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Operational Art and the Incident Command System: Public Health's Bridge in Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response
Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5 issued 28 February, 2003 calls for a National Incident Management System (NIMS) to provide a consistent nationwide approach for federal, state, and local governments in preparedness for, response to, and recovery from domestic incidents. The Incident Command System (ICS) is nationally recognized as the platform of choice for unification of operations in emergency response. Public health has a lack of understanding of ICS beyond familiarization, an established leadership style involving consensus building and group decision-making, and an unproven track record in leading mass casualty response teams. This research project recommends the development of a nationwide system of ICS training and application for public health personnel, to include exercise scenarios and simulations built on ICS unified command. The national ICS model would incorporate the existing FEMA model, but would allow for unique health care issues such as epidemiologic surveillance and investigation, patient cohorting for isolation, and lab operations. Selected personnel would be trained in military concepts of command and control (C2) and operational art to include campaign planning and principles of war. The ICS platform can enable the public health system to respond to public health emergencies in a timely and successful manner, whether the crises are manmade or natural biological outbreaks. Public health personnel must be able to take command and control the situation, preventing additional cases of infectious disease and saving lives during a mass casualty incident. In addition, cross-cultural training in military concepts to accomplish ICS functions could provide a bridge between the military and civilian sectors for future response partnerships.
Army War College (U.S.)
Stanley, Sharon A. R.
2003-03-22
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Regional Mass Fatality Management in Pandemic Surge
"National and state planning documents designate public health as the lead for mass fatality management (MFM). MFM planning, however, demands multiagency participation and full public-business-government leverage. This thesis explores pathways to reach operational regional MFM capability in Ohio, but also has implications for MFM planning across the nation. Survey research was conducted with three key MFM stakeholder groups: county coroners, emergency management directors, and health commissioners. The survey addressed realistic and actionable MFM planning by: 1) identifying state guidance gaps; 2) identifying local/regional operational gaps; 3) assessing regional resource capabilities; 4) categorizing proposed solutions to address identified gaps; and 5) listing legal, financial, and organizational barriers to the solutions. Findings show that the key stakeholder communities are confused, with a willingness to build MFM capacity that is accompanied by worries about who should lead and how to coordinate efforts. Research recommendations include a three-sector collaboration (government-business-citizens) operating at the regional level and public engagement. Another recommendation calls for alignment of state guidance and regional operations with The Joint Task Force Civil Support Working Group MFM areas: command and control; body identification; medico-legal investigation; morgue operations; funeral services; final disposition; and family assistance and behavioral health services."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Stanley, Sharon A. R.
2008-12
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