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Engineer Company Force Structure 'Force Modularization' in Support of Decisive Action. Does the Corps of Engineers Need to Re-structure Engineer Construction Companies Again in Order to Support Decisive Actions?
From the thesis abstract: "Decisive action of the United States Army places additional weight on construction units particularly in support of construction missions during offensive, defensive, stability or defense civil support authority (DCSA) operations, yet organic engineer capabilities have been reduced in the current and future company structure. The author will examine the past, present and future engineer construction companies in support of unified land operations with emphasis on decisive action. This thesis will examine three different types of engineer units; the first unit is Legacy Construction Company (under FORCE XXI model), EAB [Echelon Above Brigade] modularity for construction companies broken down in two different formations (vertical and horizontal companies) and construction support company organization within the Brigade Combat Team Engineer organization. An additional focus will examine the capabilities that exist within Engineer construction companies, what responsibilities relies on these units in order to provide support of mobility, counter mobility, survivability and general engineering. The modularity within construction companies offers limited construction framework for Maneuver or support elements. The author examines current Army Universal Task Lists (AUTL) for each organization, review the Doctrine, Organization, Training, Material, Leadership, Personnel and Facilities (DOTMLFP) impacts as new structures develops and how units deployed in support of Decisive Actions converts to the old model in order to work efficiently. The author also recommends a third vertical platoon within the construction company inside the BEB [Brigade Combat Team Engineer Battalion], if changes are not implemented within the Echelon above Brigade Engineer units."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Escobar, Samuel A.
2012-05-16
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Network Centric Warfare Implementation and Assessment
From the thesis abstract: "This study examines three primary questions: (1) What is the definition of network-centric warfare? (2) Are the military services implementing the network-centric warfare concept? and (3) Is the network-centric warfare concept a new theory of warfare or rather a modification or extension of previous theories? To answer these questions various publications on network-centric warfare and the various military service transformation plans were reviewed. The definition of network-centric warfare developed is the linkage of people, systems, and platforms to form a self-synchronization networked force that creates shared battlespace awareness for information superiority and speed of command. A review of the services transformation plans showed that the services may not be using the same terms, but they are implementing the concepts of network-centric warfare. The study concludes that network-centric warfare is not a new theory of warfare, but a concept that supports maneuver theory of warfare similar to the concept of blitzkrieg developed by Germany prior to World War II. To emphasize this the term network-enabled warfare is suggested as a more appropriate term."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Braunlinger, Thomas K.
2005-06-17
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Rise of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Its Effect on Manned Tactical Aviation
From the thesis abstract: "Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are not new concepts. Their history dates back to the Civil War with hot air balloons and has evolved into a crucial combat tool for commanders in the modern battlespace. The increased demand for unmanned systems has placed a corresponding strain on manned tactical aviation and the airspace control system. This paper seeks to answer the questions surrounding the growth in the number of UAVs and their effects on the current structures in place. Current UAVs have a wide range of capabilities from the large Global Hawk high-altitude system to the hand-launched Raven. The US Army's transformation to a modular concept has increased the number of UAVs to approximately 300 per division. This increase has the potential to saturate the airspace command and control systems causing delays in the application of aerial delivered fires and identifying hostile UAVs. The analysis highlights the critical points and concludes the current airspace structure can support the growth in the number of UAVs but with time delays caused by the amount of coordination required. The ability to defend against threat UAVs will remain doubtful until all blue UAVs can either be tracked or respond to air defense interrogations."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Meger, James P.
2006-06-16
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Civil Military Engagements Program: A Special Operations Solution to Threats Derived from Undergoverned Areas
A thesis presented to the Faculty of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Military Art and Science, Art of War Scholars. From the abstract: "Arguably the most serious threats to United States (U.S.) national security, in both the current and future operating environments are terrorist or criminal non-state organizations. The 2015 National Security Strategy, 2014 Quadrennial Defense Review, and Army Operating Concept 2020-2040 clearly identifies these threats as the most complex problem that the U.S. Army will face. In 2014, Special Operations Command (SOCOM) requested further research to identify ways that Special Operations Forces (SOF) may effectively accomplish their objectives in undergoverned, threat areas. Using three regionally diverse examples, this thesis proposes that the Civil Military Engagements (CME) program, within the Civil Affairs (CA) Regiment, provides SOF an optimal solution to achieve its long-term objectives in undergoverned areas. This is initially due to their ability to gain and maintain access into targeted regions, and capitalizing on this access by filling information gaps and identifying sources of instability for both SOF and Department of State (DoS). However, the greatest value is the program's ability to serve as a vanguard for DoS efforts in assisting host nation governance."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Carr, Christian A.
2015-06-12
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Influencing Tomorrow: A Study of Emerging Influence Techniques and their Relevance to United States Information Operations
"The rapidly changing information environment and media landscape presents both challenges and opportunities for United States Information Operations professionals. This thesis utilizes qualitative cross-regional comparative case studies of three actors conducting influence operations during the timeframe of 2001 to 2015. The first influencer, Al Qaeda, offers insights into an international network that has preserved a holistic identity, while simultaneously franchising globally. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant is the second study and an outstanding example of a regional non-state actor who rapidly claimed market share and crafted a compelling narrative that powerfully resonated with a heavily message saturated audience. The final case study, the Russian Federation, is an example of a regionally dominant state actor integrating information operations and offensive military operations among a culturally similar, adversary populace. The techniques employed, and the corresponding results, offer excellent insights into the influences practices that resonate with target audiences, and by extrapolation, those techniques that may offer the greatest future potential to the United States Department of Defense."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Boehnert, John M.
2015-06
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Boko Haram's Strategy Deconstructed: A Case Study Comparison Between Boko Haram and the Algerian National Liberation Front
A thesis presented to the Faculty of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Military Art and Science, General Studies. From the abstract: "Since 2009, Boko Haram has waged a campaign of terror in Nigeria that has resulted in over 10,000 fatalities and threatens the security and stability of West Africa. Boko Haram has stated its objective as the creation of an Islamic State in Nigeria governed by a puritanical form of Salafist Islam. This research sought to discover whether Boko Haram could usurp the Nigerian Government's control over Northern Nigeria with their current strategy. By conducting a case study comparison between Boko Haram and a successful insurgency, the Algerian National Liberation Front, it was possible to answer the primary research question. Boko Haram can usurp the Nigerian Government's control over Northern Nigeria; however, it will only occur due to the Nigerian Government's lack of commitment to defeating Boko Haram. With their current strategy, Boko Haram is unable to generate the popular or external support needed to establish a legitimate source of power and influence in Northern Nigeria. Finally, this research identified how Boko Haram could improve their strategy and what the Nigerian Government should do to prevent Boko Haram from establishing control over Northern Nigeria."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Burgess, Cortis B.
2015-06-12
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Measuring the Immeasurable: An Approach to Assessing the Effectiveness of Engineering Civic Assistance Projects Towards Achieving National Security Objectives
"One of the fundamental struggles of U.S. conflicts in the post-World War II era continues to be how to utilize the military instrument of national power as a way to influence people and populations in order to achieve national objectives. In the 2014 'Quadrennial Defense Review', Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General Dempsey specifies that conducting humanitarian assistance is one of the twelve different ways in which the U.S. military achieves national security objectives. Given this support, there is ever increasing reliance on Humanitarian and Civic Assistance (HCA), specifically engineering civic assistance projects (ENCAPs), as a way to shape the operational environment. Given this increased utilization, assessing their effectiveness towards achieving national security objectives becomes paramount. However, an adequate method of assessment does not exist. The development of such a system will increase the value and effectiveness of ENCAPs given their expanded utilization in a fiscally austere environment that threatens to reduce or eliminate their funding."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Craig, Orlando N.
2015
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Effective Use of Labels in Strategic Communication
A thesis presented to the Faculty of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Military Art and Science, Strategic Studies. From the abstract: "Labels and brands are designed to evoke emotion in all of us. With time, these labels enter common vocabulary in unique and specific ways. Organizational labels establish the tone for the specific group-- friendly groups as well as threat groups. The primary question is, 'Should the application of labels toward threat groups factor into the communication of national strategy?' Because President Barak Obama emphasized the employment of strategic communication in the 2010 National Security Strategy, the United States must consider the labels used to address emerging threats. The informational instrument of national power must lead the national reaction to global security issues. The United States must be in the forefront of the conversation as the global discussion continues of how to refer to adversarial or threat groups such as ISIS. [Islamic State of Iraq and Syria] The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate the importance the labeling of threat groups is to information as a source of national power. The efficient use of information will serve to set the tone for unified action against threat groups and adversaries. National leadership must clearly express the national strategic direction for all governmental, military, non-governmental, private sector organizations, and others to follow."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Haller, Valiant A.
2015-06-12
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Adapting Unconventional Warfare Doctrine to Cyberspace Operations: An Examination of Hacktivist Based Insurgencies
A thesis presented to the Faculty of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Military Art and Science, General Studies. From the abstract: "This study proposes how cyberspace operations can best support online resistance movements to influence adversary national will or affect political behavior to achieve U.S. strategic objectives. Political and social hacker activists (hacktivists) are disrupting governments, organizations, companies, and influencing popular and social movements to achieve their causes. Within the cyber domain, technically-capable, socially-aware guerilla-type hacktivists struggle against governments in ways similar to unconventional warfare (UW) campaigns in physical domains. There is currently a gap between UW and cyberspace operations on how best to properly engage, support, and organize an insurgency in cyberspace. Current conditions on the Internet present an opportunity to implement UW within a new domain through online resistance groups and organizations, specifically with the use of hacktivists. An analysis of the Hong Kong Umbrella Revolution of 2014 validates the potential for a UW campaign using a proposed sixphased cyberspace UW model."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Anderson, Talon G.
2015-06-12
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Are Muslim Diaspora in the U.S. Vulnerable to Islamic Extremism?
A thesis presented to the Faculty of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Military Art and Science, Homeland Security Studies. From the abstract: "Recent actions in Europe have highlighted the ability of Muslim diasporas to conduct terrorist attacks against their adopted homeland. With an estimated 2.6 million Muslim diaspora in the United States and millions more seeking refuge from current conflicts, there is concern with Islamic extremists utilizing diaspora to conduct future attacks on the United States homeland. The purpose of this thesis is to determine if the Muslim diaspora in the United States are vulnerable to exploitation by Islamic extremists. A qualitative research approach is applied utilizing comparative case study methodology to evaluate select factors of governance, economics, religion, armed conflict, and United States involvement in the homeland of four Islamic extremists who have recently planned or conducted acts of terrorism against the United States."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Chronister, Justin
2015-06-12
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Emergency Support Function 15: Communication Synchronization during Defense Support of Civil Authorities Operations
"In response to 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina, there were a number of shortfalls that surfaced in interagency coordination and jurisdictional boundaries such as poor information sharing, confused relationships, unclear understanding of roles and responsibilities and leadership challenges. The Emergency Support Function (ESF) 15 Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) incorporates the following five components: Public Affairs, Joint Information Center (JIC), Congressional Affairs, Public Information Plans and Products, Intergovernmental Affairs, and the private sector aspects of external affairs. The purpose of the ESF 15 Communication Synchronization program evaluation phenomenological study is to understand the lived experiences of federal (to include military), state, and local interagency public affairs officers the FEMA VII U.S. Midwestern Region area of responsibility and to explore the affect of the ESF 15 communication synchronization during Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA) operations."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Clas, Anthony M.
2015-06
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Operation Restore Hope: Strengthening Multilateral Operations
From the thesis abstract: "The United States (U.S.)1994 National Security Strategy emphasized the strengthening of the United Nations (UN) capability to conduct multilateral operations. This thesis analyzes U.S. policy decisions made during the 1992-1994 Somali crisis and Operation Restore Hope to determine if the U.S. strengthened the UN ability to conduct multilateral peace operations. Using criteria outlined in Joint Doctrine Publication 3-07, 'Peace Operations', and by examining critical U.S. policy decisions made throughout the crisis the research determined U.S. policy decisions did not strengthen UN capabilities to conduct multilateral peace operations. U.S. policy decisions hindered the perceived legitimacy, credibility and the UN ability to foster political reconciliation. The implications of the U.S. and UN experience in Somalia had a long lasting impact on the perceptions of U.S. resolve in the face of casualties and the UN capabilities to organize and lead a multilateral peace operation."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Alexander, Jason M.
2013-02
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Social Media Applications for Unconventional Warfare
From the thesis abstract: "What role might social media play in proxy and actual military campaigns? Professional thinking on the role of social media in military operations is nascent and uninformed by cutting-edge scholarship on contemporary social and political action. Applying abductive reasoning, I analyze existing scholarship to develop a framework for integrating social media considerations into the military professional's thinking on planning and conducting operations. I show that the rise of social media has fundamentally changed collective action. Individuals now play an equal or greater role than organizations in political action through powerful narratives, while traditional organizations and networks have evolved in nature and increased in complexity. This change necessitates the skilled employment of social media at the tactical level by MISO operators. I further apply this framework to unconventional warfare, an inherently interagency operation that bears the greatest similarity to recent resistance campaigns around the world, to explore the possibilities of social media intervention. This study has implications for how interagency partners, policymakers, strategists, and military commanders and planners think about and plan for social media integration not just for unconventional warfare, but into all military operations."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Burnore, Nathanael
2013-02
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Where Are We? Finding a Start Point on the Ethical Map
From the thesis abstract: "How are mid-career U.S. military professionals postured ethically to think about non-combatants given pervasive ethical heterogeneity? The literature on professional military ethics education (PMEE) fails to suitably address this question. It encompasses a number of contrasting ways to teach ethics, but they each presuppose an ethical start point, which is unknown, and really, neglected. These shortcomings become evident with respect to an individual officer's ethically constitutive beliefs, their military's professional ethics, the world's heterogeneity, and the obligations they have toward non-combatants. I conduct a two-part methodology. I first survey mid-career military professionals on their attitudes towards non-combatants. This survey will serve as the backdrop for my theorization of the nexus, implicit but inadequately developed in existing PMEE conceptions."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Ellis, Christopher M.
2013-02
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Effectiveness of Installation Aeromedical Evacuation
From the thesis abstract: "The Army faces the challenge of rebalancing priorities amid reduction of funding for the Global War on Terrorism while still maintaining effective aeromedical evacuation support for both garrison and operational missions. The central research question is whether the current system of aeromedical evacuation is effective in support of Army installations. Effectiveness was examined against three evaluation criteria: cost, integration, and control. Results showed effectiveness of installation aeromedical evacuation was assessed as less than desirable in cost and neutral in both integration and control mechanisms. Overall conclusions are the current system of aeromedical evacuation certainly completes the mission but is not efficient."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Buenaventura, Lexie B.
2013-02
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Framework for NGO-Military Collaboration
From the thesis abstract: "What do military professionals need to know about NGOs [non-governmental organizations]? The literature on NGOs includes very little about NGO-military relationships in troubled areas. Moreover, the U.S. military fails to convey or encourage an adequate understanding of NGOs in its publications and mid-career military education. Drawing abductively from scholarly literature and inductively from case studies and practitioner interviews, I theorize that the efficacy of NGO-military collaboration varies with the type of NGO (INGO [international non-governmental organizations] or LNGO [local non-governmental organizations]) and the type of operation. I crystallize this argument into a typology of NGO-military outcomes. I find that military cooperation with international NGOs is most productive during humanitarian-assistance and disaster-relief operations, whereas military cooperation with local NGOs is most productive during conflict and post-conflict operations."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Penner, Glenn B.
2013-02
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'Everyone Else is They': A New Framework for Operational Culture
"Culture plays an important role in armed conflict. But the concepts of culture expressed in doctrinal manuals are insufficient to aid military and intelligence planners in evaluating the effectiveness of a strategy or operational approach. By focusing on the observable items of 'tactical culture,' we miss opportunities for intervention in conflict. I offer a theoretical approach to evaluating operational and strategic plans through the lens of culture, and combine theories to address the social and political logics at work in a society, as well as the logic of fantasy that overlays these structures. I also address how narratives and stories of peoplehood are used to shore up the political and fantasmatic logics, and to maintain power despite emerging contestation of the status quo. Finally, multiple theories regarding political language and political reality, semiotics and meaning-making, and the existential faith of a society are used to identify if and when these complicated stories of peoplehood and fantasmatic logics are at work. All of these combined will enable planners to identify areas for intervention, to evaluate the potential success or failure of a course of action, and to anticipate potential second- and third-order effects of planned lines of effort."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Kraushaar, Megan K.
2013-06-14
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U.S. Government Security Response To Attacks On Its Diplomatic Missions, 1979-2012: How Effective?
From the Master of Military Art and Science, Homeland Security Studies, thesis, "Endeavoring to determine the effectiveness of the United (U.S.) Government's security response to attacks on its diplomatic missions, this thesis examined 11 attacks that occurred between 1979 and 2012. As a result of the researcher's analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data, conclusions were made that addressed the significance of: the capability of a receiving nation's government to provide for the protection of a U.S. mission; the willingness of that government to provide for the protection of the mission; and consistent levels of funding for the Department of State. The researcher recommends: the U.S. Government assess the capability and willingness of a receiving nation to provide for the protection of a U.S. mission; the inclusion of Department of Defense assets to help secure missions in situations where the receiving nation is incapable or unwilling; serious consideration be given to closing U.S. missions in countries where the governments are either incapable or unwilling to provide security, and Department of Defense assistance is not feasible; Congress provide consistent levels of funding for the Department of State; and a comprehensive review of Department of State personnel and resource allocations, and the closing of missions that do not achieve an acceptable risk to reward assessment."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Kraus, Jeffrey P.
2013-06-14
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Illusion of Governance: The Challenges of Providing Effective Governance as a Tool of Counterinsurgency in Eastern Afghanistan's Paktika Province
From the Master of Military Art and Science, General Studies thesis abstract, "This study analysis and compares selected counterinsurgencies, to include the Afghanistan conflict since 2001, with an emphasis in the Bermal district of the rural Eastern Afghanistan region (Paktika Province). The comparison provides lessons and examples of challenges seen across different periods in time and regions, under the themes of insurgencies and counterinsurgencies. Taking into account the development of a new type of operational informant, which has evolved due to the continual status of conflict the United States has encountered since 2001. The analysis explains how the key requirements to the success of the concept of government stability are; successfully introducing, developing and executing plans to guide the government in need through basic stability concepts or Logical Lines of Operation as is governance. The study further analyses and evaluates what an effective governance mechanism looks like, providing four key criteria to quantify the effectiveness of a complex subject as is governance: (1) Identify and recruit local leaders and organizational representatives, (2) Establish or reestablish justice system, (3) Reestablish essential services provided by local government, to include educational and medical capacity, and (4) Secure the populace continuously."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Mendoza, Jorge J.
2013-05-22
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Economics in Counterinsurgency: Analyzing and Applying History's Lessons on Economic Strategy
This a thesis in partial fulfillment for a Master's Degree of Military Art and Science in General Studies. From the abstract, "This thesis attempts to identify common basic tenets for the successful application of economics as a component of counterinsurgency [COIN] efforts. Based on those tenets, this thesis will also explore how US government agencies can better apply economics in future counterinsurgency efforts. Identifying these basic tenets and proposing what agency or construct is best-suited to execute them may ultimately yield a more effective use of economics in prosecuting COIN campaigns in the future. Absence of a common operating framework, vague and conflicting guidance, and a lack of an integrated and cohesive effort among US government agencies in the employment of economics in counterinsurgency operations is apparent. This thesis examines the application of economics through case study analysis, reviewing the Marshall Plan, the Vietnam War, and Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom. Analysis of these case studies suggests that host-government partnership, unity of control, and capacity development are fundamental tenets of the successful employment of economics in a counterinsurgency campaign."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Weidman, Hayes J.
2014-01
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Examination of the Role of the United States Army Reserve in Support of Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA)
This a thesis in partial fulfillment for a Master's Degree of Military Art and Science in Homeland Security Studies. From the abstract, "This study investigates the operational aspects of the Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA) operations within the Department of Defense. Within the primary research construct, focus was the Army Reserve. This research utilized DOTMLPF [doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership and education, personnel and facilities] design methodology to assess the current and desired operating environments, as well as identify operational gaps. This research reviewed current fiscal constraints and limitations in regards to the active component, limiting operational approach recommendations to current force allocations. It does not call for additional assets, but does provide focus areas should they be required in the future for a reevaluation of the Army Reserve force structure. This study focuses heavily on the Army Reserve's role in DSCA missions, and its possible future missions while operating in a resource-constrained environment. The Army Reserve when required to provide a further significant role, will under limited time and resources accomplish the mission. Maintaining a relevant study area was key to this research with the wealth of information available. Research includes an extensive study of current laws and doctrine, which provide oversight to DSCA missions. Additionally, force structure and staffing recommendations support operations during DSCA events in order to make the Army and Army Reserve's DSCA missions more effective"
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Rowsey, James K.
2014-01
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United States Army Field Artillery and the Hybrid Threat: Is it Time to Get Smart?
This a thesis in partial fulfillment for a Master's Degree of Military Art and Science in Strategic Studies. From the abstract, "Is the United States Army Field Artillery still capable of successfully countering the Hybrid Threat, and what role would precision smart munitions play in developing such a capability? Precision smart munitions were, at one time, considered a necessary capability, but as time progressed and new threats developed, the need for such a capability dwindled. Previous research examines whether current capabilities can doctrinally employ field artillery, but there is little research examining whether or not doctrinally employed field artillery is capable of addressing the Hybrid Threat described in current Army doctrine, specifically the threat of conventional enemy forces. In this thesis I examine U.S. Army Field Artillery doctrine, organization, and materiel and determine that capability gaps do exist against the conventional forces of the Hybrid Threat. While smart munitions are not the only solution to these gaps, this thesis argues that they do offer a solution and provides recommendations as to how they can better prepare the U.S. Army Field Artillery for future adversaries"
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Fuller, Jeff
2014-01
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Whole of Government Approach Through Interagency Partner development: National Security Professional Development
This a thesis in partial fulfillment for a Master's Degree of Military Art and Science in General Studies. From the abstract, "The Goldwater Nichols Act (GNA) required the United States Armed forces to establish a joint approach to better utilize the full capability of the US military. GNA has been steadily refined over 28 years and proven to be an integral part of military planning and action. In 2007, President Bush signed Executive Order (EO) 13434 creating National Security Professional Development (NSPD). The EO was created and executed based on lessons learned from the Department of Defense (DOD) in operations around Iraq and Afghanistan where experts were required from non-DOD agencies to support nation-building efforts. Though experts were in non-DOD agencies, most were not prepared to work with the DOD much less work in the military environment. EO 13434 was the first step in formalizing a recognized need to prepare non-DOD civilian agencies to work alongside the DOD. The process of developing National Security Professionals (NSP) across the vast non-DOD agencies has proven challenging and met with little success. As GNA has produced joint military education across the armed services, there are only fractions of education and development processes that are needed to produce a NSP from a non-DOD agency thus leaving a void for NSPD inside non-DOD agencies. GNA serves as a template for the development process of NSPD. "
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Griffiths, John
2014-01
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Analysis of the Development and Effectiveness of the United States Border Patrol Strategic Plans, 1994-2013
From the thesis abstract: "As threats against the United States (U.S.) evolved over time, so did the strategy of the United States Border Patrol (USBP) in an effort to keep unlawful persons from crossing into the U.S. at locations other than at designated ports of entry. This thesis analyzes the three strategies that the USBP developed since their inception in 1924. It reviews the themes of the three strategies and identifies their variations as the environment along the southwest border and the USBP as an organization changed over time. In order to assess the environment along the southwest border, the author examined the following variables: Political, Military, Economic, Social, Infrastructure, and Information (PMESII). In order to assess the USBP, the author analyzed the following variables: Doctrine, Organization, Training, Materiel, Leadership, Personnel, and Facilities (DOTMLPF). The use of these two methods of analysis throughout the three time frames during which each strategy was implemented, assisted to provide a similar research and comparison basis for each strategy."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Stalnaker, Jeffrey D.
2013-06
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Rise of China in the Caribbean: Impacts for Regional Security
From the masters thesis abstract: "The People's Republic of China (PRC) intensified its relations with Caribbean states in recent years. The Caribbean community is now embracing a growing and purposeful Chinese presence utilizing all the elements of "soft power" and instruments of national power-diplomacy, military assistance, and economic development to strengthen its strategic alliances within the region. The expansion of China may undermine United States (US) geopolitical dominance in the Basin which has the potential to create gaps in the areas of traditional security cooperation such as border security, law enforcement, military affairs and security policy and strategies.
In the context of US geopolitical interests and Caribbean security, this study seeks to explore China's motives and ascertain whether any gradual erosion of US geopolitical influence in the region may affect longstanding assistance and cooperation in treating with traditional and current non-traditional threats to Caribbean security; specifically transnational criminal organizations and terrorist networks. Does China pose a realistic threat to the U.S. in the region? Will current trends pose a conceptual or realistic challenge to the existing balance of security in the Caribbean Basin?"
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Johnson, Rohan F.
2013-02
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Safeguarding Canadian Arctic Sovereignty Against Conventional Threats
From the thesis Abstract: "The effects of climate change as well as national interests over control of vast amounts of natural resources in the Arctic seem to be destabilizing the geostrategic environment involving the circumpolar states. A traditional conflict scenario in the near future is not out of the question, particularly if the legal framework governing the region, the United Nations Law of the Sea Treaty, is proved inadequate to address the full range of issues in the region and fails to resolve territorial claims. Canada has ongoing disputes in the Arctic region with the United States, Russia, and Denmark, and has recently reaffirmed its commitment to its national sovereignty. Based on an analysis of military capabilities for Arctic operations as well as a qualitative comparison between each of these countries, this study establishes that Canada does not have the necessary military capabilities to deter and counter conventional threats to its sovereignty in the Arctic. Consequently, Canada should leverage the other means of national power, specifically its existing multilateral security and defense agreements, to ensure its sovereignty in the Arctic."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Abboud, Dave
2009-12-06
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U.S. Southwest Border Security: An Operational Approach
From the thesis abstract: "At the U.S. southwest border there exists the intersection of two distinct cultures, economies, political systems, and ideas of what comprises the national security interests of the U.S. and Mexico. Those security interests stem from a desire to prosper in the global economy while assuring the safety and security of their respective populations. The global economy requires the safe and expeditious movement of capital, goods and people to ensure the prosperity of its participants. While the expeditious flow of licit capital, goods and people across the southwest border provides for the national prosperity of the U.S. and Mexico, it remains a source of vulnerabilities to the national security and prosperity of each country as well. The vulnerabilities at the border include illegal migration, illicit trafficking in arms, drugs, people and black market goods, and the drug-related violence and impunity in certain areas that permit illegal activities."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Brackin, Steve; Cole, Justin V.; Hester, Wesley . . .
2012-12-14
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Whole of Government Approach: Maximizing Unity of Effort between the Department of Defense (DoD), Department of State (DoS), and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
"The USG (U.S. Government) has not effectively managed interagency collaboration in recent decades. The USG will face complex challenges in the future where it will be necessary to utilize all instruments of national power to their capacity. A coordinated interagency effort must be established and supported prior to U.S. intervention to ensure success. The purpose of this study is to identify challenges and shortfalls in interagency collaboration in order to recommend changes and implementations. The literature supports the concept of expanding interagency organizations like the JIACG (Joint Interagency Coordination Group) to conduct pre-conflict training, execute strategic objectives through tactical means, and maintain reachback capabilities to assist collaboration between DoS (Department of State) and DoD. Using a qualitative method to determine positive and negative aspects of interagency actions, processes, and policies, the selected case studies illustrate the enduring nature of interagency challenges. The results of the case studies show gaps in the whole of government approach that are rectifiable but does not yet have the essential governmental support which is untenable considering the alternative of prolonged interventions, waste of funding, and loss of personnel to conflict. It is prudent for the USG to become more efficient by increasing interagency."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Holmes, Otha J.
2013-02
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Could the United States Afford to Lose a Major Port?
"This study will attempt to describe the likely impact of a large container vessel sinking in the channel of New York City and define what the implications of such an event would be for New York City and the surrounding area, the response of the United States Coast Guard and Department of Homeland Security as well as the effects on the economy. This study will briefly address the threat of terrorist attacks on the merchant fleet and the security measures put in place to prevent the merchant fleet from becoming an easy target for terrorists. The following factors will be taken into account: who will respond to the sinking and sinking impacts, assessing the meaning of a terrorist attack or a mechanical and engineering failure. The impact would be serious to the surrounding area and the effects would not just affect the economy is the sense of money but in goods as well. Merchants and business would not be the only ones effected the everyday citizen would be as well. Most of the oil and fuel that supports the tri-state area is received via the port with that said a major loss of fuel and oil would bring the local economy to a halt."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Landi, Daniel W.
2013-02
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Considerations for U.S. Policy Toward Conventional Arms Manufacturers in Post-Conflict or Failed-State Environments
A thesis presented to the Faculty of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree: Master of Military Art and Science, Strategic Studies. From the abstract: "U.S. policy toward weapons' manufacturers in post-conflict and failed-state environments has been historically inconsistent. In post-WWII Germany, policy focused on dismantling weapon's factories and recruiting scientists and engineers. In the Former Soviet Union, policy focused on destruction of weapons of mass destruction, defense conversion, and redirection of weapon's scientists to peaceful endeavors to prevent proliferation. In post-2003 Iraq, U.S. policy focused exclusively on preventing the proliferation of those with experience working in weapons of mass destruction programs. No effort was made to convert defense industrial facilities to civilian production, resulting in the unemployment of 60,000 Iraqis who had worked there. With the increasing global threat posed by non-state actors and their use of improvised weapons, the world can no longer afford to ignore the fates of defense industrialists in post-conflict or failed-state environments. The market for their expertise has grown substantially and unemployment puts them at risk for recruitment. The U.S. should consider one of two options to address this issue: (1) expand current Cooperative Threat Reduction programs to include conventional arms experts, or (2) create a new program designed to offer those at risk an alternative to providing their expertise to insurgents, terrorists, and criminal organizations."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Liimatainen, William T.
2014-01
