did it actually perform? Utilizing historical reports and military journals to investigate the US military's countermine techniques from the Vietnam War through Operation Restore Hope, and the First Gulf War up to the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan this study sought to determine whether Secretary Gates or his critics were correct."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Courtright, John R.
2018-03-22
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Canadian Forces Transformations and Canada's Way of War in the Twenty-First Century
From the Monograph Abstract: "Canada's unique 'way of war' is a product of Canadian history, geography, and political traditions. By contributing forces to larger coalitions, Canada is able to achieve security for a lower cost by relying on others to underwrite its national security. This level of security makes it possible for the Government to look inward to higher priority domestic issues. Doing so requires less focus and funding for drastic military capability development. This fact, coupled with a reduction of forces, drives a common narrative of a declining Canadian Armed Forces. In reality, the reduction of military forces is a matter of deliberate political choice driven by current global and domestic contexts and entirely consistent with Canada's way of war. Throughout its history, the Canadian Armed Forces has consistently evolved in order to achieve assigned missions. Canadian Forces Transformation initiated in 2005 is the most recent example of this ongoing evolution, and has ensured the Canadian Armed Forces is prepared to succeed in the twenty-first century in a manner consistent with Canada's traditional way of war."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Cox, Jonathan M.
2019-05-23
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Operational Art in the Megacity
From the Monograph Abstract: "This monograph examines the practice of operational art within the urban operational environment and the implications on operations inside future megacity campaigns. It highlights shortfalls that exist in US Army and Joint doctrine as applied to a megacity when taking account for the immense complexity therein. It uses the 1994 Battle of Grozny in Chechnya to illustrate some of the challenges involved at the operational level and how improper use of operational art leads to failure. It also uses the 2004 Battles of Fallujah as an example of initial improper use of operational art and the subsequent success achieved through proper application and execution of operational art in a large urban environment. It uses these two case studies to highlight specific elements of operational art which are critical to understand and execute inside of a megacity to achieve success; namely basing, operational reach, arranging operations and tempo. It concludes with recommendations to leaders and practitioners as to the best uses of these elements of operational art and their most efficient application to future conflict within megacities."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Fritze, Joseph D.
2019-05-23
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Purely Military Advice: Military Translation of Strategic Policy in Wars of Limited Aims
From the Monograph Abstract: "This monograph is meant to inform operational level military officers as they interpret political policy and develop campaign plans. Evidence demonstrates that operational artists translate presidential policy and negotiate elements of operational art from emergent political strategy. The criteria identify the commander with both the authority to advise policy makers, and the responsibility to arrange the forces capable of achieving a policy objective, as the operational artist. Case studies from the 2007 Iraq Surge and the 2009 Afghanistan Surge examine deliberations between the president and the military. Friction occurred as generals negotiated, or failed to negotiate, ways and means that would enable the development of campaign plans capable of achieving the policy maker's desired end state. The conclusion affirms Clausewitz's notion that providing 'purely military advice' to politicians is not preferable, and that operational level military officers are responsible for understanding the political aims of the war."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Mattingly, Matthew G.
2019-05-23
