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Budget Resolution and the Senate's Automatic Discharge Process [June 23, 2021]
From the Document: "The Congressional Budget Act of 1974 [hyperlink] (the Budget Act) provides for the annual adoption of a concurrent resolution on the budget that establishes an agreement between the House and Senate on budgetary levels for the upcoming fiscal year (and at least four additional years). The budget resolution assists Congress in developing federal budget policy, and its adoption allows Congress to trigger the budget reconciliation process. Consideration of the budget resolution is guided by the Budget Act and Senate rules and precedents. Section 300 of the Budget Act includes a timetable specifying dates by which Congress is to complete certain budgetary actions. Under this timetable, the Senate Budget Committee is directed to report a budget resolution (pertaining to the upcoming fiscal year beginning October 1) by April 1, and Congress is directed to complete action on a budget resolution by April 15. Since 1983, the Senate has interpreted [hyperlink] this timetable in a manner that affects how budget resolutions are referred to committee and placed on the Senate's Calendar of Business. If the Senate Budget Committee has not reported a budget resolution by April 1, it is automatically discharged from the consideration of any budget resolution that has been previously referred to it, as well as any budget resolution that is subsequently introduced. Once the committee has been discharged from the consideration of a budget resolution, it is placed on the Calendar."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Saturno, James; Lynch, Megan Suzanne
2021-06-23
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Defense Primer: Defense Appropriations Process [Updated December 23, 2019]
From the Document: "The Constitution gives Congress the power of the purse in Article I, Section 9, which provides that 'No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law.' To fulfill this duty, Congress annually considers appropriations measures, which provide funding for numerous activities--such as national defense, education, and homeland security--consistent with policies and priorities established through legislation such as the National Defense Authorization Act. The congressional appropriations process includes various rules and practices that Congress has adopted to distinguish appropriations measures and facilitate their consideration. These measures generally provide funding authority in response to the President's budget request for a fiscal year (October 1 through September 30)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Saturno, James; McGarry, Brendan W.
2019-12-23
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Budget Reconciliation Process and the Statutory Limit on the Debt [May 25, 2021]
From the Document: "The budget reconciliation process [hyperlink] is an optional, expedited legislative process provided under the Congressional Budget Act of 1974, as amended (P.L. 93-344; the Budget Act). It consists of several different stages, beginning with the adoption of the budget resolution. The purpose of the reconciliation process is to allow Congress to use special procedures when considering legislation that would bring existing budgetary laws into compliance with the fiscal policies that Congress establishes in the annual budget resolution. If Congress intends to use this process, reconciliation directives (also referred to as reconciliation instructions) must be included in the annual budget resolution. These directives trigger the second stage of the process by instructing individual committees to develop and report legislation that would change laws within their respective jurisdictions related to direct spending, revenue, or the debt limit. Once a specified committee develops legislation in response to a reconciliation directive, that legislation is eligible to be considered under expedited procedures in both the House and the Senate. These procedures are especially important in the Senate, as they include a 20-hour limit on debate time and therefore mean that reconciliation legislation does not require the support of three-fifths of all Senators to bring debate to a close."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lynch, Megan Suzanne; Saturno, James
2021-05-25
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Congressional Budget Process: A Brief Overview [August 22, 2011]
"The term 'budget process,' when applied to the federal government, actually refers to a number of processes that have evolved separately and that occur with varying degrees of coordination. This overview, and the accompanying flow chart, are intended to describe in brief each of the parts of the budget process that involve Congress, clarify the role played by each, and explain how they operate together. They include the President's budget submission, the budget resolution, reconciliation, sequestration, authorizations, and appropriations. This report will be updated to reflect any changes in the budget process."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Saturno, James
2011-08-22
