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Children of Aphrodite: The Proliferation and Threat of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in the Twenty-First Century
"Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) provide crucial intelligence collection, and lethal targeting capabilities for United States, and other armed forces around the world. In Iraq and Afghanistan, they continue to demonstrate their value to commanders of all services. The United States will even use UAVs as a first line of defense in nations that prefer to keep a lower-profile while supporting U.S. actions within their borders. This is the case in Pakistan, Yemen, and potentially others as well. However, just as nations realized the value of airpower in World War I, many other nations and organizations also see the value in employing UAVs of all sizes. Where the United States employs UAVs as means to perform precision attacks to limit casualties, some non-state actors might use UAVs to spread fear, and possibly chemical or biological attacks. Others see UAVs as a means to conduct covert long-range reconnaissance of targets, transport illicit cargo with limited exposure, or to cause a desired reaction. State actors such as China, Israel, and Iran continue to develop UAVs with multiple capabilities, including air-to-air combat, long-range attacks, and reconnaissance. The U.S. military must improve its limited Counter-UAV doctrine and training programs to address this threat."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Gaub, Darin L.
2011-05-13
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Defining War in 21st Century America
"It is dangerous to assume that in today's operating environment, a universally accepted definition of what war is, and what war is not, is readily available. While most Soldiers and policy makers claim to know war, 'knowing it when they see it,' is a precarious and superficial approach. This monograph provides a framework for understanding why a comprehensive definition of war is so difficult for America to maintain, and so necessary in preparing for future conflict. The theories of Carl von Clausewitz are revisited in the context of the definition of war provided by Joint Publication 1 (JP-1), Doctrine of the Armed Forces of the Unites States. This monograph demonstrates the inadequacy of the JP-1 definition and the superficial approach in applying Clausewitzian theory to a poorly structured definition. By analyzing the reason why Clausewitz is so conspicuously present at the beginning of the U.S. Military's capstone doctrinal document, it becomes possible to appreciate the difficulty in incorporating his theory into modern decision making. The monograph utilizes Clausewitzian theory to extract a definition of war that attempts to be at once both comprehensive and comprehendible. Based upon the above, a recommendation is made that the United States military must incorporate a better structure for defining war. Educating both military and civilian leaders ultimately requires an educational process based on a definition anchored in proven theory instead of unproven rhetoric."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Hickok, William O. VI
2010-04-15
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Global War on Terrorism - The Propensity for Blacks to Serve in the U.S. Army
From the thesis abstract: "The U.S. Army has experienced a disproportionate decline in Black recruitment. Blacks, who once represented 23 percent of annual recruits, now represent less than 14 percent. What factors have caused the disproportionate decline in Black recruits? Does the decline in Black recruits impact U.S. Army diversity initiatives? The answers to these questions provide insights to measures the U.S. Army must take to reverse this trend. This monograph explores the following critical question: Has the Global War on Terrorism caused the disproportionate decline in Black recruits for the U.S. Army? It seeks to answer this critical question using the Political, Military, Economic, Social, Information, Infrastructure (PMESII) model as a framework. The Political, Economic and Social domains are deemed most important in the analysis of Black culture. The monograph analyzes these three domains to determine any factors or trends that have caused the decline in Black recruits. Also included is a detailed, historical analysis of the propensity for Blacks to serve in the U.S. Army since the Revolutionary War. The historical section presents a foundation of patriotism and willingness to serve despite racial prejudices .For the U.S. Army, a diverse force enhances readiness. The disproportionate decline of Black recruits, if not reversed, will indirectly erode diversity initiatives due to the decrease in population of future Black non-commissioned officers (NCOs). The decline hinders the U.S. Army's ability to provide a diverse NCO Corps in the future, thus threatening its ability to effectively function and fulfill its mission, potentially impacting readiness. To reverse the decline, the monograph suggests the answer lies beyond traditional high school recruiting efforts and television commercials. The professional Black officers, NCOs and soldiers of the U.S. Army must themselves reach back to Black communities to reverse this trend."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Smith, James
2006-05-25
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Command and Control: Toward Arctic Unity of Command and Unity of Effort
From the thesis abstract: "This study examines issues facing the U.S. military command and control structure in the Arctic. Specifically, given recent climate changes, the resulting potential threats, and the missions set forth by the commander in chief, what is the most effective command and control structure to provide the requisite unity of command and unity of effort in the Arctic? Looking through the lens of the U.S. Army's design model this study first defines the environment of the Arctic Region as it relates to the changing national security threat facing the United States. This environmental frame discusses recent climate changes and their effects on transportation, shipping, natural resources, and international relationships. Next, given the environmental context, this study establishes four potential problems that would require military employment. These military employment problems are military to military relationships, disaster relief, search and rescue, and violent conflict. This monograph proposes three command and control options to be examined as they relate to the previously identified problems. These three options include redefining geographic combatant command boundaries, assigning a standing Joint Task Force, or maintaining the existing command and control structure. Finally, through a subjective analysis of various command and control options available to the U.S. military, this study provides a recommendation as to the most effective option. The significance of this study is its examination of an emerging national security threat on our nation's northern border through the lens of design. While many military scholars have written on the changes in the Arctic Region, and its implications, few posit any real change to our military structure that would prepare the U.S. to meet the corresponding challenges."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Peeler, Michael J.
2011-05-19
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Communication Strategy: Proper Structure Necessary But Not Sufficient
From the thesis abstract: "Researching whether properly structured organizations, at combatant commands, develop more effective communication strategy is the purpose of this monograph. Proper structure is defined in current doctrine and key communication literature. Proper structure includes access, assessment, and capabilities. Senior military leaders argue doing the right thing is most important in communication strategy. This monograph argues that there is more to communication strategy than just doing the right thing. In order to analyze the complex issue of effective communication strategy, a systems approach is used. Effective is defined as educating, informing, and influencing target audiences to support American interests. The finding of this monograph is proper structure is necessary but not sufficient to develop effective communication strategy."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Alexander, Tom, Jr.
2010-12-24
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Steady Security: Consistency in National Security Strategy Ends
From the thesis abstract: "This paper's purpose is very modest. It answers the thesis question, 'Have the ends (interests, goals or objectives) specified in the National Security Strategies (NSS) since 1986, been consistent?' For this study, consistent is defined as whether the ends from NSS to NSS have agreed or been basically compatible with each other. The working hypothesis is that there is remarkable consistency in the ends specified in the National Security Strategies published since the passage of the Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986. For sake of analysis, this study proposes there are four 'enduring' U.S. grand strategy ends: 1) physical security of the U.S., 2) global economy, 3) democracy and human rights, 4) alliances and cooperative security. This paper does not hypothesize as to why there may or may not be consistency among NSS strategy ends. This study is not an analysis of whether implementation of the U.S. security strategy always works towards achieving the ends specified in NSSs. This paper does not attempt to detail the process of how the fourteen NSSs were crafted. This study concludes that despite the differences in style and format, the ends listed in the fourteen NSSs reviewed show remarkable consistency with each other and the four hypothesized 'enduring' ends. Establishing this fact is important, because most scholarship has focused on the output of U.S. foreign policy implementation to deduce consistency. This study focuses on the input of grand strategy ends to establish and propose a possible source of U.S. foreign policy consistency."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Wormley, Michael A.
2010-05-04
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Amphibious Operations: The Operational Response to a Third World Crisis
From the thesis abstract: "With the current changes in world structure, alliances and the reduction in the size of the armed forces of the U.S., operational art and AirLand Battle become increasingly important as concepts. FM 100-5, Operations, published in 1986, establishes what operational art is, yet this concept is usually associated with a European scenario and mature theater of war. With the current changes taking place in the world, it becomes increasingly possible that future crises and commitment of forces will be in the Third World region. Even with this change in focus, an understanding of the operational level of war is important. The purpose of this study is to determine if amphibious operations could be utilized in the Third World to exercise operational art and execute the operational level of war. Given that the majority of conflicts in the Third World will be in an immature theater, this suggests conditions that will require flexibility, self-sustainment, and a force capable to meet multiple threats. The study draws on the main concepts of operational art from FM 100-5, historical examples of amphibious operations as operational art, and how these operations may be utilized in the future in conjunction with the military options available to the NCA [National Command Authority]. The conclusions show that amphibious forces and amphibious operations offer a potent operational response in a Third World theater of operations. However, this type of response may not be the total answer. Force ratios, time-distance relationships, and response time are key issues that must always be considered."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Driest, Charles W.
1990-06-07
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System for Humanitarian Intervention?
From the thesis abstract: "This monograph investigates the reasons for the lack of coordination and combined effort between political leadership, military engagement and humanitarian activity during a humanitarian intervention. […] The monograph first describes the changed nature of conflicts with the end of the Cold War and defines intra state conflicts, which result in failed states, as happened in Somalia, as the most likely type of conflict for the foreseeable future. After a brief description of the nature of humanitarian intervention as a new type of peace operation in a post-Cold War environment and the anatomy of a failed state the focus is on analyzing the political-, military-, and humanitarian key actor's criteria for action and success in humanitarian interventions. The monograph discusses the reasons for failure in humanitarian interventions like Somalia as a combination of the key actor's still Cold War dominated event-or situation-oriented view instead of a process-oriented view necessary to create a 'New World Order' and not adjusted criteria for action and success in a new crises environment. The basis for the lack of political, military and humanitarian cooperation is the missing combined systematic approach for conflict resolution. The study concludes in defining three basic principles -the acceptance of humanitarian intervention as a process, the necessary shift from a force-oriented to a time-oriented approach, and the application of a dynamic combined strategy -for a system to successfully combine the political, military and humanitarian dimensions of a humanitarian intervention."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Halbauer, Volker
1997-05-22
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Creating a DoD Strategic Information Support Center
From the thesis abstract: "The US Armed Forces needs a new organization capable of remaining competitive in an ever-expanding global information environment, adapting to reach both illiterate and technologically-savvy audiences of the 21st Century, developing information strategies to shape the global information environment, and responding to positive and negative information within the global information environment. The U.S military must shed its Cold War-organization, policy, doctrine, and equipment and prepare for the 21st Century. If the military fails to adapt, some other non-military organization may take its place. The new organization may have the expertise, but not the loyalty or deployability that a Department of Defense Strategic Information Support Center (D-SISC, pronounced DEE-SIK) could have. Interagency coordination regarding information activities conducted by the military and other government organizations is episodic at best. Currently, there is no standing organization at the military strategic level to conduct interagency coordination and deconfliction between military and other governmental information activities. In an environment of shrinking budgets, increased operational tempo, and continued downsizing, the US Armed Forces must change to meet the needs of the 21st Century and Joint Vision 2010. Recent history demonstrates that the side with the ability to rapidly present its policy, strategy, and position to a variety of audiences in a coherent manner achieves an information advantage. A single organization, such as the DoD Strategic Information Support Center, from which military information activities can be coordinated, integrated, deconflicted, and synchronized is a step in the right direction."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Gallogly-Staver, Erin J.
1999-05-27
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NATO Strategy and Out-of-Area Operations
From the abstract: "This monograph examines the viability of recent NATO out-of-area operations, specifically in Kosovo and Afghanistan. It illustrates that the complex decision-making bureaucracy of NATO can be a detriment to the capabilities of the alliance and limits the strategic options available to the organization. By studying strategy development after the end of the Cold War and leading up to the commitment of NATO to the ISAF [International Security Assistance Force], it becomes clear that these structures and processes do not easily facilitate the formation of a coherent strategy that meets alliance objectives. During times of conflict, especially those well outside of alliance boundaries, more flexible and adaptable institutional structures are necessary for effective war prosecution. Through this approach, it becomes apparent that the anticipated new strategic concept must once again adapt the alliance in order to remain relevant in the contemporary security environment."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Sendmeyer, Scott A.
2010-12-02
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Defense Support to Civil Authorities Surveying Institutional Challenges
From the thesis abstract: "Since the attacks on 9/11 and the subsequent establishment of the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of Defense (DoD) has struggled with its role in Defense Support to Civil Authorities. Although most disasters can be handled by first responders and mobilized state National Guard units, catastrophic regional disasters or terror attacks could quickly overwhelm those resources triggering a large-scale total force response from the DoD. The current framework, while adequate for the majority of the disasters that affect the nation, may prove itself insufficient for the day given the modern threat to the homeland. Institutional challenges prevent the rapid designation, preparation, and employment of military forces to support civil authorities when a national disaster occurs. These challenges are the consequence of both statutory provisions that restrict the development of an adequate command structure and operating requirements that prevent preparation for incident response from receiving adequate attention. Effective disaster response requires a collaborative effort across the interagency and between the Federal and State governments to anticipate and overcome challenges prior to an event. […] This monograph assesses the relevance of the statutes that define DoD's constraints for conducting operations in the homeland and the adequacy of the current framework to determine if the structure is sufficient for a rapid response to unexpected catastrophic disaster. Furthermore, the research examined the protocols that govern disaster response across the whole of government to determine exactly how the DoD in a supporting role, integrates itself within National Incident Management System. Finally, the research yields some recommendations for leveraging DoD capabilities within the current framework."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Murtha, Anthony T.
2009-05-21
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Strategic PSYOP: Coordinating Worldwide Psychological Operations - Is There a National Requirement for a Strategic Psychological Operations Organization?
From the thesis abstract: "Psychological Operations (PSYOP) is a cornerstone of the United States' Information Operations and is a combat multiplier. As defined by Joint Doctrine, Psychological Operations (PSYOP) are operations planned to convey selected information and indicators to foreign audiences to influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and ultimately the behavior of foreign governments, organizations, groups, and individuals. A Strategic PSYOP organization is necessary to breach the gap between diplomatic and political statements and actions and those statements and actions by military organizations. To be effective, PSYOP must operate in, with and amongst the national leadership and governmental organizations. Current operations in the Global War on Terror focus on the need to coordinate, integrate and conduct Psychological Operations at the strategic level."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Acevedo, David
2003-04-13
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Information Operations - A New Tool for Peacekeeping
From the thesis abstract: "This monograph discusses the application of information operations to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of peace missions ranging from peacekeeping to peace imposition. Using a variety of models and an examination of the components of information operations this monograph demonstrates the applicability of these operations to peace missions. Examples from recent history provide a backdrop for evaluating previous applications and investigating other potential uses of information operations to support peace missions. […] The monograph first examines the status of international relations as a result of the demise of the Soviet Union and the rise of information technology. The impact of these two earthshaking events have forever changed the face the world. As the nations of the world seek a new geometry of relationships without the Soviet Union the level of violence continues to rise. Without the unifying ideologies of the Cold War, many nations are seeking identity through ethnicity. This factor in conjunction with a freedom to act completely in promotion of national interests without the specter of a global nuclear war has led to a very unstable world. […] Information operations allow cost effective solutions to violence by reducing the resources required to keep the peace. Peace missions can use information operations to reduce forces necessary to make peace, bypass belligerent leaders to inform populations about alternatives to violent solutions, and control the ability of belligerents to continue conflict. The maturation of the information age provides an opportunity to establish a 'Pax Informationus' and retain sufficient national resources to address domestic problems."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Phillips, Gary E.
1997-05-22
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Offensive Cyber Capability: Can it Reduce Cyberterrorism?
From the monograph abstract: "The subject of cyberterrorism has become a topic of increasing importance to both the U.S. government and military. Offensive cyber capabilities provide a means to mitigate risk to U.S. systems that depend on the Internet to conduct business. In combination with passive security measures, offensive cyber capabilities seem to add to the level of Internet security thereby securing cyberspace for all Americans. The intent of this monograph is to identify the strengths and weaknesses of an offensive cyber capability in order to visualize the various options and tradeoffs necessary to achieve an acceptable level of security. The findings of the monograph highlights an offensive cyber capability can reduce the threat of cyberterrorism. It is clear from the agent based model that the addition of this resource with passive defensive measures can lead to higher cyberterrorist kills and fewer nodal compromises. An offensive cyber capability grants the state the ability to take direct action against a perceived threat however, the risk is high for attacking an innocent bystander. In order for the U.S. to achieve an acceptable level of security, it cannot be too reliant on offensive cyber capabilities."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Marshall, Stephen M.
2010-12-02
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Blurred Strategy: Collaborating Civil-Military Interagency Doctrine for Post Conflict Operations
From the thesis abstract: "The premise for this study evolved during Operation IRAQI FREEDOM (OIF). It stems from a perception that the combat plan for the Coalition force invasion worked brilliantly but noticeably absent was a detailed plan for transitioning to peace. This study conducts a thorough review of the current joint military doctrine and the interagency policy and guidance relevant to post-conflict operations, complex contingency and Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW). It includes a case study of the formal USG [United States government] civil-military interagency planning effort for OIF's post-conflict operations. It creatively employs a gap analysis research strategy in concert with a case study methodology, the research addresses its primary research question: Is joint military doctrine sufficiently robust to be adopted by the USG civil-military planning community as the framework for developing a single integrated doctrine for planning complex contingency and post-conflict operations?"
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Chanez, Jaime S.
2004-05-26
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Shaping Colombia's Stability through Strategic Communication: Evaluating U.S. Effectiveness
From the thesis abstract: "Colombia's future hangs in the balance with dire implications for Latin America and U.S. national interests. After almost forty-five years of existential conflict, Colombia has the opportunity to be a peaceful and stable country, which is essential for regional stability and U.S. national interests. The Colombian government has the 'Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia' (FARC), or the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, on the ropes. The FARC, a social revolutionary and narco-terrorist group who is Colombia's greatest organized threat, faces open opposition and isolation from the Colombian populace and the international community. However, the group's communist roots enable it to regain sufficient traction in a country with the socio-economic conditions fertile for leftist ideology. Given Colombia's strategic importance, the U.S. needs to continue support for the government's operations against the FARC, most decisively through strategic communication efforts. Strategic communication, a vital tool in the 21st century information environment, is necessary to shape the FARC's long-term decline. Maintaining popular support and insurgent-population isolation, prerequisites for any successful counterinsurgency, is the priority for the Colombian government. […] To measure effectiveness, five evaluation criteria are presented: context, content, coordination, delivery, and assessment. Context ensures the communicator has effectively structured the issue and has a systemic understanding of the situation. Content analyzes whether the narrative will resonate with the audience. Coordination ensures the actions and words are coordinated and synchronized vertically and horizontally to achieve a synergistic effect. Delivery ensures the methods employed are in line with the context of the environment. Finally, assessment ensures that the received messages lead to anticipated and desired consequences. "
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Colucci, Craig C.
2009-05-21
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Assessment of Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield Doctrine for Humanitarian Assistance Operations
From the thesis abstract: "This monograph assesses the process of Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield (IPB) for humanitarian assistance operations. Three case studies of operations conducted overseas for which humanitarian assistance was the primary focus serve as the basis for the assessment. The case studies illustrate how the IPB process is an inadequate tool for analyzing the complex environments in which humanitarian assistance operations take place. This monograph concludes with some recommendations for intelligence preparation based on Peter M. Senge's writings on general systems thinking. The body of the monograph presents background on humanitarian assistance operations, IPB, and the case studies. It draws on the U.S. National Security Strategy and the Joint Publications series to define the U.S. military role in humanitarian assistance operations. Background on the IPB process comes from 1994 version of Field Manual 34-130, Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield. This section identifies the implicit and explicit assumptions of the process. The monograph then discusses the case studies in terms of the assumptions. […] Finally, a consideration of theory draws on Senge's discussion of mental models and dynamic complexity. Overcoming the limitations that the IPB process creates involves breaking the present mental model and learning to deal with dynamic complexity. Taking advice from Senge's approach, the monograph recommends changing the IPB doctrine. It calls for a new process based on a different set of assumptions and not reliant on templates, but adapted to uncertainty, change, and the importance of interrelationships."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Snider, Lauri J.
1995-12
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War on Drugs -- Can an Operational Artist Help Win It?
From the thesis abstract: "The purpose of this paper is to examine the current drug war and to determine if an operational artist's approach to planning and problem solving is applicable for the United States in its war against drugs. This paper is significant because the military's role in the drug war, while limited and sporadic in the past, is increasing, and if civilian agencies currently fighting the lion's share of the war continue to lose ground, then the military can expect to see its involvement significantly expanded. The following methodology was used to examine the drug war and to make a determination concerning the applicability of an operational artist's methods. First, a current estimate of the drug war is presented. Its purpose is to identify the drug war's major participants; present their goals, objectives, and strategies; identify their bases, lines of operation and current
use of available means and methods of operation; and discuss possible strengths and weaknesses. Second, the central concepts of operational art are identified and discussed and a determination is made concerning their applicability. The concepts examined are; operational art itself, centers of gravity, the relationship between ends, ways, means, and strategy, campaign planning, branches and sequels, culminating points, and operational
maneuver. In addition operational guidance for the design and conduct of an operational artist's campaign plan for the drug war is presented. This study concludes that the central concepts of operational art and an operational artist's planning methods are applicable and can help the U.S. turn the tide in its war on drugs."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Smith, Matthew L.
1989-05-06
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Triad - A Relook - Should the United States Retain Its Land Based ICBM Force?
From the thesis abstract: "The United States has maintained a Triad of strategic nuclear delivery systems since the early 1960's. This Triad includes strategic bombers, intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBM), and submarine launched ballistic missiles (SLBM). The redundancy and mutual support provided by the Triad provided the United States with a credible nuclear deterrent during the Cold War confrontation with the Soviet Union. Each element of the Triad has distinct attributes for deterrent and warfighting roles. In the emerging aftermath of the Cold War it is appropriate to determine if the United States needs to retain its ICBM force of 1,000 missiles. This study reviews the evolution of the Triad and U.S. nuclear strategy, and examines the continuing need for the ICBM force against the following criteria: threat, alternatives to the ICBM, the advantages and disadvantages to retaining the ICBM capability, and the impact of the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) on the ICBM force? This study determines that the threat issue is the dominant criteria and concludes that the United States can sometime in the not too distant future retire most of its ICBM force, but first must negotiate with the former Soviet republics to achieve a significant reduction or total elimination of their strategic nuclear forces. Although those fledgling new republics should have no desire to threaten the United States, the existence of their vast nuclear capabilities, particularly ICBMs, must be seriously considered by U.S. defense planners."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Skelton, John D.
1992-02-10
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To Predict or Not Predict: Crossroads for Tactical Intelligence?
From the thesis abstract: "This monograph discusses the nature of tactical intelligence prediction in military operations. Such prediction is extremely complex and involves a broad range of factors from traditional military ones such as terrain and doctrine to more non-traditional ones of human behavior and perceptual mechanisms. While the traditional factors are important, the non-traditional ones are no less so and often hinder accurate prediction. The monograph first examines the U.S. Army's doctrinal requirement for tactical intelligence prediction, both past and present. Next, it discusses and clarifies the relationships of the concepts of 'capabilities,' 'enemy intent,' and 'prediction.' Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield (IPB) is then examined as a vehicle for intelligence prediction. The monograph then moves on to describe the behavioral aspects of prediction in terms of individual and organizational factors which inhibit objective analysis. Historical examples are provided. Finally, an expanded version of IPB is offered as an analytical model offering a more comprehensive and objective approach to tactical intelligence prediction. The monograph conclusion is that U.S. Army doctrine does require tactical intelligence to be predictive in nature, that IPB is inadequate as the current predictive method, and that the suggested analytical model will improve our ability to predict enemy courses of action."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Linden, Linda L.
1990-03-26
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Paradigm Found - The Nuclear and Nonlinear Battlefields
From the thesis abstract: "This monograph explores the similarity between the nuclear battlefield of the Pentomic Era and the nonlinear battlefield described in TRADOC [U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command] Pamphlet 525- 5 AirLand Operations: A Concept for the ~volution of AirLand Battle for the Strateqic Armv of the 1990's and Beyond. This concept is based on the assumption that future battlefields will be nonlinear (more open, less dense). Since the ideas in this pamphlet will guide developments in doctrine, organization, training, materiel, and leader and soldier development, examining this nonlinear battlefield is important. Many aspects of the Pentomic Era's nuclear battlefield are similar to the nonlinear battlefield. If a strong enough connection can be made between the two, some of the nuclear battlefield's testing and analysis data could be used to guide future nonlinear battlefield analysis. The methodology used for objectively determining similarity between the two battlefields is based on comparing the nonlinear battlefield described in TRADOC Pamphlet 525-5 to the nuclear battlefield described in various Pentomic Era books, articles, and studies. The test criteria are: battlefield characteristics (descriptive aspects which set the battlefield apart from preceding descriptions); battlefield relationships (relationships between activities, friendly and enemy forces, and combat and sustainment forces); and combat power dynamics (from FM 100-5 Operations -maneuver, firepower, protection, and leadership). Additionally, the Soviet view of the nonlinear/nuclear battlefield relationship is discussed as further evidence linking the two battlefield descriptions. Finally, the monograph ends with comments on the utility of studying military history."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
LeGare, J. Marc
1993-02-04
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Stability Operations and the Colombian Army: A Case for Implementation of New Doctrine
From the thesis abstract: "Colombia has been involved in an internal conflict since 1949 following the assassination of the popular liberal political leader, Jorge Eliecer Gaitan. Afterward, the two radical political parties, liberals and conservatives, began a bloody struggle that grew systematically creating today's narco-terrorist organization FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia) and some other smaller ones. When Alvaro Uribe Velez assumed the presidency of Colombia in 2002, he developed the Democratic Defense and Security Policy Democratic Defense and Security Policy (DDSP), which for the first time involved all of elements of national power to fight narco-terrorism. Colombian Military Forces in the last decade have achieved a high degree of success in military combat operations. The kidnappings and terrorist attacks have decreased while cocaine seizure and international investments have increased. But this success is not enough if the state as a whole does not help to develop all regions […]. Therefore, Military Stability Operations become very important for Colombia because the military is the element of national power that ensures state presence in every region of Colombia to include those with some actual threat by terrorist organizations […]. By implementing in other countries the proposed model for stability operations in Colombia, the U.S. and allies could reduce their military presence abroad and focus on economic support and development. Home country military and governmental agencies would be the 'face' of the operations in their own countries and therefore the transition would be easier than the actual transition in Iraq."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Correa, Juan C.
2010-04-28
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Leveraging Operational Preparation of the Environment in the GWOT
From the thesis abstract: "USSOCOM's [United States Special Operations Command] effective execution of operational preparation of the environment (OPE) is a critical component in the strategy for winning the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT). OPE is a series of activities that seek to enable future operations by allowing U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) personnel to enhance their situational awareness and understanding within an area of interest and improve operational responsiveness. Joint Publication 3-13 defines OPE as 'non-intelligence activities conducted to plan and prepare for potential follow-on military operations' conducted under Title 10 authority. Through predictive analysis and preemptive action, the United States can identify potential terrorist support areas, enhance situational understanding of these regions, and set the conditions to find, fix, and finish terrorists in these locations as or even before they take root. Conducting OPE in concert with our host and partner nation allies in areas of current or potential future terrorist activity is the means by which we can unobtrusively enhance our situational understanding and expedite the targeting and destruction of terrorist networks. OPE does fulfill key requirements outlined in the various national strategies to include disrupting and destroying terrorist organizations of global reach, denying safe haven, sustaining our intelligence advantage, and posturing for strategic uncertainty. It is an excellent method of achieving situational awareness and understanding, extending operational reach and responsiveness, and ultimately shorting the time between find to finish."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Kenny, Michael T.
2006-05-25
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Why is the United States Losing the War of Words in the Global War on Terror? Identifying Causes of Failure in U.S. Communication Strategy
From the thesis abstract: "The U.S. (U.S.) Government's ability to influence friends and foes around the world has immense strategic implications that can either enhance U.S. strategic objectives or contribute to a loss of U.S. power. Nine years after the beginning of the Global War on Terror, America's credibility is at an all time low in the eyes of world opinion. This is largely due to the loss of effectiveness of U.S. information management. This paper proposes that the U.S. Government's failure to communicate its strategic message is due to three causative factors-poorly defined policy, no central agency to dictate and manage messages, and an outdated message model. The author analyzes each of these factors and proposes alternatives. Additionally, in order to reinforce this analysis this paper demonstrates a comparison of failed U.S. methodologies to successful Jihadi Extremist methodologies. The author posits that Jihadi extremist communications methodologies are succeeding because they are easily recognizable, managed by a central organization, and rely on the most contemporary media models to target specific audiences. The author concludes that unless the U.S. defines a recognizable message, establishes a cabinet-level information agency, and updates its messaging model, it will never be able to counter effectively the rhetoric of Jihadi extremists."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Roach, Alfred S.
2010-05-17
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How Thin Is the Ice?: The Potential for Collapse in Today's Army
From the thesis abstract: "Is it possible to determine how close an army is to collapse? Are there indictors that give warning that the force is reaching the limits of its endurance? With the U.S. Army in its seventh year of sustained combat in the War on Terror with no end in sight, these questions are of more than passing interest. Many people, from military leaders to security experts to elected officers have voiced concerns about impact of sustained combat operations on the Army. How thin, really, is the ice upon the U.S. Army now skates? An examination of some historical examples of military collapse leads to the conclusion that early warnings are frequently seen in an army's individual discipline, small unit cohesion, and effective leadership, with the most typical pattern being a slow but steady rise in warning signs followed by a rapid acceleration leading up to collapse. A survey of individual discipline, small unit cohesion, and effective leadership in today's Army reveals that, although there are many signs that the Army remains more healthy than often depicted, there are clear indicators of problems in all three areas. These conclusions lead to specific recommendations about the Army's unit rotation policy, the balance of experience and education in its leader development programs, and the Army's role in maintaining national will during protracted conflicts."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
McLamb, Joseph S.
2010-04-07
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Chinese Strategic Art: A Cultural Framework for Assessing Chinese Strategy
From the thesis abstract: "This monograph examines the ambiguities of Chinese strategic and military thought and introduces a new concept of Chinese Strategic Art to help analysts understand how the People's Republic of China (PRC) thinks about and practices strategy. This monograph argues that there is a distinct Chinese strategic culture which combines with the principles of strategic theory to create Chinese Strategic Art. The study uses a qualitative case study methodology and applies the Chinese Strategic Art framework to three case studies to evaluate and assess the subjective conditions that influence the PRC leadership's decision to use military force. The three case studies are: the Korean War, the Sino-Vietnamese War, 1979, and the Sino-Taiwanese conflict. The study finds that the PRC will use military force as a means of developing or affirming relationships with other countries, particularly the United States and the Soviet Union. The study also finds that the distinct holistic approach of Chinese strategists, which focuses on interrelationships and dialectical understanding, influences their use of military force. The study of Chinese Strategic Art is beneficial to US military officers as it not only expands understanding of the PRC's strategic decision making, but may also complement US strategic thinking."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Kuniyuki, Kaname K.
2010-04-16
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Uyghur Movement China's Insurgency in Xinjiang
From the thesis abstract: "In 742, a predominantly Turko-Mongolian steppe nomadic tribe known today as the Uyghurs migrated eastward from eastern Turkey towards the oases of modern-day Xinjiang province of China; they have remained there for the last 1,268 years. Throughout this time, this population has endured the hardships of political, economic, cultural, ethnic, and religious persecution ranging from nomadic tribal disputes to unrelenting and brutal aggression from the Chinese government. The purpose of this monograph is to analyze the impacts of Chinese persecution on the Uyghur population in order to determine the potential Chinese policy provides for Al Qaeda-like terrorist organizations to influence, or establish a foothold within, Xinjiang. By analyzing previous Uyghur uprisings and current Chinese policy using the models of insurgency as prescribed by David Galula and Bard E. O'Neill, this monograph seeks to test the author's hypotheses: Chinese persecution of the Uyghur population will create a Uyghur insurgency; and focused persecution is providing the means for establishment of regional ties to external global ideological organizations like Al Qaeda. This monograph concludes that the current U.S. led global war on terrorism has provided China with the requisite freedom to act against the Uyghurs without repercussion and has enabled the emergence of Al Qaeda and its satellite organizations in Central Asia, therefore providing a direct link between this organization and radicalized Uyghur youth."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Patrick, Shawn M.
2010-05-20
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Hearts & Minds That Matter Most: Maintaining American National Will
From the thesis abstract: "The national will of the United States, and other democratic nations, is far more vulnerable today than in the past. Changes in society and technology have allowed enemies to adapt. The character of war has evolved into a more unorthodox type of warfare; one that uses transnational networks and information age technology to conduct guerrilla tactics, terrorism, and psychological warfare against vastly more powerful nations on a scale never seen before in history. Adversaries avoid conventional military engagements, exploit democratic vulnerabilities, and directly target national will in the attempt to slowly influence a long-term shift in that will. It is imperative for the U.S. government and the American people to understand this threat and find a strategy to maintain national will in the face of a determined foe."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Jacobsen, Timothy S.
2008-05-15
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Force of No Choice: The Role of the Military in Interagency Operations
From the thesis abstract: "This paper examines how the nature of the contemporary conflict environment shapes the military contribution to interagency operations. Modern conflict is increasingly centered on a changed manifestation of war from a contest between state based massed armies to also include a range of non state actors in dynamic tension, within a complex operational environment. The nature of conflict remains essentially political, resting on a contest of wills to shape and influence popular perceptions, but has been made increasingly difficult through the four interrelated trends of complexity, diversity, diffusion and lethality. Within this arena, control of populations and perceptions is the decisive and central event, with battle being a means to an end. Battlefields are now more often social structures than terrain, with ideas as weapons, human minds the targets and the will of the people the prize. Success in this new contest of wills requires more than application of conventional military force alone, but rather a comprehensive interagency approach to operations."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Cantwell, Damian M.
2008-05-19
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Suitability of Defector Operations Applied Against Al Qaeda
From the thesis abstract: "This monograph examines defector operations and their suitability as a weapon for use against Al Qaeda. The United States has a long history of conducting Defector Operations. During the Vietnam conflict 194,000 enemy personnel defected to the United States and her ally. The majority of these individuals were then exploited for intelligence, propaganda, and other capabilities beneficial to the allies and detrimental to the communist cause. In spite of this and other similar experiences there is barely a mention of defector operations in modern unclassified doctrine; nor, more importantly, have defector operations been employed as a weapon against Al Qaeda. Al Qaeda has many characteristics in common with the Vietnam insurgents as well as other insurgencies from the last century against whom defector operations were applied. These common characteristics make Al Qaeda similarly susceptible to the capabilities of defector operations."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Bozzelli, Joseph P.
2008-03-19
