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Contact Tracing and the Fight Against Covid-19: How Digital Tools Can Help
From the Background: "Contact tracing (CT) is a monitoring process that is a central public-health response to infectious-disease outbreaks. As the WHO [World Health Organization] explains, it can be broken down into three basic steps: 1. Identifying someone who has a disease; 2. Listing all those who have come into contact with the person; 3. Monitoring and following up with those people. Such measures were put in place during the Ebola outbreak in West Africa and during the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus in 2015. It can be an effective tool, but there are practical, resource-based constraints (see The European Centre for Disease Prevention Control outline of resource estimations needed for such processes). However, technology is now also being used, with digital and automated tracing taking place in countries around the world. This is potentially crucial to reducing the size of outbreaks. If effectively deployed, tech-assisted CT could be part of a broader strategy for loosening social-distancing and lockdown measures over the longer-term."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
Macon-Cooney, Benedict
2020-04-06
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COVID-19: Economic Considerations for Health Response Options in Developing Countries
From the Document: "This document offers a guide for economic management during tightening or relaxation of lockdown measures. This framework proposes a tightening/relaxation strategy differentiated by industry, taking into account both the risk of transmission during the regular operations of an industry and the economic value of said industry."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
2020-04-24
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COVID-19: Social Distancing in African Contexts
From the Document: "A range of social-distancing approaches are possible depending on testing capacity and availability of support for people's livelihoods. [...]The more restrictive the social-distancing measures, the greater the impact on individual livelihoods and deeper the subsequent economic shocks and likelihood of social unrest amongst poor communities. There is a wide spectrum of approaches in place across the world. Their efficacy in Africa remains to be seen."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
2020-03-30
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COVID-19: A Framework for Government Decision-Making in a Crisis
From the Document: "Each stage requires a tailored response strategy. [...] A core set of approaches should be used throughout the outbreak; precise activities will vary according to phase."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
2020-03-26
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Price Worth Paying: Tech, Privacy and the Fight Against Covid-19
From the Webpage: "This report is part of a series exploring the challenges and opportunities of technology for policymakers responding to Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. Our companion report, Digital Policy for a Physical Lockdown, looks at how tech can help countries adapt to the radical change in operating environment for citizens, companies and governments."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
Bamford, Roxanne; Dace, Hermione; Macon-Cooney, Benedict . . .
2020-04-24
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Covid-19: Guide for Governments: Working with Religious Leaders to Support Public-Health Measures
From the Document: "Governments can leverage the trust, reach and practical support of religious leaders to deliver effective public-health responses."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
2020-04-16
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Everyone Needs to Give Up a Little Privacy to Help Defeat Coronavirus
From the Webpage: "Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] has put countries in a terrible position - do nothing and watch in horror as the health service is overwhelmed, or lock the country down and count the staggering economic and social cost instead. The careful application of technology offers a way out, at a price: dramatically increased surveillance. But in a three-way choice between overwhelming the NHS [National Health Service], collapsing the economy or living with more tracking and data-sharing, this is a price worth paying. As well as contact-tracing apps, we would lean heavily on data and technology to organise armies of human contact-tracers to go with them; to prioritise, process and record test results; and - in time - to certify immunity and exempt some people from further testing. We would aggregate, cross-reference and interrogate every source of data that could help understand how the virus is spreading and protect people at risk."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
Yiu, Chris
2020-04-25
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Roadmap for Exit: Saving Lives and Livelihoods - Lessons from Around the World
From the Executive Summary: "Deciding how and when to begin easing lockdown needs to be informed by three considerations: the costs and benefits of lockdown, transmission and vulnerability. Under any approach we are very likely to face future outbreaks of uncertain scale. And uncertainty about the operating environment is almost as damaging for people and businesses as lockdown itself. A well-structured roadmap helps people and businesses manage uncertainty and strengthens compliance with measures designed to save both lives and livelihoods."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
Alvis, Sam; Kakkad, Jeegar; Mulheirn, Ian . . .
2020-05
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Mass Community Testing is Crucial to the Covid-19 Response: Here's How We Get There
From the Webpage: "Governments must rapidly test a very large percentage of their populations to fight coronavirus. This note - part of our series on using technology to fight Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] and cushion the impact of the crisis it has caused - sets out the technologies that governments must focus on and the steps they must take to roll out testing on a large scale. [...] 1. Developed-country governments should immediately redirect all relevant technology, engineering and manufacturing capacity towards mass production of rapid-testing capabilities. 2. Governments should develop digital tools to support community testing, help prioritise when testing capacity is limited and enable people to prove immunity.
3. Governments should leverage private-sector logistics capabilities to get tests out to households."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
Dace, Hermione
2020-04-04
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Economic Policy Response to COVID-19
From the Webpage: "The economic impact of Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] is likely to be huge, but it need not be permanent. The extent and speed of the recovery - whether V-shaped or L-shaped - depends on getting the immediate economic response right today. Our Economic Policy-Response Observatory (see interactive map below) tracks the latest developments in countries around the world as they respond to the economic shock created by the pandemic."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
Mulheirn, Ian; Browne, James; Wildi, Bill . . .
2020-04-06
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COVID-19: Crisis Management Structures
From the Document: "[1] Lead from the front - demonstrate active and visible leadership. Political authority will be more important than ever given the complexity and global scale of the Covid [coronavirus disease 2019] crisis. [2] Assign one focal person to coordinate whole-of-government crisis response efforts with delegated authority from the head of state. This goes beyond the Ministry of Health-led EOC [emergency operations center]. [3] Utilise emergency powers to facilitate rapid operationalisation of policy adjustments as the national health and economic crisis warrants. [4] Establish a forward-looking whole-of-government crisis-management structure that evolves as the nature of the pandemic and its social and economic consequences evolve. Staff the crisis management structure with the right people and right skills, with a focus on data collection and analysis, coordination and rapid decision-making. [5] Institutionalise technology-enhanced data collection, analysis and reporting capability and infrastructure for real-time decision-making. [6] Establish and stick to a battle rhythm to coordinate and command the crisis response efforts. Heads of state should receive updates on a daily basis at least. [7] Communicate frequently and regularly to mobilise the public behind the response efforts, and ensure consistent messaging across all communities."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
2020-03-26
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Covid-19 Testing in the UK: Unpicking the Lockdown
From the Foreword: "This paper outlines the importance of testing and the suggestion of a new structure around decision-making to get it at scale with speed. It is not a criticism of government efforts up to now. Everyone within government is working with enormous energy and commitment in dealing with a crisis, unique in complexity and difficulty, global in nature, and where the strategic decisions involve agonising trade-offs in the assessment of the public interest."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
Wain, Ryan; Macon-Cooney, Benedict; Insall, Lizzie . . .
2020-04-06
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COVID-19: Repurposing Manufacturing to Address Medical-Equipment Shortages in Africa
From the Executive Summary and Overview: "[1] In their fight against Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019], sub-Saharan African countries are struggling to procure essential medical equipment for their front-line health-care workers. [2] This guide explores how repurposing could address these shortages while enhancing Africa's industrial manufacturing capability and capacity and saving livelihoods."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
2020-04-10
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COVID-19: Access to Food Guide for Africa
From the Document: "As countries across the world respond to the Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] health crisis, food insecurity can also arise, caused by disruptions in global and local logistics, by shortages of farm workers, by the reduction in food purchasing power, or by the response of some countries hoarding food. This is especially worrying for countries with existing food-security challenges."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
2020-04-09
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COVID-19: Strategic Opportunities for African Manufacturing
From the Document: "Implications for global manufacturing: [1] Due to factory shutdowns in China and other countries during Q1 [quarter 1], supply chain disruptions and impaired mobility are drastically affecting production capacity. [2] Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] is causing major demand effects due to shortages of supplies, resulting from lack of access to raw materials. [...] [3] Full capacity production and distribution might not be likely for 12 to 18 months. [4] Opportunity for Africa to boost industrialisation by starting new product lines, capturing new markets, and exploiting disrupted supply chains, digitalisation and technology. [5] A window for smart industrial policies to take hold. [6] Leverage ACFTA [African Continental Free Trade Area] as a vehicle to propel and interconnect African manufacturing base."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
2020-04-24
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COVID-19: Investment Promotion Guide for Africa
From the Document: "Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] has immediate and long-term implications for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
2020-04-10
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COVID-19: Workplace Safety Guide
From the Document: "Four suggested steps for a safe workplace environment [...] [1] Develop a preparedness and response plan; [2] Implement an infection-prevention plan; [3] Identify and isolate sick people; [4] Communicate workplace flexibilities and protections. [...] This is intended purely as a guiding document. Considerations should be adapted to the context, based on feasibility."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
2020-04
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COVID-19 : structures de gestion de crise
"Le Coronavirus vous impose de gérer simultanément une crise sanitaire et économique. Vous avez donc besoin d'une structure de commandement afin de gérer la réponse à la crise sanitaire et d'une structure de coordination intergouvernementale afin de régir l'ensemble des politiques économiques et sociales."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
2020-03-27
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COVID-19 : Cadre pour les prises de décisions gouvernementales en période de crise
"Chaque étape nécessite une stratégie d'intervention personnalisée. [...] Un ensemble de base des approches à adopter doit être utilisé 26 mars 2020 pendant toute la durée de l'épidémie ; les activités précises dépendront de la phase en question."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
2020-03-26
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Covid-19: guide destiné aux gouvernements Travailler avec les leaders religieux pour soutenir les mesures de santé publique
"Les gouvernements peuvent mettre à profit la confiance, la portée et le soutien concret des leaders religieux pour délivrer une réponse de santé publique efficace."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
2020-04-16
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COVID-19: Economic Response Guide for Developing Economies
From the Introduction: "This document sets out what governments should be thinking about to ensure the economy supports the health measures being put in place, to manage the fallout, and to preserve the economy and protect the vulnerable. The document is modular. Each of the six sections can be read or used in isolation, depending on need."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
2020-04-03
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COVID-19: Social Mobilisation in Disease Outbreaks: Principles, Lessons and Examples from the Ebola Response in Sierra Leone
From the Executive Summary: "[1] In infectious-disease outbreaks, social mobilisation (SM) is the process of engaging and empowering communities to be agents of change in tackling the disease spread and its effects in their own communities. In a response that is often highly medicalised and centrally controlled, social mobilisation is essential in bringing about the behaviour change needed to stop the virus spreading from person to person. Effective social mobilisation takes a coordinated approach to working with trusted local leaders, existing community structures and networks, and a wide range of partners and allies in interrelated and complementary actions. [2] Acting early on social mobilisation is critical to successful containment. Early misinformation and mixed messaging can badly damage a community's willingness to change behaviours and their trust in the wider response. Once eroded, this is hard to win back and can contribute to community resistance and counterproductive and risky behaviours, making disease containment impossible. [3] In the 2014 Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone, early mistakes in community engagement hindered efforts to contain the outbreak. Many lessons were learned over time about how to foster the community ownership necessary to end the outbreak. These lessons can be valuable to governments planning their social mobilisation approach for the Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. The Tony Blair Institute (then the Africa Governance Initiative) was embedded in the Sierra Leone national Ebola response system and advised response leaders on many of their national campaigns. In this document, we have summarised lessons and tools from those experiences."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
2020-04-06
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COVID-19: Guidance for Governments Assessing Treatments
From the Executive Summary: "1. What drugs are or will be available to treat Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]? [a] Therapeutic treatments for Covid-19 should be considered after (1) prevention measures that reduce disease transmission; and (2) supportive care measures (such as ventilators and medical oxygen) that manage the symptoms of Covid-19. [b] While there is currently no treatment for Covid-19, nor any robust clinical evidence that supports a particular treatment, many clinical trials are underway to assess potential treatments. WHO [World Health Organization] has launched the Solidarity Trial to assess the four most promising treatments. [c] Treatments, if approved, are unlikely to be life-saving, but more likely to have an impact on the early stage of the disease. [d] Governments should also develop a vaccine strategy to access vaccine supplies when one is proven."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
2020-03-31
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COVID-19: Testing, Screening and Tracing
From the Document: "Screening has four basic purposes. Screening and triage protocols and methods, from ad hoc passive screening to mass, indiscriminate testing, vary widely. Regardless, the purpose of screening remains the same: (i) support risk communications to individuals; (ii) generate real-time data; (iii) enable acuity-based triage; and (iv) support proactive case finding and contact tracing early on. [...] Importance of testing: Testing enables containment and informs broader policy decisions. [...] Contact tracing is a monitoring process that is central to fighting infectious disease outbreaks. The World Health Organization breaks it down into three basic steps: [1] Identifying someone who has the disease. [2] Listing those who have come into contact with the person. [3] Monitoring and following up with those people."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
2020-03-31
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Covid-19: Guia para os Governos Trabalhar com líderes religiosos para apoiar medidas de saúde pública
"Os governos podem aproveitar a confiança, o alcance e o apoio prático de líderes religiosos para dar respostas eficientes em termos de saúde pública."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
2020-04-16
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COVID-19: Medical Equipment & Food Supplies
From the Document: "Shortages of medical equipment worldwide and procurement delays are further complicated by border closures and transport disruptions. Ventilators and treatment are also unlikely to be available or sufficient for some time, emphasising the importance of lower-intensity technological solutions in developing contexts. Governments need to quickly assess, prioritise and articulate needs to development partners and private suppliers, forecasting demand based on modelling and affordability. Priority should be given to prevention - protective equipment, thermometers, and dedicated medical facilities - and ensuring the safety and adequate training of health-care workers. In the short to medium term, there may also be opportunities to support the manufacturing of PPE [personal protective equipment] and equipment locally. Countries worldwide are restricting the movement of people and goods and imposing food bans, threatening global trade, commodity prices, and food availability. This is particularly important for Africa given its current levels of food imports, domestic production, and export revenues. Governments need to quickly assess food needs and availability, ensure that supply chains remain open, and identify mitigation actions for vulnerable populations. Planting and expanded cultivation should also be accelerated for the coming planting season (March to May) and plans made for storage. While addressing national food security and domestic production, countries should continue to leverage private sector investment and regional economic cooperation."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
2020-03-30
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COVID-19: Crisis Communications
From the Document: "Clear, consistent and transparent communication is vital to containing Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. [...] Objectives of Covid-19 crisis communications: [1] Cushion peak pressure on health care systems; [2] Stop contagion; [3] Ease economic burden."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
2020-03
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COVID-19 Fourniture d'équipements médicaux et de produits alimentaires
"Afin de répondre aux contraintes de logistique, il est urgent d'évaluer les besoins et les sources d'approvisionnement."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
2020-03-30
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COVID-19 Equipamento Médico e Abastecimento Alimentar
"A avaliação rápida das necessidades e das oportunidades de aprovisionamento é fundamental para lidar com as limitações cada vez maiores da cadeia de abastecimento."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
2020-03-31
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Digital Policy for a Lockdown: How Tech Can Help Us Adapt to a Radically Altered World
From the Webpage: "This report is part of a series exploring the challenges and opportunities of technology for policymakers responding to Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. Our companion report A Price Worth Paying: Tech, Privacy and the Fight Against Covid-19 looks at how technology can be used to stop the spread of the virus and increase the health system's capacity to treat those in need."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
Beacon, Rosie; Beverton-Palmer, Max; Bennett, Andrew . . .
2020-04-24
