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IPB: Predicting an Unpredictable Enemy: Why do we do it? Why the S2 can't do it? Why the staff should?
"The purpose of this study is to determine why intelligence officers acting as battalion S-2 have difficulty predicting the enemy. It hypothesizes that two causes: lack of experience of the principal officers conducting IPB and inadequate emphasis on the staff's role in IPB have cascading effects that prevent staffs and commanders from mastering the planning process (which inevitable effects execution). The study explores several fundamental questions. First, why predict at all? It attempts to answer this question through a study of the neurology of prediction as it relates to action and thinking. Three major sources are used to support the study's findings. These include the studies of Jeff Hawkins, the founder of Palm Pilot and a student of neuroscience from his book On Intelligence; Richard Heuer, a social psychologist that works for the CIA from his work The Psychology of Intelligence Analysis; and Abraham Maslow, the renowned psychologist from his work A Theory of Human Motivation. Second, the study researches why the military is so connected to action. This is accomplished through a survey of the Army's Doctrine both past and present. Next the study answers why some predict better than others. The study shows how our current manning methodology for S-2s at the battalion and brigade level is flawed."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Acord, Michael Dane
2007-03-23
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Need for Rapid Acquisition Programs in the Army to Face an Adaptive Enemy
"The purpose of this paper is to explore the necessity of having and maintaining a form of rapid acquisition capability within the Army. Future challenges envisioned by President Bush are presented to the United States military forces by an adaptive enemy during operations in support of the current Global War on Terrorism in Iraq and Afghanistan. The Rapid Equipping Force (REF) and the Rapid Fielding Initiative (RFI) are two recent Army initiatives developed to bridge capability gaps outside the traditional acquisition cycle in order to successfully combat an adaptive enemy in wartime. Supported through large amounts of temporary GWOT supplemental verses planned funding as part of the Army's Program Objective Memorandum, REF and RFI provide necessary equipment to operational commanders during the Army's largest equipment fielding effort since World War II. Both organizations reside outside the normal traditional acquisition infrastructure of the Army but are complimentary in mission scope and nature. These lessons learned from REF and RFI success demonstrate, at a minimum, the need to maintain and incorporate a system of rapid acquisition within the current Army acquisition process and the Army Force Generation in order to provide the best possible wartime support to tactical and operational commanders."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Brickson, Andrew P.
2007-05-24
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Disrupting Threat Finances: Utilization of Financial Information to Disrupt Terrorist Organizations in the Twenty-First Century
"This monograph focuses on the ways the U.S. Government can effectively fight terrorist organizations beyond simply trying to deny terrorist access to financing. Specifically, the U.S. Government can use financial information as the 'string' that leads to all aspects of terrorist operations. By disrupting access to financial resources and, more importantly, following its trail, the U.S. Government through coordinated intelligence, investigations, prosecutions, sanctions, and diplomacy within the Interagency, private sector, allies, and partner nations, can enhance U.S. security, disrupt terrorist operations and mitigate terrorist effects on U.S. strategic interests."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Anderson, Wesley J.L.
2007-04-11
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Diasporas in America: Negative Effects and Mitigation
"Throughout human history, people have migrated from one place to another across the globe. Since the creation of nation-states, the migration of people has been seen as emigrating from one country and immigrating to another. The purpose of this monograph is to explore a certain type of immigration, known as 'diaspora formation,' specifically with respect to the United States. Historically, the word 'diaspora' has referred almost exclusively to the forced Jewish population dispersion throughout the world and their eventual return to their homeland. However, in modern times, the word 'diaspora' has taken on a different context altogether. Advances in technology, such as communication and transportation, as well as a worldwide economic imbalance between rich and poor, have enabled modern diasporas to become an international force, politically and economically. The open, wealthy societies of the West, especially the United States, have become targets for millions of people in less-privileged societies. The drain of money, both domestic and international, and the increasing political influence resulting from diaspora formation is undermining the elements of America's national power. This monograph examines the negative effects of diasporas within the United States and concludes that the Federal Government must take affirmative steps to recognize the negative effects of diasporas and to develop an enforceable policy for dealing with diaspora formation within its borders. Without recognition and affirmative action, the United States will see its economic and diplomatic elements of national power continue to dwindle in the years ahead."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Perry, Kristopher
2007-04-10
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CCIR for Complex and Uncertain Environments
"This monograph examines the concept of Commander's Critical Information Requirements (CCIR) and determines if the doctrine is suitable for particularly complex operations, like counterinsurgency (COIN). CCIR was developed to accomplish three distinct purposes: (1) maintain situational understanding, (2) support decision points, and (3) manage information. A fourth purpose -- to support assessment -- is a relatively new addition. These purposes were all developed with conventional warfare in mind. Lessons learned from unconventional wars against insurgents or guerrillas were rarely applied to the concept of CCIR, and were systematically removed from doctrine when they did appear. However, Commanders involved in COIN have developed new tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) for creating and using CCIR. These TTPs often directly contradict existing doctrine and result in information requirements that fail to meet the criteria established for conventional warfare. These TTPs result from a doctrine that is ambiguous, confusing, and overly complex. CCIR can be considered to be part of an intuitive decision maker's response to uncertainty, and are highly suitable for use in a complex environment. However, their use is contingent on a clear and simple description of CCIR purposes, and an understanding of the difference between execution and adjustment decisions. Chapter 1 summarizes the Army's doctrine for CCIR, introduces key terms and concepts, and discusses relevant issues. Chapter 2 is a literature review that traces the historical development of CCIR in Army doctrine. Beginning shortly after World War I and going through doctrinal manuals published as recently as 2006, it examines the development of CCIR in three distinct periods. Chapter 3 addresses the use of CCIR in complex environments, particularly counterinsurgency operations. It also examines complexity theory and its implications for C2, intuitive decision making, and information overload."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Spinuzzi, Marc A.
2007-05-01
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Fighting Islamic Terrorists With Democracy: A Critique
"The response of U.S. foreign policy to the volatile rise of global jihadism in the wake of the 9/11 attacks has been sweeping and multifaceted. One key pillar of U.S. strategic response has been the active promotion of Western representative democracy in those regions of the Islamic world identified as jihadist centers of incubation (namely: Afghanistan and Iraq). This objective-commitment to establishing representative democracies in Afghanistan and Iraq-has required, and continues to require, an impressive investment of U. S. resources, political capital, and international goodwill. In light of such continuing investment, the salient question that his monograph explores is whether the pursuit of representative democracy is a feasible and profitable, or quixotic and damaging project for U.S. strategic interests. Upon examining the minimum requirements for representative, pluralistic democracy compared with both the insistence of Middle Eastern nations to enshrine the Qur'an as the constitution of the state and the fundamentalist (therefore literal) interpretation of the Qur'an-the interpretation held by Islamic jihadiyyeen terrorists-the conclusion reached is that not only is democratization of the Middle East an ill-suited strategic project, it exacerbates the emergence of Islamic terrorists. Instead of pursuing democratization of the Middle East, our nation should focus all resources upon neutralizing those terrorist organizations which pose the greatest threat. This monograph shows that strategies attempting to indirectly and comprehensively defeat Islamic terrorists by drastically changing the political environment in which they are thought to emerge is based upon false assumptions and invalid arguments."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Stebbins, Jr, William E.
2007-05-21
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Utility of Military Deception During Counterinsurgency
"This monograph questions the utility of military deception (MILDEC) given its decidedly different dynamics inside counterinsurgency (COIN) operations. It examines relevant theoretical touchstones and doctrinal frameworks to determine whether the Army's concept of deception can accommodate such application. Available historic vignettes from Viet Nam, Philippines, Malaya, Kenya, and Rhodesia inform the theoretical inquiry. Finally a look at the legal and ethical implications of MILDEC during COIN leads to certain implications. The monograph finds that MILDEC is useful to counterinsurgents. In particular, the most effective deceptions in counterinsurgent history involves the prudent use of pseudo operators who are able to generate intelligence and results in an environment where conventional methods cannot. However, there are certain legal and ethical guidelines that planners should follow to insure that MILDEC does not become counterproductive. Specifically, an ethical test of publicity should be applied to rule out immoral applications of MILDEC in an environment where public support is paramount."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Thibodeaux, Maxwell S.
2007-03-29
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United States Army's Full-Spectrum Training Strategy Challenge
"The debate within the US Army on the efficacy of the full spectrum operations training strategy is critical to preparing Army forces to fight in the 21st century. The challenges for the Army following a decade of counter-insurgent warfare and stability operations combined with reduced fiscal flexibility and dynamically adaptive enemies make this debate critical for the future capabilities of land force dominance. Based on a contextual analysis of national defense documents and their relation to theories of the character of 21st century warfare this monograph examines the US Army full spectrum training strategy and its effectiveness to produce forces capable of operating in a full spectrum conflict. A comparison of the training strategies of Israel and Britain provide an empirical context that allows for further analysis of the efficacy of the US Army training strategy. "
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Lawson, Michael J.
2012-05-17
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Military Applications of Cloud Computing Technologies
From the abstract: "Cloud computing -- remotely hosting network services and data -- is an emerging concept in the business world that enables the use of mobile devices, increases security, and allows more effective information sharing within organizations. Within the last year, the U.S. Department of Defense has mandated that its networks be consolidated to achieve the goals of efficiency, effectiveness, and security. Through cloud computing across the network as an entire enterprise, efforts such as the Joint Information Environment and Enterprise Email can achieve those goals. The view of military networks as an enterprise blurs the existing lines between garrison and tactical. Consolidation efforts are effective in permanent, garrison networks that are connected by high-bandwidth, fiber optic cables. Hosting mission-critical services and data in the cloud saves resources and increases cyber security in the long run. However, the implementation of similar consolidation efforts in temporary, tactical networks that are employed in austere environments presents unique challenges. These challenges will be more effectively overcome if mission command systems are developed for use in both environments, remaining issues of physical security are more fully addressed, and the concepts of cyber are effectively operationalized in a more comprehensive doctrine."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Powell, Dallas A., Jr.
2013-05-15
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Dying Breed: The United States Cavalry in Today's Army
From the abstract: "This monograph examines how the U.S. Army's recent changes in organization, doctrine, and technology have directly impacted the role of the cavalry in today's operating environment. Given the recent changes in the Army's doctrine, organization, and advance in technology, does the United States Cavalry still perform a unique and necessary function in today's Army? Section One focuses on the 'unique and necessary' function of the U.S. Cavalry. Section Two focuses on the two main conflicts that led to the most dramatic changes to the cavalry, World War II and Operation Desert Storm. Section Three analyzes the changes that have occurred over the years to bring the cavalry's role into question. Finally, concluding that the cavalry no longer performs a unique and necessary function, this monograph recommends how the Army should approach the employment of the cavalry in future conflicts."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Thomas, Vincent A.
2013-05-13
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Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance: Mission Command and Centralized Control
From the Abstract: "The United States Army is organizing, training, and equipping its divisions with medium-altitude unmanned aerial systems (UAS). These platforms are entering the battlespace just as operations in Afghanistan may be winding down, and just as the Air Force is gaining the ability to generate sixty-five global combat air patrols with heavily armed MQ-9 Reapers. There is risk that as the Army begins to rely more on organic medium altitude capabilities, the joint force will forget important lessons learned, and that integration of organic and theater ISR [intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance] capabilities will suffer. This monograph examines the utility of implementing the mission command philosophy in airborne intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) operations. This study begins by examining Helmuth Von Moltke's views on the exercise of disciplined initiative in battle. Brian Lawson's design problem model provides a framework for analyzing constraints as a source of friction. Confederate calvaryman [sic] J.E.B. Stuart's Gettysburg saga provides a vehicle for mission command analysis, given similiarities [sic] between Civil War cavarly [sic] reconnaissance and modern airborne ISR operations. This monograph also highlights the experiences of World War I artillerymen and their pursuit of organic airborne reconnaissance support. The artillerymen echo current dialogue on UAS employment. This study concludes by assessing the impact of increased implementation of the mission command philosophy on theater airborne ISR effectiveness."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Floyd, Garry S.
2013-09
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Identifying Instability Pockets
"After the collapse of the Soviet Union, new independent states have emerged in Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Central Asia has been a strategically important region during the Great Game and is becoming more important as each of the great powers finds interests in the region. The precarious stability in Central Asia is at stake and it is vital to understand how it is undermined, as instability will cause problems for the international community. This monograph examines the causes of instability in Central Asia, in particular, ethnic strife, border issues, resource scarcity, radicalism, and drug trafficking and examines how to identify pockets of instability in the region in order to create longer-term stability in Central Asia."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Iskander, Karim
2014-02
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Attacking Transnational Organized Criminal Networks: Applying Principles of Irregular Warfare to an Emerging Salient Threat
"While the 2011 Department of Defense Counternarcotics and Global Threats Strategy (DoD CN> Strategy) acknowledges the complexity of the strategic environment and provides an expanded interpretation of its existing authorities that allows for the integration of unique DoD competencies within a whole-of-government approach, it foregoes the opportunity to articulate a theory of action and instead repackages objectives from national level strategies within the scope of DoD capabilities. Through an exploration of theories of irregular warfare (IW) and competing cultural tendencies within the DoD, this monograph seeks to offer a theory of action that underwrites an alternative approach to combating TCOs [Transnational Organized Crime] to integrate more effectively tactical actions in time, space, and purpose with national strategic aims. Considering the many structural parallels between insurgent organizations and TCOs, it is likely that theories of IW will have indirect, if not direct, application to contemporary efforts to confront TCOs. With the intent of discerning certain of these relevant aspects, this monograph examines two important IW theories --Nathan Leites' and Charles Wolf's supply-side approach to COIN and Dr. Geoff Demarest's consideration of the utility of anonymity. Furthermore, the author attempts to conceptualize Dr. Demarest's ideas within a behavioral economic model in an effort to integrate his complementing theory with Leites' and Wolf's rational actor framework."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Brackin, Steven T.
2014-02
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Effect of Adversary Unmanned Aerial Systems on the U.S. Concept of Air Superiority
"The last time an enemy aircraft attacked a member of the American ground forces was more than sixty years ago. Do adversary drones challenge this immunity? The widespread use of unmanned aerial systems (UAS), or drones, by both nation states and non-state actors warrants analysis of their impact on the concept of US air superiority. The potential to deliver nuclear, biological, chemical, or conventional weapons with a UAS constitutes a significant, multi-faceted threat. This monograph proposes a framework for studying air control and leverages a case study of German V-weapons in WWII to research the following primary question: how do adversary unmanned aerial systems affect the US concept of air superiority? The hypothesis is that adversary UAS could prohibitively interfere with the concept of US air superiority and with US air, sea, and land operations. Two primary research findings support this hypothesis. First, the United States is currently vulnerable to small, inexpensive adversary drones. Second, the US concept of air superiority is a deeply rooted belief that sustained, theater-wide, joint, and primarily offensive operations can preclude enemy attacks from the air. The United States can either change its concept of air superiority or commit the necessary resources to ensure continued immunity from aerial attack."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Earley, Jason W.
2014-12-04
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Examination of USNORTHCOM's Ability to Respond to Domestic Catastrophes in Support of Civil Authorities
"In the wake of 9/11, the Secretary of Defense assigned to USNORTHCOM [U.S. Northern Command] the mission of providing military forces in support of civilian authorities in case of a natural disaster or a terrorist attack anywhere in the United States or its territories. With this directive, USNORTHCOM planners formed Joint Task Force-Civil Support (JTF-CS) with the mission of providing support to civilian authorities. This Task Force contains multiple units across the United States to support a myriad of potential scenarios. In the structure of JTF-CS there are representatives from the Army, Air Force, and Navy ready within 24-48 hours' notice to assist civilian authorities based on identified gaps in states' capabilities. Distributed across the USNORTHCOM area of responsibility, these military forces must deploy following a strict timeline set by USNORTHCOM. To support the deployment of these forces, base support installations synchronize and coordinate deployment support efforts to ensure that these forces abide by USNORTHCOM timelines. Factors that this research will consider are USNORTHCOM's ability to deploy military forces to the incident area, capabilities required to support civil authorities, and requirements necessary to support domestic catastrophes. Successful synchronization will safeguard a unified effort among all stakeholders to include military forces and civilian authorities, especially at the state level. The monograph also will consider the increased emphasis on responsibilities by local state response forces. Additionally, based on recent changes to Army Doctrine Publication ADP 3-0, Defense Support of Civil Authorities is part of the unified land operations concept. This capstone doctrine places increased emphasis on the systems available to deploy military forces in support of civilian authorities."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Carattini, Merbin
2013-01
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Army Cyber Mission Force - Ambitions and Realities
"The 2010 US Army Training and Doctrine Command's Concept Capability Plan for Cyberspace Operations directed the Army to begin development of a Cyber Mission Force. The direction to build a Cyber Mission Force followed a number of cyberspace attacks conducted to support military operations. The foundation of the Cyber Mission Force will be the highly technical soldiers trained to operate in the cyberspace domain. To develop this force the Army will need to recruit, retain, and organize for success. Research has shown that persons drawn to highly technical fields, such as cyberspace, possess unique character traits that differ from the typical traits of Army enlistees. The research has further shown that compensation, branding, professional development models, and organization are key factors in the recruitment and retention of cyberspace professionals in both the military services and private sector."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Romano, Kevin P.
2015-04-17
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NATO's Partnerships: Initiatives, Institutions, and Ideas
"This monograph shows the development of NATO's partnership policy over the last two decades and explains the main tools and achievements. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the partnership policy was successful in many regards: It made some former Warsaw Pact members and other European countries ready to join NATO; it supported the promotion of democratic ideas in Eastern European, Central Asian, and Caucasus countries; it enabled partners to meet NATO standards; it allowed partners to participate in NATO exercises; it gave our partners the opportunity to gain a defined level of interoperability; and it enabled - as the ultimate goal - partners to participate successfully in NATO-led operations. Finally, this monograph shows the necessity to further develop the partnership policy in order to adapt it to the changing security situation in Europe."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Leyde, Philipp F.
2016-05-26
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Preparing for the Future: Developing an Adaptive Army in a Time of Peace, 1918-1941
From the thesis abstract: "As the US Army transitions into a period of transformation, it is focusing its attention on becoming a more adaptable organization that can meet the challenges of an uncertain future. Faced with personnel and budget reductions, the Army is evaluating changes to its operational doctrine, organizational structure, leader development, and unit training in an effort to become more lethal and expeditionary. The modern Army faces the uncertainties of asymmetrical hybrid threats combining multiple forms of warfare across multiple domains to include cyber and space. Between 1918 and 1941, during the Interwar Period, the Army faced similar uncertainties as the Army attempted to anticipate the impact of rapidly developing technologies in firepower, aviation, mechanization, and motorization and the threat from rising powers in Asia and Europe. While these challenges are significantly different, in both examples emerging technological advances led to changes in the conduct of warfare. To parallel the modern Army's approach, the examination framed the research around the Interwar Army's adaptation of its doctrine and organizational structure, development of adaptable leaders through officer education, and preparation of the force for uncertainty through large-scale two-sided maneuvers. The experience of the Interwar Army at developing an adaptable organization provides an historic case study to apply to the modern Army as it transitions for the future."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Smith, Scott C.
2015-03-13
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Beyond the Border: Mexico's Internal Conflict is the United States' Problem
"This monograph provides a starting point to address the importance of strategic guidance as it relates to operational planning for synchronized tactical actions. Analyzing Mexico's drug-war offers an interesting case study to help understand the current situation surrounding non-traditional forms of war, such as a drug related war, and how Mexico's internal conflict impacts their regional neighbors as well as the international community. The ultimate aim is to achieve a competent level of understanding in order to establish a unified regional approach that will disrupt the Mexican drug trafficking organizations and reduce violence to an acceptable and controllable level. Accomplishing this requires the unified efforts of all elements of national power from the U.S., Mexican, and regional governments by designing an operational approach that focuses efforts and unifies goals. The current U.S. and Mexican strategies work to contain drug trafficking organizations on a limited basis, but fail to fix the problem for the long-term because of their limited approach. At the conclusion, this study reveals how the employment of unified governmental approach can enhance the United States and Mexico's current security strategy by disrupting the actions of the Mexican drug trafficking organizations."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Lachicotte, George P., III
2013-01
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Prevent: A Fragmented Counter-Terrorism Strategy
From the monograph thesis: "The events of September 11, 2001 triggered a response by the British Government to develop a coherent and actionable counter-terrorism strategy. The United Kingdom's response was a counter-terrorism strategy called CONTEST. Prevent is one of four sub-strategies of CONTEST and is designed to prevent people from becoming terrorists or supporting terrorism. Now in its four tranche since its inception in 2003, Prevent continues to be the subject of criticism and controversy. Using a theoretical lens of systems theory, this monograph proposes that the strategy to challenge Islamic terrorism is overly reductionist and lacking a comprehensive systemic approach. This monograph concludes that, despite certain attempts to be inclusive, the Prevent strategy is continuing to divide the Muslim communities' support in the fight against Islamic terrorism. Prevent's whole of government approach is important but it falls short of being truly systemic in its approach. The strategy suffers from a lack of resources, a confusing narrative that fails to address the cross pollination of Islamic extremism to Islamic terrorism, and an inability to promote progressive Muslim thought. Moreover, Prevent suffers from wider reactive government policies that attempt to implement new legislation without due consideration of the wider strategic impacts. These reactive tendencies continue to fracture society and fail to look at the longer term, systemic approaches needed to mitigate the threat. Evidence suggests that with the appropriate resources, a clear strategy on extremism, and more concrete application of a systems based approach, Prevent could deliver a greater level of societal cohesion to set the conditions for success in the fight against Islamic terrorism."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Boardman, Richard
2015-05-21
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Setting the Theater: US Sustainment Operations in the Pacific During World War Ii
From the abstract: "To meet high logistical demands over the vast distances in the Pacific theater, sustainment operations must be joint, sequential, and in depth to simultaneously secure, then improve, key logistics nodes while maintaining steady coordinated sustainment distribution operations. This is done through the joint seizure of key logistical nodes, followed by ground engineering developments to facilities and infrastructure that support combat and shaping operations while maintaining a carefully timed distribution system through maritime and air routes. The United States has been involved in the Pacific for over a century, and the need to understand the geography and tyranny of distance is only one characteristic of the theater. Understanding the importance of posturing and setting the theater for deterrence, successful defense, and sustainment is even more crucial. The positioning of U.S. military forces and capabilities around the world reinforces an international order and permits rapid response to emerging threats."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Berdou, Jason A.
2016
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Role of Simultaneous Counternarcotics and Counterterrorism Operations in the Afghan Coin Model
"Afghanistan is a country that has suffered decades of civil war. It is also heavily affected by the external policies of its neighbors and is currently facing one of the deadliest insurgencies active in the world today. It also has the highest opium production record in the world. In his research, the author has attempted to highlight the importance of simultaneous counterterrorism and counternarcotic operations in degrading external support of the insurgency, and ultimately bringing the insurgents to the negotiating table. The author has tried to examine the validity of this theory by examining the Colombian COIN [Counterinsurgency] model, which was developed through Plan Colombia and the security policies of Alvaro Uribe to target terrorists and narco-traffickers simultaneously. Based on the current security conditions, involvement of the police in the current security struggle, and the author's own experience, he has attempted to examine the role of the General Directorate of Special Police Units (GDPSU), an elite police unit that has been successful in conducting simultaneous counterterrorism (CT) and counternarcotic (CN) operations across Afghanistan. Since the country's other elite assets, such as the Army Commando Corps and tactical units of the National Directorate of Security (NDS), are also involved in the process, the author recommends a clear distinction of roles and responsibilities. He furtherrecommends that the GDSPU have the lead in Afghan COIN effort/operations and that the NDS and the Afghan National Army provide intelligence and military support, respectively."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Wardak, Ghulam Mustafa
2014
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NORAD: A Model to Address Gaps in US-Mexico Security Coordination
"The 2007 Mérida Initiative marked a major shift in Mexico-US commitment to address transnational organized crime. The organized crime networks view international borders as opportunities, making a profit by operating both as multinational corporations and violent armies. Yet the US-Mexico boundary frustrates law enforcement and military organizations, which suffer from overlapping jurisdictions and competing authorities. This monograph proposes the US-Canada organization of North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) as a model for a US-Mexico body to coordinate the law enforcement and military means across borders and across agencies. This monograph explores the development of US security relationships with both its North American neighbors to the north and south, examining how the countries overcame historical social and economic frictions, how the nature of the threat shaped the formation of their existing security cooperation institutions, and proposes the NORAD model as an institutional solution to better coordinate Mexico-US means to address the threat of transnational organized crime."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Bielling, Patti
2016
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Soldiers, Scholars, Diplomats: Educating Strategic Leaders at Foreign Staff Colleges
"This monograph examines the value added to the US Army by sending officers to foreign staff colleges. It argues that the US Army should educate more of its best field grade officers abroad to gain worldly, contextual intelligence. Ultimately, a foreign staff college experience, preceded by the US Army's Command and General Staff College (CGSC) resident course, will develop better strategic thinkers and leaders. In this research, General Albert C. Wedemeyer's personal archives at Stanford University provide keen insight into the strategic contribution officers educated abroad can have on national security. Next, a survey ofUS Army officers who graduated from a foreign staff college in the last ten years confirms several valuable aspects of an overseas education, and identifies areas of the program to improve. Finally, this monograph recommends increasing the available opportunities for US Army officers to attend foreign staff colleges, with a weighted priority in Asia and Europe. It also recommends sending the top 10% of each year's graduating CGSC class, approximately 100 officers, to foreign language training followed by a foreign staff college education. This benefits the US Army by growing the pool of organizational leaders who can readily contextualize the challenges of a complex world beyond American borders."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Gin, Christopher M.
2016
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Protecting the Force? A Historical Perspective on the Operational Effect of the Division Protection Cell
"Because the protection cell is such a recent creation and is still being developed in many corps and divisions, there is little literature regarding the operational effects of these operational planning units. The resultant lack of understanding of the key operational changes that have occurred in the organization of the staff hinders effective operational planning and mission command. Because of the myriad complex tasks compiled under the protection cell, the research is limited to three primary areas of survivability, CBRN [Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear] operations, and operational area security. These areas highlight the greater issues encompassed by protection cell however, addressing the question of what the operational effect of the division protection cell has been. Through a better understanding of the functions of the protection cell, divisions will be better able to conduct operations with effective, integrative protection efforts. Cynics and opponents of the current division staff structure may balk at its size and dismiss it as ineffective compared to earlier, smaller staffs. They mistake the organization's robust numbers as bloated, and excessive when compared with requirements that the staff should be able to handle. On the contrary, today's operational environment requires a vast number of distinct but supportive and interdependent specialists working in concert toward operational objectives. The division protection cell is a perfect example of just such an organization. Through the lenses of survivability, CBRN operations, and area security, the operational effect of the division protection cell has been an increased efficiency with regard to the flow of information, training, and planning integration across seemingly disparate specialties; inefficient internal staff organization and a lack of professional development programs for protection officers, however, prevent the division protection cell from reaching its full operational potential."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Gordon, Robert D.
2012-01
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Field Artillery in Combined Arms Maneuver and Wide Area Security Operations
"The recent publication of the Army Operating Concept 2016-2028 (AOC) and the Future Concept for Fires (FCF) conceptualizes doctrine for the Fires War Fighting Function (WFF). These documents introduced the concepts of Combined Arms Maneuver (CAM) and Wide Area Security (WAS) as the U.S. Army's core competencies and delineated requirements for the Fires WFF in these operations. A review of these documents reveals the Fires WFF must inculcate the lessons learned from conducting various operations over the last ten years while regaining an expertise in delivering massed fires in support of CAM operations. This thesis explored the question: can the Field Artillery adapt to the AOC and remain relevant? To accomplish this, the thesis examined the current organization, training, and material and determined the current capabilities of the Fires WFF. Next, this thesis scrutinized the AOC, the FCF, and the potential future operational environment and determined capabilities the Fires WFF must possess in the future. Then this thesis compared the current capabilities of the Fires WFF and the future capabilities and determined that the Fires WFF can adapt its organization, training, and materiel, maintain relevant WAS operations skills while regaining an expertise in delivering fires in support of CAM."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Junker, Kirk J.
2011-02
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The Evolution Of Preemptive Strikes In Israeli Operational Planning And Future Implications For The Cyber Domain
"The strategic and operational use of preemptive strikes transitioned from the traditional tactic of air raids to the use of covert cyber-attacks like Stuxnet designed specifically to disrupt enemy capabilities. Through a close examination of the evolution of preemptive strikes by the Israeli Defense Forces from the 1967 and 1973 wars to its airstrikes on neighboring nuclear production facilities in Iraq and Syria to its use of Stuxnet, operational planners can gain an understanding of the evolution of preemption as a concept. Examining this shift from air strikes to cyber-attacks through the lens of U.S. Army Doctrine and the tenets of Unified Land Operations (Depth, Synchronization, Integration, Adaptability, Flexibility, and Lethality) as well as the cyber concepts of Untraceability and Deception from modern thinkers gives operational planners a deeper understanding of how to conceptualize and integrate cyber activities into planning. By grasping these concepts and their usage in cyber, planners can gain a position of relative cognitive advantage when using preemptive attacks. Conceptualizing and interpreting the evolutionary process of Israeli operational planners and their understanding and planning of preemptive attacks can shed light on how they disaggregated depth and integrated cyber into preemption. Understanding how planners can better utilize cyber weapons similar to Stuxnet in preemptive strikes, contributes to the U.S. Army's ability to retain its position of relative advantage over its adversaries in future wars."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Parmenter, Robert C.
2013-01
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Force Structure Matters: The US Field Artillery in Operational Art
"In 2014, the US Forces Command (FORSCOM) implemented the activation of the division artillery (DIVARTY) and field artillery (FA) brigade force structure. This monograph analyzes the effectiveness of the US Field Artillery force structure and the ability to meet the required capabilities that enable commanders to exercise operational art. First, the monograph evaluates the fires capability requirements outlined in the US Army capstone concepts and assesses the effectiveness of the surface-to -surface indirect fire systems available in achieving the requirements. Then the monograph assesses how the field artillery enables operational art and Unified Land Operations (ULO) through the evaluation of specific elements of operational art and tenets of ULO. The monograph then analyzes two case studies, Operation Desert Storm and Operation Anaconda, to highlight the utility of artillery in operational art while also addressing limitations and planning considerations. The monograph concludes with an analysis of the US Field Artillery force structure in achieving the fires capability requirements. The change in the FA force structure is a step in the right direction for re-establishing the essential conduit for the integration and synchronization of fires assets, but the DIVARTYs lack the organic artillery systems necessary to provide operational fires and effectively shape the operational environment for the division. The monograph recommends providing an organic rocket FA battery to each DIVARTY and establishing composite FA battalions throughout the US Army. The recommendations enhance a commander's ability to exercise operational art, provide greater flexibility in the employment of fires, and increase the firepower of the unit."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Aquino, Alex A.
2015-01
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Overmatch: Enabling the Infantry Rifle Squad as the Foundation of the Decisive Force
"Upon assuming duties as the Chief-of-Staff of the United States Army, General Martin Dempsey announced a priority focus on the infantry squad. Anticipating uncertainty in the future operational environment, and an enhanced role of the squad based on an increasing battlespace, Dempsey established a requirement to ensure that the rifle squad would be enabled with what he termed 'overmatch.' While previous attempts by the Army to reform the composition of the squad have focused on adjusting manning or fielding new weapons systems, overmatch was not achieved. A more effective method to enable a squad with overmatch is to increase squad capability, focusing specifically on developing the human dimension. Case studies of squads operating in both combined arms maneuver and wide area security operations illustrate the impact of the human dimension on small units, and the potential to achieve overmatch at the squad level. The success demonstrated by squads in the contemporary operating environment, which provides insight into future expectations of the rifle squad, indicates the potential operational or even strategic contributions that can be expected from a small infantry unit when enabled with overmatch."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Mundweil, Philip J.
2013-01
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U.S. Chemical Defense and the Third-World Threat
"This monograph discusses the United States Army's chemical defense posture in relation to the chemical warfare threat in the third-world. It seeks to determine if current U.S. chemical defense tactical doctrine is adequate to counter the expected threat, and practiced enough to develop proficient execution in the field. Following an overview of chemical warfare, the study reviews th e current chemical threat focusing on the third-world. It explores availability, proliferation, acquisition and development, means of employment, and factors limiting employment. After a discussion of U.S. chemical defense doctrine, the paper posits three scenarios of chemical use against Army forces in three environments: the jungles of Honduras, the desert plains of Lebanon, and the mountain passes of Korea. The study finds that the chemical threat in a jungle environment will be low, that in the mideast low to medium, and that in Korea high. Yet, in each of these third-world locations, regardless of the threat of use the probability of use, is not great. It argues that throughout military history chemical warfare has never lived up to its promise, and has never been tactically decisive. The paper concludes that the combination of the viable U.S. chemical defense doctrine with the non-decisive nature of tactical chemical weapons reduces the impact of battlefield chemicals, and that improved training will ensure this result."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Schillare, Quentin W.
1990-01-04
