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U.S. Agricultural Aid in Response to COVID-19 [February 19, 2021]
From the Introduction: "This In Focus summarizes the major COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]-related agricultural programs, the types of support they provide (Table 2), and their implementation period, funding levels, outlays to date, and underlying authorities (Table 3). Relevant CRS [Congressional Research Service] reports on COVID-19-related programs for agriculture and other areas, such as for nutrition assistance programs, are identified in Table 1."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Schnepf, Randall Dean, 1954-; Rosch, Stephanie
2021-02-19
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Renewable Energy Policy in the 2007 Farm Bill [January 10, 2008]
"On July 27, 2007, the House passed a farm bill, the Farm, Nutrition, and Bioenergy Act of 2007 (H.R. 2419). On December 14, 2007, the Senate approved its version of the 2007 farm bill (Senate substitute amendment to H.R. 2419), but with substantial amendments. A House-Senate conference will work to resolve the major differences between the two chambers' bills in early 2008. This report provides a summary of the energy provisions in these two bills and compares them with current law. […] In addition to forthcoming farm bill action, the President has recently signed into law a new energy act (P.L. 110-140; December 19, 2007) that covers a wide range of topics with extensive attention to biofuels and other renewable energy sources. In particular, it includes a dramatic expansion of the Renewable Fuels Mandate to 36 billion gallons by 2022 with carve-outs for biodiesel (1 billion gallons by 2012) and cellulosic ethanol (16 billion gallons by 2022) and an implicit cap on corn-starch ethanol (15 billion gallons by 2015). For more information on these energy bills and their relation to the farm bills, see CRS Report RL34239, 'Biofuels in 2007 Energy and Farm Bills: A Side-by-Side Comparison'. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Capehart, Tom; Schnepf, Randall Dean, 1954-
2008-01-10
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Renewable Energy Policy in the 2007 Farm Bill [August 17, 2007]
"This report provides a summary of major legislative proposals for change in the farm bill energy title (Title IX) and compares current law with energy provisions from the recently approved House 2007 farm bill. On July 27, 2007, the House approved a new farm bill -- the Farm, Nutrition, and Bioenergy Act of 2007 (H.R. 2419) -- which includes an energy title (Title IX). H.R. 2419, as amended and passed by the House, expands and extends several provisions from the energy title of the enacted 2002 farm bill with substantial increases in funding and a heightened focus on developing cellulosic ethanol production. A key departure from current farm-bill related energy provisions is that most new funding would be directed away from corn-starch-based ethanol production and towards either cellulosic-based biofuels production or to new as-yet-undeveloped technologies with some type of agricultural linkage."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Schnepf, Randall Dean, 1954-
2007-08-17
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Selected Issues Related to an Expansion of the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) [December 3, 2007]
"High petroleum and gasoline prices, concerns over global climate change, and the desire to promote domestic rural economies have greatly increased interest in biofuels as an alternative to petroleum in the U.S. transportation sector. Biofuels, most notably corn ethanol, have grown significantly in the past few years as a component of U.S. motor fuel supply. Ethanol, the most commonly used biofuel, is blended in nearly half of all U.S. gasoline (at the 10% level or lower in most cases). However, current biofuel supply only represents about 4% of total gasoline demand. While recent proposals have set the goal of significantly expanding biofuel supply in the coming decades, questions remain about the ability of the U.S. biofuel industry to meet rapidly increasing demand. Current U.S. biofuel supply relies almost exclusively on ethanol produced from Midwest corn. In 2006, 20% of the U.S. corn crop was used for ethanol production. To meet some of the higher ethanol production goals would require more corn than the United States currently produces, if all of the envisioned ethanol was made from corn. Due to the concerns with significant expansion in corn-based ethanol supply, interest has grown in expanding the market for biodiesel produced from soybeans and other oil crops. However, a significant increase in U.S. biofuels would likely require a movement away from food and grain crops as feedstocks. Other biofuel feedstock sources, including cellulosic biomass, are promising, but technological barriers make their future uncertain. Therefore, some proposals would require ever-larger amounts of biofuels produced from feedstocks other than corn starch, including sugarcane, oil crops, and cellulose, to promote the development of these fuels."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Yacobucci, Brent D.; Schnepf, Randall Dean, 1954-
2007-12-03
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Major Agricultural Trade Issues in the 117th Congress [January 8, 2021]
From the Introduction: "This report identifies selected current major trade issues for U.S. agriculture that may be of interest in the 117th Congress. It begins by examining a series of overarching issues. These include U.S. agricultural trade and its importance to the sector, a brief description of the trade policy pursued by the Trump Administration and its implications for U.S. agricultural exports, a discussion of the ongoing and proposed new trade negotiations, and an update on World Trade Organization (WTO) agricultural issues related to the United States. The report then reviews a number of ongoing trade policy concerns to U.S. agriculture, including nontariff measures and trade barriers and disputes involving specialty crops, livestock, and dairy. The format for all issues is similar, consisting of background and perspective on the issue at hand and an assessment of its current status."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Regmi, Anita; Croft, Genevieve K.; Greene, Joel L. . . .
2021-01-08
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Major Agricultural Trade Issues in the 114th Congress [February 10, 2015]
From the Document: "Trade, particularly exports, is critical to the vitality of American agriculture. On average, foreign markets absorb about one-fifth of U.S. agricultural production, thus contributing significantly to the health of the farm economy. […] Farm product exports make up about 10% of total U.S. exports and contribute positively to the U.S. balance of trade. The economic benefits of agricultural exports also extend across rural communities, while overseas farm sales help to buoy a wide array of industries linked to agriculture, including transportation, processing, and farm input suppliers. Moreover, most of the future growth in food demand is expected to occur in developing countries. Trade, including agricultural trade, is clearly on the national agenda in the 114th Congress. The United States is engaged in negotiating two large regional trade agreements--the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) among 12 Pacific-facing nations, and the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (T-TIP) with the European Union. These agreements hold the potential to expand foreign markets for U.S. farmers and food processors by eliminating, or substantially lowering, tariffs and restrictive quotas around certain commodities, such as rice and pork in Japan, or by dismantling supply management programs that protect poultry, eggs, and dairy in Canada. Also on the negotiating agenda are non-tariff trade barriers, including certain sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures that governments employ to safeguard human, animal, and plant health, but which may also be used to deter imports. […]"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Cowan, Tadlock; Greene, Joel L.; Johnson, Renée . . .
2015-02-10
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U.S. Farm Income Outlook: February 2021 Forecast [February 24, 2021]
From the Document: "As the 117th Congress considers spending measures, such as through reconcilation, [sic] the health of the U.S. farm economy may be a part of the debate. In particular, Congress may consider the increased role in recent years of large government payments in supporting farm income. Is such intervention sustainable? In addition, is it neutral to the farm decisionmaking process, or does it confer any regional or commodity-specific advantages that might conflict with market forces?"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Schnepf, Randall Dean, 1954-; Rosch, Stephanie
2021-02-24
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Major Agricultural Trade Issues in the 116th Congress [May 20, 2019]
From the Summary: "Sales of U.S. agricultural products to foreign markets absorb about one-fifth of U.S. agricultural production, thus contributing significantly to the health of the farm economy. Farm product exports, which totaled $143 billion in FY2018 [...], make up about 9% of total U.S. exports and contribute positively to the U.S. balance of trade. The economic benefits of agricultural exports also extend across rural communities, while overseas farm sales help to buoy a wide array of industries linked to agriculture, including transportation, processing, and farm input suppliers."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Regmi, Anita; Angadjivand, Sahar; Cowan, Tadlock . . .
2019-05-20
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U.S. Farm Income Outlook: December 2020 Forecast [February 9, 2021]
From the Introduction: "This report discusses the results of the third of three official USDA national farm income outlook forecasts released for 2020 (see box 'ERS's Annual Farm Income Forecasts' in the 'Appendix') by USDA's Economic Research Service (ERS). This release of December 2, 2020, provided the most comprehensive view of annual net farm income for the year because harvests were close to completion for most crops, and a substantial share of the harvested crops already had been sold. However, USDA will continue to fine-tune farm income estimates for 2020 as more and better data become available through 2021. This report's 'Appendix' has a discussion of how the December forecast aligns with prior forecasts from earlier in 2020."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Schnepf, Randall Dean, 1954-; Rosch, Stephanie
2021-02-09
