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Implications of Threat Perceptions on Security Cooperation in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations
"This paper investigates the impact of national threat perceptions on security cooperation within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The research includes a review of alliance theory and a study of security regimes which have historically influenced cooperation in Southeast Asia, namely the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), the Five Power Defense Arrangement (FPDA), and security initiatives of ASEAN and the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF). Using case studies on the key states of Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam, a comparative analysis identified the following common threat perceptions: security of the maritime zones; contributions by external forces to internal instability; regional disputes impinging on the sovereignty of one or more of the ASEAN states; and uncertainty over China's interests in Southeast Asia. As an organization of small states not having a significant security guarantor, ASEAN must consider improvements in cooperative security without antagonizing China. An acceptable option for ASEAN is to pursue new increased military cooperation in response to non-state-sponsored threats, such as piracy or natural disaster. This would enhance ASEAN's capability to defend against less benign state-sponsored threats while maintaining conditions favorable to diplomacy and regional stability in Southeast Asia."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Cade, Steven C.
1998-06-05
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Operational Ethics: Just War and Implications for Contemporary American Warfare
"This monograph provides a framework for considering the moral conduct of American warfare with particular emphasis on operational targeting. It does not recommend supplanting, altering, or otherwise improving current laws of war, domestic or international. This monograph is merely a denkschrift through which the author hopes to inspire discussions on operational ethics among professional officers and civilian proponents of military developments. In light of the current administration's doctrine of preemptive military force to defeat terrorist organizations and states that promote terrorism or develop weapons of mass destruction, the subject of this monograph becomes increasingly important, for the doctrine of preemption may presuppose a fundamental alteration of societies and cultures toward the development of liberal democracies. In the wake of decisive military victory, the transition phase is strongly impacted by perceptions of U.S. warfighting conduct. Therefore, contemporary American-style warfare requires continuous evaluation to ensure that the manner in which the U.S. fights reflects the values of just war tradition, values that are consistent with the laws of war and with American ideals. The U.S., perhaps more than any other country, takes tremendous steps in minimizing collateral damage and non-combatant casualties while treating its adversary's military humanely when defeated. This point is abundantly evident by technological innovations that improve accuracy of weapons, the emphasis placed on legal counsel during operations, and the indoctrination of the force. However, with each successive improvement the standards are elevated and these measures sometimes do not prove demonstrably sufficient when considered in the context of the nature of contemporary American warfare, which relies heavily upon dispersion, standoff attack, and rapid maneuver, all managed from remote command and control centers."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Soller, Daniel E.
2003
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Forts and Blockhouses: Field Fortification in the Rear Area
"This monograph examines US Army doctrine concerning field fortifications in the rear area, and determines whether this doctrine is appropriate based upon the rear area requirements of the Army's keystone doctrinal manual, FM 100-5, Operations. The 1993 version of FM 100-5 provides for a force projection Army in place of the forward deployed Army of the Cold War. In the forward deployed Army, allies provided rear area security assistance, and rear areas were on friendly territory. In force projection operations, however, US forces may receive little rear are assistance, and rear areas may be on neutral or hostile territory. One response to these increased challenges is to fortify the rear area."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Steffan, Grant D.
1993-12-20
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Centers of Gravity of United Nations Operation, Somalia II (UNOSOM II)
"This thesis identifies the operational and strategic centers of gravity of United Nation Operations, Somalia II (UNOSOM II). The research demonstrates that UNOCOM II failed to correctly identify its own strategic center of gravity. This failure left both its strategic and operational centers of gravity vulnerable to attack and exploitation by hostile militia forces. Center of gravity analysis must be completed by the military planner prior to participation in peace enforcement operations or in traditional peacekeeping operations where hostilities are possible. Centers of gravity of the main belligerents must be identified should neutralization of their combat capability be required. At the same time the strategic and operational centers of gravity of the peacekeeping force must be identified and appropriate security measures implemented to protect these from attack. Failure to do so cannot only endanger the force but threaten the success of the peace operation."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Daze, Thomas J.
1995-06-02
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Military Police Operations in the Okinawa Campaign
"During the World War II campaign to seize the island of Okinawa, Operation Iceberg, U.S. Tenth Army employed a significant U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps military police structure. However, the challenges posed to these units by military traffic, nearly 300, 000 enemy civilians, and over 10, 000 prisoners of war are issues largely neglected by historians. This study analyzes the overall effectiveness and value of the largest joint military police operation in the Pacific theater. It evaluates military police force structure and operations by assessing pre-campaign planning and results of operations with extant historical doctrine, operational setting, and historical information. Historical military police doctrine is discussed to identify standards which existed in 1945. Intelligence or other information about the operational environment is examined for relevance to doctrine. Finally, historical accounts or information about military police operations are contrasted with doctrine and operational setting. Historical information is assessed within five mission areas; traffic control operations, prisoner of war operations, civilian handling operations, security operations, and law and order operations. Within these mission areas information is further organized by unit, time, and relation to the tactical situation. Detailed assessment and evaluation reveal Tenth Army military police overall effectiveness and value in Operation Iceberg."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Emerson, James J.
1995-06-02
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Joint Operations in Canada: Necessary or Merely Fashionable?
"The end of the Cold War has resulted in a new strategic environment. While the threat to national survival has declined for NATO nations, the threats to international stability and prosperity from smaller conflicts have increased. At the same time governments have reduced the size of their armed forces in order to realize a peace dividend. In order to mitigate the reductions, armed forces have adopted the doctrine of joint operations. This monograph examines whether joint operations between Canada's Land Forces and Maritime Forces are necessary for the achievement of Canada's defence objectives. It examines the Canada's strategic context, its defence policy and its doctrine. The monograph also compares Canada's approach to two close allies, Australia and the United Kingdom. The monograph concludes the primary warfighting tasks assigned to the Canadian Forces can be achieved without joint land and maritime operations. There is room for such operations in domestic operations, in evacuation of non-combatants from strife torn areas of the world and in the delivery of international humanitarian and disaster relief. While no direct lessons can be drawn from the United Kingdom experience, a reorientation of the defence of Canadian territory along the lines of the Australian approach, provides room for joint land and maritime operations."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Duff, Paul A.
1999-05-27
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Use of Effects Based Operations in Asymmetric Conflicts
"Effects-based operations (EBO) increase the effectiveness of military operations against an asymmetric adversary to some extent. The increased effectiveness is achieved through an increased understanding of the enemy and the effects of military actions. However, EBO promises more than it can deliver. The criticism of EBO is focused on three areas: (1) the possibility to predict indirect effects, particularly concerning the will of a population and the decisions leaders make; (2) there is no explanation of how the different national powers are supposed to work together in order to achieve a common goal; and most importantly, (3) the lack of substantive methodology used to reach the ultimate goal of EBO: behavioral change of the adversary. Positive behavioral change cannot be achieved through military means, and EBO does not address this problem in a sufficient way. Two different conflicts are used as case studies: Operation Motorman in Northern Ireland, 1972, and The Cambodian Incursion, 1970. These conflicts were chosen because they show how the use of military means can radicalize a population and because they also show how tactical and political actions can affect each other, and thus, the outcome a conflict."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Lindstrom, Magnus
2004
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Analysis of the Emergence of Transnational Terrorism in Southeast Asia
"Transnational terrorism has recently emerged as a serious security threat in Southeast Asia. This thesis examines the conditions, causes, and nature of the transnational terrorist threat in the region. It analyses the historical, political, economic, sociocultural, religiousethnic, and geostrategic factors in Southeast Asia, and the history, goals, strategy, operations, and transnational relationships of four selected Islamic fundamentalist groups in the region (namely Jemaah Islamiyah, Kumpulan Mujahideen Malaysia, Moro Islamic Liberation Front, and Laskar Jihad) that contribute to the emergence of the threat. The analysis demonstrates that the underlying conditions and causes are complex, comprising both contributing and countervailing elements. The nature of the threat displays limited indigenous roots, underpinnings of temporal and non-lasting political and economic problems, and strong external influences. It concludes that the emergence of transnational terrorism in Southeast Asia is essentially an external-influenced phenomenon with limited and weak internal coherence, and is therefore not an inherent and irreversible process. A clear understanding of the conditions, causes, and nature of the threat can provide a framework for the development of effective regional and national strategies to combat it."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Ong, Ann Kiat
2003-06-06
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Role of ABRI in the Post-Suharto Era
"This thesis investigates the future role of the ABRI (Angkatan Bersenjata Republik lndonesia or Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia) in the post-Suharto era. It examines the factors which influence the sociopolitical role of the ABRI and postulates possible models for this role within the time frame of five to ten years from the end of Suharto's rule in Indonesia. Based on the change in the sociopolitical role, this thesis identifies the effects on other component roles of the ABRI including external defense, internal security, law enforcement, business involvement, and peacekeeping. It also highlights a roadmap linking observed events in lndonesia to the likely model which will be adopted by the ABRI in the future."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Lee, Tan Chong
1999-06-04
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Does the Army Have an Effective Doctrine for the Conduct of Rear Area Security and the Protection of Support Troops?
"This monograph examines US Army doctrine for the conduct of Area Security. It concludes that current doctrine is ineffective and should be changed to prevent needless casualties in future conflicts. The monograph examines the threat to US forces across the spectrum of conflict from MOOTW to High Intensity Conflict. It determines that the most likely threat to US forces will be small groups of light infantry operating against US Combat Support and Combat Service Support units. Next the monograph examines the current doctrine for conducting area security. It determines that the doctrine is inadequate in that it does not provide for building the required combat power to defeat the expected threat. The doctrine does not provide adequate mobility, firepower, protection or leadership to either the support units, the response forces or the tactical combat force. The monograph suggests possible methods of correcting these deficiencies. These methods include properly resourcing support units so that they can defend themselves and forming a dedicated Area Security Force. The Area Security Force would provide a single organization and chain of command to replace both the MP units which from the level II response force and the TCF which is the level III response force."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Szabo, Ernest A.
1996-12-09
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Islamic Extremism in Former Soviet Republics
"Since the Former Central Asian Soviet Republics Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan gained independence, there has been a revival of Central Asian Islamic roots. Within this revival, certain areas have turned to Islamic fundamentalism, and incidents of Islamic extremism have multiplied. This trend helped fuel a civil war in Tajikistan and caused recent terrorist acts in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. An extremist group, the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU), has committed most of the armed activity and receives support from inside and outside the country. Playing a pivotal role in these proceedings is Afghanistan, where the Taliban now control nearly the entire country and export not only narcotics but also their militant brand of extremism. A survey of the IMU, the region and other contributing factors, such as Caspian Sea oil, illustrates the depth of this problem and its connections to transnational issues affecting both the region and the world."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Sarafian, Gregory R.
2001-05
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Base Defense at the Special Forces Forward Operational Base
"This study analyzes joint and SF doctrine, observations from the field, and the effects of the contemporary operating environment to identify weaknesses in the readiness of SF battalions. This project attempts to answer three major questions that are the basis for the research. 1) With the emergence of an asymmetrical threat in the contemporary operating environment, does current doctrine adequately and realistically address base defense measures at the FOB? 2) Can SF commanders assume that attachments from other units will be available to defend FOBs? 3) Has the nature of the threat changed significantly enough to alter current thinking? This study leads to the conclusions that SF should make base defense a priority, modify its doctrine, implement new training strategies, and procure base defense equipment."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Hubbard, Curtis W.
2002
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Are Combat Units within a U.S. Army Manuever Brigade's Area of Operation Prepared and Resourced to Successfully Secure, Clear, and Control the Brigad Road Network?
"Road nets provide the life-blood to all sustained operations by a US Army maneuver brigade. Joint Readiness Training Center and Battle Command Training Program trends indicate a failure to master the skills required to ensure road nets are not interdicted in major theater of war or small-scale contingency operations. At the Joint Readiness Training Center brigade-level units suffer high losses along the brigade road network in comparison to small enemy units employed. This is despite significant advantages along with a plethora of material and doctrine available to train and execute route clearance and control operations. With the increased occurrence of nonlinear battlefields in small-scale contingencies using coalition forces, successful coordination and execution of route security, clearance, and control becomes critical. This leads to the central questions. Are typical United States Army maneuver brigades able to successfully secure, dear, and control road networks within their area of operation? What is the current state of doctrine concerning route operations? What is the current state of tactics, techniques, and procedures concerning route operations? Answering these questions will provide conclusions and recommendations to improve maneuver brigade operations."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Olszowy, Thomas V.
2001-06-01
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Misuse of the Studies and Observation Group as a National Asset in Vietnam
"The primary question this thesis aims to answer is as follows: Did the Studies and Observation Group's (SOG) covert and clandestine operations that were conducted from 1964 to 1971 contribute significantly to the Vietnam War effort? The scope of research is an examination of SOG operations throughout the war. To determine SOG's contributions, the author will answer the following secondary and tertiary questions: (1) What were the U.S. strategic, operational, and tactical goals for Vietnam and how did they develop?; (2) Did SOG contribute to the accomplishment of strategic, operational, and tactical goals in the Vietnam War?; and (3) How did SOG missions affect enemy forces and their operations? By answering the primary, secondary, and tertiary questions, a conclusion may be drawn concerning the contributions of SOG in Vietnam as the primary headquarters for carrying out the unconventional war effort against the North Vietnamese. Lessons learned may apply to the use of similar unconventional warfare assets in the Global War on Terrorism and the insurgency in Iraq."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Kelley, Danny M., II
2005-06-17
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British Colonial Experience in Waziristan and Its Applicability to Current Operations
"When developing the best course of action to accomplish its goals in Waziristan, the U.S. can look to the British colonial experience to help guide its actions. The British dealt extensively with Waziristan from 1849-1947. This monograph concludes that the U.S. must accomplish its goals in Waziristan through interagency operations. The U.S. should shape the environment as discreetly as possible and let the Pakistani government deny and disrupt Al-Qaeda and Taliban activities in Waziristan. The British colonial experience demonstrated overt military operations do not guarantee any success in Waziristan and will likely increase the chance of unleashing events that could remove Musharraf and possibly place nuclear weapons into the hands of Islamic extremists or military hardliners. Musharraf is not a model democratic leader, but he is better than the alternatives in Pakistan; the U.S. should not do anything to imperil his hold on power. The possible consequences of his removal outweigh any benefit that unilateral or overt military operations might achieve, perhaps even the capture of killing Osama bin Ladin."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Williams, Matthew W.
2005-05-26
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Chaplain's Preparation for Combat: A Primer on How to Prepare for Combat Ministry
"The United States Army has and will continue to train, prepare, and send chaplains on combat deployments in the global War on Terrorism. As the spiritual leaders of the United States Army, chaplains must prepare for their combat deployment and the ensuing hardships, risks, and dangers of combat. This thesis examines the doctrinal requirements for a chaplain in combat, considers chaplains in recent combat operations, and seeks to determine the best way a chaplain prepares for combat."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Arauco, Oscar T.
2005-06-17
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Abroad, in Search of Monsters to Destroy: The United States and the Future of Preemption
"This study examines the conditions that the United States must set to ensure that the international community will recognize the legitimacy of preemptive actions and avoid recrimination and isolation. Case studies are examined within a framework based on one laid out by the U.S. Secretary of State, Daniel Webster, in the Caroline Case of 1842: imminence, necessity, proportionality, and legitimacy. These evaluation criteria are first used to evaluate three case studies drawn from the Israeli experience: the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, the 1981 Israeli raid on the Iraqi nuclear facility at Osirak, and the 1982 invasion of Lebanon. Israeli military history is not the subject of this thesis, but the political circumstances that drove them to take these actions are relevant to the discussion of preemption and the reaction of the international community, including the United States. The resulting international isolation resulting from the Israelis' actions in these case studies are indicative of the reaction to be expected from the international community when and if the United States engages in preemptive attacks. These examples also lend themselves to review because they are controversial and set international legal precedents that are relevant to the adoption and execution of the National Security Strategy (NSS) policy of preemption."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Western, Charles A.
2005-06-17
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Commercial Solution to the Intertheater Airlift Shortfall
"With the United States reliance on rapid power projection, there is little prospect demands on airlift will decrease. On the contrary, today s significant gap between requirements and capabilities will likely increase as the nation faces new challenges prosecuting the war on terrorism. One of which is the increased likelihood of airlift forces operating in hostile environments due to the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and man-portable surface-to-air missiles. There are several possible mainstream solutions to meet growing airlift demands including purchasing additional military-style aircraft, refurbishing aging aircraft, increasing Civil Reserve Air Fleet involvement, stockpiling more pre-positioned equipment, or increasing burden sharing with allies. This thesis asks whether complementing Air Mobility Command's current military-style aircraft fleet with commercially available aircraft is the most fiscally responsible option for solving Department of Defense's intertheater airlift shortfall? Given the long lead times for design, funding, and acquisition, understanding future requirements and operating environment is important. Unfortunately, predicting the future is impossible and often leads to incorrect and expensive assumptions. Therefore, when creating a future airlift fleet, planners should not only provide capability to meet specific threats, but also provide a sufficiently robust, flexible, and most generally capable force effective against even unforeseen circumstances."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Brewer, Edward S.
2004
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Analysis of the Indian Government's Counterinsurgency Campaign in Jammu and Kashmir
"The Indian government is involved in the longest and most costly counterinsurgency campaign that has been conducted by a nation state in modern history. The Kashmir conflict is complex. It is a conflict of interests with multiple players struggling for a variety of agendas that include independence for Kashmir by the separatists, preservation of Kashmir as a secular nation by India, and unification of Kashmir as a Muslim state by Pakistan. This thesis analyzes in depth the insurgencies in Jammu and Kashmir and the response of the Indian government and security forces to these conditions. The focus is on the Indian government's counterinsurgency campaign strategy from 1989 to the present, and the use of national power to defeat insurgency."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Van Wagenen, Matthew J.
2004
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Implications of a Biological Weapons Convention Verification Protocol on U.S. Biological Warfare Nonproliferation Strategy
"The threat of biological attack is one of the gravest that faces the U.S. Throughout history epidemics have killed millions and caused massive social upheaval. Science has made great strides in combating disease, however, these advances have allowed proliferating states to develop arsenals of genetically engineered pathogens. For over a quarter-century, the U.S. has been a world leader in combating the proliferation of deadly biological agents. The U.S. was one of the original signatory states of the 1972 Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention. The current nonproliferation strategy calls for strengthening the treaty yet the U.S. unilaterally opposed a verification protocol that promised to increase accountability of treaty compliance in 2001. The U.S. became the target of considerable international criticism for this action. However, while the verification protocol promised to strengthen the treaty, it did not offer any guarantees. The unique characteristics of biological warfare research and production pose considerable challenges to any verification protocol. The potential economic, security, and intellectual costs to the U.S. of this program would likely offset any advantages. The U.S. must find a compromise in order to avoid international isolation and prevent diplomatic nonproliferation efforts from being completely eclipsed by more aggressive programs."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Carlson, Dylan M.
2003-06
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Analysis of the Canadian Defense Ethics Program Decision-Making Guidance
"The post-Cold War operating environment, the strategic corporal phenomenon, the war on terrorism, and the increased public demand for ethics and professionalism in the Canadian Defence Force present significant challenges for the Canadian Defense Ethics Program. The problem is that ethical decision making for members of the Canadian Forces is becoming more challenging, while at the same time there is less tolerance of poor ethical decision making. The Canadian Department of Defense implemented the umbrella Defense Ethics Program in 1997 for both federal civil servants and military members. The program does not specifically address the unique professional challenges associated with military ethical decision making. Thus, the central research question of this thesis is whether Defense Ethics Program guidance is effective. Three case studies tested Defense Ethics Program ethical decision-making guidance in comparison to two allied military decision-making models. Defense Ethics Program guidance proved effective in one case study involving a nonoperational ethical dilemma. In two case studies involving operational dilemmas, Defense Ethics Program guidance proved less effective than the two allied military decision-making models. If the Canadian Defense Ethics Program adopted an operationally oriented ethical decision-making model, then it would provide more effective guidance for members of the military."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Woodgate, John
2004
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Joint Laser Interoperability, Tomorrow's Answer to Precision Engagement
"Joint Vision 2020 directs a transformation of Department of Defense to meet US needs in the next century. One of the major goals of this transformation is a fully joint force capable of precision engagement. This monograph proposes a concept called Joint Laser Interoperability and discusses whether or not this concept provides some or all of Joint Vision 2020's precision engagement. The discussion begins with the current state of US laser systems and the present state of interoperability. This includes a brief discussion of how a laser works and what constitutes the basic parts of a laser system, laser range finders, laser designators, laser spot trackers, and laser guided weapons. The monograph also explains the difference between eye-safe and non eye-safe lasers. Once the monograph outlines current laser system capabilities it describes how current air, ground, and naval laser systems could be combined with new technology to create a joint force that is fully laser interoperable. The monograph also suggests changes in future organizations and equipment such as the US Army s Interim Brigade Combat Team (IBCT). These changes focus on providing a laser based precision capability to units that do not have one, and increasing the capability of those units that already possess some laser capability. After defining Joint Laser Interoperability, the monograph discusses the operational advantages this concept could provide the DOD and how the concept would enhance current precision engagement capabilities. The monograph discusses the joint advantages in both deep and close operations, and how the air, ground, and naval elements would benefit from Joint Laser Interoperability. The monograph also discusses the limitations and roadblocks to fielding this concept with respect to weather, communications, and doctrine."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Neuenswander, David M.
2001-05-01
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Is Sufficient Information Available to Develop Theater Engagement Plans?
"This monograph explores the ongoing evolution of theater engagement plans (TEP) and the apparent paucity of information relating to TEP to determine if there is sufficient information available to develop TEP. Three criteria are used to answer the monograph question: sufficiency of national policy, doctrine and country and regional information. These criteria provide a lens through which to examine information requirements versus sufficiency to developing TEP. Because a planner develops operational engagement activities as part of TEP for individual countries, the monograph analyzes the sufficiency of information for developing TEP using Taiwan as a case study. The monograph has four chapters. The first chapter defines the problem with information relating to TEP and examines sufficiency of national policy and doctrine relating to TEP. Chapters two and three examine criteria for evaluating a country and determine their relevance and sufficiency of information for TEP. The monograph concludes by analyzing information requirements versus information sufficiency and identifies implications for developing TEP and for the PACOM staff charged with developing TEP for Taiwan."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Tate, Michael A.
2001-01-01
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Combating Transnational Terrorism in Southeast Asia
"This Thesis examines the Bush 2002 National Security Strategy (NSS) as it applies to combating terrorism in Southeast Asia. This methodology uses a modified problem solving template to determine the current and evolving nature of the threat in the region. Next it analyzes the application of the Bush 2002 NSS by the four traditional instruments of power: diplomatic, information, military and economic. Further it analyzes the impact of nontraditional instruments of power such as law enforcement, intelligence, financial and education. The results are applied to two case studies. The conclusion of this study is that the Bush 2002 NSS is effective for combating current and planned transnational terrorist operations in Southeast Asia. The NSS, however, does not go far enough to remove the underlying conditions that will prevent the next generation from becoming transnational terrorists. Recommendations to remove the underlying conditions are proposed. The result is a long-term approach that will defeat transnational terrorism in Southeast Asia."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Stelzig, Michael P.
2003-06-06
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Feasibility of Djibouti as an Intermediate Staging Base for U.S. Land Force Operations in the Middle East
"As the United States (U.S.) sustains the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT) and the prospect of invading Iraq looms imminent, there remains a pressing need for viable intermediate staging bases (ISB) in the Middle East to conduct decisive military operations. Recent policy changes and attitudes by the region's predominantly Muslim inhabitants have limited the US's choices for staging operations within the U.S. Central Command area of responsibility (AOR). Djibouti's geography, infrastructure, and capacity to accommodate a sizable military formation make it an ideal operations and logistics hub. The country's pro-Western stance and support for United Nations (UN) peace support initiatives and humanitarian civic actions illustrates the potential for a cooperative arrangement involving U.S. forces. Djibouti may offer the regional combatant commander a significant advantage through greater operational reach and increased flexibility in operational design. Destroying Hammás strongholds in Sudan, neutralizing oppressive warlords in Somalia, or preparing to conduct offensive operations against rogue nations are all likely scenarios for U.S. land forces, and Djibouti may be the optimal launch pad. The study provides an overview of Djibouti and the Horn of Africa region by examining its historical background, socio-economic structure, political system, religious and cultural idiosyncrasies and the impact on military operations. It also defines optimal ISB standards and discusses the country's ability to support military operations. Finally, the study analyzes current regional disparities that affect U.S. and global interests and the likelihood for U.S. military intervention."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Talley, Michael J.
2003
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Southeast Asia: America's Next Frontier in the Global War on Terrorism
"America's strategy to combat terrorism, resulting from Al-Qaeda's 2001 attacks, falls short of its intent to defeat transnational terrorism. While the tenets of the current counterterrorism strategy were written broadly to enable global employment, this template approach proved ineffective. While focusing its efforts on dismantling terrorist organizations in Afghanistan and Iraq, America neglected parts in Southeast Asia that provided sanctuary to Islamic terrorists. Such sanctuaries facilitated the regrouping, recruiting, and training of Al-Qaeda operatives to conduct subsequent attacks against America and its allies throughout the world. The central research question is: What strategy can the US employ to eliminate Al-Qaeda's influence throughout the Southeast Asian countries of Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines? Recommended strategy changes were generated from applying a three-step analysis approach. First, analyzing the adversary established a foundation from which to develop recommendations to counter Al-Qaeda's operations. Second, analyzing three Southeast Asian governments' responses to terrorist threats within their country assisted in the formulation of a counterterror strategy for the region. Finally, the analysis of the current counterterror strategy resulted in recommended adjustments to each of America's instruments of national power--diplomatic, informational, military, and economic--to facilitate elimination of Al-Qaeda's influence in Southeast Asia."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Barker, Leroy R., Jr.
2004-06-17
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Global War on Terrorism: A Policy of Containment
"This work asks two questions. Is the National Security Strategy (NSS) of 2002, The Global War on Terrorism (GWOT) a policy of containment and why does it matter? This work identifies the NSS as a policy of containment by comparing the national strategies of Presidents Nixon, Clinton, and Bush. This comparison shows that although the strategic environment has changed the policy of containing threats has remained. Establishing that the United States national strategy is still a policy of containment, this work points out that the military has an excellent strategy already in place. That strategy is the National Military Strategy of 1997. This work asserts that the strategy clearly identifies the current threat and if aggressively implemented it can meet the political objectives stated in the NSS 2002. Because the United States military is not large enough to fight the entire GWOT at one time, this work recommends a way to prosecute it at the operational level utilizing the elements of operational design and the operational framework provided in the Army FM 3.0."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Elledge, Matthew G.
2003-05-22
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Role of the United States Military in Counterdrug Operations in the Year 2000
"This study looks into the feasibility of change in the United States military's role in counterdrug operations in the year 2000. The dangers of illegal drug usage and trafficking have had a major effect on the United States. In 1983 President Reagan declared a 'war on drugs' because of the threat narcotics trafficking posed to the national security of the United States. in doing this, he enrolled the use of many Federal agencies to include the military. The drug threat remains a threat to the United States as many countries abroad continue to depend on the income from illegal drug products for their livelihood. However, with the possibility of decreased personnel and financial resources, the future status of the military is hard to envision. The possibility of an increased role or continued current counterdrug role may affect combat readiness of the military."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Hodges, Adele E.
1997-06-06
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Efficacy of the Instruments of National Power in Winning Insurgent Warfare: A Case Study Focused on Peru and Sendero Luminoso
"Determining the causes of insurgency is important to military studies and social sciences because of the pervasiveness of insurgency and its impact on regional stability and governmental legitimacy. The moderating influences of the Cold War are gone, and insurgent warfare and terrorism are taking on greater importance for the military professional. Insurgent activities range from propaganda and political mobilization to guerrilla warfare and domestic and transnational terrorism. Their goals are even more diverse and complex. By trying to understand how insurgencies become impervious to counterinsurgency efforts, it becomes easier to understand how to prevent their devastating effects on regional stability and international affairs. In order to be successful, any insurgency or counterinsurgency strategy must apply all of the instruments of national power: diplomatic, informational, military and economic. To fail to do so virtually guarantees perpetuation of the struggle and likely greater bloodshed and instability. This thesis provides an in-depth analysis of the Peruvian insurgency Sendero Luminoso and the governmental counterinsurgency efforts between 1980 and 1994 to demonstrate this. Studying what makes insurgencies endure in spite of strong counterinsurgency efforts is vital to preparing the military professional to know his enemy and fight on the modern battlefield."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Taylor, Grady Scott
2004
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U.S. Army Training in the Tactical Employment of Chemical Weapons: A Flaw in Our Chemical Deterrence?
"Chemical weapons were introduced in World War I by the Germans in 1916, during the battle of Ypres. The military's appreciation for the effectiveness of this weapon of mass destruction has continually conflicted with society's horror of its cruel effects. As a compromise, many nations agreed not to employ them in future wars, with the reservation that they would retain a retaliatory capability that would deter an adversary's impulse to introduce chemicals into the battle. While those measures served to prevent chemical use in World War II, events since then force us to reevaluate our retaliatory capability and its deterrence value. Increased use of chemical agents by the Soviet Union and it client states, and the development of chemical weapon programs in other third world nations, points to an ever increasing future risk that the US's 'retaliation in kind' policy will be challenged. Meanwhile the US Army has neglected the training of its officers and units in the tactical employment of chemical weapons to the point that it seriously undermines the credibility of the deterrence value of our chemical weapons policy. This paper concludes that the lack of training prevents the US Army from realizing that it is prepared to fight with an obsolete chemical doctrine, and recommends actions that will update its chemical warfighting capability and thereby enhance the deterrence effect of our chemical weapons policy. Keywords: Chemical training; Soviet chemical training; Tactical chemical employment; Historical chemical use."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Peddy, Charles A.
1988-12-06
